考研考博-英语-安康职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安康职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.填空题

Aconsiderableamountofmedicalresearchisaimedatidentifyingriskfactorsfordisease.Therationalebehindthisworkisthatwherepeopleareinformedoftheirrisk,theywillhappilychangetheirbehaviortolowerthatrisk.（1）thisiscertainlyareasonableassumption,itturnsoutthatthingsarenotquitethatsimpleandstraightforward.Firstofall,healthisnotnecessarilyatoppriorityineveryone’slifeand,forthesepeople,changingbehaviorintheinterestsofhealthmayinterfere（2）other,moreimportantmatters.Second,thebenefitstobederived（3）suchchangesrarelyareimmediateorobvious.Usually,improvementsinhealthtakeplaceoverlongperiodsoftimeandarequitesubtle.（4）,weareallsobombardedwithinformationaboutthethousandsofhealthhazardstowhichweareexposed（5）mostofus“tuneout”muchofthisinformation.Thislatterissueiscompoundedbythefactthatmuchofnewinformationtowhichweareexposedthroughthemediaisexaggeratedand,asoftenasnot,iscontradictedlaterbyeven“newer”information.Fortheseandotherreasons,simplyknowingaboutariskdoesnotnecessarilyensurethatpeoplewilltakeappropriatestepsto（6）it.（7）whenpeoplewanttochangetheirbehavior,thisisnoteasytodo.Forexample,theoverwhelmingmajorityofsmokersinthiscountrywanttoquit,but（8）greateffortveryfewareabletodoso.Mostsmokersacknowledge,atsomelevel,thathealthhazardsassociatedwithsmokingandmostwishthattherewereasimpleandpainlesswaytostop.（9）thenumberofpeoplewhowanttoloseweightisverylarge,butfewofthesepeopleareabletodoitandeven（10）areabletomaintainsuchweightlosses.

【答案】1.Although

2.with

3.from

4.meanwhile

5.to

6.change

7.even

8.make

9.and

10.none

【解析】1.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所处的句子后半句跟前半句有转折关系，所以应该填入转折连词。

2.考查固定搭配。interfere“（利害、要求等）抵触，冲突”，常与with连用。

3.考查固定搭配。bederivedfrom是固定搭配，意思是“来自，从……而产生出来的”。

4.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所在的句子和前面的句子是并列关系，填入的词与后面用逗号隔开，meanwhile符合题意。

5.考查固定搭配。beexposedto是固定搭配，意思是“暴露”。

6.考查上下文语境。空格后面的it指的是“behavior”，文章第二句、第四句都提到了changebehavior，所以空格处应该填change。

7.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所在的句子与后半句thisisnoteasytodo构成让步假设，所以even（即使）符合题意。

8.考查固定搭配。makeeffort“做出努力”。

9.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所在的句子举了减肥的例子佐证作者的观点，与前面的句子是并列的关系。所以and符合题意。

10.考查上下文语义。句意：很多人想减肥，但是只有少数人能做到，甚至没有人能够坚持减肥。空格所处的句子需要一个主语，所以none符合题意。

2.单选题

Ihappenedtobecaughtinashower.Itwasjustacoupleofminutes（）Iwaswetthrough.

问题1选项

A.before

B.since

C.that

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考查时态。A选项before“在……之前”，说明两个时间或两个事件之间的先后关系，句子一般用过去时，例如：Shedidn’tunderstandmebeforeIexplainedittoher.（在我向她解释之前，她不理解我的意思。）；B选项since“自……以来”，通常与现在完成时连用，例如：Heleftthevillagein1982andIhaven’tseenhimsincethen.（1982年他离开这个村子，从那以后，我没再见过他。）；C选项that“那个”，做代词或引导从句，这里在名词后应该引导定语从句或者同位语从句，在此题中不适用，排除C选项。D选项until“直到……时候”，不符合句意，排除D选项。句意：我碰巧遇上阵雨了。只过了几分钟我就浑身湿透了。综上所述，A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Thedirectorgavemehis______thathewoulddoublemypayifIdidmyjobwell.

问题1选项

A.warrant

B.obligation

C.assurance

D.certainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warrant“许可证，授权证”；B选项obligation“责任，义务”；C选项assurance“保证，担保”；D选项certainty“确实的事，必然的事”。句意：主任向我保证，如果我把工作做好，他会给我双倍的工资。

4.单选题

Thecriminalhadplannedtoescapefromtheprison,buthisattemptprovedtobean（）.

问题1选项

A.abortion

B.accident

C.adventure

D.alarm

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。abortion"流产，计划（失败）”;accident“事故，意外”;adventure“冒险”；alarm“警报”。前面提到罪犯试图越狱，后面转折词but表明他没有成功，因此选项A符合题意。句意：这个罪犯试图越狱，但是他的计划没有成功。

5.翻译题

虽然美国总统奥巴马公开号召美国民众购买股票，但是由于投资者信心涣散，市场上难寻买家。3月5日，纽约股市三大股指跌幅全部超过4%，其中道琼斯指数自2日跌破7000点后又跌破6600点，创出自1997年4月以来的新低。导致当天纽约股市受重挫的直接原因是美国最大的汽车制造商通用汽车公司可能破产的消息。通用汽车公司在向美国证券交易委员会提交的报告中说，审计机构认为按照目前的状况公司很难继续生存下去。通用汽车公司表示，如果重组计划无法通过政府审核，公司将申请破产保护。由于通用汽车公司破产可能引发的连锁反应将严重打击美国经济，本以为奥巴马政府有望解决汽车业巨头困境的投资者纷纷抛售通用汽车公司的股票，导致该公司股票暴跌。

【答案】

AlthoughtheUnitedStatesPresidentBarackObamapubliclycalledonAmericanstobuyshares,it’shardtofindbuyersinstockmarketbecauseoftheshakyconfidenceofinvestors.OnMarch5,thethreemajorstockindexesinNewYorkstockmarketallfellover4%,amongwhichtheDowJonesIndexagainfellbelow6600pointsafterfallingbelow7000pointsonMarch2,hittinganewlowsinceApril1997.ThedirectreasonwhichcausedsuchgreatsetbackoftheNewYorkstockmarketonthatdayisthenewswhichsaidthatGeneralMotorsCorporation(GM),theAmerica’sbiggestcarmaker,couldgobankrupt.InareportsubmittedtotheU.S.SecuritiesandExchangeCommissionGMsaidthattheauditinstitutionthinkitisverydifficulttosurviveaccordingtoitscurrentsituation.GMsaidthatiftherestructuringplanwasnotapprovedbygovernment,thecompanywillfileforbankruptcyprotection.AchainreactionprobablyresultingfromGM'sbankruptcywillhitgravelytheeconomyofU.S.，theinvestorswhooriginallythoughtthattheObamaadministrationwouldhopefullyrescuetheautogiantfromdifficultpositiononeafteranothersoldthesharesofGM,givingrisetoslumpofitsshares.

6.单选题

Childrenvalueperceptivecomments,responsesandquestionsontheirwriting,buttheyquicklyseethrough（）approvalandgeneralizedfaintpraise.

问题1选项

A.pernicious

B.perfunctory

C.lethargic

D.phlegmatic

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。pernicious“有害的”；perfunctory“敷衍的”；lethargic“昏睡的，无生气的”；phlegmatic“冷淡的，迟钝的”。句意：孩子们重视他们写作中具有洞察力的评论、回答和问题，但是他们能迅速区分敷衍的意见和普通的赞美。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

问题1选项

A.persuasion

B.remedy

C.encouragement

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。persuasion“说服”；remedy“补救办法”；encouragement“鼓励”；compromise“妥协”。句意：如果一个人提及到他的弱点，他的听众应该说一些鼓励他的话。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Shewasso（

）fortheknowledgethatshehadtaughtherselfallthecoursesbeforeshewenttocollege.

问题1选项

A.grave

B.greedy

C.anxious

D.worried

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项grave“重大的”；B选项greedy“贪婪的，渴望的”；C选项anxious“焦虑的”；D选项worried“担心的”。句意：她是对知识是如此的渴望，以至于她在上大学之前就自学了所有的课程。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

Itwouldbe（）toarriveataconclusionnow.

问题1选项

A.premier

B.premature

C.preliminary

D.prior

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项premier“首要的；第一的”；B选项premature“早产的；不成熟的”；C选项preliminary“初步的；预备的”；D选项prior“先前的；优先的”。句意：现在就下结论会……。在任何时候都可以做出一个决定，如果这项决定没有深思熟虑过，那么实施起来就会遇到问题，所以不能够过早的下定结论。因此B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Mostreadersunderestimatetheamountofrewritingitusuallytakestoproduceaspontaneousreading.Thisisagreatdisadvantagetothestudentwriter,whoseesonlyafinishedproductandneverwatchesthecraftsmanwhotakesthenecessarystepback,studiestheworkcarefully,returnstothetask,stepsback,returns,stepsback,againandagain.AnthonyBurgess,oneofthemostproductivewritersintheEnglishspeakingcountries,admits,“Imightreviseapagetwentytimes.”RonaldDahl,thepopularchildren’swriter,states,BythetimeI’mnearingtheendofastory,thefirstpartwillhavebeenrereadandchangedandcorrectedatleast150times...Goodwritingisessentiallyre-writing.Iampositiveofthis.’’Rewritingisn’tsomethingthatoughttobedone.Itissimplysomethingthatmostwritersfindtheyhavetodotodiscoverwhattheyhavetosayandhowtosayit.Itisaconditionofthewriter’slife.

Thereare，however，afewwriterswhodolittleformalrewriting，primarilybecausetheyhavethecapacityandexperiencetocreateandreviewalargenumberofinvisibledraftsintheirmindsbeforetheyapproachthepage.Andsomewritersslowlyproducefinishedpages,performingallthetasksofrevision，pagebypage.Butitisstillpossibletoseethesequencefollowedbymostwritersmostofthetimeinrereadingtheirownwork.

Mostwriterscanscantheirdraftfirst，readingasquicklyaspossibletocatchthelargerproblemsofsubjectandform,thenmoveincloserandcloserastheyreadandwrite,rereadandrewrite.

1.Whatdoesthestudentwriterfailtodo?

2.WhatdoweknowaboutAnthonyBurgess?

3.Whydosomewritersdolittleformalrewriting?

4.Whatdomostwritershaveincommon?

问题1选项

A.Tohaveenoughtimetodevotetowriting.

B.Tofindhisdisadvantageinwriting.

C.Toseehisworkscomplete.

D.Toobserveotherwritersrewrite.

问题2选项

A.Heisthefirstpersontofindthedisadvantageofthestudentwriter.

B.Heisacraftsmanwhoalwaysregretswhathehasdoneandthereforeredoesit.

C.Hehaspublishedmanyliteraryworks.

D.Heenjoyswritingonthesamepagemanytimes.

问题3选项

A.Becausetheycandothementalrewriting.

B.Becausetheyarenotpositiveofwhattheyhavetosayorhowtosayit.

C.Becausetheybelieverewritingisnotworthwhile.

D.Becausetheyhavetofindtheirpagesfirstbeforetheywrite.

问题4选项

A.Spendingagreatdealoftimeplottinganddrafting.

B.Performingallthetasksofrevisionatonce.

C.Spendingmostoftheirtimereadingother’sworks.

D.Rereadingandrewritingtheirworks.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句，学生们只注重成品，而不会去回过头进行修改，不会后退去做更多的研究工作，作者认为这是学生作者的缺陷。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据第一段对AnthonyBurgess的介绍,“…oneofthemostproductivewritersintheEnglishspeakingcountries,admits,Imightreviseapagetwentytimes.”，可以看出他说英语的国家中是一为多产的作家，而且很注重作品的修改细节。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据第二段，“primarilybecausetheyhavethecapacityandexperiencetocreateandreviewalargenumberofinvisibledraftsintheirmindsbeforetheyapproachthepage.”，主要是因为这些作家有能力和经验在写作之前，在脑海中完成草稿的创作和审查。选项A符合题意。

4.主旨题。根据文章最后一段，大部分作家首先会扫描自己的作品，以最快的速度阅读，检查出形式和主题方面的问题，然后通过不停地重读和重写进行修改，使其更加完美。选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Slaughteranddestructionareterriblerealitiesofwar.

问题1选项

A.slab

B.massivekilling

C.slight

D.dimension

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项slab“厚板，平板；混凝土路面；厚片”；B选项massivekilling“大规模的杀戮”；C选项slight“怠慢；轻蔑”；D选项dimension“方面；[数]维；尺寸；次元；容积”。句意：屠杀和破坏是可怕的战争现实。结合此处关键词slaughter“屠宰；大屠杀；（非正式）彻底击败”，得知B选项正确。

12.单选题

Thedisagreementovertraderestrictionscouldseriously（）relationsbetweenthetwocountries.

问题1选项

A.tumble

B.jeopardize

C.manipulate

D.intimidate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项tumble“摔倒，倒塌”，B项jeopardize“危害，使陷危地”，C项manipulate“操作，操纵”，D项intimidate“恐吓，威胁”。根据句子关键词disagreementovertraderestrictions（关于贸易限制的分歧）和relations（关系）可猜测，空格部分表示“贸易分歧恶化了关系”，因此四个选项中只有jeopardize符合。句意：贸易限制问题上的分歧可能严重危及两国关系。因此，该题选择B项正确。

13.单选题

TheWallensteinstudyindicatesthatevenafteradecadeyoungmenandwomenstillexperiencesomeoftheeffectsofadivorce（

）.

问题1选项

A.thatoccurredwhenachild

B.thatoccurredwhentheywerechildren

C.thathasoccurredaseachwasachild

D.occurringwhenchildren

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法。分析句子成分可知空格处所填成分为定语，when引导时间状语从句。句意：瓦伦斯坦的研究表明，即使过了十年，年轻男女仍然会受到父母离婚的影响，这些离婚是在他们还是孩子时发生的。B项符合题意。

14.单选题

WhileParkerisveryoutspokenonissuesshecaresabout,sheisnot（

）

;sheconcedesthestrengthofopposingargumentswhensheexposesweaknessesinherentinherown.

问题1选项

A.validity

B.arrogant

C.congenial

D.fanatical

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。validity“有效性；正确；正确性”；arrogant“自大的；目中无人的”;congenial“意气相投的；一致的”；fanatical“狂热的”。句意：尽管Parker在自己所关心的问题上非常直言不讳，但是她却____；当自身的内在短处被暴露时她会承认对立观点的优点。由Sheconcedesthestrengthofopposingargumentswhensheexposesweaknessesinherentinherown.当自身的内在短处被暴露时她会承认对立观点的优点。可推断Parker不是一个傲慢无礼的人。故B项符合题意。

15.单选题

Iwasgreatlydisappointed___thataffair.

问题1选项

A.out

B.in

C.to

D.toward

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。bedisappointedin“对……感到失望”，A选项，C选项以及D选项不和bedisappointed搭配。句意：我对那件事非常失望。因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

Ibelievereservesofcoalhereare______tolastforfiftyyears.

问题1选项

A.efficient

B.sufficient

C.persistent

D.rich

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项efficient“有效的”，B项sufficient“充足的”，C项persistent“执着的，坚持不懈的”，D项rich“富有的”。根据关键词reservesofcoal“煤储存”和lastforfiftyyears“持续50年”可知，B选项符合语境。句意：我相信这里的煤储量足够用五十年。因此，该题选择B项正确。

17.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Acoolofficewillboostemployees’productivity.

B.Anaturallyventilatedofficeismorecomfortable.

C.Air-conditioningimprovesventilationintheoffice.

D.Officeair-conditioningshouldfollowguidebooks.

问题2选项

A.Peopleintheircomfortzoneoftemperaturearemoresatisfiedwiththeirproductivity.

B.Twenty-twodegreesistheoptimaltemperatureforofficeworkers.

C.Thereisarangeoftemperaturesforpeopletofeelcomfortable.

D.Peopleindifferentcountriesvaryintheirtolerancetouncomfortabletemperatures.

问题3选项

A.Itwillsharplydecreaseworkefficiency.

B.Itwillbeimmediatelynoticeable.

C.Itwillhavenonegativeimpactonwork.

D.Itwillcausealotofdiscomfort.

问题4选项

A.Theyarenotbotheredbytemperatureextremes.

B.Theysufferfromrapidtemperaturechanges.

C.Theybecomelesssensitivetohightemperatures.

D.Theytendtofavorlowertemperatures.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】PassageTwo

Settingtheofficeair-conditioningatabout22degreesCelsiushasbecomestandardpracticeacrosstheworld.[12]Numerousguidebooksacrosstheworldonheating,ventilationandair-conditioningclaimofficeperformancepeaksat22degrees.Manypeopleindeedfindrelieffromsoaringsummertemperaturesinair-conditionedoffices,butrecentstudieshavechallengedtheacceptedwisdomthatacoolofficeismoreproductive.Therealityismorecomplex.Researchersconductedareviewofallstudiesrelatingtoair-conditioningandproductivity.Theyfoundthat22degreeswasprobablyalittlechilly,evenattheheightofsummer.[13]Forapersondressedintypicalsummerclothing,anoptimalrangewouldbebetween23and26degrees.Andpeoplecaneventoleratetemperaturesbeyondthis“comfortzone”aslongastheycanadjusttheirclothingandexpectations.Infact,evenonveryhotdays,itmakessensetoturntheair-conditioningup.Peopleoftenchasejustone“optimum”temperature,andthisisunderstandablewhenpeoplefeelhot.[14]Butthereisarangeofatleastthreetofourdegreeswhichdoesnothaveanyadverseimpact.Anotherissuerelatedtothisisthatpeoplecanbecomepsychologicallydependentonair-conditioning.[15]Iftheyareusedtotheenvironmentwhichisair-conditioned,theytendtopreferlowertemperatures.Butthestudiesfoundthatalmostallhumansbecameaccustomedtothenewtemperature.Itwasonlyatthe“extreme”endsofthetemperaturerangewherepeople’sproductivitysuffered.Thisrangewasabove26degreesandbelow19degrees.

12.Whatistheacceptedwisdomconcerningtheofficeenvironment?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于办公室环境，人们普遍接受的观念是什么？录音开头讲到办公室的空调温度调到22度左右已成为全球性的标准做法，并且许多关于供暖、通风和空调的指南都声称办公室温度峰值达到22度时，人们的工作效率最高。由此可知，人们普遍认为“凉爽的办公环境能提高员工的工作效率”，因此A选项正确。B选项“自然通风的办公室更舒适”和C选项“空调改善办公室的通风”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除；D选项“人们认为办公室的空调温度设定应遵循指南”，录音只是提及很多指南声称温度调至22度时，员工工作效率最高，并没有说一定要遵循指南，因此D选项不正确。

13.Whatdidresearchersfindfromtheirreviewofallstudiesrelatingtoair-conditioningandproductivity?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问研究人员在回顾了所有与空调和生产力有关的研究之后发现了什么？研究人员发现22度的温度即便是在盛夏也很可能让人感觉有点冷，对穿着正常夏装的人来说，最适宜的温度范围是23度到26度。C选项“人们感到舒适的温度有一个范围”是对这些信息的概括，因此正确。A选项“处于温度舒适区的人们对自己的工作效率更满意”，录音中并没有提及人们对工作效率是否满意，因此排除；B选项“对办公室工作人员来说，22度是最适宜的温度”是很多关于供暖、通风和空调的指南的观点，不是研究人员新发现的结果，因此排除；D选项“不同国家的人对不舒服的温度的耐受力不同”在录音中没有信息提及。

14.Whatdowelearnaboutusingalittlelessair-conditioningduringhotweather?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于在大热天少用点空调，我们了解到什么？录音在提到夏天最适宜的室温是23度至26度后，接着说即使超出这个温度舒适区，人们也受得了。后面还提到，人们通常只追求一个“最适宜的”温度，但在三到四度的温度浮动范围内，不会产生任何负面影响。因此，C选项“对工作没有负面影响”符合录音表述。A选项“这会大大降低工作效率”和D选项“这会引起很多不适”恰好与录音内容相反；B选项“这会立即被注意到”在录音中并没有信息提及，因此可排除。

15.Whathappenswhenpeopleareusedtoanair-conditionedenvironment?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问当人们习惯了空调环境时会发生什么？录音结尾处提到，人们会在心理上对空调产生依赖，如果他们习惯了有空调的环境，他们往往会喜欢更低的温度（theytendtopreferlowertemperatures）。D选项是对原文信息的复现，因此正确。A选项“他们不受极端温度的影响”与录音表述恰好相反；B选项“他们会因温度的快速变化而受到不好的影响”和C选项“他们对高温变得不那么敏感”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。

18.单选题

Hesayshehasn’tgotanymoney（）infacthe’sgotthousandsofdollarsinhisaccount.

问题1选项

A.as

B.since

C.while

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他说他一分钱都没拿到,

但实际上,

他的账户进账几千美元。上下有转折的关系,

用while更适合。

19.翻译题

Adviceisoffensive,notbecauseitlaysusopentounexpectedregret,orconvictsusofanyfaultwhichhadescapedournotice,butbecauseitshowsusthatweareknowntoothersaswellastoourselves;and1.theofficiousmonitorispersecutedwithhatred,notbecausehisaccusationisfalse,butbecauseheassumesthatsuperioritywhichwearenotwillingtogranthim,andhasdaredtodetectwhatwedesiredtoconceal.

Forthisreason,adviceiscommonlyineffectual.2.Ifthosewhofollowthecalloftheirdesires,withoutinquirywheretheyaregoing,haddeviatedignorantlyfromthepathsofwisdom,andwererushingupondangersunforeseen,theywouldreadilylistentoinformationthatrecallsthemfromtheirerrorsandcatchthefirstalarmbywhichdestructionorinfamyisdenounced.Fewthatwanderinthewrongwaymistakeitfortheright;theyonlyfinditmoresmoothandflowery,andindulgetheirownchoiceratherthanapproveit;thereforefewarepersuadedtoquititbyadmonitionorreproof,sinceitimpressesnonewconviction,norconfershowanypoweroractionorresistance.Hethatisgravelyinformedhowsoonprofusionwillannihilatehisfortune,hearswithlittleadvantagewhatheknewbefore,andcatchesatthenextoccasionofexpense,becauseadvicehasnoforcetosuppresshisvanity.3.Hethatistoldhowcertainlyintemperancewillhurryhimtothegrave,runswithhisusualspeedtoanewcourseofluxury,becausehisreasonisnotinvigorated,norhisappetiteweakened.

4.ThemischiefofFlatteryis,notthatitpersuadesanymanthatheiswhatheisnot,butthatitsuppressestheinfluenceofhonestambition,byraisinganopinionthathonormaybegainedwithoutthetoilofmerit,andthebenefitofadvicearisescommonly,notfromanynewlightimpartedtothemind,butfromthediscoverywhichitaffords,ofpublicsuffrages.

Asweallknowourownfaults,andknowthemcommonlywithmanyaggravationwhichhumanperspicacitycannotdiscover,thereis,perhaps,noman,howeverhardenedbyimpudenceordissipatedbylevity,shelteredbyhypocrisy,orblastedbydisgrace,whodoesnotintendsometimetoreviewhisconductandtoregulatetheremainderofhislifebythelawofvirtues.Newtemptationindeedattackhim,newinvitationsareofferedbypleasureandinterestandthehourofreformationisalwaysdelayed,5.everydelaygivesviceanotheropportunityoffortifyingitselfofhabit;andthechangeofmanners,thoughsincerelyintendedandrationallyplanned,isreferredtothetimewhensomecravingpassionshallbefullygratified,orsomepowerfulallurementceaseitsimportunity.

【答案】1.爱管闲事的监督员容易被人记恨，不是因为他的指责是错误的，而是因为他具有我们不愿意让他有的优势，并且他敢于查明我们想要隐瞒的东西。

2.有些人按照自己的意愿行事，没有人询问他们要去哪里，如果这些人不知不觉偏离了正途，正冲向不可预见的危险，他们会很乐意听取那些能让他们从错误中醒悟过来的建议，并且捕捉到让他们免于毁灭或恶行的第一声警告。

3.如果一个人被告知没有节制的生活必然会加速他走向坟墓的步伐，他还是会以他平常的速度奔向新的奢靡之路，因为他的理智没有被激发，他的胃口也没有被减弱。

4.谄媚的危害，不在于它使人相信他是他自己并不是的那种人，而在于它抑制了真实抱负的影响，因为它使人产生这样一种观点：荣誉不需要付出努力就能获得。

5.每一次拖延，都是在为缺点发展成恶习提供机会。虽然诚心改过，也有合理的计划，但是，只有在某种热切的渴望得到充分满足，或者某种强烈的诱惑停止纠缠时，改过自新的行为才能落实。

20.单选题

AtthecloseoftheKyotoGlobal-WarmingTreatydiscussionsheldinBonnlastweek,exhaustednegotiatorsfromnearlyeverycountryonearthhadreasontobeproud.Theyhaddonewhatnooneexpected—theyreachedabreakthroughagreementtolimitgreenhousegases.Duringtheconcludingremarks,aseachspeakerpraisedthenext,onlythechiefUSofficialonthescenedrewanundiplomaticresponse.WhenPaulaDobrianskytoldthegatheringthattheBushAdministration“willnotabdicateourresponsibility”toaddressglobalwarming,thehallfilledwithboos.That’sbecausetheUS,theworld’slargestproduceofgreenhousegases,satonthesidelinesinBonn.

GeorgeW.Bushhasyettodecidewhat,ifanything,hewilldotocombatglobalwarming.ButhebelievestheKyototreatyisfatallyflawedbecauseitdoesn’trequiredevelopingcountriestolimittheirfossil-fueluseimmediately,asitdoesindustrializedcountries.SohekepttheU.S.outofthediscussions.Indoingso,theAdministrationmayhavelostitslastopportunitytohelpshapetheinternationalresponsetotheproblem.AndBushmaybeindangeroflosingcontroloverclimateactiondomestically.Aftermonthsofinternaldebate,theAdministrationisstill“consulting”ontheissue.

ThatnoiseyouhearisCongressrushingtofilltheleadershipvacuum.Atleastsixclimateplanshavebeenproposedsofar.ThefirstissponsoredbyformerRepublican,nowIndependentStatorJimJeffords,chairmanoftheSenateEnvironmentCommittee,whoproposestocutgreenhouse-gasemissionsfrompowerplants.Congressionalactionthisweekwillcenteronreducingemissionsbyraisingvehiclefuel-efficiencystandards,includingthoseforSUVs.IfSUVshadtomeetthesamestandardsascars—somethingMassachusettsRepresentativeEdMarkeywillproposethisweek—theycouldsaveconsumersanestimated$7billionatthepumpthisyearandcutgasolinedemandbytensofbillionsofgallonsover10years.

The“drillDetroit,nottheArctic”campaignwillfindsomesupportthisweekwhentheNationalAcademyofSciencesreleasesalong-awaitedstudy.Thereport,toneddownaftertheautoindustryprotestedthatraisingfuel-efficiencystandards,bymakingcarslighter,makesvehicleslesssafe,isstilllikelytoconcludethatfuelefficiencycanbeincreasedatleast25percentwithexistingtechnology.

Ifafuel-efficiencybillreacheshisdesk,Bushcouldbeinabind—caughtbetweenautolobbyists(hischiefofstaffusedtobeone)andhisconcernforenergysecurity.Withnewtechnologyputtingimpressivefuelefficiencywithinreach,itwillbehardforhimtoopposemeasuresthatcouldreducethenationalappetiteforforeignoilbymillionsofbarrelsayear.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby（）.

2.Thephrase“satonthesidelines”inthelastsentenceofparagraphoneprobablymeans（）.

3.ThereasonthatBushkeptUSoutofthediscussionsisthathebelieves（）.

4.TheNationalAcademyofSciencesfoundinthestudythat（）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

问题1选项

A.explainingaphenomenon

B.makingacomparison

C.justifyingasanassumption

D.posingacontrast

问题2选项

A.nottogetinvolvedinthediscussion

B.nottotakepartintheactivityeventhoughtheyshoulddo

C.nottosittogetherwiththerepresentativesfromothercountries

D.nottopayattentiontotheinternationalaffair

问题3选项

A.theindustrializedcountriesshouldnotshouldertheresponsibilityalone

B.theindustrializedcountriesseemtosharemoreintacklingthisissue

C.developingcountriesfailtomeetthesamerequirement

D.thedevelopingcountriesshouldnotbeincluded

问题4选项

A.theautoindustryshouldnotraisethefuelefficiencystandards

B.thelighterthecaris,thelesssafeitwillbe

C.theexistingtechnologycanincreasethefuelefficiency

D.thelightercarisnotsafeenough

问题5选项

A.newtechnologycanhelpBushoutoftrouble

B.Bushintendstostirthenationalappetiteforforeignoil

C.Bushfailstodealwiththesubtlesituation

D.autolobbyistshavedifferentideasfromBush

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Duringtheconcludingremarks,aseachspeakerpraisedthenext,onlythechiefUSofficialonthescenedrewanundiplomaticresponse.”中文翻译为：在致闭幕词的时候，当与会的每一位发言人都对此表示称赞时，唯独美国官方代表做出了毫无外交策略的回应。可以得知D选项“提出对比”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】词汇题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“WhenPaulaDobrianskytoldthegatheringthattheBushAdministration‘willnotabdicateourresponsibility’toaddressglobalwarming,thehallfilledwithboos.”中文翻译为：当葆拉•多布林斯基向大会宣布布什政府‘不会放弃自己的责任’去处理全球变暖这一问题时，全场报以唏嘘声，可以推测出词组“sitonthesidelines”可译为“冷眼旁观”。因此可知B选项“尽管应该参加，但是他们却没有参加这个活动”为正确答案。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段“ButhebelievestheKyototreatyisfatallyflawedbecauseitdoesn’trequiredevelopingcountriestolimittheirfossil-fueluseimmediately,asitdoesindustrializedcountries.SohekepttheU.S.outofthediscussions.”中文翻译为：但是，他认为京都协定有致命的缺陷，因为它没有要求发展中国家如同发达国家那样，去立刻限制矿物燃料的使用。因此，他让美国没有参与讨论。可以得知A选项“发达国家不应该独自承担这种责任”符合题意。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段中“Thereport...isstilllikelytoconcludethatfuelefficiencycanbeincreasedatleast25percentwithexistingtechnology…”中文翻译为：这项报告……仍可能得出这样的结论，即燃油效率凭借现存的科技至少可以被提高25%。故选C“现存的科技可以提高燃油效率”。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章尾段“Withnewtechnologyputtingimpressivefuelefficiencywithinreach,itwillbehardforhimtoopposemeasuresthatcouldreducethenationalappetiteforforeignoilbymillionsofbarrelsayear.”中文翻译为：随着新科技能带来非常不错的燃油效率，反对能减少国人每年对数百万桶国外石油兴趣的措施对他将是困难的，判断出答案为B项“布什打算激起国人对国外石油的兴趣”。

21.单选题

Plasticsheetingshouldbewrappedaroundthetreeinwinnerto（）itfromthewindandthefrost.

问题1选项

A.recover

B.shield

C.shade

D.rescue

【答案】B

【解析】recoverfrom恢复;shield与from庇护,使免遭……;shade不与from搭配,rescuefrom从...中营救。句意：应该用塑料布把树裹起来,以防止风和霜冻。选项B符合句意。

22.单选题

Isthatlovelygirloverthere（

）SusanBlakewhousedtobesofat?

问题1选项

A.an

B.a

C.the

D.one

【答案】C

【解析】语法冠词和代词的使用。句意：在那边的那位可爱的女孩是过去一直如此胖的苏珊•布莱克？由句中“whousedtobesofat过去一直如此胖”可知SusanBlake为特定的某人，所以用表示特指的定冠词the，C选项正确。不定冠词a与an及代词one—般用来表示非特别指代的一个。

23.单选题

（）therewasnotasoularoundexceptsomecarspassingoccasionally.

问题1选项

A.Overnight

B.Atdusk

C.Inthedeadofnight

D.Fortnight

【答案】C

【解析】词组短语辨析。overnight“过夜”；atdusk“傍晚；黄昏时刻”；inthedeadofnight“夜深人静之时”；fortnight“两星期”。句意：夜深人静时，除了有几辆车偶尔经过外，没有几个行人。选项C符合题意。

24.单选题

TheforestfromwhichMantakeshistimberisthetallestandmostimpressiveplantcommunityonEarth.IntermsofMan’sbrieflifeitappearspermanentandunchanging,savefortheseasonalgrowthandfalloftheleaves,buttoforesteritrepresentstheclimaxofalongsuccessionofevents.Nowoodedlandscapeweseetodayhasbeenforestforalllime.Plantshaveminimumrequirementsoftemperatureandmoistureand,inagespast,virtuallyeverypartofEarth’ssurfacehasatsometimebeeneithertoodryortoocoldforplantstosurvive.However,assoonasclimaticconditionschangeinfavorofplantlife,afascinatingsequenceofchangesoccurs,calledaprimarysuccession.

Firsttocolonizethebarrenlandarethelowlylichens,survivingonbarerock.Slowly,theacidsproducedbytheseorganismscracktherocksurface,plantdebrisaccumulates,andmossesestablishashallowroothold.Fernsmayfollowand,withshortgrassesandshrubs,graduallyfromacoveringofplantlife.Rootsprobeevendeeperintothedevelopingsoilandeventuallylargeshrubsgivewaytothefirsttress.Thesegrowrapidly,cuttingoffsunlightfromthesmallerplants,andsoonestablishcompletedomination-closingtheirranksandformingaclimaxcommunitywhichmayendureforthousandsofyears.

Yeteventhiscommunityisnoteverlasting.Firemaydestr