考研考博-英语-南通航运职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南通航运职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Ineconomics，demandimpliessomethingslightlydifferentfromthecommonmeaningoftheterm.Thelayman,forexample，oftenusedthetermtomeantheamountthatisdemandedofanitem.Thus,ifthepriceweretodecreaseandindividualswantedmoreoftheitem,itiscommonlysaidthatdemandincreases.Toaneconomist,demandisarelationshipbetweenaseriesofpricesandaseriesofcorrespondingquantitiesthataredemandedattheseprices.I£oneroadstheprevioussentencescarefully，itshouldbecomeapparentthatthereisadistinctionbetweenthequantitydemandedanddemand.Thisdistinctionisoftenapointofconfusionandweallshouldbeawareofandunderstandthedifferencebetweenthesetwoitems.Werepeat,therefore,thatdemandisarelationshipbetweenpriceandquantitiesdemanded,andthereforesuggeststheeffectofone(e.g.，price)ontheother(e.g.quantitydemanded).Therefore,knowledgeofthedemandforaproductenablesonetopredicthowmuchmoreofaproductwillbepurchasedifpricedecreases.Buttheincreaseinquantitydemandeddoesnotmeandemandhasincreased,sincetherelationshipbetweenpriceandquantity(i.e.，thedemandfortheproduct)hasnotchanged.Demandshiftswhenthereisachangeinincome,expectations,tastes,etc.，suchthatadifferentquantityoftheproductisdemandedatthesameprice.

Inalmostallcases，aconsumerwantsmoreofanitemifthepricedecreases.Thisrelationshipbetweenpriceandquantitydemandedissostrongthatitisreferredtoasthe“lawofdemand”.This“law”canbeexplainedbytheincomeandsubstitutioneffects.Theincomeeffectoccursbecausepriceincreasesreducethepurchasingpoweroftheindividualand,thus，thequantitydemandedofgoodsmustdecrease.Thesubstitutioneffectreflectstheconsumer’sdesiretogetthe“bestbuy”.Accordingly,ifthepriceofproductAincreases,theindividualwilltendtosubstituteanotherproductandpurchaselessofgoodsAThenegativecorrelationbetweenpriceandquantitydemandedisalsoexplainedbythelawofdiminishingmarginalutility.Accordingtothislaw，theadditionalutilitytheconsumergainsfromconsumingaproductdecreasesassuccessivelymoreunitsoftheproductareconsumed.Becausetheadditionalunitsyieldlessutilityorsatisfaction,theconsumeriswillingtopurchasemoreonlyifthepriceoftheproductdecreases.

Economistsdistinguishbetweenindividualandmarketdemand.Asthetermimplies，individualdemandconcernstheindividualconsumerandillustratethequantitiesthatindividualsdemandatdifferentprices.Marketdemandincludesthedemandofallindividualsforaparticulargoodsandisfoundbysummingthequantitiesdemandedbyallindividualsatthevariousprices.

Theothersideofthepricesystemissupply.Asinthecaseofdemand,supplyisarelationshipbetweenaseriesofpricesandtheassociatedquantitiessupplied.Itisassumedthataspriceincreasestheindividualorfirmwillsupplygreaterquantitiesofaproduct.Thereisapositivecorrelationbetweenquantitysuppliedandproductprice.

Economistsalsodistinguishbetweenachangeinsupplyandquantitysupplied.Thedistinctionissimilartotheonemadewithrespecttodemand.Also，asinthecaseofdemand,economistsdistinguishbetweenindividualfirmsupplyandmarketsupply，whichisthesummationofindividualsupply.

Takentogether,supplyanddemandyieldequilibriumofpriceandquantity.Equilibriumisastateofstability,withbalancedforcesinwhichpricesandquantitywillremainconstant.Moreover，thereareforcesinthemarketthatwillacttoestablishequilibriumifchangesindemandorsupplycreatedisequilibrium.Forexample,ifpricesareaboveequilibrium,thequantitysuppliedexceedsquantitydemandedandsurplusesoccurthathaveadownwardpressureonprices.Thesepressureswillpersistuntilequilibriumisestablished.Ifpricesarebelowequilibrium,theproductwillbecomescareandtherewillbeanupwardpressureonprice.

1.Accordingtothepassage,demand_____.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thelawofdiminishingmarginalutility_____.

3.Theword“equilibrium”（Line1，Para.6）mostprobablymeans_____.

4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

5.Thepurposeofthispassageistoillustrate_____.

问题1选项

A.increasesaspricedecreases

B.canbepredictedifthereisachangeinprice

C.remainsconstantatthesameprice

D.isinfluencedbychangesintheconsumer’sincomeandtastes

问题2选项

A.isexplainedbyincomeandsubstitutioneffects

B.explainswhytheadditionalunitsyieldlessutility

C.showsthattheadditionalunitsyieldlesssatisfaction

D.reflectstheconsumer’sdesiretogetthecheapestbuy

问题3选项

A.stability

B.balance

C.summation

D.consistency

问题4选项

A.Pricedecreasesasmoreproductsaresupplied.

B.Thereisapositivecorrelationbetweensupplyanddemand.

C.Thereisanupwardpressureonpriceifmoreproductsaredemanded.

D.Bothquantitydemandedandquantitysuppliedaredependentonproductprices.

问题5选项

A.thetwosidesofpricesystem

B.therelationshipbetweendemandandsupply

C.therelationshipbetweenpriceandquantity

D.thedistinctionbetweendemandandquantitydemanded

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句，“Demandshiftswhenthereisachangeinincome，expectations，tastes,etc.，suchthatadifferentquantityoftheproductisdemandedatthesameprice.”，可知需求随着收入、预期和品味等因素而改变，造成相同价格下产品的需求量不同。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Becausetheadditionalunitsyieldlessutilityorsatisfaction,theconsumeriswillingtopurchasemoreonlyifthepriceoftheproductdecreases.”，可知在边际效用递减规则中，因为额外产品产生的效用和满意度较低，只有该产品的价格降低，消费者才愿意购买更多的产品。选项C符合题意。

3.词义理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句，“Equilibriumisastateofstability,withbalancedforcesinwhichpricesandquantitywillremainconstant.”，根据本句对equilibrium的解释，可知，它是一种稳定状态，价格和数量在平衡力下保持不变。可推测equilibrium应该有平衡的意思，和balance同义，选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“…Ifpricesarebelowequilibrium,theproductwillbecomescareandtherewillbeanupwardpressureonprice.”，可知如果价格低于平衡值，产品会稀缺，又对价格产生上压力。选项C符合题意。

5.主旨题。本文先后讨论了供给和价格之间的关系，以及需求和价格之间的关系，供给和需求是市价格体系的两个方面，最后提到了市场体系中供需平衡的调控，选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Theactress（

）thetermsofhercontractandwassuedbytheproducer.

问题1选项

A.isolated

B.signed

C.implemented

D.violated

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项isolated“使孤立，使分离”；B选项signed“署名，写下”；C选项implemented“实施，执行”；D选项violated“违反”。句意：这位女演员违反了合同条款，被制片人告上了法庭。选项D更符合语境。

3.单选题

Whenshelearnedthatshebroketheworldrecord,shefeltanirresistible（）tocryatthewinner'sstand.

问题1选项

A.courtesy

B.demonstrates

C.bravery

D.impulse

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。courtesy"礼貌的",demonstrate"举行示威游行（或集会）;说明";bravery"勇敢";impulse"突如其来的念头;剌激,推动力"。句意：当她得知自己打破了世界纪录时，情不自禁地在领奖台上落泪了。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

AriellaRosengardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniadidn’tsetouttoscareanyone.Shejustwantedtoinvestigatealittle-understoodpartoftheimmunesystembystudyinghowviralproteinsinteractwithit.Atfirst,Rosengardworkedwithacommonviruscalledvaccinia.Butvacciniararelymakespeoplesick,andshebegantoworrythatitwouldn’ttellhermuchaboutthehumanimmunesystem.Sosheturnedtoacloselyrelated,farmorefearsomevirus:smallpox.

Smallpoxvirusisn’teasytocomeby.Officially,itresidesinonlytwoplaces—securelabsintheUnitedStatesandRussia.ButRosengarddidn’tneedthevirusitself.ScientistshavemadeitsgeneticcodefreelyavailableontheInternet,givingherthedatasheneededtosynthesizeakeysmallpoxproteininthelab.Test-tubestudiesshowedthatitworksfarbetterthanthecorrespondingvacciniaproteinatblockingakeystepinthehumanimmuneresponse.Thediscoverymayhelpexplainwhysmallpoxkills,anditcouldleadtonewtreatments.

ButwhenRosengardpublishedherreportlastmonthintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,aslightlydefensivecommentaryappearedwithit.Thearticlesaiditwouldbeunlikelytousetheworkasablueprintformakingvacciniamorelikesmallpox.Itacknowledged,however,that“theideathatbioterroristsmightbetemptedtoattemptsuchanexperimenthasbeensuggestedasareasonforconsideringitunwisetopublishobservationsofthisnature.”

Rosengardrejectstheideathatbasicsciencelikehersshouldbeputunderwraps.“Thinkhowmanybrilliantmindswouldnotbeabletoparticipateinfindingacure,”shesays.“Youcan’tpredictthemindofamadman.Thebestdefenseagainstanyvirusisunderstandinghowitfunctions.”

Mostbiologistswouldagree.Butthesedays,theyfindthemselvesgrapplingwithadilemma,astheirtraditionofopennessclasheswiththefearthatwell-intentionedresearchcouldbemisusedtodevelopbioweapons.Asmuchasscientistsfearaidingtheirenemies,theygetunnervedwhengovernmentofficialstalkaboutrestrictingtheirfreedomtopublish.Onething’sforsure—theproblemwon’tjustgoaway.Thegovernmenthasproposedadramaticincreaseinfundingforbasicresearchonpotentialbiowarfareagents.Thismeansthatmanymorescientistswillstudydeadlygerms,andthey’llinevitablywanttopublishwhattheyfind.

1.WhydidAriellaRosengarddecidetostudysmallpox?

2.Howdidsheobtainthesmallpoxprotein?

3.Smallpoxis

deadlyprobablybecause（

）.

4.AccordingtothecommentarymentionedinParagraph3,Rosengard’sreport

（

）.

5.Rosengardthinksthatbasicscience

（

）.

6.Accordingtothefinalparagraph,biologistsareworriedabout（

）.

问题1选项

A.Becausesmallpoxisbecomingmoreimportantandcomplicated.

B.Becausesmallpoxismorefamiliartoscientiststoday.

C.Becausethesmallpoxviruscanbeobtainedmoreeasily.

D.Becausesmallpoxcanrevealmoreabouttheimmunesystem.

问题2选项

A.Shemadeitfrominformationavailableonline.

B.Shereliedonsecurelabsforasample.

C.Shedevelopeditbyusingvacciniavirus.

D.Shereceivedhelpfromgovernment.

问题3选项

A.itkillsvacciniainthehumanimmunesystem

B.itstopsthereactionofthehumanimmunesystem

C.itcausesthehumanimmunesystemtoattackproteins

D.itreproducesquicklyinthehumanimmunesystem

问题4选项

A.wouldbecriticized

B.wouldhelpcontrolsmallpox

C.wouldmisleadresearchers

D.wouldleadtomorepublicationsaboutsmallpox

问题5选项

A.shouldhavealong-termperspective

B.shouldreceivemorefinancialsupport

C.shouldfocusonacademicresearch

D.shoulddevelopinanopenmanner

问题6选项

A.alossofmotivationamongresearchers

B.fundingfromthegovernment

C.theirfreedomtopublish

D.theprospectsoftheirresearch

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:C

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“…shebegantoworrythatitwouldn’ttellhermuchaboutthehumanimmunesystem.Sosheturnedtoacloselyrelated,farmorefearsomevirus:smallpox.（她开始担心这并不能告诉她很多关于人类免疫系统的信息。因此，她转向了一种与之密切相关、可怕得多的病毒:天花。）”即可得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“smallpoxprotein”,可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“ScientistshavemadeitsgeneticcodefreelyavailableontheInternet,givingherthedatasheneededtosynthesizeakeysmallpoxproteininthelab.（科学家们在互联网上免费提供了它的遗传密码，为她提供了在实验室合成一种关键天花蛋白所需的数据。）”即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“deadly”，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“itworksfarbetterthanthecorrespondingvacciniaproteinatblockingakeystepinthehumanimmuneresponse（它比相应的牛痘蛋白在阻断人体免疫反应中的一个关键步骤方面效果要好得多）”即可得出本题答案。

4.细节推断题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文第三段。根据“aslightlydefensivecommentaryappearedwithit（与此同时出现了一篇略带辩护意味的评论）”“unlikely（不太可能的）”“unwise（不明智的）”即可得出本题答案。

5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“Rosengard”,可将信息点定位至原文第四段第一句。根据“Rosengardrejectstheideathatbasicsciencelikehersshouldbeputunderwraps.（罗辛格反对像她这样的基础科学应该保密的观点。）”,即可得出本题答案。

6.细节事实题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“theygetunnervedwhengovernmentofficialstalkaboutrestrictingtheirfreedomtopublish（当政府官员谈论限制他们的出版自由时，他们会感到不安）”即可得出本题答案。

5.单选题

Theemployerwasvery______aboutthehealthofheremployeesasreplacementsweredifficulttoget.

问题1选项

A.splenetic

B.dogmatic

C.solicitous

D.obstinate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项splenetic表示“坏心眼的，容易发怒的”，B项dogmatic表示“教条的，武断的”，C项solicitous表示“热切期望的，热心的”，D项obstinate表示“顽固的，倔强的”。根据关键信息asreplacementsweredifficulttoget（因为替代的员工很难找到）可知，______aboutthehealthofheremployees表示“关心员工的健康”，besolicitousabout表示“挂念，关心”。句意：这位雇主非常关心她的雇员的健康，因为很难找到替代的员工。因此，该题选择C项正确。

6.单选题

Peoplethroughouttheworldareeating____meatperpersonastheydidin1950.

问题1选项

A.morethantwice

B.twicemuchas

C.twiceasmuch

D.twicemore

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.morethantwice两倍以上B.twicemuchas两倍

C.twiceasmuch两倍D.twicemore比……多两倍

【答案】C

【考查点】倍数的表达

【解题思路】根据选项推测，原句表达的语义为“全世界的人均肉类消费量是1950年的两倍。”后文中使用了as，本句使用的倍数表达方式为“倍数+asmuch/manyas”，表示“几倍”，因此，C选项twiceasmuch“两倍”格式正确。该表达方式可以演变成“倍数+as+many/much+可数名词复数/不可数名词+as”。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句倍数表达的格式。其他常见的倍数表达方式有：①倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+其他；②倍数+thesize/height/length/width等+of+其他；③倍数+more+名词+than+其他。

【句意】全世界的人均肉类消费量是1950年的两倍。

7.单选题

Whichissafer-stayingathome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingintheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infact,theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.

Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.Fortunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso(1976),Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).

Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives,justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.

Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateaparticulardanger.ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸铵),whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactiononexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadthesecaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause（）.

3.Accordingtopassage,thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanagementhappenedat（）.

4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof（）.

5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexpertswemayconcludethat（）.

问题1选项

A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.

B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.

C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.

D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.

问题2选项

A.theyareveryrare

B.theyoftencauselossoflife

C.theyalwaysoccurinbigcities

D.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders

问题3选项

A.Texascity

B.Flixborough

C.Seveso

D.MexicoCity

问题4选项

A.naturalgas,whichcaneasilycatchfire

B.fertilizer,whichcan’tbestoredinagreatquantity

C.poisonoussubstance,whichcan’tbeusedinovercrowdedareas

D.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks

问题5选项

A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustry

B.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustry

C.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasurehadbeentaken

D.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.客观细节题。由D选项关键词“chemicalindustry”可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!（然而，坐飞机和在化工行业工作相比怎么样呢？不幸的是，前者的风险是后者的55倍！），说明在化工行业工作比坐飞机更安全。因此D选项“在化工行业工作比坐飞机更安全。”正确。A选项“在办公室工作比待在家里更安全”，B选项“乘公共交通工具去上班比在办公室工作更安全”，由原文可知待在家里、乘坐公共交通工具上班和在办公室工作的风险是相同的，没有谁比谁更安全，所以A，B错误。由第一段最后一句theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome（化工行业工人的事故率比几乎任何人类活动都要低，几乎和待在家里一样安全），说明化工行业和待在家里一样安全，所以C选项“待在家里比在化工行业工作更安全”错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“reportedasnews”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.（化工行业的问题是，一旦出现问题，往往会导致附近居民死亡。这也使得化学事故具有新闻价值。），说明新闻报道化学事故是因为它们会导致人员死亡。因此B选项“它们经常造成生命损失”正确。A选项“它们非常罕见”，C选项“它们总是发生在大城市”和D选项“它们引起了所有读者的兴趣”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“faultofmanagement”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火灾是管理层的失误造成的，因为他们冒着风险在重要维修期间继续生产。），说明由管理失误造成的化学事故发生在弗利克斯伯勒。因此B选项“弗利克斯伯勒”正确。A选项“得克萨斯城”，C选项“塞维索”和D选项“墨西哥城”的事故不是因为管理失误造成的，所以A，C，D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“ammoniumnitrate”可以定位到文章第四段第二句ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate,whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.（因此，得克萨斯城的爆炸是由数吨硝酸铵引起的，大量储存硝酸铵是不安全的。），说明硝酸铵不能大量储存，另外文章第三段第四句TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.（得克萨斯城的肥料爆炸造成552人死亡。）说明造成得克萨斯城爆炸事故的硝酸铵是一种肥料。因此B选项“不能大量储存的化学肥料”正确。A选项“天然气，很容易着火”是墨西哥城火灾事故的原因，C选项“有毒物质，不能在人满为患地区使用”，由文章可知塞维索的事故是毒气造成的，D选项“燃料，它被储存在大的油箱里”在文中没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

5.推理判断题。由A选项关键词“repair”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火灾是管理层的失误造成的，因为他们冒着风险在重要维修期间继续生产。），说明维修设备很重要，不能冒着风险在维修设备时继续生产。因此A选项“为了避免事故，我们不应该维修化工设施”错误。由B选项关键词“localauthorities”可以定位到文章第四段第四、五句TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.（塞维索事故表明，如果地方当局对其家门口的危险缺乏了解，将会发生什么。当毒气飘过城镇上空时，当地领导无法采取有效行动。），说明地方当局需要了解当地化工生产的情况。因此B选项“地方当局不应关心化学工业的生产”错误。由D选项关键词“tanks”可以定位到第四段倒数第三句Thefiresetoffachainreactiononexplodingstoragetanks.（大火引起储存罐爆炸的连锁反应。），说明储存罐里的天然气也会发生气体爆炸的事故。因此D选项“储存在大型储罐中的天然气总是安全的”错误。第四段列举了各种原因引发的事故，同时也相对应采取的措施，因此C选项“如果采取有效措施，所有这些事故都是可以避免或控制的”正确。

8.单选题

Yourexcusethatanelephantfellonyouandmadeyoulateisjust（

）.

问题1选项

A.inevitable

B.incredible

C.indispensable

D.incurable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。inevitable意为“不可避免的”；incredible意为“不能相信的，难以置信的”；indispensable意为“不可或缺的，必不可少的”；incurable意为“无法治愈的”。由“anelephantfellonyou（一只大象落在你身上）”导致迟到这样的借口，通常会让人觉得这是难以置信的，因此选B。

句意：你找的借口说一只大象落在你身上，使你迟到了，这根本是不可信的。

9.单选题

Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor（1）toconsidertheroleofgovernment.Governmenthasapowerful（2）ontheeconomyinatleastfourways.

DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem（3）theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand,（4）ofmosthighwaysisthe（5）oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment,areprimarily（6）forbycountryorcitygovernments.Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation（7）arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalgovernment.

RegulationandControl.Thegovernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate（8）inmanyways,forthe（9）ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest（10）ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda（11）,suchasintelephoneorelectricservice.Publicpolicypermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable（12）butlimitstheirabilitytoraiseprices（13）,sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis（14）toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof（15）infood.Inotherindustries,governmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.

StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofgovernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by（16）taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcreditTheycanalso（17）theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbythegovernmentitself.

DirectAssistance.Thegovernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto（18）andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs（19）certainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto（20）betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Inquiteadifferentarea,governmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequatelycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalcarefortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfaresystemtohelptheunemployedandretirees.

问题1选项

A.economy

B.horror

C.magnifier

D.element

问题2选项

A.elevation

B.emotion

C.effect

D.election

问题3选项

A.dripping

B.serving

C.diverging

D.clamping

问题4选项

A.clearance

B.combustion

C.commence

D.maintenance

问题5选项

A.commonplace

B.responsibility.

C.conductivity

D.consequence

问题6选项

A.consoled

B.compacted

C.paid

D.bracketed

问题7选项

A.services

B.boycotts

C.budgets

D.charters

问题8选项

A.banquet

B.boom

C.arena

D.enterprise

问题9选项

A.assertion

B.purpose

C.asset

D.assumption

问题10选项

A.admiration

B.interests

C.adoption

D.accuracy

问题11选项

A.monopoly

B.acceptance

C.abolition

D.morality

问题12选项

A.proximity

B.blend

C.breast

D.profit

问题13选项

A.fairly

B.unfairly

C.friendly

D.unnecessarily

问题14选项

A.exercised

B.broadened

C.bankrupted

D.exemplified

问题15选项

A.faculty

B.quantity

C.quality

D.fragment

问题16选项

A.applauding

B.assessing

C.ascending

D.adjusting

问题17选项

A.affect

B.accommodate

C.adhere

D.affirm

问题18选项

A.beverage

B.businesses

C.bondage

D.botany

问题19选项

A.perplex

B.permit

C.perturb

D.plunder

问题20选项

A.compensate

B.confront

C.console

D.compete

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:B

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:D

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:C

第16题:D

第17题:A

第18题:B

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】（1）逻辑分析。文章开头第一句就讲到消费者与生产者会对经济产生影响，由此可以推出文章接下来要讲另一个影响因素，只有D选项element(要素)符合题意。

（2）名词辨析。powerfuleffect：强大的影响力。故选择C。

（3）动词辨析。此处为动词的现在分词形式作后置定语修饰federalsystem。邮政系统属于服务行业，故选择B。

（4）名词辨析。此处为and连接construction和空格,因此此处应该填与construction并列的名词。高速公路除了建设，还需要对其进行保养，才保证正常使用。故选择D:保养、维护。

（5）名词辨析。高速公路建设与保养问题，涉及一个各个州归属与责任的问题。由此可知选B:责任。

（6）动词辨析。thepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment：公共教育系统大多数的资金由联邦政府提供。由此推测接下来继续谈论费用的支付问题。故选择C:支付。

（7）固定搭配。service:局、部。Policeandfireprotectionandsanitationservices：警察局、消防部门、卫生局。

（8）名词辨析。句意:政府在许多方面监管和控制私营企业。故选D:企业。

（9）名词辨析。句意:政府实施对企业的管理是为了达到某一目的，故选择B:目的，企图。

（10）名词辨析。句意:政府指导企业的发展，让企业在盈利的同时，也需要满足全社会的利益，故选择B:利益。

（11）名词辨析。句意:在私营企业被垄断的地区，监管调控是必要的。故得知选择A:垄断。

（12）逻辑分析。企业要生存就必须盈利，故选择D:利润。proximity:接近，邻近。blend:混合。breast:胸怀，乳房。

（13）副词辨析。企业为了赚得更多的利润，会打价格战，会恶意提高价格，故选择B:不公平地。fairly:公平地。friendly:友好的。unnecessarily:不必要地。

（14）动词辨析。control：此处理解为调控，而这一行为是需要实施，故选择A:运用，实施。broaden:扩大，变宽。bankmpt:破产。exemplify:例证，例示。

（15）名词辨析。theFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof65infood：食品药品管理局禁止生产有害药品，提出食品加工的质量标准，由此可知选择C:质量。faculty:科，系。quantity:量，数量。fragment:碎片，片段。

（16）动词辨析。...controltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflation...：调控经济过热和过度衰退，抑制通货膨胀。要解决这些问题需要采用一些经济手段，如：调整税率，货币发行量（themoneysupply）,故选择D:调整。applaud:赞同，鼓掌。assess:评定，估计。ascend:上升，攀登。

（17）动词辨析。运用经济手段（调整税率、货币发行量），会对经济产生一定影响，故选择A:影响。accommodate:适应，调解。adhere:坚持。affirm:肯定，断言。

（18）语义连接。individual:个人，政府要保证个体利益也需要照顾全局，由此可以得知选择B:企业。beverage:饮料。bondage:束缚，奴役。botany：植物学。

（19）动词辨析。tariffscertainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;为了企业的更好的发展，可以允许减免某些企业的税收，故选择B:允许。perplex:困惑，为难。perturb:扰乱。plunder:抢夺，抢劫。

（20）动词辨析。...Americanproducts...withcertainforeigngoods:美国产品、外国产品，可得知国内产品与外国产品为了争得市场，必然存在竞争，故选择D:竞争。compensate:补偿、赔偿。confront:面对，遭遇。console:安慰。

10.单选题

TheDuPontCompany,the13thlargestemployerintheU.S.，routinelygivespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobstodeterminewhomightbeacarrierofthetraitforsickle-cellanemia,eventhoughthetraitisregardedaslargelyharmless.Althoughthereareothergeneticallytransmittedblooddiseasesandmetabolicdisordersthatpredominateinracialorethnicgroups,blacksaretheonlyonestobeidentifiedwithadiseaseandexaminedforitatDuPont.InathreemonthstudyofgeneticscreeningintheAmericanworkplace,theNewYorkTimesfoundnootherinstanceofanethnicorracialgroupsingledoutinanorganizationorcompany.DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals.Yettheofficialscanoffernofirmevidencethatthetrait―notthedisease,butonlyasingleabnormalgene—makesblacksmorevulnerable.DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreeningandthusisatthecenterofthedebateoverthisareaofscience,debatesointense,sobroad,thatevenmedicaldirectorsfromothercompanieswhobelievethepossibilitiesofgeneticscreeningwantnopartofit.Atleast,nowtheofficialsatDuPontCompany,aleaderinthechemicalindustrywithannualgrosssalesofmorethan$10billion,feeltheyhavethemoneyandthescientiststoturnthedistrustintoachievement.Ifsomechemicalsarehighlytoxicandtheworkplaceislessthanpure,companyofficialsreason,itisonlylogicaltotrytodeterminewhysomeworkersgetsickerfasterandwhyothersseemtohavemoretoleranceforindustrialpoisons.Andsothecompanyislookingbeyondtheskillsandloyaltyofitsworkerstogeneticstructure.

Thesickle-celltraitisnotthesameassickle-cellanemia.Theanemiais