考研考博-英语-南京航空航天大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京航空航天大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

TheplanetVenus,likeEarth,spinsonitsown（）asitorbitstheSun.

问题1选项

A.splinter

B.index

C.axis

D.trace

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项splinter“碎片”；B选项index“指数”；C选项axis“轴线”；D选项trace“痕迹”。句意：金星和地球一样，绕着太阳公转，也绕着自己的轴心自转。本句表示自转轴。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Inspiteofthetaxingbusinessschedule,hemanagedtotakesometimeoffforexercise.

问题1选项

A.imposing

B.demanding

C.compulsory

D.temporary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。taxing表示“费力的”；A项imposing“壮观的”，B项demanding“苛求的，吃力的”，C项compulsory“义务的”，D项temporary“暂时的”。句意：尽管业务繁忙，他还是抽出时间锻炼身体。根据句意可知B项正确。

3.单选题

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.

Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.

What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.

Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.

1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?

4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Byitssustainability.

B.Byitsimpactontheenvironment.

C.Byitsproductivity.

D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth.

问题2选项

A.localizedpollution

B.competitionfromoverseas

C.theshrinkingoffarmland

D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.

B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.

C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

问题4选项

A.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts.

B.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges.

C.Itwillabandontraditionalfarmingpractices.

D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment.

问题5选项

A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment.

B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.

D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.（在农业领域尤其如此，可持续发展往往被视为进步的唯一衡量标准，而没有从历史和文化的角度进行适当的评价。）因此可持续发展就是人们衡量农业进步的指标，A选项“通过它的可持续性正确”。B选项“通过它对环境的影响”；C选项“通过它的生产力”；D选项“通过它对于经济发展的贡献”这三项都不是文章认为的观点。

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields...However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.（来自海外的竞争促使农民专业化并提高产量。在这一时期，食品变得更便宜、更安全、更可靠。然而，这些变化也导致了栖息地的丧失和生物多样性的减少。）也就是说这些使农民专业化并且增加产量的手段使得物种生物性减少，因此D选项“生物多样性的减少”正确。A选项“局部污染”这个是原文所没有提及的；B选项“来自海外的竞争”这个是造成物种多样性减少的根本原因，因果颠倒；C选项“农田的萎缩”原文并没有明确提及。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第三段第三句话Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.（例如，我们需要摆脱认为传统做法不可避免的比新做法更具可持续性的想法。）也就是说传统做法并不比新做法具有持续性，因此C选项“它们不一定是可持续的”正确。A选项“它们几个世纪以来一直保持不变”原文未提及；B选项“它们没有跟上人口增长的步伐”，不符合原文；D选项“它们是环保的”与原文相悖。

4.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第三段第一、二句话Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.（所有这些都意味着，21世纪的农业将与20世纪截然不同。这需要激进的思维。）激进的思维将会带来根本性的改变，根据这句话可以得出B选项“它将经历根本性的变化”正确。A选项“它将提供更多的动物产品”，无关项；C选项“它将放弃传统的农业做法”，原文并没有明确的提出说是否要放弃传统农业的做法；D选项“它将对环境造成零损害”，这个是做不到的。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段提到，Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.（在农业领域尤其如此，可持续发展往往被视为进步的唯一衡量标准，而没有从历史和文化的角度进行适当的评价。）人们忽略了从历史文化的角度去合理评价它；接下来三段具体分析了人们是如何忽略的；第五段至末段提出21世纪的农业将与以前的截然不同，要求人们改变原有的农业方面的可持续发展思想。由此可知，作者主要是为了让人们重新思考什么是可持续发展的农业，因此D选项“敦促人们重新思考什么是可持续农业”。A选项“提醒人们可持续发展的需要”，是片面的信息；B选项“建议确保可持续粮食生产的方法”，只是文章中有略过，不是主旨；C选项“提出衡量农业发展的新标准”，作者并没有提出。

4.单选题

Theprisonerswhois______inchainsinacellhasbeendeprivedoffreelife.

问题1选项

A.constrained

B.refrained

C.retained

D.attained

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项constrain“驱使，强迫”，B项refrain“节制，克制”，C项retain“保留”，D项attain“取得，获得”。根据句子意思“那些用铁链……牢房里的囚犯被剥夺了生活的自由”可推断，空格处应该表示“限制，束缚”，四个选项中只有A项意思与之相近。句意：用铁链束缚在牢房里的囚犯被剥夺了自由生活。因此，该题选择A项正确。

5.单选题

ItisincongruousthatthenumberofBritishinstitutionsofferingMBAcoursesshouldhavegrownby254percentduringaperiodwhentheeconomyhasbeenslidingintodeeperrecession.Optimists,orthosegiventospeed,assumptions,mightthinkitmarveloustohavesucharesourceofbusinessschoolgraduatesreadyfortherecovery.Unfortunately,thereisnowmuchdoubtaboutthevalueofthedegreenotleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves,sufferingastheyarefromtheeffectsofrecessionandfacingtheprospectofshrinkingmanagementstructures.

Whatwastakensomeyearsagoasaticketofcertainadmissiontosuccessisnowbeingexposedtothescrutinyofcost-consciousemployerswhoseek“can-dos”ratherthan“might-dos”,andwhofeelthatacademiahasnotbeensufficientlyappreciativeoftheneedsofindustryoroftheemployers’possiblecontribution.

Itiscurious,giventhenameofthedegree,thatthereshouldbenoleaguetableforUKbusinessschools;nounanimityaboutwhatthedegreeshouldencompass;andnoagreedsystemofaccreditation.Surelythereissomethingwrong.Onewonderswhereallthetutorsforthismassiveinfusionofbusinessexpertisecamefromandwhyallthismushroomingtookplace.

Perhapscompaniesthatmadelargeinvestmentswouldhavebeenwisertoinvestinalreadyexistingmanagers,perchedanxiouslyontheirowninternalladders.TheInstituteofManagement’s1992survey,whichrevealedthateighty-onepercentofmanagersthoughttheypersonallywouldbemoreeffectiveiftheyreceivedmoretraining,suggeststhatthismightbethecase.Thereis,too,thefactthattrainingalonedoesnotmakesuccessfulmanagers.Theyneedtheinherentqualificationsofcharacter;adegreeofself-subjugation;and,aboveall,theabilitytocommunicateandlead;moresonow,whenempowermentisabuzzwordthatisatleastgeneratinggenuflexions,ifnottotalconviction.

Onecaneasilythinkofpeople,somecomparativelyunlettered,whoarenowlaudedcaptainsofindustry.Wemay,therefore,notneedtobetooconcernedaboutthefallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplaces,oreventhedoubtaboutMBAs.Theproliferationandsubsequentquestioningmayhavebeenaninevitableevolution.IftheManagementCharterInitiative,nowexploringtheintroductionofaseniormanagementqualification,issuccessful,therewillbeapowerfulcorrective.

Webelievenowthatmanagementisallaboutchange.Onehopestherewillbesomeofthatinrelationshipbetweenmanagementandsciencewithinindustry,currentlycausingconcernandwhichisoverdueforattention.No-onedoubtsthatweneedmorescientistsandinnovationtogiveusanedgeinanincreasinglycompetitiveworld.Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervaluedandunder-used,workinginindustrialghettos,thatisnotapromisingauguryforthefuture.Itseemswehavetoresolvethesemisapprehensionsbetweenscienceandindustry.Aboveall,wehavetomakesurethatmanagementisnotitselfsmugaboutitsstatusandthatitdoesnotissuemissionstatementsaboutcommunicationwithoutrealizingthattheessenceofitisadialogue.Moreempowermentisrequiredandweshouldstrivetoachieveit.

21.Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?

22.Accordingtothepassage,employers______.

23.Accordingtothepassage______.

24.Inthewriter’sopinion______.

25.Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.

问题2选项

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneeds

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualification

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselves

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructures

问题3选项

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicate

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessful

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskills

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowriteletters

问题4选项

A.scienceincreasescompetition

B.scientistsareundervalued

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessment

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatus

问题5选项

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining.

B.Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability.

C.TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAs.

D.CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefromrecruitingMBAsratherthaninvestingintheirownstaff.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】21.【选项释义】

21.Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?21.阅读文章可知，作者的观点是什么？

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.A.他认为，工商管理学硕士太多了。

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.B.他认为这个学位被高估了。

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.C.他认为标准是不一致的。

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.D.他认为这个学位的价值值得怀疑。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第三段首句“关于学位的名称，英国商学院竟然没有排行榜，这很奇怪；关于学位应该包括哪些内容，没有达成一致意见；也没有公认的认证体系。”，由此可知，作者认为MBA的标准是不一致的，所以C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A选项“他认为，工商管理学硕士太多了”、B选项“他认为这个学位被高估了”和D选项“他认为这个学位的价值值得怀疑”不属于作者的观点，而是其他人的观点，张冠李戴。

22.【选项释义】

22.Accordingtothepassage,employers______.22.根据文章，雇主______。

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneedsA.觉得他们的需求没有得到充分的咨询

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualificationB.认为成本意识是最重要的资格

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselvesC.比毕业生本身更关心学位的价值

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructuresD.认为由于管理结构的萎缩，工商管理学硕士将不再必要

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】原文第一段最后一句提及“MBA毕业生受到了经济衰退的影响，并面临着管理结构萎缩的前景”，再根据第二段的内容“几年前被认为是通往成功的入场券，现在（MBA毕业生）却只能面临着注重节省成本的雇主的详细审查，这些雇主们寻求的是‘能够做的人’而不是‘可能做的人’，并且他们认为学术界不能充分地满足行业的需求或雇主合理的贡献。”由此可知，由于管理结构的缩减，雇主们可能将不再需要MBA毕业生，所以D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“觉得他们的需求没有得到充分的咨询”中的consulted与原文appreciative不符合，曲解原文；

B选项“认为成本意识是最重要的资格”在文中并没有提到，无中生有；

C选项“比毕业生本身更关心学位的价值”与原文相反，雇主认为学术界并不能充分满足他们的需求，该项反向干扰。

23.【选项释义】

23.Accordingtothepassage______.23.根据文章，______。

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicateA.管理者需要学位和沟通能力

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessfulB.培训需要在小组中进行才能取得成功

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskillsC.今天的管理者必须有良好的沟通和领导能力

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowritelettersD.工业管理者不需要识字

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第四段最后一句“他们（管理者）需要内在的品质；自我征服的程度；最重要的是（aboveall）沟通和领导能力……”可知，管理者最重要的品质就是沟通和领导能力。因此，C选项符合原文，所以正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“管理者需要学位和沟通能力”中的degree与原文不符，曲解原文；

B选项“培训需要在小组中进行才能取得成功”并没有提到，无中生有；

D选项“工业管理者不需要识字”文中虽然提到一些被誉为工业领袖的人不太识字，但这并不意味着工业管理人员不需要认字，曲解原文。

24.【选项释义】

24.Inthewriter’sopinion______.24.根据作者的观点，______。

A.scienceincreasescompetitionA.科学提高竞争

B.scientistsareundervaluedB.科学家们被低估

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessmentC.科学的管理需要重新评估

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatusD.管理层对自己的地位沾沾自喜

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段第三句“毫无疑问，我们需要更多的科学家和创新，让我们在竞争日益激烈的世界中占据优势。”由此可知，科学能够促进竞争，所以选项A正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“科学家们被低估”在最后一段第四句有提及：如果（If）科学家们觉得自己在工业贫民区工作是被低估和未充分发挥作用的，这对未来来说不是一个有希望的预兆；if是条件句，可知是假设，所以B选项曲解原文；

C选项“科学的管理需要重新评估”没有提到，无中生有；

D选项“管理层对自己的地位沾沾自喜”定位最后一段倒数第二句“最重要的是，我们必须确保管理层本身不会对自己的地位沾沾自喜……”可知，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。

25.【选项释义】

25.Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?25.根据文章，哪些信息是正确的？

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining.A.大多数接受采访的经理认为，他们的同事需要更多的培训。

B.Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability.B.现在的雇主更看重的是经验而不是潜在的能力。

C.TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAs.C.管理宪章计划是对工商管理硕士课程标准化的一次尝试。

D.CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefromrecruitingMBAsratherthaninvestingintheirownstaff.D.企业本可以从招聘工商管理硕士而不是投资于自己的员工中获益更多。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】原文第二段第一句中提及“这些注重节省成本的雇主们寻求的是‘能够做的人’而不是‘可能做的人’”；也就是说，现在的雇主看重的是实际的经验，而不是潜在的能力。所以选项B符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“大多数接受采访的经理认为，他们的同事需要更多的培训”定位第四段第二句“管理学院1992年的调查显示，81%的经理认为，如果他们接受更多的培训，他们个人的工作效率就会更高”，其中“他们”指的是managers，并不是同事，该项曲解原文；

C选项“管理宪章计划是对工商管理硕士课程标准化的一次尝试”定位第五段最后一句“如果正在探索引进高级管理人员资格的管理宪章计划获得成功，将会有一个强有力的纠正措施”，从中可知，管理宪章计划是纠正措施，并不是课程标准化的尝试，曲解原文；

D选项“企业本可以从招聘工商管理硕士而不是投资于自己的员工中获益更多”定位第四段第一句“或许，进行大规模投资的公司更明智的做法是投资于已经存在的、焦虑地坐在自己内部位置上的经理人”可知，企业更愿意投资于自己的员工，该项反向干扰。

6.单选题

PelerEigen,65-year-old,chairmanofTransparencyInternational,theglobalanti-corruptionwatchdog,isproudofalargephotographonhisofficewall.ItpictureshimalongsideMwaiKibaki,theKenyanpresident,andJamesWolfensohn,presidentoftheWorldBank.

Thepicture,takenshortlyafterMr.Kibaki’sinaugurationinJanuary,showsthethreemeninfriendlydiscussionatameetinginNairobi,theKenyancapital.“ThisphotoisveryspecialbecauseitshowshowfarTransparencyInternationalhascomesincewesetitup10yearsago，”saysMr.Eigenwithasmile.

Beforeleadingagroupoffriendsin1993toformTIinaone-roomBerlinoffice,Mr.EigenworkedattheWorldBankfor25years.HisfinalpositionwasseniorprogrammemanagerineastAfrica,basedinNairobi.（1）“Iwastoldthatfightingcorruptionwasnotpartofthebank’smandate,”hesays.

ThisledhimtoleaveKenyaandthebankandstartcampaigning.

Thepictureshowshowthingshavecomefullcircle.

（2）

About60peopleworkinthehead-quartersinwestBerlin.TI’sannualCorruptionPerceptionsIndex,rankingnationalcorruptionlevels,hasbecomeabenchmarkformanygovernments.

（3）

“Thiswouldhavebeenunthinkable”afewyearsago,Mr.Eigensays.

Aseriesofclosed-doormeetingsinthemid-1990sinBerlinwithchiefexecutivesfromleadingGermanmultinationalslaidthegroundworkforinternationalaction.“Wemovedtheexecutivesfrombeingdefensivetoadmittingthattherewasabigproblem.

（4）

“

Ti’ssolutionwasjointpressurefromthecompaniesonthegovernmenttosigntheOECDconventionagainstbribe-payingand,later,thesigningofagreementsbetweencompaniesnottousebriberytowincontracts.

（5）

Mr.EigenarguesthatTPsapproach,basedon“buildingcoalitions,notonconfrontation,”hasbroughtresults.

问题1选项

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

问题2选项

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

问题3选项

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

问题4选项

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

问题5选项

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:E

第4题:B

第5题:F

【解析】1.联系上下文。空格句子的前句提及PeterEigen曾经的职务，后句提及反腐并

不是银行的工作。结合前后文可以判断，空格处句子应含有corruption和bank这样的单词。选项D符合条件。

2.分析原文第五段的内容可知，本段内容主要是关于TI公司的发展现状。选项A与段落意思一致。

3.联系上下文。空格前一句讲到了公司提供的年度腐败指数成为很多政府的基准。后一句提到这在几年前还难以置信。前后两句都是谈论的公司影响力。由此可知，空格处句子也应该与公司影响有关。选项E中提及公司的反腐已经提上世界日程，包括联合国。符合语境。

4.联系上下文。空格前一句中提到“abigproblem”，接下来的内容就与这一重要问题相关。选项B中的thencametheimportantproblem与前文遥相呼应。

5.联系上下文。空格后一句提及公司的策略(approach)是公司之间的合作(coalitions),

而非对抗。空格所在句中应出现approach这一单词，选项F中的workingclose与coalition呼应。

7.单选题

TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive"attachment"periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild'spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby'sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.

Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.

Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotbesowidespreadtodayifparents,caretakersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicated

andcontroversial.

Thirdly,inthelastdecade,therehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren'sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.

ButBowlby’sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-cut,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.

1.Thephrase“predisposeto”(Para.1,line2)mostprobablymeans（

）.

2.AccordingtoBowlby’sanalysis,itisquitepossiblethat

（

）.

3.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthesecondparagraphthat

（

）.

4.Thewriterconcludesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.leadto

B.disposeto

C.getinto

D.tendtosuffer

问题2选项

A.children’spersonalitieswillbechangedtosomeextentthroughseparationfromtheirparents.

B.earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren.

C.childrenwillbeexposedtomanynegativeeffectsfromearlydaycarelateron.

D.somelong-termeffectscanhardlybereducedfromchildren’sdevelopment.

问题3选项

A.traditionalsocietiesseparatethechildfromtheparentatanearlyage.

B.Childreninmodernsocietiescausemoretroublesthanthoseintraditionalsocieties.

C.AchilddidnotlivetogetherwithhisparentsamongtheNgoni.

D.Childreninsomesocietiesdidnothaveemotionalproblemswhenseparatedfromtheparents

问题4选项

A.itisdifficulttomakeclearwhatistherightagefornurseryschool

B.itisnotsettlednowwhetherearlycareisreasonableforchildren

C.itisnotbeneficialforchildrentobesenttonurseryschool

D.itisreasonabletosubjectachildabovethreetonurseryschool

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由第一段mayscarachild’spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.可能对孩子的个性造成创伤，并且孩子在往后的生活容易出现情感问题。由and前面的“可能对孩子的个性造成创伤”可知and后面的内容性质与其一致，都是说的孩子过早的与父母分离会造成的问题。leadto导致；disposeto处置；getinto进入，陷入；tendtosuffer容易遭受。故只有D项符合句意。

第2题:细节事实题。由“ButBowlby’sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.但是，鲍尔比的分析提出了一种可能性，即早期日托有延迟效应。这种治疗可能会在15年或20年后导致更多的精神疾病或犯罪，这种可能性只能通过统计数据来探索。”可知C项正确，答案C。

第3题:判断推理题。定位到第二段第一句“anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.人类学家指出，在现代社会中发现的孩子与父母之间绝缘的爱情，在传统社会中通常不存在。”及“Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone-farfromit.例如，我们早些时候看到，在Ngoni族中，孩子的父亲和母亲并不是独自抚养他们的孩子——远非如此。”可推知“传统社会在早年将小孩和父母分开”是第二段中暗示但却没有阐明的。故答案选A

第4题:判断推理题。“Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.在三岁或三岁半的时候，几乎所有的孩子都发现过渡到托儿所很容易，这无疑是为什么越来越多的父母在这个时候把孩子送到托儿所的原因。”可知作者认为三岁以上的孩子上幼儿园是合理的。答案选D

8.单选题

Thepolicehaveofferedalarge（

）forinformationleadingtotherobber’sarrest.

问题1选项

A.award

B.compensation

C.prize

D.reward

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。句意:为抓捕逃犯提供信息，警方将高额赏金。

award奖金，奖学金，通常与一段时间的成绩和表现相关；compensation补偿，赔偿，一般与损失相关；prize奖赏，奖金，一般与竞赛或比赛相关；reward报酬，奖赏，一般与劳动、服务、支持和帮助相关。

9.单选题

I’msureheisuptothejob（

）hewouldgivehismindtoit.

问题1选项

A.ifonly

B.until

C.incase

D.unless

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。A选项ifonly“如果”；B选项until“直到……才”；C选项incase“万一”；D选项unless“除非”。根据从句意思“只要他用心，他是能胜任这份工作的”，可知空格部分表示意思是“假如，如果”，句意为：我相信只要他用心，他是能胜任这份工作的。故正确答案选A。

10.单选题

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagers