考研考博-英语-南华大学船山学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南华大学船山学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thewrapperitself______theshopper,whousuallythrowsitawayimmediately.

问题1选项

A.isnotaninterestto

B.isofnointerestto

C.isnotinterestedto

D.isuninterestingto

【答案】B

【解析】考查interest的意义和用法，固定搭配beof(no)interesttosb.“（不）会引起……的兴趣”；区别interested“感兴趣”，interesting“有趣的”，interest“兴趣，爱好”。A项语义不符，C项表示“包装纸对顾客不感兴趣”不符合句子逻辑，D项也不符合逻辑；本句句意是：对于顾客来说，包装纸本身不会引起其兴趣，通常，他们立即就将其扔掉了。根据语义，B项最符合。

2.单选题

Psychologyhasslowlyevolvedintoan（

）scientificdisciplinethatnowfunctionsautonomouslywiththesameprivilegesandresponsibilitiesasothersciences.

问题1选项

A.independent

B.unusual

C.outmoded

D.exceeded

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。independent“独立的”；unusual“不寻常的；与众不同的”；outmoded“过时的”；exceeded“非常的；过度的”。句意：心理学已慢慢演变成一个独立的学科，如今有着与其他自然科学同样特权和责任的它独立自主地行使职责。由functionsautonomously可知A项符合语境。

3.单选题

AsmanyofthearticlesinthisissueofTheMcKinseyQuarterlydemonstrate,companiesinthedevelopedworldareoutsourcing（资源外置）everlargerportionsoftheirbusinesstolow-cost,highlyskilledworkersinthedevelopingworld.Drivingthistrendistheremarkableabilityoftheglobalworkforcetolearnonthejob.

Infact,therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,political,andintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.TheresearchoftheMcKinseyGlobalInstitute(MGI)duringthepastdecadehasconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

MGIhasfoundampleevidenceinthedevelopingworldtosupportthisconclusion.InBrazil,forexample,thetwoleadingprivateretailbanksarelocallyownedandstaffedbutachievenear-globallevelsofbest-practiceproductivity.AHondafactoryinBrazilperformsalmostaswellasthecompany’sJapaneseandUSplants.Inthesamecountry,theFrenchhypermarketchainCarrefourachievesabout90percentoftheproductivitythatitachievesathome.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Ihavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon'tforceit.Afterall,that'showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn'thavetimeforeducation.Theydidn'thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Wecanconcludefromthesecondparagraphthatinpoorcountries（

）.

2.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theeconomicgrowthisneeded

（

）.

3.Accordingtothetext,educationgotstarted（

）.

问题1选项

A.progressineducationisnecessaryforthepoliticaldevelopment

B.theimportanceofeducationhasbeenoverestimated

C.thepooreducationresultsinthelowstandardsofliving

D.thetraditionalviewabouteducationisgroundless

问题2选项

A.beforeeducationcanprogress

B.beforeapoliticalsystemcanoperate

C.inpoorcountriestoescapepoverty

D.toadapttothecompetitiveenvironment

问题3选项

A.whenthegovernmentforcedpeopletostudy

B.whenourancestorshadenoughtime

C.whenourancestorswerenolongerphysicallyhungry

D.beforeourancestorsfoundbetterwaystogetfood

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong（然而，在贫穷国家教育应该是最优先促进经济快速发展的观点是错误的）可知B选项“教育的重要性被高估了”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由最后一段中的Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation...Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.（当竞争环境推动我们的祖先实现这一潜力时，他们又能提供更多的教育……然而，缺乏正规教育并不会限制发展中国家劳动力在可预见的未来大幅度提高生产力的能力）可知经济的增长需要适应竞争环境，因此选D。

3.细节事实题。文章第四段的内容为：教育与经济发展的真正关系是什么？我开始怀疑持续的经济增长会促进教育的发展，即使政府不强制教育。毕竟，教育就是这样开始的。当我们的祖先一万年前是猎人和采集者时，他们没有时间接受教育。可知教育开始在我们的祖先找到更好的食物的方法之前，因此选D。

4.单选题

Theseillegalimmigrantshavetoworklonghoursadaydespitetheappallingworkingconditions.

问题1选项

A.bewildering

B.exasperating

C.dismaying

D.upsetting

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。appalling表示“可怕的，令人震惊的”；A项bewildering“使人困惑的”，B项exasperating“使人恼怒的”，C项dismaying“令人震惊的，令人惊恐的”，D项upsetting“令人心烦意乱的”。句意：尽管工作条件恶劣，这些非法移民每天还是得工作很长时间。根据句意可知，选择C项正确。

5.单选题

Newtechnologyismakingthetraditionalfarmingmachineryandmethods（）.

问题1选项

A.efficient

B.emergent

C.obsolete

D.nostalgic

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。efficient“有效率的”；emergent“紧急的”；obsolete“过时的”；nostalgic“怀旧的”。句意：新的科技使传统的农业机械和方法渐渐过时了。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

TheanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenIslamandviolenceinAsiamustbedonewithinasinclusiveaperspectiveaspossible.AstheexampleoftheevolutionofJihadillustrates,simplyviewingdevelopmentswithintheframeworkofseparatecountriesisnolongeraviableframeworkforanalysis.Remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstatesopensthewayforamisleadingexceptionalism.Italsomissestheimpactofglobalizationandthedirectinvolvementofglobalizationinhistoricaldevelopments.TheemergenceofJihadcannotbeunderstoodwithoutseeingitinthecontextoftheglobalizationofactivistorganizations.Similarly,suchdevelopmentsmustbeviewedwithintheframeworkofglobalreligiousresurgence.ThisisnotaphenomenonthatisrestrictedtoMuslimorganizationsinAsia.TheissueoftherelationshipbetweenreligionandviolenceinvolvesexaminationofHindu,Jewish,Christian,andothertraditions,aswellasIslam.Theroleofviolenceinreligionisanimportantpart,ofthechallengesfacingAsianIslamatthecrossroadsofhistoryinthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.

Islam'spoliticalrolehasmanyimportantdimensions.Theverynatureofan"IslamicState"providesanimportantarenaforpoliticaldebateandactivism,andthisisjoinedwiththeissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariaforsocietiesinthetwenty-firstcentury.Islam’spoliticsisalwaysthearenaofmainstreamMuslimactivity,butitisalsoincreasinglyshapedbytheviolenceofextremists,whoseappealappearstobegrowing.ThesemanydimensionsofIslam'spoliticalroleneedtobebetterunderstood.Thewholestructureofsocietyisbeingtransformedinthemodernera.IssuesinvolvingthedefinitionofthenatureofthesocialorderareanimportantpartofthecrossroadssituationofMuslimcommunitiesandsocietiesinAsiaatthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.Concernaboutthechangingnatureofthesocialorderis,inmanyways,acontinuationoflong-standingIslamicperspectives.TherealcenteroftheIslamicconceptsofhowhumanlifeshouldbeorganizedisnot"thestate"—itisthecommunity,orummah.Theconcentrationontheissueofthe"IslamicState"is,inimportantways,a"modem"concern,reflectingthegeneraltendencyofmodernitytobestate-centeredratherthancommunity-centered.However,theoften-repeatedstatementthat"Islamisnotsolely'areligion,'itisatotalwayoflife"reflectsaconcernforthewholeofsociety,includingthepoliticalorder,butgoesbeyondthestate.

TheviewsofMuslims,bothmainstreamandextremist,regardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureandstructureoftheircommunityareofgreatsignificance.DebatesdefiningthedevelopingnatureofthewholesocialorderareamajorpartofthedynamicsthatdeterminewhatthenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsiawillbeinthetwenty-firstcentury.Inthebroadestterms,thisinvolvesdefiningtheroleofIslamincivilsociety,thenatureofthepublicsphereforhumanactivity,andthecomplexissuesofinteractionsbetweenreligionandpolitics,moralityandsocialorder,thatariseindefining"secular"relationshipsincontemporaryglobalizationandtheglobalreligiousresurgence.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingbestexpressesaninclusiveperspective?

2.Thehighlighted"It"inLine5refersto（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph2,manyimportantdimensionsofIslam'spoliticalroleincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.Theword“ummah”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.WhydoestheauthorthinktheviewsofbothmainstreamandextremistMuslimsregardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureoftheircommunityareveryimportant?

问题1选项

A.Fromaninclusiveperspective,youranalysisisnotconfinedtotheanalysisofaparticularstate.

B.Aninclusiveperspectiveisanall-roundperspective.

C.Fromaninclusiveperspective,thedevelopmentofIslamwillbeunderstoodinaglobalcontextandbelinkedwiththedevelopmentsofotherreligionsaswell.

D.Fromaninclusiveperspective,manydimensionsofIslamwillbebetterunderstood.

问题2选项

A.theanalysisoftherelationship

B.remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstates

C.amisleadingexceptionalism

D.theexampleoftheevolutionofJihad

问题3选项

A.therelationshipbetweenMuslimcommunitiesandsocieties

B.theissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariainthe21stcentury

C.mainstreamMuslimactivity

D.thegrowinginfluenceofviolenceofextremists

问题4选项

A.theMuslimcommunity

B.thestate

C.theMuslimpeople

D.thelife

问题5选项

A.Toavoidsocialinstabilityandviolence.

B.TorespondtothediversitypresentinallofthesocietiesofAsia.

C.Todefinesecularrelationshipincontemporaryglobalreligiousresurgence.

D.TodeterminethefuturenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsia.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“…simplyviewingdevelopmentswithintheframeworkofseparatecountriesisnolongeraviableframeworkforanalysis.Remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstatesopensthewayforamisleadingexceptionalism.”，可知仅仅在单独国家的框架内观察事态发展已不再可行。继续局限于各州的地理边界，容易导致例外主义。可推断出从包容性的角度看，伊斯兰教的发展将在全球范围内得到理解，并与其他宗教的发展相联系。这一现象可以表达包容的观点。选项C符合题意。

2.词义理解题。根据文章第一段，“Italsomissestheimpactofglobalizationandthedirectinvolvementofglobalizationinhistoricaldevelopments.”，可知它也忽视了全球化的影响和全球化对历史发展的直接影响。从句子中的also可判断，主语应该为同一对象，可知it指代上文提到的仍然局限于单独的国家的地理边界。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Islam'spoliticalrolehasmanyimportantdimensions.Theverynatureofan"IslamicState"providesanimportantarenaforpoliticaldebateandactivism,andthisisjoinedwiththeissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariaforsocietiesinthetwenty-firstcentury.Islam’spoliticsisalwaysthearenaofmainstreamMuslimactivity,butitisalsoincreasinglyshapedbytheviolenceofextremists,whoseappealappearstobegrowing.”，可知伊斯兰政治角色包括21世纪伊斯兰教法对社会的意义、主流穆斯林活动的战场、心灵斗争演变的例子。所以穆斯林和社会之间的关系不属于伊斯兰的政治角色。选项A符合题意。

4.词义理解题。根据文章第二段，“TherealcenteroftheIslamicconceptsofhowhumanlifeshouldbeorganizedisnot"thestate"—itisthecommunity,orummah.”，可知伊斯兰教关于应该如何组织人类的中心不是“国家”，而是社会团体。因为单词or可判断出ummah应该为前面提到的事物。选项A符合题意。

5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段，“TheviewsofMuslims,bothmainstreamandextremist,regardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureandstructureoftheircommunityareofgreatsignificance.DebatesdefiningthedevelopingnatureofthewholesocialorderareamajorpartofthedynamicsthatdeterminewhatthenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsiawillbeinthetwenty-firstcentury.”，作者认为主流穆斯林思想和极端主义思想对于伊斯兰和他们的社会里面都是很重要，因为界定整个社会秩序的发展性质的辩论是决定21世纪亚洲穆斯林社会性质的一个主要部分。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Afolkcultureisasmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperforinagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericanistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlabor-savingdevicesoftheIndustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut,"humility",clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclassessotypicaloffolkcultures,andthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.

Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivisionoflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandamiytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.

Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduce,iseasierortime-savingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffolkcultures?

3.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?

4.WhatisthemainsourceoforderinAmishsociety?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmishbeliefsdoesthepassagesupport?

问题1选项

A.Twodecadesinmodernsociety.

B.Theinfluenceofindustrialtechnology.

C.Thecharacteristicsof“folk”and“popular”societies

D.ThespecializationoflaborinCanadaandtheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.Thereisamoney-basedeconomy

B.Socialchangeoccursslowly

C.Contactwithotherculturesisencouraged.

D.Eachpersondevelopsonespecializedskill.

问题3选项

A.Theyvaluefolkcultures.

B.Theyhavepopularcultures.

C.Theyhavenosocialclasses.

D.Theydonotvalueindividualism.

问题4选项

A.Thegovernment.

B.Theclanstructure.

C.Theeconomy.

D.Thereligion.

问题5选项

A.Variousreligiouspracticesaretolerated.

B.Individualismandcompetitionareimportant.

C.Pre-moderntechnologyispreferred.

D.Peoplearedefinedaccordingtotheirclass.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章主要分为三个部分，第一个部分讲述的是民间文化社会的特点，第二部分讲述的是大众文化社会的特点，第三部分是讲述在工业时代的如今，大众流行文化正在取代民间文化。选项A：二十年的现代社会；选项B:工业技术的影响；选项D：加拿大和美国的劳动专业化，以上选项均与原文不符。选项C:“民俗化”社会与“大众化”社会的特征“为正确选项。

第2题:事实细节题。由题干意思定位到文章第一段中Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.“传统是至高无上的，很少有改变，而且变化很慢。很少有专门的劳动分工。”由此可知选项B“社会变革发生得很慢”与原文相符，为正确选项，而选项A、C、D均与原文表述的意思相反。

第3题:事实细节题。题干意思是关于美国和加拿大，作者暗示了什么?可以定位到文章第—段中UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.“在美国和加拿大等工业化国家，一成不变的民间文化已经不复存在。”可以推断出两个国家的文化均已大众流行化，由此可知B选项“它们有大众流行文化”与原文意思相符，因此B为正确选项。

第4题:事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到第一段最后一句Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.“其宗教，作为Mennonite信仰的一种，提供了维持秩序的主要机制。”由此可知D选项“宗教”为正确选项，选项A、B、C均与题意不符。

第5题:事实细节题。选项A：容忍各种宗教活动。这与文章所表述的阿米什人很少与他们宗派以外的人通婚不符，因此错误。选项B：个人主义和竞争很重要这与文章“theweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasses”意思不符，所以为错误选项。选项D：每个人发展一项专门技能，明显与文中第一段描述不符。选项C：现代以前的技术更受喜欢，与原文“InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.”所表述的意思“在Amish地区，轻便马车仍然是当地的交通工具，信徒们不允许拥有汽车。”相符，因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

The（）stuckontheenvelopesays“ByAir”.

问题1选项

A.diagram

B.label

C.signal

D.mark

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项diagram“图表；图解”；B选项label“标签；商标”；C选项signal“信号；暗号；导火线”；D选项mark“标志；马克；符号”。句意：信封上粘贴的标签说是“航空邮件”。信封上粘贴的应该是标签，故选B。

9.单选题

Althoughhehaddonemanygreatthings,heneverfeltitnecessaryto_______hisachievements.

问题1选项

A.lavish

B.extravert

C.impose

D.vaunt

【答案】D

【解析】lavish浪费,慷慨给予;extravert使思想外倾;impose征税,强加;vaunt自夸，吹嘘。句意：虽然他做了许多伟大的事情，但他从不觉得有必要夸耀自己的成就。选项D符合句意。

10.单选题

TherighttopursuehappinessispromisedtoAmericansbytheUSConstitution,butnooneseemsquitesurewhichwayhappinessran.Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.JonathanSwiftconceivedofhappinessas“thestateofbeingwell-deceived,”orofbeing“afoolamongidiots,”forSwiftsawsocietyasalandoffalsegoals.

Itis,ofcourse,un-Americantothinkintermsoffalsegoals.Wedo,however,seemtobededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytohappiness.WeshallallhavemadeittoHeavenwhenwepossessenough.

AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericanbusinessarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy.Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem—andtocreatethemfasterthananyone'sbudgetcansatisfythem.Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.

Lookatanyofthemagazinesthatcatertowomen.Thereadvertisingbeginsasartandslogansinthefrontpagesandendsaspillsandtherapyinthebackpages.Theartatthefrontillustratesthedreamofperfectbeauty.Thisisthebabyskinthatmustbehers.This,theperfumedbreathshemustbreatheout.This,thesixteen-year-oldfigureshemustdisplayatforty,atfifty,atsixty,andforever.ThisistheharnessintowhichMothermuststrapherselfinordertodisplaythatperfectfigure.Thisisthecreamthatrestoresskin,thesearethetabletsthatmeltawayfataroundthethighs,andthesearethepillsofperpetualyouth.

Obviouslynoreasonablepersoncanbecompletelypersuadedeitherbysuchartorbysuchpillsanddevices.Yetsomeoneisobviouslytryingtobuythisdreamandspendingbillionseveryyearintheattempt.Clearlythehappiness-marketisnotrunningoutofcustomers,butwhatisittheyaretryingtobuy?

Definingthemeaningof“happiness”isaperplexingproposition:thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideaandthenworktowardsthemiddle.Tothinkofhappinessasachievingsuperiorityoverothers,livinginamansionmadeofmarble,havingawardrobewithhundredsofoutfits,willdotosetthegreedyextreme.

Fromthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassagewemayinferthat（）.

In“advertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem”(Line2,Para.3),“them”refersto（）.

Intheauthor’sview,buyingthingsisregardedas（）.

Itisimpliedbytheauthorthatthemagazinesare（）.

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

问题1选项

A.theUSConstitutiongivespeopletherighttopursuehappiness

B.Americanpeopleareatalossashowtogainhappiness

C.JonathanSwiftdidnotbelieveinhappinessitself

D.Americanpeopletendtobuytheirhappiness

问题2选项

A.people’sdesires

B.advertisements

C.varioussensesofhappiness

D.theforcesofAmericanbusiness

问题3选项

A.apatrioticduty

B.supportingthenationaleconomy

C.somethingaddictingustogreed

D.beingtakeninbyadvertising

问题4选项

A.sheerartandslogans

B.fulloflureanddeception

C.veryusefulforprofessionalwomen

D.useless,likecream,tabletsandpills

问题5选项

A.Thepursuitofhappiness

B.Therighttopursuehappiness

C.ThefalsegoalsofAmericanpeople

D.Themisguidingforceofadvertising

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据原文前两段的内容可知，美国宪法赋予美国人民追求幸福的权利，但似乎谁也说不清幸福跑到哪里去了。JonathanSwift提出了虚假目标的说法，但这种说法不是美国式思维。然而，我们（美国人）似乎执迷于花钱买幸福的理念。由此可知，选项D符合原文。

2.语义推断题。根据题干关键信息定位到第三段句意“广告的存在不是为了满足欲望，而是为了创造欲望。”由此可知，这里的“them”指代的是前半部分提到的“desire”。所以选项A正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.这样一来，我们的整个经济就是建立在使我们沉迷于贪婪的基础上的。甚至有人告诉我们，通过购买东西来支持国家经济是我们的爱国义务。”由此可知，作者认为购物是使我们沉迷于贪婪的东西，所以选项C正确。

4.判断推理题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者提及，现在的杂志为了迎合女性的口味，开头的几页广告都是艺术和口号，到了结尾的几页就都变成了药丸和疗法。由此可知，作者认为杂志充满了诱惑和欺骗，选项B符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。结合原文内容可知，前两段作者提及美国人追寻不到幸福的方向，而且倾向于花钱买幸福；接着作者讲到了人们是如何花钱来购买幸福的案例；最后作者指出幸福很难定义，关键在于个人如何看待。由此可知，本文主要是围绕着追寻幸福这一话题展开，所以选项A正确。

11.单选题

African-Americanfilmmakersshouldbeinanenviableposition,forsincetheearly1990stherehasbeenasteadywaveoflowbudgetblackfilmswhichhaveturnedasolidprofitduetoaverystrongresponseintheAfrican-Americancommunityandalargercrossoveraudiencethananticipated.Anyrationalbusinessmanagerwouldnowidentifythissectorasaprimecandidateforexpansion,butifthefilmshavedonesowellwithlimitedproductionandmarketingcosts,whyhavetheynotreceivedfullscalesupport?

Manyanalystsfeelthebusinessisengulfedinamiasmaofself-servingandself-fulfillingmythsbasedontheunspokenassumptionthatAfrican-Americanfilmscanneverbevehiclesofprestige,glamour,orcelebrity.Therelationshipplayershaveconvincedthemselvesthatblackfilmscandoonlyalimiteddomesticbusinessunderanycircumstanceandhavevirtuallynoforeignboxofficepotential.Asexecutiveswhonowcontrolthefilmindustrygrewupinthosedecadeswhentherewerefewblackimagesonthescreenandthosethatdidexistwereproducedbyfilm-makerswithlimitedknowledgeoftheblackcommunity,itislittlewonderthattheyavoidideologicalissues,andseektocontinuemakingfilmsthattheyarecomfortablewithbyavoidingthenegativeimageryoffilmstheywouldprefertoeschewentirely.

AlsotoblameforthisdeleteriousphenomenonarelegionsofdesperateandMachiavellianAfrican-Americanfilmproducers,directors,andwriterswhowouldtransformTheBirthofaNationintoablackmusicalaslongasitwouldprovidethemwithgainfulstudioemployment.Thesefilmmakersnotonlyperpetuatenegativestereotypesintheirfilms,buttheyalsoseasonthemwithasprinklingofAfrican-Americanauthenticity.Thissituationwouldbeonerousenough,giventheeconomicexploitationofthecommunityinvolved;unfortunatelythesefilmsalsovalidatethepathologiestheydepict.TheconstantprojectionoftheblackcommunityasakindofurbanWildKingdom,theglamorizationoftragicsituations,andthecelebrationofinnercitydrugdealersandgangstershasaprogrammingeffectonblackyouth.ThepowerofmusicinfilmisaparticularlyseductiveandpropagandisticforcewhichintherecentcropofAfrican-Americanfilmshasrarelybeenusedinapositivesocialmanner.

Whatflowsfromthiscombinationoffactorsisapolicyofmarketexploitationratherthanmarketdevelopment,evidencedbythefactthatanynumberoffilmsmayopento1,500screensinoneweek,onlytototallydisappearinlessthanamonth.Thisrestrictedbodyoffilmproductserodesthegenre’slong-termviability,particularlywiththemoreficklenon-African-Americanaudiencesandforeignaudiences.Furthermore,whenAfrican-Americanactorsbegintoemergeasstars,theirprojectsareusuallydesignedtobe“more”thanablackfilm,suchthatanysuccessthatfollowsisthereforeperceivednotasareflectionoftheviabilityofAfrican-Americanfilmmakingbutasthebroaderpursuitofcelebrity.

36.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainpurposeofthepassage?

37.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingischaracteristicofAfrican-Americanfilmsbeingproducedatpresent,EXCEPT（）.

38.Accordingtothepassage,filmindustryexecutiveshavebeenreluctanttosupportAfrican-Americancinemaforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

39.ItmaybeinferredthattheauthorofthepassageconsidersTheBirthofaNationtobe（）.

40.Accordingtotheauthor,African-AmericansfilmmakershavefailedtotakewhichofthefollowingstepsinproperlypromotingAfrican-Americancinema?

问题1选项

A.TocontrasttheconditionofAfrican-Americancinemawiththatofmainstreamcinema

B.ToprovideaneconomicexplanationfortheunpopularityofAfrican-Americancinema

C.TocriticizetheassumptionsmainstreamaudiencesallegedlymaketowardAfrican-Americancinema

D.TocataloguetheattitudesandpracticesresponsiblefortheunpopularityofAfrican-Americancinema

问题2选项

A.long-termviabilityasagenreinwhichaudienceskeepaconsistentinterest

B.successinattractingaudiencesoutsidetheAfrican-Americancommunity

C.atendencytoglamorizetheproblemsexistinginAfrican-Americanurbancommunities

D.alimitedlevelofauthenticityintermsoftheirpresentationofAfrican-Americanculture

问题3选项

A.ExecutivesbelievethatAfrican-Americanaudiencesareoftenrepelledbythepresentationofideologicalissuesinfilm.

B.ExecutivesconcludethatAfrican-Americancinemaisnotlikelytoattractaudiencesoverseas.

C.ExecutivesareoftheopinionthatAf