考研考博-英语-南京邮电大学考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京邮电大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Bymovingtheradarbeamaroundslowlyincircles,wecan______thesurroundings.

问题1选项

A.explore

B.expose

C.exploit

D.expand

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项explore“探索、探险”；B项expose“暴露”；C项exploit“利用”；D项expand“扩展”；句意：通过缓慢地绕圈移动雷达波束，我们可以探索周围的环境。因此该题A项正确。

2.单选题

AbrahamLincolninsistedthat（

）notjustonmereopinionbutonmoralpurpose.

问题1选项

A.tobasedemocracy

B.democracybebased

C.fordemocracytobebasedon

D.wheneverdemocracyisbased

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。当句中谓语动词为表示命令、建议、要求等词汇时，从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略。故B项正确。句意：奥巴马林肯坚称民主不能仅仅建立在意念上，而应该建立在道德目的上。

3.填空题

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Mosterroneousconclusionsbyscientistsarediscoveredduringtheprocessofpublishingtheirresearch.(41)So-called“junkscience”bypassesthissystemofpeerreview.Presenteddirectlytothepublicbypeoplevariouslydescribedas“experts”or“activists,”oftenwithlittleornosupportingevidence,this“junkscience”underminestheabilityofelectedrepresentatives,jurists,andothers—includingeverydayconsumers—tomakerationaldecisions.

(42)Byregulatorydefinition,thesefoodsmaycontainmonoglyceridesanddiglycerides,butnottriglycerides.Fromthepointofviewofsolidsciencethisdefinitionmakesnopracticalsense,giventhatthebodymetabolizesmono,di-andtriglyceridesinessentiallythesameway.Meanwhileunwaryconsumerstakethe“fat-free”labelasalicensetoeatthesefoodstoexcess,andAmericansaremoreobesenowthaneverbefore.

Amoreamusingexampleis“VitaminO,”awondersupplementadvertisedto“maximizeyournutrients,purifyyourbloodstream,andeliminatetoxinsandpoisons—inotherwords,[tosupply]alltheprocessesnecessarytopreventdiseaseandpromotehealth.”(43)Inotherwords,the60,000consumerspurchasing“VitaminO”—tothetuneof$20amonth—weretakingsaltwater!AlthoughthisproductwaslegallyexemptedfromcertainFDArequirementsbyvirtueofitsstatusasa“natural”dietsupplement,theFTCwasabletofileacomplaintagainstitin1999,basedonfalseclaimsbyitspromotersthatitwasbeingusedbyNASAastronauts.Otherwise“VitaminO”wouldstillbeoneoftheworld’sbest-sellingplacebos.

Thepotentiallastingpowerof“junkscience”isdemonstratedbythestoryofGermanphysicianSamuelHahnemann,whotookquininebackin1776toinvestigateitsuseagainstmalaria.Aftertakingquinineheexperiencedchillsandfever,whicharethesymptomsofmalaria.(44)Inthecourseoftestingthistheorywithotherherbalremedies,Hahnemanndiscoveredthatmany“natural”herbsaretoxicandmadehispatientsworse.Thereducethetoxiceffects,hedilutedtheremediesuntiltheyseemedtobeworking.Onthatbasisheformulateda“lawofinfinitesimals”statingthathigherdilutionsofherbalcuresincreasetheirmedicinalbenefits.Tobefair,Hahnemannconductedtheseexperimentsmorethan70yearsbeforescientistsunderstoodthatadilutionweakerthanonepartin6.02×1043maynotcontainevenasinglemoleculeofthedissolvedsubstance.(45)

A.Anexampleof“junkscience”Iliketousewithmystudentsisthemythof“fat-freefoods”inventedbythefoodindustrywiththehelpoffederalregulators.

B.Otherscientistsreviewsubmittedarticles,oftenrepeatinganyrelevanttestsorexperimentsandalwaysevaluatingtheconclusionsthathavebeendrawnfromthem.

C.Forthisheconcluded,wrongly,that“likescurelikes,”i.e.,thatdiseasesshouldbetreatedwithmedicinesthatproducesimilarsymptomstothediseases.

D.Thushedidnotrealizethatuponadministeringtohispatients30Xpreparations—dilutionsofonepartherbto1030partswater—theplaceboeffectwasallthatwasreallylefttomeasure.

E.Despitethispreposterousclaim,themarketfortheseremediesisenormous.

F.Itwasdescribedonitslabelas“stabilizedoxygenmoleculesinasolutionofdistilledwaterandsodiumchloride.”

【答案】41.B

42.A

43.F

44.C

45.D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Anexampleof“junkscience”Iliketousewithmystudentsisthemythof“fat-freefoods”inventedbythefoodindustrywiththehelpoffederalregulators.A.我喜欢用一个“垃圾科学”的例子来告诉我的学生，那就是食品工业在联邦监管机构的帮助下发明的“无脂食品”神话。

B.Otherscientistsreviewsubmittedarticles,oftenrepeatinganyrelevanttestsorexperimentsandalwaysevaluatingtheconclusionsthathavebeendrawnfromthem.B.其他科学家审阅提交的文章，经常重复任何相关的测试或实验，并总是评估从中得出他们的结论。

C.Forthisheconcluded,wrongly,that“likescurelikes,”i.e.,thatdiseasesshouldbetreatedwithmedicinesthatproducesimilarsymptomstothediseases.C.因此，他错误地得出“以毒攻毒”的结论，也就是说，疾病应该用产生类似症状的药物来治疗。

D.Thushedidnotrealizethatuponadministeringtohispatients30Xpreparations—dilutionsofonepartherbto1030partswater—theplaceboeffectwasallthatwasreallylefttomeasure.D.因此，他没有意识到，给他的病人服用30倍的制剂，即将一份草药稀释到水的1030倍，实际上剩下的只是安慰剂效应。

E.Despitethispreposterousclaim,themarketfortheseremediesisenormous.E.尽管这种说法很荒谬，但这些疗法的市场是巨大的。

F.Itwasdescribedonitslabelas“stabilizedoxygenmoleculesinasolutionofdistilledwaterandsodiumchloride.”F.它的标签上描述为“蒸馏水和氯化钠溶液中的稳定氧分子”。

41.第一句提到“科学家的大多数错误结论都是在发表研究成果的过程中发现的”，然后第三句讲的是“所谓的垃圾科学绕过了这个同行评议体系（systemofpeerreview）”，那么可以推断，第二句讲的内容应该和同行评议体系（systemofpeerreview）有关，而第一句是说科学家的erroneousconclusions（错误结论）是在研究成果中发现的，综合理解可知，B项正确。

42.该段提到了一个关键词foods，所以该段是与食物相关的；然后根据其内容，从第三句“从坚实的科学观点来看，这个定义没有实际意义，因为人体对单甘油酯、二甘油酯和甘油三酯的代谢方式基本上是相同的”和第四句“与此同时，粗心的消费者把无脂肪（fat-free）的标签当作过量食用这些食品的许可证”综合理解，可以得出A项正确。

43.根据空格后一句“换句话说，购买维生素O的6万名消费者，每月花费20美元，是在喝盐水（takingsaltwater）”，其中关键部分是takingsaltwater（喝盐水），所以可以推断，空格处的句子是和salt相关的，故F项正确。

44.由空格前两句“哈内曼在1776年服用奎宁，研究它对疟疾的作用。服用奎宁后，他感到寒战和发烧，这是疟疾的症状。”，以及空格后一句“在用其他草药疗法测试这一理论的过程中，哈内曼发现许多天然草药是有毒的，这使他的病人病情恶化”可知，哈内曼服用奎宁研究疟疾，产生了和疟疾一样的症状，然后用天然草药测试自己的理论，使病人中毒；综合理解可知，哈内曼通过服用奎宁产生疟疾症状得出“以毒攻毒”的理论，故C项正确。

45.根据空格处的上一句“哈内曼进行这些实验70多年后，科学家们才认识到，稀释度低于6.02×1043的制剂，可能连一个溶解物质的分子都没有”可知，将草药稀释并没有什么效果，所以空格处还是对草药稀释的描述，故D项正确。

4.翻译题

ForoveradecadeRoyalDutchShell,alongwithitsJapanesepartners,MitsuiaridMitsubishi.HasbeenstrugglingtocoaxoilandgasoutofthefrozenseasoffSakhalinIsland,inRussian’sfarcast.Overtheyearstheschemehasrunintoenvironmentalprotests,itsprojectedcosthasdoubledto$20billionanditscompletiondatehasreceded.

Butitisnownearlyfinished.Withoilandgaspriceshighandafloodofrevenueimminentitisanoddtimeforthethreeownerstoreducetheirshareholding.Yetthatisexactlywhattheyofferedtodothisweek,bysellingamajoritystakeintheprojecttoGazprom,Russia’sstate-ownedgasgiant.

Gazprom’smastersintheKremlinhavemadenobonesoftheirdesiretokeepbigenergyprojectsinthefamily,sotospeak.RussianofficialshadbeenmakinglifedifficultfortheSakhalinprojectbythreateningdireconsequencesforminorenvironmentallapses.Theshareholders,perhapsmindfulofthefateofYukos,abigRussianoilfirmbankruptedbyover-zealoustaxinspectors,presumablyconcludedthatGazpromwasmakingthem,anoffertheycouldnotrefuse.

Whenitcomestoenergy,VladimirPutin’sRussiaseemspronetoloutishbehavior-despiteconstantclaimsthatRussiaisareliablepartner.InadditiontomuggingYukos,ithasoftenintimidateditsneighborswiththreatstocutofftheiroilorgassupplies.Earlierthisyear,whenLithuania(立陶宛)hadthetemeritytosellanoilrefinerytoaPolishfirminsteadofRussianone,thepipelinethatsuppliestherefinerywithRussianoilsuddenlysuccumbedtoamysterioustechnicalfault.

LastwinterGazpromappearedtoblackmailUkraine’snewpro-Westerngovernmentbycuttingoffthecountry'sgasamidadisputeoverprices.TheepisodesentachillthroughoutEurope,whichreliesonGazpromforaboutaquarterofitsgas.Japan,thefixturerecipientofmostofthegasfromSakhalin,willnowalsofinditselfatGazprom'smercy.

Russia’sgovernment,ofcourse,isnottheonlytotrytogrababiggershareofthetakingsasoilandgaspricesgoup.BritainrecentlyraisedtaxesonproductionfromtheNorthSea.AndRussiahasastrongincentivetorewritetherules,sinceitagreedtogeneroustermsforprojectslikeSakhalinbackinthe1990s,whenithadnomoneytodevelopitsresourcesitselfandwasdesperatetoattractforeigninvestment.Butitsbrutishbehaviorwillprobablybackfire.Thenexttimetheoilpricefallsormoneyrunsshort,itmightenduphavingtoofferevenmoremunificenttermstoluretheoilmenback.

Russiarisksscaringoffinvestorsofallstripes,aswellaspotentialcustomersforitsoilandgas.

Moreover,Russiastillneedstheexpertiseofforeignfirms.Gazpromanditsstart-controlledcounterpartintheoilbusiness,Rosneft,arehopelessatincreasingtheiroutput-exceptbybuyingupotherfh-massetsonthecheap.SotheRussianstate’sinsistenceondevelopingitsoilandgasbyitselfisnotjustbadnewsfortheshareholdersofShell,MitsubishiandMitsui.ItisalsobadnewsforordinaryRussians,whowillnotseeasmuchoilwealthastheyotherwisemight.

Whatexplainstheseself-defeatingtactics?MainlyMr.Putin’sbeliefthatenergyisaweaponwithwhichtorestorethelostgreatnessoftheSovietUnion.NolongerneedRussiaintheWestcap-in-handformoney,asitdidinBorisYeltsin’sday.Nowitcanstandtalloncemore,notleastintheneighboringex-SovietcountriesthatmanyinMoscowhaveneverreconciledthemselvestolosing.

Whenevertheseplacesseemtolooktothewest,stillmoreaspiretojoinsuchWesternclubasNATOortheEuropeanUnion,theRussianshavereactedpetulantly,astheydidearlierthisyearbyimposingtradeembargoesonGeorgiaandMoldova.

【答案】多年以来该项目一再遭到环保抗议，预计成本翻了一番，达到200亿美元，完工日期也推迟了。

随着石油和天然气价格不断上涨，利润也将滚滚而来，但在此时却提出让三家公司减少持股，多少有些不合时宜。

今年早些时候，立陶宛轻率地要把一家炼油厂卖给波兰而非俄罗斯的公司，之后这家炼油厂为俄罗斯输油的管线就突然因为神秘技术问题而中断了。

当再次油价下跌或者缺少资金时，他们恐怕不得不开出更加优厚的条件来吸引石油商。

如今，尽管许多前苏联治下的邻国从未承认失败，但俄国己经东山再起。

5.单选题

Ifeltmyself（）andmyhandstrembledasIread:Wehaveyourson.Heissafesofar.Ifyouobeyordershewillbesoonbebackwithyou.

问题1选项

A.begrowingcold

B.growcold

C.havegrowncold

D.togrowcold

【答案】B

【解析】感官动词如feel,see,watch,hear后面接动词原形或动名词,

首先排除选项A和D。根据句意：当我读到:“你的儿子在我们手里,

他目前很安全,

只要你遵守约定,

他将很快回到你身边”时,

我感到不寒而栗,

手也开始颤抖。这里用一般现在时即可,

选项B正确。

6.单选题

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat-orevenonlysomewhatoverweight-isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor（

）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,andoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistorypeople’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.What’stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

5.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness（

）.

问题1选项

A.hastoseekhelpformrichdistantrelatives.

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack.

C.hastogoonadiet.

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes.

问题2选项

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue.

B.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality.

C.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune.

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous.

问题3选项

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime.

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich.

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards.

问题4选项

A.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

问题5选项

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective.

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview.

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint.

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问‘受流行趋势的影响，作者做什么？’根据文章第二段中第二句“Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.我自己也有穿窄身名牌服装的幻想。因此，在我的生活中，无论好坏，我都在节食。”确定C选项“不得不节食”正确。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘在作者看来，现在奇怪的现象是什么？’根据第一段“Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.女人不能太有钱也不能太瘦。这句话经常被认为是已故温莎公爵夫人说的，它体现了我们这个时代的许多古怪精神。苗条被认为是一种美德。”以及根据第四段中“Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.今天情况正好相反。我们已经把瘦变成了美德的新标志。”可知，作者认为现在奇怪的现象是B选项“苗条被认为是一种非常理想的品质”。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘人类历史上人们对体重的看法？’根据文章第三段最后一句“Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.在一些宗教团体中，财富是救赎和高尚道德的象征，而肥胖则是财富和幸福的象征。”确定A选项“与他们的宗教信仰密切相关”正确。

4.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者对那些专注于瘦身的女性有什么忠告？’根据文章倒数第二段中“...inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.在许多情况下，肥胖与增加心血管疾病的风险息息相关。不过除了超重，这些疾病也同样与我们的生活方式及高脂肪饮食习惯有很大关系。患消化系统癌症的相关风险可能更主要是饮食而非体重问题——食物高脂肪低纤维。”以及最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.如果那些瘦人认为他们自然而然就可保持健康，从而不注意总体生活方式，实际上会很危险。”可知作者提出肥胖、生活方式与疾病的关系，确定D选项“他们应该更加关注他们的整体生活方式”符合要求。

5.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者从什么方面批评了女性对瘦身的痴迷？’根据最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.如果那些变瘦的人(或已经变瘦的人)认为他们天生就健康，因此不关注他们的整体生活方式，这实际上是危险的。瘦可以是纯粹的虚荣。”确定作者从健康方面和虚荣心方面批评了女性对瘦身的痴迷，B选项正确。

7.单选题

Ifailedinmynewjob.IfonlyI（）myparents.

问题1选项

A.listenedto

B.hadlistenedto

C.havelistenedto

D.wouldlistento

【答案】B

【解析】虚拟语气语法知识。If引导的虚拟条件句，对过去事情的虚拟用“haddone”。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Theriverisalready（）itsbanksbecauseofexcessiverainfall;andthecityisthreatenedwithalikelyflood.

问题1选项

A.parallelto

B.levelto

C.flaton

D.flushwith

【答案】D

【解析】parallelto平行,

类似；level不与to搭配；flat也不与介词on搭配；flushwith齐平,

同高。句意：由于雨水过多，河水已经和堤岸齐平了，这座城市可能面临洪水的威胁。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Agoodemployergiveshintstohisorheremployeeswithoutinterferingwiththeircreativity.

问题1选项

A.freedom

B.assistance

C.clues

D.funds

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.freedom自由B.assistance帮助

C.clues线索，提示D.funds基金

【考查点】语义衔接与名词辨析

【解题思路】根据后文“不会影响创造力（creativity）”推断，雇主的这个行为如果处理不当会影响员工的创造力，原词hint“暗示，提示”，因此C选项clues“线索，提示”与原词意思最接近。

【干扰项排除】

A选项freedom“自由”，与创造力无关；

B选项assistance“帮助”，语义太宽泛，没有C选项具体；

D选项funds“基金”，与创造力无关。

【句意】一个好的雇主会给他或她的员工一些暗示，而不会影响他们的创造力。

10.单选题

Ifitistruethatmoralitycannotexistwithoutreligion,thendoesnottheerosionofreligionheraldthe_______ofmorality?

问题1选项

A.regulation

B.basis

C.belief

D.collapse

【答案】D

【解析】regulation管理,规则;basis基础,底部;belief信仰,教义;collapse失败,衰竭。句意：如果没有宗教,道德就不可能存在,那么宗教的侵蚀不就预示着道德的崩溃吗?选项D符合句意。

11.单选题

Pleasebeserious.Iamnot（）.Youshouldconsideritcarefully.

问题1选项

A.sorting

B.joking

C.counting

D.comparing

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。sort“将…分类”；joke“开玩笑”；count“计数”；compare“比较”。句意：请严肃点，我不是开玩笑的。你应该仔细地想想。B项符合题意。

12.单选题

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.

B.Socialworkasaprofession.

C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.

D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.

问题2选项

A.Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.

B.Theyraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.

C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.

D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.

B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.

C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.

D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.

问题4选项

A.Socialworks,joboptionsandresponsibilities.

B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.

C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.

D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Hi,I’mElizabethHoffler,MasterofSocialWork.I’masocialworker,alobbyistandaspecialassistanttotheExecutiveDirectorattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.[19]Todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutbecomingasocialworker.Socialworkisthehelpingprofession.[20]Itsprimarymissionistoenhancehumanwell-beingandhelpmeetthebasicneedsofallpeople,withaparticularfocusonthosewhoarevulnerable,oppressed,andlivinginpoverty.Weoftendealwithcomplexhumanneeds.Socialworkisdifferentfromotherprofessions,becausewefocusonthepersonandenvironment.Wedealwiththeexternalfactorsthatimpactaperson’ssituationandoutlook.Andwecreateopportunityforassessmentandinterventiontohelpclientsandcommunitiescopeeffectivelywiththeirrealityandchangethatrealitywhennecessary.Inthousandsofwayssocialworkershelpotherpeople—peoplefromeveryage,everybackground,acrossthecountry.Whereverneeded,socialworkerscometohelp.Themostwell-knownaspectoftheprofessionisthatofasocialsafetynet.Wehelpguidepeopletocriticalresourcesandcounselthemonlife-changingdecisions.Therearemorethansixhundredthousandprofessionalsocialworkersinthecountry,and[21]wealleitherhaveabachelor’sdegree,amaster’sdegree,oraPhDinsocialwork.Therearemoreclinically-trainedsocialworkersthanclinically-trainedpsychiatrists,psychologistsandpsychiatricnursescombined.

Throughoutthisseries,youwilllearnmoreabouttheprofession,thenecessarystepstogetasocialworkdegree,therichhistoryofsocialworkandmanywaysthatsocialworkershelpothers.Laterinthisseries,you’llhearfromStacyCollinsandMelWilson,fellowsocialworkersattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.Stacyisgoingtowalkyouthroughthestep-by-stepprocessofbecomingasocialworker,and[22]Melwilltellyouabouttherangeofoptionsyouhaveonceyougetyoursocialworkdegree,aswellasthehighstandardsofresponsibilitythatsocialworkersmustadhereto.TheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkersrepresentsnearly145,000socialworkersacrossthecountry.Ourmissionistopromote,protectandadvancethesocialworkprofession.Wehopeyouenjoythisseriesabouthowyoucanmakeadifferencebybecomingasocialworker.Next,wearegoingtotalkaboutchoosingsocialwork.

19.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话者主要谈论的是什么？录音开头就提及：今天我们将讨论如何成为一名社会工作者。社会工作是助人的职业。B选项“作为一种职业的社会工作”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“社会工作的历史”在录音中并没有信息提及；C选项“社会工作申请人所需的学历”和D选项“全国社会工作者协会的目标”，虽然在原文中均有所涉及，但并不是谈话人主要谈论的话题，因此均可排除。

20.Whatdosocialworkersmainlydo?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问社工主要是做什么？说话者在介绍完主题之后，立马讲到：社工的主要任务是增进人类福祉，帮助满足所有人的基本需求，特别关注弱势群体以及受压迫和生活贫困的人。D选项“他们帮助提高弱势群体的福祉”符合原文表述，因此正确。A选项“他们试图改变人们的社会行为”；B选项“他们提高人们的环境意识”和C选项“他们为失业者创造很多机会”都不是他们主要做的事情，因此排除。

21.Whatdoprofessionalsocialworkershaveincommonaccordingtothespeaker?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问根据说话者，专业社会工作者有什么共同点？录音提到全国有60多万的专业社会工作者，他们都有社会工作的学士学位、硕士学位或者博士学位。也就是说，专业社会工作者的共同点是都有社会工作的学位，因此C选项“他们都有社会工作学位”正确。A选项“通过工作他们已大不相同”和D选项“他们都接受过严格的临床培训”是利用录音中的makeadifference和clinically-trained设置的干扰项；B选项“他们都是国家协会的成员”在录音中并未提及，因此排除。

22.WhatisMelWilsongoingtotalkaboutintheseries?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问MelWilson将在这个系列中谈论什么？录音的后半部分提到，稍后在本系列，MelWilson将会讲述在拿到社会工作的学位之后的择业范围，以及社会工作者必须坚守的高标准的责任。A选项“社工的工作选择和责任”是对录音原文的概括，因此正确。B选项“社会工作者满足人们需要的方式”；C选项“对社会工作者而言培训的重要性”以及D选项“社会工作者社会地位的提升”均不是MelWilson在本系列要讨论的内容，因此排除。

13.单选题

Theboyansweredallmyquestionswithcomplete（

）.

问题1选项

A.insurance

B.security

C.assurance

D.safety

【答案】C

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。insurance“保险，保险费”；security“安全，保证”；assurance“保证，担保，确信”；safety“安全，保险”。句意：这个小男孩自信地回答了我所有的问题。选项C符合题意。

14.翻译题

中国奉行防御性的国防政策，加强国防建设的目的是维护国家主权、安全、领土完整，保障国家和平发展。中国军队始终是维护世界和平的坚定力量，将一如既往的同各国加强军事合作、增进军事互信，参与地区和国际安全事务，在国际政治和安全领域发挥积极作用。

加强高新技术武器装备建设，加快全面建设现代后勤，培养大批高素质新型军事人才，深入开展信息化条件下军事训练，增强基于信息系统的体系作战能力。

【答案】答：

Chinapursuesanationaldefensepolicythatisdefensiveinnature.OurendeavorstostrengthennationaldefenseaimtosafeguardChina’ssovereignty,securityandterritorialintegrityandensureitspeacefuldevelopment.China’sarmedforceshavealwaysbeenastaunchforceupholdingworldpeaceandwillcontinuetoincreasecooperationandmutualtrustwiththearmedforcesofothercountries,participateinregionalandinternationalsecurityaffairs,andthusplayanactiveroleininternationalpoliticalandsecurityfields.

Weshouldstrengthenthedevelopmentofnew-andhigh-technologyweaponsandequipment,speedupthecompletedevelopmentofmodernlogistics,trainanewtypeofhigh-calibermilitarypersonnelinlargenumbers,intensivelycarryoutmilitarytrainingundercomputerizedconditions,andenhanceintegratedcombatcapabilitybasedonextensiveITapplication.

15.单选题

AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.Thetaskforecologistsistountangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulationgrowthincheckdifferentpopulationsmakesthisoverthelongrun.Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsmakesthistaskmoredifficult:somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;otherexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.

Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns,oneschoolofthoughtproposesdividingpopulationsintotwogroups.Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulationshave“density-dependent”growthparameters;thatis,ratesofbirth,death,andmigrationwhichdependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Thehighlyvaryingpopulationshave“density-independent”growthparameters,withvital,ratesbuffetedbyenvironmentalevents;theseratesfluctuateinawaythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.

Thisdichotomyhasitsuses,butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.Foronethingnopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.Nomatterhowseverelyorunpredictablybirth,deathandmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages,iftherewerenodensity-dependenteffects,thepopulationwould,inthelongrun,eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound(barringamiraclebywhichgainsandlossescanceledexactly).Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.Yet,whetherrecognizedornot,theywillusuallydeterminethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.

Inordertounderstandthenatureoftheecologist’sinvestigation,wemaythinkofthedensity-dependenteffectsongrowthparametersasthe“signal”ecologistsaretryingtoisolateandinterpret,onethattendstomakethepopulationincreasefromrelativelylowvaluesordecreasefromrelativelyhighones,whilethedensity-independenteffectsacttoproduce“noise”inthepopulationdynamics.Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant,orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles,thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectsdescribed,eventhoughthecausativebiologicalmechanismmayremainunknown.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,wearelikelytohavetoofewobservationstohaveanyhopeofextractingthesignalfromtheoverwhelmingnoise.Butitnowseemsclearthatallpopulationsareregulatedbyamixtureofdensity-dependentanddensity-independenteffectsinvaryingproportions.

58.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

59.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorconsidersthedichotomydi