考研考博-英语-南昌航空大学科技学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌航空大学科技学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Whybothercooking?Youdon'thavetime,ofcourse(oryouthinkyoudon’t).Thatisthebigreason.Butyoualsodon’tdoitaswellastheprofessionals,soit’stemptingtoletthemhandleitforyou.Oratleastletthemgiveyouaheadstartintheformofmeal-assemblyshops,cakemixesandcanned,frozenandpre-choppedingredients.MichaelPollanthinksyoushouldbother.Hislatestbook,Cooked,isapowerfulargumentforareturntohomecooking.

Scoresoffoodwritersandeditors,myselfincluded,havelonglamentedtheincreasinginfluenceofcorporationsonthepublic’sdiet.WehaveseentheslowretreatfromthekitchenasaprimarycontributiontoAmerica’sobesityepidemicandotherhealthandenvironmentalills.ButperhapsonlyPollancansoeffectivelypickupthethreadsofsomanyfoodmovements,philosophiesandresearchpapersandknitthemintoacompellingnarrativewithacrystal-clearmessage.Hewrites“Thebestwaytorecovertherealityoffood,toreturnittoitsproperplaceinourlives,isbyattemptingtomasterthephysicalprocessesbywhichithastraditionallybeenmade.”

Don'tbetagainsthim.Becauseofthepowerofhisproseandhisreasoning,CookedmayprovetobejustasinfluentialasPollan’sotherbook.TheOmnivore'sDilemma,possiblythesinglemost-citedtextbythosewhoprofessconcernwithhowoureatingchoicesaffectplanet.

AsinTheOmnivore’sDilemma,Pollanhaveknownthathiscredibilitydependsonawillingnesstopracticewhathepreaches,soinCookedhetakesjustasmuchofahands-onapproachashesuggestshisreadersdo.Hedividesthebookintofoursectionsinthiscase,theclassicalelementsoffire,water,airandearth.Eachrepresentsatypeofcooking-barbecue,braising,breadbakingandfermentation-and,asthebook’ssubtitlepromises,explorescookingasnolessthanatransformationofnatureintofoodanddrink.

Theresultsarefascinating,butthemagicofCookedliesnotinitsabilitytounlockthesecretsofslow-roastingawholehogorbrewingbeer.Therearemuchmorehelpful,intensiveinstructionalmaterialsforthatkindofthing.No,whatPollanpullsoffisevenmoreimpressive.HemanagestoilluminatethewealthofconnectionsthatstemfromourDIYtimeinthekitchen.“Tocookforthepleasureofit,”hewrites,“todevoteaportionofourleisuretoit,istodeclareourindependencefromthecorporationsseekingtoorganizeoureverywakingmomentintoyetanotheroccasionforconsumption.”

1.“Corporations”(Paragraph2)inthepassagerefertothosewho（）.

2.Toencourageareturntohomecooking.Pollanadvises（）.

3.WhatistrueaboutTheOmniore’sDilemma?

4.“Fermentation’’(Paragraph4)islikelytobetalkedaboutinthesectionof（）.

5.Thepassageismostlikelytobe（）.

问题1选项

A.sellyoujunkfoods

B.teachyouhowtocookfoods

C.prepareorprocessfoodsforyou

D.dothehomecookingforyou

问题2选项

A.seekingforprofessionalhelp

B.teachingtheprocessesofcooking

C.understandingphilosophiesaboutfood

D.launchingmanyfoodmovements

问题3选项

A.Itexpressesconcernovertheenvironment

B.Itisaboutthedilemmatheplanetisfacedwith

C.Itisaboutthedilemmaofhomecooking

D.Itsauthortakesapractice-orientedapproach

问题4选项

A.fire

B.water

C.air

D.earth

问题5选项

A.areviewofabook

B.adefenseforacourseofaction

C.aguidebookforcooking

D.aninstructionforconsumingfood

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:词义题。根据题干定位至第二段:Scoresoffoodwritersandeditors,myselfincluded,havelonglamentedtheincreasinginfluenceofcorporationsonthepublic’sdiet(包括我在内的几十位食品作家和编辑长期以来一直在哀叹corporations对公众饮食的影响越来越大)。因此对corporations的理解可参照上段:Butyoualsodon’tdoitaswellastheprofessionals，soit’stemptingtoletthemhandleitforyou(然而，你也可能做饭做得没有专业人员那样好，因此让他们为你处理饭是吸引人的)，以及:Oratleastletthemgiveyouaheadstartintheformofmeal-assemblyshops,cakemixesandcanned,frozenandpre-choppedingredients(或至少让他们以餐点装配商店、蛋糕材料、罐装、冷藏和预先剁碎的材料的形式给你一个有利的开端)。由此可知，corporations指那些为你准备或加工食物的人。

第2题:细节事实题。第二段指出:...Thebestwaytorecovertherealityoffood,toreturnittoitsproperplaceinourlives,isbyattemptingtomasterthephysicalprocessesbywhichithastraditionallybeenmade(要恢复食物的真实性，使它回到我们生活中的适当位置，最好的方法就是试图掌握传统上制造食物的物理过程)，由此可知B项“教授烹饪的过程”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由题干关键词TheOmniore’sDilemma定位至第四段:AsinTheOmnivore’sDilemma.Pollanhaveknownthathiscredibilitydependsonawillingnesstopracticewhathepreaches(如同在《杂食动物的困境》一书中一样，Pollan知晓他的可信性依赖于愿意去实行他所讲道的…)，由此可知D项“它的作者采取了一个以实践为导向的方法”正确。

第4题:细节事实题。倒数第二段指出:Hedividesthebookintofoursectionsinthiscase,theclassicalelementsoffire,water,airandearth.Eachrepresentsatypeofcooking—barbecue,braising,breadbakingandfermentation...(在这种情况下，他将这本书分为四个章节，即经典的火、水、空气和大地。每个代表了一种烹饪类型，即烧烤、炖、面包烤制和发酵…)，由此可知D项“大地”正确。

第5题:判断推理题。倒数第二段提到:Hedividesthebookintofoursectionsinthiscase,theclassicalelementsoffire,water,airandearth.Eachrepresentsatypeofcookingbarbecue,braising,breadbakingandfermentation...(这种情况下，他将这本书分成四个章节，即经典的火、水、空气和大地。每个代表了一种烹饪类型，即烧烤、炖、面包烤制和发酵…)，由此推测这篇文章可能是一篇书评。

2.单选题

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）towhocompetewell.

问题1选项

A.prestige

B.regime

C.superiority

D.legislation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项prestige“威信”；B选项regime“政体”；C选项superiority“优越”；D选项legislation“立法”。句意：在这样一个给予强者显赫声望的社会里，大卫觉得自己无用，不被社会需要。本句表示强者获得威望。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Sincethelate1970’s，inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity—andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitivenessthroughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity——thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput——didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultwerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cuttingthemoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.

Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies.Itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa“40,40,20”rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthemember,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproachincludingsimplifyingjobsandretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder——doproduceresults.Butthetoolsquicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.

Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.

EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,inpart,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocusesonthemanufactureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inonecompanyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecializeindifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach,withinthreeyearsthecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectivesbesidescuttingcost.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferentwayofmanaging.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturersmentionedinPara1expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould（

）.

3.TheprimaryfunctionoftheFirstParagraphisto（

）.

4.TheauthorreferstoAbernathy’sstudymostprobablyinorderto（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.summarizingathesis

B.recommendingadifferentapproach

C.comparingpointsofview

D.makingaseriesofpredictions

问题2选项

A.encourageinnovation

B.keeplaboroutputconstant

C.increasetheircompetitiveadvantage

D.causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives

问题3选项

A.outlineinbrieftheauthor’sargument

B.anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollow

C.clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomicterms

D.presentahistoricalcontextfortheauthor’sobservations

问题4选项

A.qualifyanobservationaboutonemethodrulegoverningmanufacturing

B.supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivity

C.suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturingindustry

D.giveanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisingamanufacturingstrategy

问题5选项

A.Critical

B.Disinterested

C.Respectful

D.Adulatory

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干询问‘这篇文章的作者主要关心的是…’文章一开始作者提出随着市场份额丢失，很多企业开始采用削减成本的策略；随后从几个方面指出这种策略的缺陷处；最后，作者提出了一种新的策略并证明它是行之有效的；根据这样的文章结构确定B选项“推荐一种不同的方法”正确。A选项“总结一个论点”，C选项“对不同的观点进行比较”和D选项“做出一系列的预测”都不能准确表达作者写作意图。

2.推理判断题。题干询问‘从文章中可以推断，第1段中提到的制造商期望他们所采取的措施将会…’从文章推断第一段中提到的生产商期望他们实施的策略能够怎样？根据文章第一段第一句“manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity——andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness——throughcost-cuttingprograms.美国的制造商一直试图通过削减成本来提高生产率，从而增强其国际竞争力。”确定C选项“增加他们的竞争优势”正确可知生产商们是想要增强竞争力的，故答案选项为C。

3.推理判断题。题干询问‘第一段的主要作用是…’文章第一段主要描述了20世纪70年代美国企业中的削减成本策略后出现的情况，所以D选项“介绍作者观察结果出现的历史背景”正确。

4.推理判断题。题干询问‘作者引用艾伯纳西的研究最有可能是为了…’根据文章第三段第二句‘AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.正如Abernathy对汽车制造商的研究表明，一个行业很容易成为自己在削减成本技术上投资的囚徒，从而降低了开发新产品的能力。’可以确定艾伯纳西的研究是为了证明前一句话‘Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.另一个问题是，削减成本的做法阻碍了创新，阻碍了有创造力的人。’所以B选项“支持前期有关一个提高生产率的方法的论断”正确。

5.观点态度题。题干询问‘作者对大多数工厂文化的态度可以用哪个词来描述？’文章一开始作者提出随着市场份额丢失，很多企业开始采用削减成本的策略；随后从几个方面指出这种策略的缺陷处；最后，作者提出了一种新的策略并证明它是行之有效的；所以B选项“无私的，公正的”正确。

4.单选题

SomeofthismeatcamefromCanada.Howabout（

）?

问题1选项

A.another

B.others

C.theother

D.therest

【答案】D

【解析】考查不可数名词的指代。meat是不可数名词，前面三个选项一般用来知道可数名词，所以不符合题意。选项D既可以指代可数名词，也可以指代不可数名词，符合题意。句意：这里一部分肉来自加拿大，那剩下的呢？

5.单选题

Aterribletrafficaccidenthappened;peopleweresaddenedwhentheywatchedthe（

）sightonTV.

问题1选项

A.panic

B.patriotic

C.pathetic

D.periodic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。panic“恐慌的”；patriotic“爱国的”；pathetic“可怜的”；periodic“周期的”。句意：发生了一场严重的交通事故；当人们从电视上看到这个可怜的场面的时候都非常伤心。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed—exactlyaswritten—onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandlamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologists,collectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.

Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.

Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteenth-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabright,memorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.

Typically,eachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass—inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.

Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstrumentalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofjazz.Asagenre,ragtimerequiresstrictattentiontostructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.

1.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingisacharacteristicofragtimecompositionsthatfollowtheclassicragtimeformulaEXCEPT（

）.

2.Theauthorrejectstheargumentthatragtimeisamechanicalmusicbecausethatargument

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheessentialnatureofragtimehasbeenobscuredbycommentariesbasedon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingismostnearlyanalogousinsourceandartisticcharactertoaragtimecompositionasdescribedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.syncopation

B.abasslinedistinctfromthemelodicline

C.risingrhythmic-melodicintensity

D.fulldevelopmentofmusicalthemes

问题2选项

A.improperlyidentifiescommercialragtimemusicwiththesubtlerclassicragtimestyle.

B.doesnotaccuratelydescribethesoundofragtimepianolamusic.

C.confusesthemeansofrecordingandtheessentialcharacterofthemusic.

D.exaggeratestheinfluenceoftheperformancestyleofprofessionalragtimeplayersonthereputationofthegenre.

问题3选项

A.thewayragtimemusicwasfirstrecorded

B.themusicalsourcesusedbyScottJoplinandJamesScott

C.thedancefashionsthatwerecontemporaryragtime

D.earlyreviewers’accountsofcharacteristicstructure

问题4选项

A.Symphonicmusicderivedfromcomplexjazzmotifs.

B.Anexperimentalnovelbasedonwell-knowncartooncharacters.

C.Adramaticproductioninwhichactorsinventscenesandimproviselines.

D.Aballetwhosedisciplinedchoreographyisbasedonfolk-dancesteps.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题干问的是根据这篇文章，除了哪一项外，下面的每一个都是拉格泰姆作品的一个特征？题干问的是根据这篇文章，除了哪一项外，下面的每一个都是拉格泰姆作品的一个特征？定位到第四段中Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass~inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.拉格泰姆作曲家不关心音乐主题的发展，而是完整地、完整地设定一个主题，并把它与各种相关的主题联系起来。拉格泰姆乐曲的张力来自于两种基本元素之间的对立:钢琴师左手弹连续低音(爵士音乐家称之为“boom-chickbass”)和右手弹有旋律的切分低音。可知D项“音乐主题的全面发展”不是拉格泰姆作曲的特点，故D项正确。A项“切分音”和B项“与旋律线不同的低音线”，C项“旋律强度不断上升”这段均有提及。

2.判断推理题。定位到第二段中Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.有时有人指责拉格泰姆是机械的。例如，威尔弗雷德•米勒斯评论道，“拉格泰姆被转移到自动钢琴上，即使不是机器演奏，也应该像机器演奏一样具有细致的精确度。”然而，我们没有理由仅仅因为商业制造者对拉格泰姆音乐使用了机械录音的方法（这是当时记录钢琴演奏的唯一方法）就认为拉格泰姆本身就是机械的。拉格泰姆音乐不是机械的精度，也不局限于精度的表现风格。它源于拉格泰姆遵循的一种定义明确的形式，并在该形式中遵循简单的规则。可知C项“混淆了录音的手段和音乐的本质特征”正确。D项“夸大了专业的拉格泰姆音乐演奏者表演风格对这种音乐流派的影响”，A项“错误地将商业拉格泰姆音乐与更微妙的古典拉格泰姆风格区分开来”；B项“没有准确地描述拉格泰姆钢琴音乐的声音”；文中均未提及，故答案C

3.判断推理题。题干问：从文中可推断出拉格泰姆音乐的本质被基于什么基础上的评论所遮蔽？定位到第二段中“However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.然而，没有理由仅仅因为商业制造商对拉格泰姆使用了一种机械录音方法，就认为拉格泰姆本身就是机械的，这是当时唯一一种录制钢琴的方法。”可知由于拉格泰姆用了一种机械录音法，故A项正确。

4.判断推理题。题干问：下列哪一项在来源和艺术特征上与文中描述的拉格泰姆乐曲最为相似?A项“从复杂的爵士主题中衍生出来的交响乐。”；B项“一部以著名卡通人物为原型的实验性小说”；C项“演员们创造场景并即兴创作台词的一种戏剧作品”；D项“以民间舞蹈为基础的有纪律的舞蹈编排的芭蕾舞”。定位到第三段中“Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner拉格泰姆结构的目的是要以阶梯状的方式从一个主题上升到另一个主题······与最后一段中“Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.从这个意义上说，拉格泰姆音乐更像是十九世纪的民间音乐，而不是爵士乐。由此对应可推知有“folk-dancesteps民间舞蹈步伐”的D项正确。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishtoChinese

Naturecontainstheelements,incolorandform,ofallpictures,asthekeyboardcontainsthenotesofallmusic.

Buttheartistisborntopick,andchoose;andgroupwithscience,theseelements,thattheresultmaybebeautifulasthemusiciangathershisnotes,andformshischords,untilhebringsforthfromchaosgloriousharmony.

Tosaytothepainter,thatNatureistobetakenassheis,istosaytotheplayer,thathemaysitonthepiano...

Thedignityofthesnow-cappedmountainislostindistinctness,butthejoyofthetourististorecognizethetraveleronthetop.Thedesiretosee,forthesakeofseeing,is,withthemass,alonetheonetobegratified,hencethedelightindetail.

【答案】在色彩和形状方面，大自然包含所有的图画元素，如同键盘包含所有的音乐的音符一样。

但是艺术家生来就有挑选和选择的能力，将它们巧妙地结合在一起，构成一幅美丽的图画，如同音乐家用声音谱成和音，从混乱无序的声音中创作出动听和谐的乐曲一样。

对画家来说，他可以按照大自然本来的样子创作，就等同对演奏家说，他可以坐在钢琴……

白雪皑皑的高山若是变得清晰可见就失去了它的威严，但观光者的快乐在于能看到山顶上的游客。对于大多数人，只是为了看见而要看见，只是为了使这个愿望得到满足，因此，他们以能一睹细节为快。

8.单选题

Thestoryistoldthatinthe,medievalUniversityofParistheprofessorsweredisputingaboutthenumberofteethinahorse’smouth.Theyagreedthatthenumbercouldnotbeamultipleofthree,forthatwouldbeanoffensetotheTrinity;norcoulditbeamultipleaseven.NeithertherecordsofAristotlenortheargumentsofStThomasenabledthemtosolvetheproblem.Thenashockingthinghappened.Astudentwhohadbeenlisteningthediscussionwentout,openedahorsedmouthandcountedtheteeth.

Iwanttodrawtwoconclusionsfromthisparable.Thefirstisthatourpresentperplexitiesaboutuniversitiesderivefromtheactofthismedievalstudent.Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.Hisactintroducedresearchintotheuniversity.Afterthehorse'smouthwasopenedknowledgebecameanopensystem.Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal.Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom.Tostayoutsidethecorpusacademicismsetbookseventointerprettheminnovelwayswastocourtheresy.Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.Itwasatcertainperiodsnoteveninterestedinknowledgeforitsownsake.Manyscholarspursuedknowledge.Ifnorforprefermentthenasameansofspiritualandintellectualhealth,justasamanplays,golfnotforthesakeofgolfbuttokeepdownweight.

Iwanttofollowthesetwolinesofthoughtbyraisingthreequestion.Thefirstiswhatdowewanttoperpetuatefromtheuniversity'slongtradition?What,inotherwords,isthecontentofourloyaltytotheuniversityideal?Secondlywhatobligationsdoestheuniversityhave—_whatloyaltiesoughtittofoster—towardscontemporarysociety?Andthirdly,whataretheprospectsthatthesetwoloyalties—onetoatraditionaluniversityidealtheothertothesocietyinwhichwelivecanbereconciled?

1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（

）.

2.Theauthorusestheparabletoshowthat（

）.

3.Thepassagestatesthat（

）.

4.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreewith（

）.

5.Theword“novel”inparagraph2isasynonymto（

）.

6.Itcouldbeinferredthattheauthormentionsallthefollowingexcept（

）.

问题1选项

A.themostimportantfunctionofauniversity

B.thedifferencesbetweenmodernandmedievaluniversities

C.thecontentoftheuniversityideal

D.theauthor'sopiniononeducation

问题2选项

A.scientificresearchshouldbebasedonfact

B.thetraditionaluniversityidealisacceptable

C.oneshouldalwaysobserveanimalscarefully

D.onemustlistencarefullytowhatotherssay

问题3选项

A.Therelationshipbetweenteacherandstudentisverysimple

B.Manyscholarspursueknowledgeforspiritualandintellectualhealth

C.Therealizationoftheuniversityidealdependsonseveralimportantfactors

D.Theuniversity'slongtraditionalispreferredbymanyscholars

问题4选项

A.Theoriesmustbecombinedwithpractice.

B.Scienceisnotrelatedtoimaginations

C.Theteachingenvironmentisthemostimportantinachievingtheuniversityideal

D.Themedievaluniversityhadlittlemerits.

问题5选项

A.clever

B.brave

C.new

D.interesting

问题6选项

A.thetraditionalteachingmethods

B.objectiveinquiry

C.thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife

D.revoltagainstauthority

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者通过寓言引出传统教育理念，并对此做出两个结论：第一，我们目前对大学的困惑源于这位中世纪学生的行为，即客观探究、反抗权威等；第二，对传统大学理念要三思后再考虑践行。最后，作者提出三个疑问，一是我们应该延续传统大学的什么内容？大学有什么义务？这两种忠诚（一种是对传统大学理想的忠诚，另一种是对社会的忠诚）的前景是什么？这些内容都是和教育有关，因此答案为D选项“作者对教育的看法”。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“Iwanttodrawtwoconclusionsfromthisparable.”，中文翻译为我想从这个寓言中得出两个结论。以及后文“Thefirstisthatourpresentperplexitiesaboutuniversitiesderivefromtheactofthismedievalstudent.Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.Hisactintroducedresearchintotheuniversity.”，中文翻译为：第一，我们现在对大学的困惑源于这个中世纪学生的行为。他象征着客观探究的开始、对权威的反抗、经验主义的态度、学术研究与生活事实的联系。他的行为把研究引入了大学。和“Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal…”，中文翻译为：第二个结论是，在我们对传统的大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前，我们必须三思而后行。可以得知B选项“传统大学教育理想是可以接受的”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal.”，中文翻译为：第二个结论是，在我们对传统的大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前，我们必须三思而后行。因此，C选项“大学理想的实现取决于很多重要因素”最符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由A项可以定位到文章第二段，第二段谈及“寓言中学生的行为象征着客观探究的开始，对权威的反抗，经验主义的态度，学术研究与现实生活的联系。”则排除A选项；B选项在文章内没有提及；由C选项“教学环境是实现大学理想的重中之重”可以定位到文章第二段中“Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom…Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.Itwasatcertainperiodsnoteveninterestedinknowledgeforitsownsake.Manyscholarspursuedknowledge.”，中文翻译为：中世纪的大学敌视我们现在所说的学术自由……传统大学对发现不太感兴趣：它专注于固定文化的传播。在某些时期，它甚至对知识本身不感兴趣。许多学者追求知识。判断C选项正确；由D项可以定位到文章中“Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.”，中文翻译为：传统大学中不是所有东西都值得保留。以及文章提及在对传统大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前需要三思，判断出D项错误。故C为正确答案。

5.词义猜测题。根据题干关键词“novel”可以定位到第二段中“Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom.Tostayoutsidethecorpusacademicismsetbookseventointerprettheminnovelwayswastocourtheresy.Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.”，中文翻译为：并不是所有的传统大学都值得保留。中世纪的大学敌视我们现在所说的学术自由。置身于学术文集之外，甚至以新颖的方式解读书籍，都是在招惹异端。传统大学对发现不太感兴趣：它专注于固定文化的传播。可以得知C项“新的”最为符合。

6.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.”，中文翻译为：他象征着客观探究的开始，对权威的反抗，经验主义的态度，学术研究与现实生活的联系。因此只有A选项没有提及，符合题意。

9.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】细节题。女士提议说待会去打网球，最后男士说：Seeyouinthecourt(球场上见)。

10.单选题

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines:theBug-EyedMonster,embodyingeverytraitand（1）thatmostpeoplefindrepulsive,isabouttograb,andpresumablyravish,asweet,blonde,curvaceous,scantily-cladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansand（2）aworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.In（3）tothisunwarrantedstereotype,sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,andwhenit（4）,itismorediscreetthanothercontemporaryfiction.（5）,thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesinthe（6）betweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishto（7）thatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,the（8）ofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudyingfor（9）otherliteraryformdoesqu