考研考博-英语-安阳工学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安阳工学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

From1965to1978Americanconsumerpricesincreasedatanaverageannualrateof5.7percent.Thisominousshiftwasfollowedbyconsumerpricegainsof13.3percentin1979.

问题1选项

A.promising

B.overwhelming

C.threatening

D.astonishing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ominous“预兆的；不吉利的”；A选项promising“有希望的，有前途的”；B选项overwhelming“压倒性的；势不可挡的”；C选项threatening“危险的；胁迫的；凶兆的”；D选项astonishing“惊人的；令人惊讶的”。句意：从1965年到1978年，美国消费者价格平均每年增长5.7%。这种不吉利的转变之后，1979年消费者价格上涨了13.3%。“ominous”本身就有“不吉利的”的意思，因此C选项正确。

2.填空题

Tasteissuchasubjectivematterthatwedon’tusuallyconductpreferencetestsforfood.Butbecausethetwobigcolacompanies—Coca-ColaandPepsiColaaremarketedsoaggressively,we’vewonderedhowbigaroletastepreference

A

B

C

actuallyplaysforbrandloyalty.

D

【答案】Dfor改为in

【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】playaroleinsth.为固定搭配，其意思为“在……中起作用”，howbigarole到句尾的部分还原成一般陈述语序为tastepreferenceactuallyplaysabigroleinbrandloyalty，所以D部分应为in。

【句意】因为口味是主观问题，所以一般不会对食物进行偏好测试。但由于两大可乐公司——可口可乐和百事可乐的营销非常激进，我们想知道口味偏好在品牌忠诚度中到底起到了多大作用。

3.单选题

Peopletendtobemoreimpressedbyevidencethatseemstoconfirmsomerelationship.Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsarepropheticbecauseafewhavecometrue;theyneglectorfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.

Consideralsothebeliefthat“thephonealwaysringswhenI’mintheshower.”Ifitdoesringwhileyouareintheshower,theeventwillstandoutandberemembered.Ifitdoesn’tring,thatnoneventprobablywon’tevenregister(留下印象).

Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Consider,forexample,thecommonbeliefthatthingslikepersonalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeaths“happeninthrees.”Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.Ifthreeplanecrashesoccurinamonth,thentheperiodoftimethatcountsastheir“happeningtogether”isonemonth;ifthreecrashesoccurinayear,theperiodoftimeisstretched.Flexibleendpointsreinforcesuchbeliefs.

Wealsotendtobelievewhatwewanttobelieve.Amajorityofpeoplethinktheyaremoreintelligent,morefair-mindedandmoreskilledbehindthewheelofanautomobilethantheaverageperson.Partofthereasonweviewourselvessofavorablyisthatweusecriteriathatworktoouradvantage.AseconomistThomasSchillingexplains,“Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy.”Thiswayeveryonerankshighonhisownscale.

Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautiousindrawingconclusions.The“evidence”ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.

1.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorstatesthat______.

2.By“thingslike…”“happeninthrees”,theauthorindicatesthatpeoplebelieve______.

3.Theword“courtesy”probablymeans______.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

问题1选项

A.dreamscannotbesaidtobepropheticeventhoughafewhavecometrue

B.dreamsarepropheticbecausesomeofthemdidcometrue

C.dreamsmaycometrueifclearlyremembered

D.dreamsandrealityarecloselyrelated

问题2选项

A.personalmisfortunestendtohappeneverynowandthen

B.personalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeathsusuallyhappentogether

C.misfortunestendtooccuraccordingtocertainpatterns

D.misfortuneswillneveroccurmorethanthreetimestoapersoninhislifetime

问题3选项

A.goodmanner

B.appropriatespeech

C.friendlyrelations

D.satisfactoryservice

问题4选项

A.Happeningsthatgounnoticeddeservemoreattention.

B.Inaseriesofmisfortunesthethirdoneisusuallythemostserious.

C.Peopletendtomakeuseofevidencethatsupportstheirownbeliefs.

D.Believersofmisfortuneshappeningthethreesarecautiousininterpretingevents.

问题5选项

A.thereissometrutheveninthewidestdreams

B.oneshouldtakenoticeofotherpeople’smerits

C.thereisnoorderorpatterninworldevents

D.weshouldnotbaseourconclusionsonaccidentalevidence

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsarepropheticbecauseafewhavecometrue;theyneglectorfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.（因此，许多人相信他们的梦是预言，因为少数人已经实现了；他们忽视或没有注意到许多没有实现的。），说明作者认为不应该以个别应验的梦境得出梦具有预言性这一推断，毕竟大多数的梦都是不会实现的。因此A选项“即使有几个梦成真了也不能说梦有预言性”正确。B选项“梦是预言性的，因为其中有些梦成真了”，C选项“如果清楚地记住了，梦就会成真”，D选项“梦和现实是密切相关的”均不符合原文内容，所以B,C,D错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、三句Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.（人们希望看到世界的秩序、模式和意义。这种信念源于人们倾向于让第三个事件来定义时间周期。），说明人们总是希望从复杂的事件中找出某种规律，从而印证人们头脑中早已形成的某种判断。因此C选项“不幸往往按照一定的模式发生”正确。A选项“个人的不幸往往每隔一段时间就会发生”，B选项“个人的不幸、飞机失事和死亡通常一起发生”，D选项“一个人一生中发生的不幸不会超过三次”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,D错误。

3.语义推测题。由题干关键词“courtesy”可以定位到文章第六段第四句Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy.（每个人都把自己看重的品质看得很高：谨慎的司机重视小心，熟练的司机重视技术，礼貌的司机重视礼貌。），说明“courtesy”在文中是指“礼貌”的意思。因此A选项“良好的礼貌”正确。B选项“适当的言语”，C选项“友好的关系”，D选项“令人满意的服务”均不符合题意，所以B,C,D错误。

4.主旨大意题。由全文可知，作者希望人们更加关注那些不为大家所关注的，不符人们总结出的“规律”的事件，来避免从个别事实中得出不严密的结论的做法。因此A选项“不被注意的事情值得更多关注”最能概括文章主旨。B选项“在一系列的不幸中，第三件通常是最严重的”在文中没有提及，所以B错误。C选项“人们倾向于利用支持自己信念的证据”只是文章的一个方面，不能完整概括文章主旨，所以C错误。D选项“相信不幸发生三次的人在解释事件时是谨慎的”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautiousindrawingconclusions.The“evidence”ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.（也许我们能学到的最重要的心理习惯是在得出结论时谨慎。日常生活的“证据”有时会引起误解。），说明不应该以随机证据为基础得出结论，因为它们有误导性。因此D选项“不应该把我们的结论建立在偶然的证据上”正确。A选项“即使在最宽泛的梦中也有一些真相”，B选项“人应该注意到别人的优点”，C选项“世界上的事件没有秩序和模式”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

4.单选题

Researchshowsthatmanyvoterswhohaven’tyetmadeuptheirmindsare______towardstheDemocrats.

问题1选项

A.tilting

B.skidding

C.transferring

D.sliding

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项tilt“倾斜，翘起，俯仰（摄影机）”，B项skid“刹住，使减速，滚滑”，C项transfer“转让，转接，移交”，D项slide“滑动，平稳地走，悄悄移动”。根据句子意思“研究表明，许多尚未做出决定的选民都……向民主党”可知，tilt符合语境，tilttowards表示“偏向，向……倾斜”。句意：研究表明，许多尚未下定决心的选民正倾向于民主党。因此，该题选择A项正确。

5.单选题

Thepublicisvery（

）aboutthegovernment’splansforataxcut.

问题1选项

A.susceptible

B.dubious

C.suspicious

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】意:公众不太相信政府的减税计划。

形容词辨析。Susceptible易受影响的;dubious可疑的，怀疑的,后接about;suspicious可疑的，多疑的,后接of;deliberate故意的。因此无论从句意还是从搭配上,B项正确。

6.单选题

6.

问题1选项

A.Toresignrightaway.

B.Toworkonemoredayaschairman.

C.Tothinktwicebeforehemakesthedecision.

D.Toreceivefurthertraininguponhisresignation.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Ihadit.Iamresigningfromthejobofchairmanrightnow.Ican’tstanditanotherday.

W:Doyoureallymeanthatyouwanttoquit?

M:Well,maybe,I’llgiveitasecondthought.

Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?

【解析】男士说：I’llgiveitasecondthought,即他会重新考虑一下。

7.单选题

LegislativesuccesswillcomeifMr.Obamaisskillfulpoliticallyandisabletowranglesupport

（）keylegislators（）keymomentsintheprocess.

问题1选项

A.from,at

B.between,and

C.from,to

D.outof,on

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。supportfrom“来自……的支持”，supportfromkeylegislators“来自主要议员的支持”；atkeymoment“在关键时刻”，因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Insurancecompaniesprovideaservicetothecommunitybyprotectingitagainstexpectedandunexpecteddisasters.Beforeaninsurancecompanywillagreetoinsureanything,itcollectsaccuratefiguresabouttherisk.Itknows,forexample,thattheriskofamanbeingkilledinaplaneaccidentislessthantheriskhetakesincrossingabusyroad.Thisenablesittoquote（报价）lowfiguresfortravelinsurance.Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering.Thenthecompanychargesamuchhigherprice.Iftoomanyclimbershaveaccidents,thepricerisesstillfurther.Ifthemajorityofclimbersfalloffmountains,thecompanywillrefusetoinsurethem.

Anordinaryhouseholdermaywishtoprotecthishomeagainstfireorhispropertyagainstburglary.Ashop-keepermaywishtoinsureagainsttheft.Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.Ifitinsuresashopandthenreceivesasuspiciousclaim,itwillinvestigatetheclaimasameansofprotectingitselfagainstfalseclaims.Itisnotunknownforabusinessmanindebttoburndownhisownpremises（房产）sothathecanclaimmuchmoneyfromhisinsurancecompany.Hecanbesurethatthefirewillbeinvestigatedmostcarefully.Insurancecompaniesalsoacceptinsuranceagainstshipwreckordisasterintheair.Planesandshipsareveryexpensive,soalargepremiumischarged,butareductionisgiventocompanieswithanaccident-freerecord.

Everyweekinsurancecompaniesreceivepremiumpaymentsfromcustomers.Thesepaymentscanformaverylargetotalrunningintomillionsofdollars.Thecompanydoesnotleavethemoneyinthebank.Itinvestsinproperty,shares,farmsandevenantiquepaintingsandstamps.Itsaimistoobtainthebestpossiblereturnonitsinvestment.Thisisnotasgreedyasitmayseem,sincethisisonewaybywhichitcankeepitspremiumsdownandcontinuetomakeaprofitwhilebeingofservicetothecommunity.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraphinthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

2.Theword“quote”（Line3,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Fromthepassage,weknowthatifaccidentswillhappenninetimesoutoftenormore,theinsurancecompanywill（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,ifanairplanehasanaccident-freerecord,itusuallypaystotheinsurancecompany（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwilltheinsurancecompanyNOTprovideinsuranceservicefor?

6.Howdoinsurancecompaniesmakeprofit?

7.Themainideaofthelastparagraphis（）.

问题1选项

A.Apassengerbyairwilltakelessriskofbeingkilledthanamancrossingabusyroad.

B.Apassengerbyairwilltakegreaterriskofbeingkilledthanamancrossingabusyroad.

C.Apassengerbyairwillhavetopaymoretotheinsurancecompanythanamountainclimber.

D.Amotoristshouldpaythehighestpricetotheinsurancecompany.

问题2选项

A.receive

B.accept

C.take

D.offer

问题3选项

A.giveamuchhigherprice

B.quotethehighestprice

C.notprovideinsuranceservice

D.chargealowerpremium

问题4选项

A.alargepremium

B.lesspremium

C.nopremium

D.thesamepremiumastheothercompanies

问题5选项

A.Mountaineers.

B.Ordinaryhouseholders.

C.Airlineswithanaccidentfreerecord.

D.Shopkeeperswithsuspiciousstatisticalrecords.

问题6选项

A.Byreceivingpremiumpaymentsfromcustomers.

B.Bychargingcommissiontocustomers.

C.Byinvestinginsomeindustriesandproducts.

D.Byprovidingservices.

问题7选项

A.thattheinsurancecompanyisgreedyofprofit

B.thattheinsurancecompanymakeslargesumofmoneyeveryweek

C.thattheinsurancecompanymakesagreatprofitbyinvestingitsmoneyindifferentitem

D.toshowtheinsurancecompanymakesuseofitsincomeandthereasonwhyitshoulddoso

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。A：一名空中乘客被杀害的风险小于横穿交通繁忙的马路的行人。B：乘飞机的乘客比穿越繁忙道路的人面临更大的死亡风险。第一段指出：Itknows,forexample,thattheriskofamanbeingkilledinaplaneaccidentislessthantheriskhetakesincrossingabusyroad.（例如，它知道一个人在飞机事故中丧生的风险要小于他穿过一条繁忙的马路所冒的风险）。因此A项正确，B项错误。C：一名空中乘客必须比一名爬山者向保险公司支付更高的保费。第一段指出：Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering（有时候，风险可能很高，就像在赛车或登山运动中的风险）。由此可知，赛车或登山运动中的风险比前面提到的空中遇难要高，C项错误。D：赛车手应该向保险公司支付最高的保费。文章并未提及此项。因此本题选A。

2.【试题解析】词义题。对于“quote”的理解可参考此句：Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.（通常，保险公司会检查它的统计数据并给出保险费的……如果情况可疑，它可能会拒绝报价）。由此可知，“quote”表示“开价，报价”，故选D。

3.【试题解析】判断推理题。第一段指出：Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering.Thenthecompanychargesamuchhigherprice.Iftoomanyclimbershaveaccidents,thepricerisesstillfurther.Ifthemajorityofclimbersfalloffmountains,thecompanywillrefusetoinsurethem.（有时风险可能很高，比如赛车或登山。然后公司会收取更高的价格。如果太多登山者发生事故，价格就会进一步上涨。如果大多数登山者从山上摔下来，公司将拒绝为他们投保）。由此可知，如果事故发生率为十分之九或更高，保险公司将拒保，故选C项“不提供保险服务”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段最后一句指出：Planesandshipsareveryexpensive,soalargepremiumischarged,butareductionisgiventocompanieswithanaccident-freerecord.（飞机和船舶非常昂贵，所以保费也很高，但是如果受保公司没有事故记录，保险公司将减少保费）。由此可知，如果航空公司没有事故记录，它通常会向保险公司支付较低的保费，因此B项正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段指出：Ashop-keepermaywishtoinsureagainsttheft.Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.（店主可能希望投保防盗险。一般情况下，公司会对统计数据进行核对，然后追加报价。如有可疑情况，公司可能会拒绝报价）。

6.【试题解析】细节事实题。最后一段指出：Itinvestsinproperty,shares,farmsandevenantiquepaintingsandstamps.Itsaimistoobtainthebestpossiblereturnonitsinvestment.Thisisnotasgreedyasitmayseem,sincethisisonewaybywhichitcankeepitspremiumsdownandcontinuetomakeaprofitwhilebeingofservicetothecommunity.（它投资于房地产、股票、农场，甚至古董绘画和邮票。它的目的是获得最好的投资回报。这并不像看起来那么贪婪，因为这是一种方法，使保险公司能够降低保费为投保对象提供服务的同时继续盈利）。由此可知，C项“通过投资一些行业和产品”正确。

7.【试题解析】主旨大意题。最后一段主要讲的是保险公司如何利用收取的保费进行投资、降低保费继续盈利进而造福社会，因此D项“说明保险公司利用其收入和为什么这么做的原因”比较符合最后一段大意。

9.单选题

Theacceptedcriteriaofadequatediethavebeenchallengedbynewdiscoveriesinnutrition.

问题1选项

A.formations

B.components

C.standards

D.ingredients

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。criteria“标准，条件”；A选项formation“形成；组成，（军）队形”；B选项component“成分；组件”；C选项standard“标准；水准”；D选项ingredient“原料；要素；组成部分”。句意：公认的充足饮食的标准受到营养学上的新发现的挑战。根据句中“adequatediet适当饮食”与“nutrition营养学”可知criteria在这里的意思为标准，因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Sexandviolenceontelevisionarecalled（

）bypeoplewhofeelthattheyservenopurposeotherthantoimproveratings.

问题1选项

A.gratified

B.gratuity

C.ingratiating

D.gratuitous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gratified“称心的”；B选项gratuity“赏钱；小费”，名词；C选项ingratiating“讨好的；逢迎的”；D选项gratuitous“无理由的；无端的”。句意：电视上的性和暴力被认为它们除了提高收视率没有任何作用的人称之为……。C选项符合题意。

11.单选题

AccordingtothegeologicaltheoryputforwardbyafamousgeologistatanacademicconferencenewlyheldinEngland,thesouthofIcelandis（）toearthquakes.

问题1选项

A.disposed

B.likely

C.liable

D.inclined

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:disposed“有……倾向的；打算做……的”；B:likely“很可能的”；C:liable“易遭受的”；D:inclined“趋向于……的”。句意：根据一位著名的地理学家在最近英国举行的学术会议上提出的地理理论，爱尔兰的南方有地震的可能性。结合句意，C为正确答案。

12.单选题

Asthearticlepointsout,oneofthethingsthatlimittheappealofthisyear’snewTVshowsmostdamaginglvisthattheylackofinnovation.

问题1选项

A.pointsout

B.limittheappealofthisyear’s

C.newTVshowsmostdamaginglv

D.theylackofinnovation.

E.没有问题

【答案】D

【解析】介词误用。去掉of。动词lack表示“缺乏“的意思时为及物动词。

13.单选题

WhileParkerisveryoutspokenonissuesshecaresabout,sheisnot（

）

;sheconcedesthestrengthofopposingargumentswhensheexposesweaknessesinherentinherown.

问题1选项

A.validity

B.arrogant

C.congenial

D.fanatical

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。validity“有效性；正确；正确性”；arrogant“自大的；目中无人的”;congenial“意气相投的；一致的”；fanatical“狂热的”。句意：尽管Parker在自己所关心的问题上非常直言不讳，但是她却____；当自身的内在短处被暴露时她会承认对立观点的优点。由Sheconcedesthestrengthofopposingargumentswhensheexposesweaknessesinherentinherown.当自身的内在短处被暴露时她会承认对立观点的优点。可推断Parker不是一个傲慢无礼的人。故B项符合题意。

14.单选题

Thedevelopedcountriesareurgingthedevelopingcountriestoadoptastrategythatcan（）thetwinneedsofdevelopmentandpreservationofnature.

问题1选项

A.assimilate

B.correspond

C.coincide

D.reconcile

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:assimilate“吸收”；B:correspond“一'致”；C:coincide“一致”；D:reconcile“使一致”。句意：发达国家正在催促发展中国家采用一个能使发展和保护自然的双重需要一致的策略。结合此处语境，D为正确答案。

15.翻译题

ArnoldToynbee说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自于挑战及由此引起的反应。没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。所以，我们首先应该在我们的孩子的能力所允许的范围内为他们开设要求最严格，最富有挑战性的课程。

我们可以向我们的孩子提供的第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权利。如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么自由呢？我们现在生活在一个越来越小的世界里，我们必须对现实保持清醒的认识；而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。这些话听起来很刺耳，但都是残酷的事实。如果我们剥夺孩子失败的权利，实际上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。

【答案】ArnoldToynbeehassaidthatallprogress,alldevelopmentcomefromchallengeandaconsequentresponse.Withoutchallengethereisnoresponse,nodevelopment,nofreedom.Sofirstweowetoourchildrenthemostdemanding,challengingcurriculumthatiswithintheircapabilities.

Thesecondopportunitywecangiveourboysandgirlsistherighttofailure.Whatkindofatestisit,whatkindoffreedomwherenoonecanfail?Weliveinanarrowedworldwherewemustbealert,awaketorealism;andrealismdemandsastandardwhicheithermustbemetorresultinfailure.Thesearehardwords,buttheyarebrutallytrue.Ifwedepriveourchildrenoftherighttofailwedeprivethemoftheirknowledgeoftheworldasitis.

16.单选题

Yearsofresearchhadeducatedmeabouthowsugar,fat,andsaltchangethebrain.Iunderstoodsomeoftheparallelsbetweenhyperpalatablefoodsanddrugsofabuse,andaboutthelinksamongsensorystimulation,cues,andmemory.I’dmetenoughpeoplelikeClaudiaandMariatounderstandhoweventhethoughtoffoodcouldcausethemtolosecontrol.

ButIwasn’tfullypreparedforthediscoveriesImadeaboutirresistibilityandwhoosh,theMonsterThickburgerandBaked!CheetosFlamin’Hot,aboutindulgenceandpurplecows.Withoutnecessarilyunderstandingtheunderlyingscience,thefoodindustryhasdiscoveredwhatsells.

IwassittingatChili’sGrill&BarinChicago’sO’HareAirportwaitingforalate-nightflight.Atanearbytableacoupleintheirearlyfortieswasdeepintoameal.Thewomanwasoverweight,withabout180poundsonherfive-foot-four-inchframe.TheSouthwesternEggrollsshehadorderedwerelistedasastartercourse,buttheenormousplatterinfrontofherhadbeenheapedwithfood.Thedishwasdescribedonthemenuas"smokedchicken,blackbeans,com,Jackcheese,redpeppers,andspinachwrappedinsideacrispyflourtortilla,"anditwasservedwithacreamyavocado-ranchdippingsauce.Despiteitsname,thedishlookedmorelikeaburritothananeggroll,anonly-in-Americafusionapproach.

Iwatchedasthewomanattackedherfoodwithvigorandspeed.Sheheldtheeggrollinonehand,dunkeditintothesauce,andbroughtittohermouthwhileusingtheforkinherotherhandtoscoopupmoresauce.Occasionallyshereachedoverandspearedsomeofhercompanion’sFrenchfries.Thewomanatesteadily,workingherwayaroundtheplatewithscantpauseforconversationorrest.Whenshefinallypaused,onlyalittlelettucewasleft.

Hadsheknownsomeonewaswatchingher,I’msureshewouldhaveeatendifferently.Hadshebeenaskedtodescribewhatshehadjusteaten,sheprobablywouldhavesubstantiallyunderestimatedherconsumption.Andshewouldprobablyhavebeensurprisedtolearnwhattheingredientsinhermealreallywere.

Thewomanmighthavebeeninterestedinhowmyindustrysource,whohadcalledsugar,fat,andsaltthethreepointsofthecompass,describedherentree.Deep-fryingthetortilladrivesdownitswatercontentfrom40percenttoabout5percentandreplacestherestwithfat.“Thetortillaisreallygoingtoabsorbalotoffat,”hesaid.“Itlookslikeaneggrollissupposedtolook,whichiscrispyandbrownontheoutside.”

Thefoodconsultantreadthroughotheringredientsonthelabel,keepinguparunningcommentaryashedid.“Cookedwhitemeatchicken,binderadded,smokeflavor.Peoplelikesmokyflavor—it’sthecavemaninthem.”

“There’sgreenstuffinthere,”hesaid,notingthespinach.“ThatmakesmefeellikeI’meatingsomethinghealthy.”

“ShreddedMontereyJackcheese...Theincreaseinper-capitaconsumptionofcheeseisoffthechart.”

Thehotpeppers,hesaid,“addalittlespice,butnottoomuchtokilleverythingelseoff.”Hebelievedthechickenhadbeenchoppedandformedmuchlikeameatloaf,withbindersadded,whichmakesthosecalorieseasytoswallow.Ingredientsthatholdmoisture,includingautolyzedyeastextract,sodiumphosphate,andsoyproteinconcentrate,furthersoftenthefood.Inoticedthatsaltappearedeighttimesonthelabelandthatsweetenersweretherefivetimes,intheformofcom-syrupsolids,molasses,honey,brownsugar,andsugar.

“Thisishighlyprocessed?”Iasked.

“Absolutely,yes.Allofthishasbeenprocessedsuchthatyoucanwolfitdownfast...choppedupandmadeultrapalatable...Veryappealinglooking,veryhighpleasureinthefood,veryhighcaloricdensity.Rulesoutallthatstuffyouhavetochew.”

Byeliminatingtheneedtochew,modernfoodprocessingtechniquesallowustoeatfaster.“Whenyou’reeatingthesethings,you’vehad500,600,800,900caloriesbeforeyouknowit,”saidtheconsultant.“Literallybeforeyouknowit.”Refinedfoodsimplymeltsinthemouth.

36.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sdescriptionofthewomaneatinginparagraphfour?

37.Accordingtothepassage,themainreasonwhypeopleovereatisthat（）.

38.ThefollowingareallingredientsintheeggrollsEXCEPT（）.

39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

40.InthefirstsentenceofParagraphfour,theword“vigor”mostnearlymeans（）.

问题1选项

A.ThewomanpreferstoeatatChili’svs.otherrestaurants.

B.Thewomantrulyenjoysthefoodsthatshechoosestoeat.

C.Thewoman’sefficiencyatcleaningherplateaddstoherdiningexperience.

D.Theauthorisdisgustedbythewoman’sconsumption.

问题2选项

A.saltandsweeteners,likecorn-syrupsolidsandbrownsugar,areaddedtothefood

B.wedon’thavetochewourfoodverymuch

C.peoplelikesmokyflavor

D.sugar,fatandsaltchangethebrain

问题3选项

A.darkmeatchicken

B.salt

C.binders

D.honey

问题4选项

A.Ifyoueattoomuchfoodtooquickly,you’llgainweightandbecomeunhealthy.

B.Becauserefinedfoodisirresistibleandeasytoeat,itmaskshowunhealthyitis,leavingpeopleunawareofthepoorfoodchoicesthey’remaking.

C.Chili’sisoneoftherestaurantsintheU.S.servingunhealthyfoodtoconsumerstoday.

D.FoodconsultantsandauthorsaremakingAmericansawareoftheirunhealthyeatinghabits,thus,creatinghealthiergenerationsforyearstocome.

问题5选项

A.pleasure

B.flamboyance

C.lethargy

D.energy

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】36.细节推断题。本题采用排除法。将信息点定位为文章第四段。即可排除A、B、C三项。又根据第五段首句Hadsheknownsomeonewaswatchingher,I’msureshewouldhaveeatendifferently.（如果她知道有人在看着她，我肯定她会吃得不一样）得出本题答案。

37.

细节推断题。根据题干中的overeat，将信息点定位到文章最后一段，从而得出本题答案。选项A、C和D文中都有提及，但这些并不是引起暴饮暴食的原因。

38.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词eggrolls，将信息点定位为原文第七段。选项A中的darkmeatchicken与原文第七段第二句Cookedwhitemeatchicken,binderadded,smokeflavor.Peoplelikesmokyflavor—it’sthecavemaninthem.中的whitemeatchicken表达意思相反，从而得出本题答案。

39.

文章主旨题。原文的第一段第一句为本文的主题句，指出sugar、fat和salt改变了人们的大脑，然后列举了一些例子，并且在文章最后一段对这些例子进行了总结，指出这种情况产生的结果。从而得出本题答案。

40.语义题。根据题干，将信息定位为文章第四段。结合上下文语意，原句中attacked（攻击）这个词不能与pleasure（快乐）同时发生，排除；因为woman并没有意识到谁在关注她，排除flamboyance（华丽）；lethargy“昏睡”意味着懒惰，与主题无关，排除。D项符合句意，与后文提到的calories（卡路里，热量单位）对应。从而得出本题答案。

17.单选题

Toachievesustainabledevelopment,the（

）ofresourcesisassumingnewimportance.

问题1选项

A.conservation

B.reservation

C.exhaustion

D.devastation

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。A选项conservation“保存，保护”；B选项reservation“预定，保留”；C选项exhaustion“耗尽，枯竭”：D选项devastation“毁坏”；空格前一句是目的状语“实现可持续发展”，所以空格所在句应是‘资源保护有新的意义。’A选项正确。

18.单选题

ThefirstancientOlympicswereheldin776B.C.ThegamesgottheirnamefromOlympia,theGreekcitywheretheytookplace.LikethesummerOlympicsoftoday,theancientOlympicswereheldeveryfouryears.

ThousandsofpeoplefromallovertheGreekworldcametowatch.Themainstadiumheldabout45,000people.“Wehaveaccountsofvisitorsandpilgrimssettinguptentsallaroundthesite.”LisaCerratoofTuftsUniversitysaid.

DuringthefirstOlympics,therewasonlyonecompetition-a200-meterrace.Butovertimethegamesgrewtoincludewrestling,racing,boxing,andothersports.Womenwerenotallowedtocompete,buttheyhadtheirownseparategames.

“Theancientathletebecamecelebrities,justliketoday.Theyoftenlivedtherestoftheirlivesbeingtreatedtofreedinners.”Cerratosaid,“City-stateseventriedtostealawayeachother’sathletesbyofferingthemvariousawards.”

TheancientOlympicsexisteduntilA.D.393.ButthemodemOlympicsarestillgoingstrong.

1.WheredidtheancientGreeksholdtheirfirstOlympics?

2.HowdidresearchersknowthatancientGreeksrushedtowatchtheOlympics?

3.WhatdidwomendosincetheywerenotallowedtoparticipateintheOlympics?

4.Theancientathletesmusthavefelthonoredwhenthey（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.InAthens.

B.InOlympics.

C.Inatown.

D.Inastate.

问题2选项

A.Thousandsofpeoplecametowatch.

B.Themainstadiumwasnotbigenough.

C.Manyofthemwerevisitorsandpilgrims.

D.Theyhavefoundtherelatedrecordofevents.

问题3选项

A.Theystayedathomedoingnothing.

B.Theyorganizedprotestsinthecity.

C.Theyhadtheirowngames.

D.Theysetuptentsaroundthesite.

问题4选项

A.completedina200-meterrace

B.wrestledwitheachother

C.readtheaccountsofthegames

D.receivedthetreatmentoffreedinners

问题5选项

A.city-statescompetedwitheachothertowintheOlympics

B.theancientathleteslikedtocelebratetheirvictories

C.freedinnerswereofferedduringthecompetition

D.awardswereoftenstolentohonortheathletes

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段：ThegamegottheirnamefromOlympia,theGreekcitywheretheytookplace.运动会得名于它的举办地一奥林匹亚，它是希腊的一个城市。确定C选项正确

2.根据第二段：…“wehaveaccountsofvisitorsandpilgrims...”确定C选项’他们中许多是参观者和朝圣者‘正确。A选项’数以千计的人来参观‘与题意不符。B选项’主体育场不够大‘，文中提到体育场可容纳45,000人，与原文不符。D选项’他们己经发现了有关运动会的记录‘文中未提及。

3.根据文章第三段：Womenwerenotallowedtocompete,buttheyhadtheirownseparategames.女性不允许参加比赛，但是她们可以有自己单独的比赛，确定C选项’她们有她们自己的比赛‘正确。A选项’她们呆在家里，什么也不做‘和B选项’她们在城里组织抗议‘文中没有提及。D选项’她们在比赛场地周围搭建帐篷‘与’参观者与朝圣者搭建帐篷‘不符合，排除。

4.根据第四段：Theancientathletesbecamecelebrities,justliketoday.Theyoftenlivedtheirrestoftheirlivesbeingtreatedtofreedinners.古时候的运动员就如同当今的大腕一样。他们经常终生可以享受免费就餐的待遇，确定D选项’享受免费就餐的待遇‘正确。A选项’参加200米竞赛‘是比赛项目，不符合题意。B选项’彼此较劲‘和C选项’阅读比赛记录‘文中未提及。

5.根据第四段：City-stateseventriedtostealawayeachother'sathletesbyofferingthemvariousawards.”各城邦试图通过提供各种优厚福利来按对手的运动员，确定A选项’