考研考博-英语-华南理工大学广州学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华南理工大学广州学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Someareasofthemoonaresofullofcraters（）anextremelyroughsurface.

问题1选项

A.thattheypresent

B.presenting

C.whichpresent

D.topresent

【答案】C

【解析】考查从句。空格后anextremelyroughsurface（极其粗糙的表面）是修饰空格前名词craters（火山口），句意：月球的某些区域充满了环形山，呈现出极其粗糙的表面。因此C选项正确，构成定语从句，从句的引导词which在定语从句中做主语；A选项代入后成为同位语从句，同位语从句是解释说明之前的词，在这里不符合句意；现在分词作后置定语表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作，表示被修饰名词的特征，B选项排除；动词不定式修饰物表示某物要做某事，D选项排除；因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir（

）destinationisRome.

问题1选项

A.ultimate

B.prime

C.next

D.cardinal

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。ultimate“最终的”；prime“主要的，最好的”；next“其次的”；cardinal“主要的，基本的”。句意：他们要去伦敦，但他们最终的目的是罗马。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Hisfameprovedtobeaflashinthepan—hisfirstbookwaspopularbuthehasn’twrittenanything（

）since.

问题1选项

A.innovative

B.descriptive

C.intangible

D.intelligible

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词辨析。innovative“创新的”；descriptive“描述的”；intangible“无形的，难以琢磨的”；intelli“容易理解的”。句意：他的名气犹如昙花一现——他的第一本书很畅销，但之后再也没有写出有新意的东西。选项A符合句意。

4.单选题

Conveniencefoodswhicharealreadypreparedforcookingareavailableingrocerystores.

问题1选项

A.ready

B.approachable

C.probable

D.obtainable

【答案】D

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项ready“准备好的，现成的，迅速的”；B选项approachable“可接近的，可到达的，易理解的”；C选项probable“很可能的，可信的”；D选项obtainable“能得到的，能获得的”。句意：现成的方便食品可以在杂货店买到。Available“可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的”，所以D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Ifthefirealarmissounded,allresidentsarerequestedto___inthecourtyard.

问题1选项

A.converge

B.assemble

C.crowd

D.accumulate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项converge“聚集（从不同的方向走向一个地方并相遇）；靠拢；收敛”；B选项assemble“集合，聚集；装配；收集（作为一个团体聚集在一起或者把人或事物作为一个团体聚集在一起）”；C选项crowd“挤满；逼近（某人）；聚集（站得很近以至于使某人感到不舒服或紧张）；（想法或观点）塞满脑子；催促（因而使人生气或不快）”；D选项accumulate“累积；积聚（在一段时间内逐渐得到越来越多某物）”。句意：如火警响起，请所有居民在庭院___。本句表达“火灾发生的话请所有居民作为一个团体聚集在庭院”，因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Withtheburgeoningofscientificknowledge,workontheneweditionofatextbookbeginssoonaftercompletionoftheoriginal.

问题1选项

A.emerging

B.culminating

C.limiting

D.developing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：随着科学知识的迅速发展，在原教科书完成后不久，就开始编写新版本的教科书。A选项emerging“走向成熟的，新兴的”；B选项culminating“达到顶点，告终”；C选项limiting“限制的，局限的”；D选项developing“发展中的”。burgeoning意为“迅速发展的，繁荣的”，选项A与之意思最为相近，代入符合语境。

7.单选题

Rosaisquietandintroverted(内向的),andsheobjectsto______herlivingroomwithdozensofpeopleintheapartment.

问题1选项

A.share

B.sharing

C.havingshared

D.haveshared

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：罗莎安静内向，她不喜欢和公寓里的几十个人一起住在自己的客厅里。objecttodoingsth.是固定搭配，表示“反对做某事”，排除A,D。C选项havingshared是完成时，和题干句子时态不符，排除C。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

HistorianshavelongknownthatthereweretwosidestothePopulistmovementofthe1890s:aprogressiveside,embodyingtheprotestsofformersagainstbigbusiness,andadarkerside,markedbyadistrustofEasterners,immigrants,andintellectuals.Inthe1950s,oneschoolofU.S.socialthinkersconstructedaparallelbetweenthisdarksideofPopulismandthecontemporaryanti-CommunistcrusadespearheadedbyWisconsinSenatorJosephMcCarthy,whichattackedliberalism,Easternintellectuals,andcivillibertiesingeneral.ToSeymourMartinLipset,McCarthyismrepresented“thesourdregsofPopulism”;toEdwardShils,McCarthyism,likePopulism,exemplified“theambiguousAmericanimpulsetoward4directdemocracy.

NothingthatMcCarthyismandPopulismhadbothfoundtheirstrongestsupportintheagrarianMidwest,

LipsetarguedthatvoterswhobackedagrarianprotestmovementsduringearliereconomiccriseshadsupportedMcCarthyinthepost-WorldIIperiodofprosperity.IntheeyesofwriterslikeLipset,theappealofMcCarthyismextendedbeyondtheagrarianbaseofPopulismtoincludeurbangroupssuchasindustrialworkers.Lipsetclaimedthat“thelowerclasses,especiallytheworkers”hadbackedMcCarthy.Inamoresweepingfashion,LewisFeuerclaimedthat“itwastheAmericanlowerclass...whogavetheiroverwhelmingsupporttotheattacksinrecentyearsincivilliberties.”

Writingafewyearslater,politicalscientistMichaelPaulRoginchallengedthesesuperficiallyplausiblenotions,contendingthattheymerelyembodiedthewriters,ownassumptionsaboutthesupposedintoleranceoflowerclassgroups,ratherthanavalidinterpretationofMcCarthyism.Rogincriticallyexaminedtheirassertionsbythesimplemethodoftestingthemagainsttheevidence.HetestedLipset’sclaimsaboutthecontinuityofMcCarthyismandearlieragrarianprotestmovementsbybreakingdownstatewidevotingstatisticsonacounty-by-countybasis.HefoundthatWisconsincountiesthathadvotedstronglyforProgressivesbeforeWorldWarIIdidnotsupportMcCarthy;McCarthy’ssupportwasconcentratedinhishomeregionandinethnicGermanareasthathadbeentraditionallyconservative.TheoldProgressivevotehadinfactgonetoMcCarthy’sopponents,theDemocrats.

TotestLipset’sgeneralizationsaboutMcCarthy’ssupportamongclassgroups,Roginattemptedtodeterminewhetherindustrialworkershad,infact,backedMcCarthy.Correlatingincomeandemploymentstatisticswithvotingrecords,RoginfoundthatthegreatertheemploymentinindustryinagivenWisconsincounty,thelowerwasMcCarthy’sshareofthevote.Roginconcludedthatthethesisof“McCarthyismasPopulism”shouldbejudged“notastheproductofsciencebutasa...ventureintoconservativepoliticaltheory.’’

1.TheauthorwouldprobablyassertthePopulismandMcCarthyism（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredthatRogin’smostseriouscriticismofLipset,Feuer,andShils’smethodologywouldprobablybethatthey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,RoginconcludedthatthewritingsofLipset,ShilsandFeuer（）.

4.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

问题1选项

A.werecompletelyoppositeincharacter

B.wereresponsesto,respectively,agrarianandindustrialconditions

C.wereessentiallydissimilarmovementsthatsharedsomecommonfeatures

D.eachhadbothaprogressiveandadarkerside

问题2选项

A.reachedincorrectconclusionsaboutMcCarthy

B.failedtoexaminetheevidencethatcouldsupportorweakentheirconclusions

C.equatedsupportforMcCarthyismwithanti-intellectualism

D.placedtoomuchemphasisonthedualcharacterofPopulism

问题3选项

A.intentionallydistortedhistoricalevidence

B.wereflawedbypoliticalpresuppositions

C.lentsupporttoattackoncivilliberties

D.weremarkedbyanti-intellectualbias

问题4选项

A.discoveriesdescribinganinstanceofflawedhistoricalanalysis

B.advocatingtheuseofstatisticalmethodsinhistoricalresearch

C.examiningthesimilaritiesbetweentwopoliticalmovements

D.explainingwhyhistoricalconclusionsshouldberevisedaccordingtolaterrevelations

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容，二十世纪五十年代，美国社会思想家将民粹主义的阴暗面和反共产主义运动进行相提并论和比较，说明是有共同之处的，选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，罗金对李普塞特、福伊尔和希尔斯的方法论进行了验证，最严厉的批评是，二者都没有对自己的观点给出证据。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，罗金的总结是，麦卡锡主义不应该被判定为科学的产物，而是一种保守政治理论。选项B符合题意。

4.主旨题。作者首先提出了麦卡锡主义和民粹主义理论，接着提出罗金对他们方法论做出了验证，最后表明将麦卡锡主义比作民粹主义的理论不应被判定为科学的产物，而是一种政治领域的探索。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Complacencyhasledtosomeappallingecological（

）.

问题1选项

A.damages

B.tragedies

C.catastrophes

D.dangers

【答案】C

【解析】查名词辨析。damage意为“损害、毁坏”等时，是不可数名词，意为“价钱、费用”时，是可数名词，意为“赔偿费”时，必须用其复数形式。tragedy意为“悲剧，惨剧”；catastrophe意为“灾难，灾祸”；danger意为“危险”，泛指“危险”时，danger是不可数名词,指具体的“危险、危险物、可能造成损伤、疼痛等的人”时，是可数名词。

句意：自满导致了一些可怕的生态灾难。

10.单选题

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（

）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

问题1选项

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.shoulder

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。turnmybackonsomeone意为对某人不理睬。

11.单选题

Basicresearchprovidesthe（

）fundofscientificknowledge,onwhichtheappliedresearchersdrawtogivesocietyarichrateofinterest.

问题1选项

A.capital

B.endowed

C.enhanced

D.initiative

【答案】A

【解析】句意:基础研究为科学知识提供了资本基金，应用研究人员从中提取资本基金后以高利率回报社会。

形容词辨析。Capitalfund资本基金;endowedfund捐助基金;enhancedfund增强型基金;initiativefund项目基金。因此A符合句意。

12.单选题

They（

）hisclaimofinnocencewitheye-witnesstestimony

问题1选项

A.objected

B.opposed

C.contradicted

D.refuted

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。object“反对（一般与介词to搭配使用）”；oppose“反对；对抗，抗争”；contradict“反驳；否定；与······矛盾”；refute“驳斥”。句意：他们用目击者的证词来驳斥他声称自己无辜。选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer—governmentorprivate—shouldhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenandmen.However,ifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itisunlikelythatthedegreeofdiscriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikelythatdiscriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Thus,onewouldexpectthat,ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,governmentemploymentwouldhaveapositiveeffectonwomen’searningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivateemployment.TheresultsofastudybyFuchssupportthisassumption.Fuchs’resultssuggestthattheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernmentemployeeswouldbe14.6percentgreaterthantheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedexclusivelyofprivateemployees,otherthingsbeingequal.

Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,Brownselectedalargesampleofwhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe1970censusanddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.(Blackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoidpickingupearningsdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracialdisparities.)Brown’sresearchdesignwascontrolledforeducation,labor-forceparticipation,mobility,motivation,andageinordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationofthestudy’sresults.Brown’sresultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenottreatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.

OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.

Brown’sresultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuchs’argumentthatdiscriminationbyconsumershasagreaterimpactontheearningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernmentorprivateemployers.Also,thefactthatwomendobetterworkforgovernmentthanforprivateemployersimpliesthatprivateemployersarediscriminatingagainstwomen.Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminatingisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen’searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept（）

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewithaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?

3.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict（）.

4.AccordingtoBrown'sstudy,women’searningcategoriesoccurinorders,fromthehighestearningstothelowestearnings.

问题1选项

A.discriminationfromconsumersandsuppliers

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutions

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployees

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistance

问题2选项

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate:itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.

问题3选项

A.sometentativeresultsofFuchs’study

B.someexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudy

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthor

D.Fuchshypothesis

问题4选项

A.governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemployment

B.governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employment

C.privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemployment

D.privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employment

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept______.1.文中列举了除了______以外的女性个体经营者可能遇到的困难。

A.discriminationfromconsumersandsuppliersA.来自消费者和供应商的歧视

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutionsB.来自金融机构的歧视

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployeesC.获得优秀员工的问题

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistanceD.在获得政府援助方面的问题

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第三段的内容“……消费者歧视个体经营的女性。此外，自主创业的女性可能比男性更难找到好员工，并可能遭遇供应商和金融机构的歧视。”，从中可知，女性个体经营者会碰到困难包括消费者、供应商和金融机构的歧视，以及更难找到好员工，只有D项“在获得政府援助方面的问题”没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“来自消费者和供应商的歧视”、B项“来自金融机构的歧视”和C项“获得优秀员工的问题”根据解题思路可知，这三项符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewithaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?2.关于私人雇主和政府雇主对女性的歧视，下列哪个结论作者最可能同意？

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.A.私营雇主和政府雇主对女性的歧视都对妇女的收入产生了相同的影响。

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.B.私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧视，但私人雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大。

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.C.私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧视，但政府雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大。

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate;itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.D.私人雇主歧视；政府雇主也有可能歧视。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一段的第三和第四句“歧视程度的不同会导致与雇主类型有关的收入差异。根据政府和私人雇主的性质来看，私人雇主更有可能采取歧视。”可知，政府和私人雇主都有歧视，但是私人雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大，所以作者更有可能同意B项“私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧视，但私人雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大”的结论。

【干扰项排除】

A项“私营雇主和政府雇主对女性的歧视都对女性的收入产生了相同的影响”根据第一段第五句“如果女性受到歧视，与女性在私营企业就业所得相比，政府就业将对女性的收入产生积极的影响”可知，政府雇主和私营雇主对女性的收入有不同的影响，该项不符合原文，属于反向干扰；

C项“私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧视，但政府雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大”根据解题思路可知，该项不符合原文，属于反向干扰；

D项“私人雇主歧视；政府雇主也有可能歧视”，原文中提到私人雇主和政府雇主都会歧视，该项中的possible与原文不符合，属于曲解原文。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict______.3.一项对金融机构实践的研究表明，对女性自营者没有歧视，这往往与______相矛盾。

A.sometentativeresultsofFuchs’studyA.福克斯的一些初步研究结果

B.someexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudyB.布朗研究的一些明确结果

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthorC.作者提出的建议

D.Fuchs’hypothesisD.福克斯的假设

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第三段的内容“从布朗的研究结果可以推断出……自主创业的女性可能比男性更难找到好员工，并可能遭遇供应商和金融机构的歧视”可知，布朗的研究结果表明金融机构会歧视女性自营者，这与金融机构关于对女性自营者没有歧视的实践的研究相矛盾。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“福克斯的一些初步研究结果”和D项“福克斯的假设”没有提到金融机构对女性的歧视，属于张冠李戴；

C项“作者提出的建议”文中没有提及，属于无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.AccordingtoBrown’sstudy,women’searningcategoriesoccurinorders,fromthehighestearningstothelowestearnings,are______.4.根据布朗的研究，女性的收入按收入最高到最低的顺序排列，分别是______。

A.governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemploymentA.政府雇佣，个体经营，私营雇佣

B.governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employmentB.政府雇佣，私营雇佣，个体经营

C.privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemploymentC.私营雇佣，个体经营，政府雇佣

D.privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employmentD.私营雇佣，政府雇佣，个体经营

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后两句“对于男性来说，个体经营是收入最高的行业，其次是私营雇佣，政府雇佣最低。对于女性来说，这个顺序是相反的。”，从中可知，女性的收入按最高到最低的顺序与男性正好相反，那么女性的收入排列是：政府雇佣，私人雇佣，个体经营。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“政府雇佣，个体经营，私营雇佣”、C项“私营雇佣，个体经营，政府雇佣”和D项“私营雇佣，政府雇佣，个体经营”，根据解题思路可知，都不正确，属于曲解原文。

14.单选题

______theFirstWorldWar,theUnitedStatesbecamethedominantforceinthemotion-picture,industry.

问题1选项

A.Itwasduringtheadventunder

B.Withtheadventof

C.Tofollowtheadventin

D.Upontheadventat

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：随着第一次世界大战的来临，美国成为电影工业的主导力量。advent一般和介词of连用而不和under、in、at连用，B选项Withtheadventof“随着……的出现”符合语境。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Couldyou（）metotherailwaystation,please?

问题1选项

A.show

B.direct

C.lead

D.indicate

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。根据题干可知考查directsb.to“指导某人去……”。句意：你可以告诉我火车站怎么走吗？因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolor,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.

Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,it’snot.Childrenwerenotcolor-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolorswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolor,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolizedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminnatelyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.

Ihadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler(学步的儿童).Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehavior:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCookahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularizedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.

Tradepublicationscounseleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreate“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Itwasonlyafter“toddler”becamecommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences—orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.

17.Bysaying“itis...Therainbow”,theauthormeanspink（）.

18.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren’spsychologicaldevotementwasmuchinfluencedby（）.

19.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto（）.

20.Itcanbeconcludedthatgirl’sattractiontopinkseemstobe（）.

问题1选项

A.shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood

B.shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls’innocence

C.cannotexplaingirls’lackofimagination

D.cannotinfluencegirls’livesandinterests

问题2选项

A.themarketingofproductsforchildren

B.theobservationofchildren’snature

C.researchesintochildren’sbehavior

D.studiesofchildhoodconsumption

问题3选项

A.focusoninfantwearandolderkids’clothes

B.attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders

C.classifyconsumersintosmallergroups

D.createsomecommonshoppersterms

问题4选项

A.clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency

B.fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers

C.wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexperts

D.mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】17.推理判断题。定位在第一段Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls’identitytoappearance.（不是粉红本来不好，它只是彩虹的一小份而已。虽然从某个程度上来说有助于烘托女孩，但它也会不断融合女孩们对于外表的认知。）由此可推理，粉色只是在一方面烘托女孩特质，由此可知粉色只是其中的一个方面，还会有其他方面，因此A选项“不应该是少女时期的唯一代表”正确，符合题意。B选项“不应与女孩的纯真联系在一起”，根据原文Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.（然后，它表示了这种联系，甚至在两岁的孩子之间，不仅能够说明女孩是天真的，而且也能作为天真的证据。）由此可知，作者认为粉色和天真是有关联的。C选项“不能说明女孩缺乏想象力”，D选项“不能影响女孩的生活和兴趣”，均与题意不符。故选A。

18.推理判断题。定位在第三段Ihadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.（我原来没有意识到市场营销趋势对我们观念的巨大影响，比如什么是孩子的天性，包括他们的心理发展这种核心信念。）由此可以推论出市场营销可以在很大程度上影响我们对孩子的心理发展的认识。因此A选项“儿童产品的营销”正确，符合题意。B选项“对儿童天性的观察”，C选项“儿童行为研究”，D选项“儿童消费研究”均不符题意，可排除。故选A。

19.推理判断题。定位在第四段Tradepublicationscounseleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreate“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Itwasonlyafter“toddler”becamecommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.（贸易出版物给百货商场提议，要增加销售，应该在婴儿服装和儿童服装之间创造“第三过渡阶段”服装，这个词成为“蹒跚学步者”之后的常见销售术语，后来演变为人们广泛接受的孩子发展阶段。事实证明，将儿童或成人分成更小的类别是提高利润的可靠方法。）由此可知他们的建议就是细化年龄阶段来推广产品以扩大利润。因此C选项“将消费者分成更小的群体”正确，符合题意。A选项“关注婴儿服装和较大儿童服装”，B选项“对不同性别同重视”，D选项“创建一些常用术语”均不符题意，可排除。故选C。

20.推理判断题。A选项“从她们天性中能够清楚地解释出来”，定位到第二段Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,it’snot.（女孩对粉色的喜爱似乎是不可避免的，这是基因决定的，但美国研究的副教授乔•保莱蒂认为，事实并非如此。）错误。B选项“服装制造商完全理解”，定位在第三段的最后一句itwaspopularizedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.（它在20世纪30年代被服装制造商作为营销手段推广）服装制造商只会制造噱头从中谋利。错误，可排除。C选项“被心理专家解读得很好”，与题意无关，可排除。D选项“受利润驱使的商人的影响”正确，符合题意。根据原文Ihadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.（我原来没有意识到市场营销趋势对我们观念的巨大影响，比如什么是孩子的天性，包括他们的心理发展这种核心信念。）以及Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.（事实证明，将儿童或成人分成越来越小的类别是提高利润的可靠方法。）Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences—orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.（而细分市场最简单的方法之一就是放大性别差异——或者在以前不存在性别差异的地方创造出性别差异。）由此可知女生对粉色的喜爱主要是市场营销下的一种体现。故选D。

17.单选题

Humanpopulationgrowthisamenacetononhumanlifeformsonourplanet.

问题1选项

A.hindrance

B.misfortune

C.catastrophe

D.threat

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项hindrancen.障碍，妨碍；Bmisfortunen.不幸，灾祸，灾难；C选项catastrophen.大灾难，灾祸；D选项threaten.威胁，恐吓。句意：人口的增长是对地球上非人类生物生存的威胁。根据句意可知D项正确。

18.翻译题

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Thenotionthatinanimateobjectsaresubjecttotheirownexperiencemaysoundabsurd;anditis.However,thereasontodismissitisnotintuition—conditionedasthelatterisbyunexaminedculturalassumptions—butsimplelogic.（1）

Yousee,themovementfrom“consciousnessistheintrinsicnatureofthephysicalworld”to“subatomicparticlesareconscious”reliesonaflawedlogicalbridge:itattributestothatwhichexperiencesastructurediscernibleonlyintheexperienceitself.

Theconceptofsubatomicparticlesismotivatedbyexperimentswhoseoutcomesareaccessibletousonlyintheformofconsciousperception.（2）

Evenwhendelicateinstrumentationisused,theoutputofthisinstrumentationisonlyavailabletousasperception.Thoseexperimentsshowthattheimagesonthescreenofperceptioncanbedividedupintoever-smallerelements,untilwereachalimit.Atthislimit,wefindthesmallestdiscernibleconstituentsoftheimages,whicharethusakintopixels.Assuch,subatomicparticlesarethe“pixels”ofexperience,notnecessarilyoftheexperiencer.Thelatterdoesnotfollowfromtheformer.

（3）Therefore,thatlivingbodiesaremadeofsubatomicparticlesdoesnotnecessarilysayanythingaboutthestructureoftheexperiencer:abodyisitselfanimageonthescreenofperceptionandsowillnecessarilybe“pixelated”insofarasitisperceived.Suchpixilationreflectstheidiosyncrasiesofthescreenofperception,notnecessarilythestructureofthesubjectitself.Asananalogy,thepixelatedimageofapersononatelevisionscreenreflectstheidiosyncrasiesofthetelevisionscreen;itdoesnotmeanthatthepersonherselfismadeupofpixels.

Ithussubmitthatconsciousnessisindeedtheintrinsicnatureofthephysicalworld,butsubatomicparticlesandotherinanimateobjectsarenotconscioussubjects.（4）

Afterall,asFreyaMatthewspointedout,theboundariesofinanimateobjectsaremerelynominal—wheredoestheriverstopandtheoceanbegin?Whereasthoseofconscioussubjectsareunambiguouslydeterminedby,forinstance,therangeofthesubjects'internalperceptions.Soinanimateobjectscannotbeconscioussubjects.

Withinanimateobjectsexcluded,onlylivingorganismsandtheinanimateuniverseasawholecanbeconscioussubjects.Thisway,asalivingnervoussystemistheextrinsicappearanceofanorganism'sinnerexperiences,sotheinanimateuniverseasawholeistheextrinsicappearanceofuniversalinnerexperiences.Circumstantially,theinanimateuniverseatitslargestscaleshasindeedbeenfoundtostructurallyresembleanervoussystem.（5）

Underthisview,thereisnothingitfeelsliketobeaspoonorastone,forthesamereasonthatthereisnothingitfeelsliketobe—atleastasfarasyoucanassessthroughintrospection—oneofyourneuronsinandofitself.Thereisonlysomethingitfeelsliketobeyournervoussystemasawhole—thatis,you.Analogously,thereisonlysomethingitfeelsliketobetheinanimateuniverseasawhole.

【答案】1.仔细想想，从“意识是物理世界的本质”到“亚原子粒子有自由意志”的转变建立在一个有瑕疵的逻辑之上。这种有瑕疵的逻辑属于那种体验者，它将本身视作一种只有在体验中才能辨别的结构。

2.即使（在实验中）我们使用了精密的仪器，但仪器的输出结果也只能通过感知的方式获取。这些实验表明，我们的感知之屏上放映的图像可以进一步分化成更小的成分，直到不可再分。

3.因此，生命体是由亚原子粒子构成，这并不一定说明了体验者的结构。一个身体本身就是感知屏幕上的一个图像，因此只要它被感知到，就必然会被“像素化”。

4.毕竟，正如弗莱娅•马修斯所指出的那样，无生命物体的边界只是象征性的——河流止于何处，海洋源于何处?而那些有意识的主体的界限则是明确的，可以由主体的内部感知范围确定。

5.以这种观点看，没有勺子或石头的内在体验，同样，你的神经元本身也不具有什么内在体验，至少你通过自省就可以察觉到。

19.单选题

Itisnecessarythathe（

）theassignmentwithoutdelay.

问题1选项

A.handin

B.handsin

C.musthandin

D.hastohandin