考研考博-英语-华南农业大学珠江学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华南农业大学珠江学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Manychildrenoften（）whyairplanescanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.

问题1选项

A.expect

B.wonder

C.assume

D.anticipate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项expect“猜想；认为；料想”；B选项wonder“想知道，琢磨”；C选项assume“设想；承担；采取”；D选项anticipate“预期；期盼”。句意：许多孩子经常（）为什么飞机能像鸟一样飞，而我们人类不能。根据语境，wonder“想知道，琢磨”和why搭配比较合理。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Theworld（

）credittoPrinceHenry,knownasHenrytheNavigator,forthedevelopmentofcraftthatmadeoceanicexplorationpossible.

问题1选项

A.owes

B.pays

C.admits

D.gains

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。owecreditto表示“感激，归功于”。句意为：世界应感谢被称为“航海家亨利”的亨利王子，原因是他发展了海船技术，使远洋航行成为可能。选项A符合句意。

3.单选题

Mr.Smithbecamevery（）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】D选项indignant意为“愤慨的”。句意：当被指出犯了错误的时候，史密斯先生变得非常（），应选D。A选项ingenious聪明的；B选项empirical经验主义的；C选项objective客观的；D选项indignant愤慨的。D选项indignant符合句意。

4.单选题

Tallpeopleearnconsiderablymoremoneythroughouttheirlivesthantheirshorterco-workers,witheachinchaddingabout$789ayearinpay,accordingtoanewstudy.“Height（1）

careersuccess,”saidprofessorTimothyJudgeofUniversityofFlorida.“Thesefindingsaretroublinginthat,withafew（2）,suchasprofessionalbasketball,noonecouldarguethatheightissomethingessentialrequiredforjob（3）

.”Judgepointsout.

Judgeanalyzedresultsoffourlarge-scalestudiesintheU.S.andBritainthatfollowedthousandsofparticipantsfromchildhoodtoadulthood,examiningdetailsoftheirworkandpersonallives.“Ifyoutakethis（4）thecourseofa30-yearcareer,we’retalkingaboutliterallyhundredsofthousandsofdollarsofearnings（5）thatatallpersonenjoys,”Judgesaid.

Greaterheightboostedsubjectiveratingsofworkperformance—asupervisor’s（6）ofhoweffectivesomeoneis—and（7）measuresofperformance,suchassalesvolume.Beingtallmayboostself-confidence,improvingperformance.Otherpeoplemayalsogivehigher（8）andgreaterrespecttoatallperson,givingthemanedgeinnegotiatingstates,hesays.

Thecommandinginfluenceofheightmaybearemainderofourevolutionary（9）.Maybefromatimewhenhumanslivedamonganimalsandsizewasasignof（10）powerandstrengthusedwhenmaking“fightorrun”decisions.

问题1选项

A.makesout

B.mattersfor

C.takeson

D.worksin

问题2选项

A.exceptions

B.problems

C.examples

D.cases

问题3选项

A.operation

B.condition

C.performance

D.environment

问题4选项

A.on

B.to

C.with

D.over

问题5选项

A.deficiency

B.necessity

C.advantage

D.loss

问题6选项

A.evaluation

B.judge

C.decision

D.imagination

问题7选项

A.relative

B.objective

C.initiative

D.absolute

问题8选项

A.statue

B.status

C.state

D.situation

问题9选项

A.sources

B.organizations

C.origins

D.courses

问题10选项

A.asignof

B.aworkat

C.aholdon

D.atimein

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:A

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。A选项makesout“辨认出；理解；写出”；B选项mattersfor“关乎”；C选项takeson“承担；呈现”；D选项worksin“在……工作；插进；引进；掺和”。句意：身高______事业成功。前文说到个子高的人挣得比个子矮的人多，可知这里是指身高会极大地影响事业，B选项mattersfor“关乎”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

2.考查名词辨析。A选项exceptions“例外”；B选项problems“问题”；C选项examples“例子”；D选项cases“情况”。句意：这些发现令人不安的是，少数几个______，比如职业篮球运动员，没有人会说身高是工作的必要条件。身高不是工作中的必要条件，根据语境，这里填A选项exceptions“例外”比较合理，意思指除了职业篮球运动员这些特定的职业，其他没有身高要求。因此A选项正确。

3.考查形容词辨析。A选项operation“操作；经营”；B选项condition“条件；情况”；C选项performance“绩效；表现”；D选项environment“环境；外界”。句意：这些发现令人不安的是，除了少数几个例外，比如职业篮球运动员，没有人会说身高是工作______的必要条件。文章之前表达的是个子高的人挣得多，而工资和表现挂钩，所以这里C选项performance“绩效；表现”比较符合题意，意思指身高不是工作表现好的必要条件。因此C选项正确。

4.考查介词用法。A选项on“在（某一天）”；B选项to“向；朝”；C选项with“具有；和”；D选项over“在……期间”。句意：如果把这样的收入增长放到30年的职业生涯中来考虑，并把结果累加起来。根据语境，这里横线处引出后面thecourseofa30-yearcareer构成短语，D选项over“在……期间”和course搭配比较合理。因此D选项正确。

5.考查名词辨析。A选项deficiency“缺陷”；B选项necessity“必要；必需品”；C选项advantage“优势，有利条件”；D选项loss“损失”。句意：那就意味着高大的人可以享受数十万美元的收入______。根据语境，挣得多是优势，C选项advantage“优势，有利条件”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

6.考查名词辨析。A选项evaluation“评价”；B选项judge“审判员；裁判员”；C选项decision“决定”；D选项imagination“想象”。句意：较高的身高会提高别人对你工作表现的主观评价，包括上司对你工作效率的______。根据语境，这里指上司对工作效率进行评价，A选项evaluation“评价”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

7.考查形容词辨析。A选项relative“相关的”；B选项objective“客观的”；C选项initiative“初步的；基础的”；D选项absolute“绝对的；完全的”。句意：也会使衡量工作表现的______数字，比如销量有所提高。根据语境，这里像销量这样的因素是客观的，B选项objective“客观的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

8.考查形容词辨析。A选项statue“雕像”；B选项status“地位；（进展）状况”；C选项state“（某方面，某阶段的）情况”；D选项situation“（具体的）情况；处境”。句意：其他人可能也会给予高个子更高的______和更多的尊重，这使他们在谈判中具有优势。根据语境，这里是指高个子的人更容易受到尊重，B选项status“地位”比较符合题意。因此B选项正确。

9.考查名词辨析。A选项sources“来源”；B选项organizations“组织”；C选项origins“起源”；D选项courses“课程；进程”。句意：身高的重要影响可能是我们进化______的余留。根据语境，C选项origins“起源”搭配evolutionary“进化”比较合理，指的是身高的影响来自于进化起源。因此C选项正确。

10.考查固定搭配。A选项asignof“……的标志”；B选项aworkat“……的工作；作品”；C选项aholdon“……的控制；影响”；D选项atimein“在……的一段时间”。句意：也许从人类和动物生活在一起的时候起，体型就是力量和力量的______，在决定“战斗或逃跑”时使用。根据语境，这里指体型代表力量，所以A选项asignof“……的标志”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

______thatratherthanavoidcapturehepresentedhimselfattheprisongates.

问题1选项

A.Legendhasit

B.Ashaslegend

C.Legendashasit

D.Asithaslegend

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：据说，为了不被抓，他去自首了。A选项Legendhasit“据说”为固定搭配，符合题意，其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Heseeshisstudentsstrugglingbecausethelanguagetheythoughttheyknewnowappearstoconsistofabewilderingvarietyofidioms,clichesandacceptedphraseswithdifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.

问题1选项

A.thoughtless

B.ridiculous

C.puzzling

D.undesirable

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.thoughtless粗心大意的；欠考虑的B.ridiculous愚蠢的；荒谬的

C.puzzling令人迷惑的D.undesirable不受欢迎的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】bewilder作动词时，表示“使糊涂，使迷惑”，加上-ing则作形容词，表示“令人糊涂的，令人迷惑的”，C项词义与之相近，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】他看到他的学生在努力学习，因为他们认为他们已经掌握的语言现在似乎包含了令人困惑的各种成语、陈词滥调和在不同语境中具有不同含义的公认短语。

7.单选题

Whatdoesthefutureholdfortheproblemofhousing?Agooddealdepends,ofcourse,

onthemeaningof"futureIfoneisthinkingintermsofsciencefictionandthespaceage,itisatleastpossibletoassumethatmanwillhavesolvedsuchtrivialandearthlyproblemsashousing.Writersofsciencefiction,fromH.GWellsonwards,havehadlittletosayonthesubject.Theyhaveconveyedthesuggestionthatmenwillliveingreatcomfort,witheveryconceivableapparatustomakelifesmooth,healthyandeasy,ifnothappy.Buttheyhavenotsaidwhathishousewillbemadeof.Perhapssomenewbuildingmaterial,asyetunimagined,willhavebeendiscoveredorinventedatleast.Onemaybecertainthatbricksandmortarwilllonghavegoneoutoffashion.

Buttheproblemsofthenextgenerationortwocanmorereadilybeimagined.Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthatunlesssomethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworld’srapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffood(orboth),millionsofpeoplewillbedyingofstarvationoratthebestsufferingfromunderfeedingbeforethiscentur3tisout.Butnobodyhasyetworkedoutanyplanforhousingthesegrowingpopulations.Admittedlytheworstsituationswilloccurinthehottestpartsoftheworld,wherehousingcanbelightstructureorinbackwardsareaswherestandardsaretraditionallylow.Buteventheminimumshelterrequiresmaterialsofsomekindandintheteeming,bulgingtownsthelow-standard"housing1'offlattenedpetrolcansanddittycanvasisfarmorewastefulofgroundspacethancanbetolerated.

Sincethewar,HongKonghassufferedthekindofcrisiswhichislikelytoariseinmanyotherplacesduringthenextgeneration.Literallymillionsofrefugeesarrivedtoswellthealreadygrowingpopulationandemergencystepshadtobetakenrapidlytopreventsqualoranddiseaseandthespreadcrime.Thecityistacklingthesituationenergeticallyandenormousblocksoftenementsarerisingatanastonishingspeed.ButHongKongisonlyonesmallpartofwhatwillcertainlybecomeavastproblemandnotmerelyahousingproblem,becausewhenpopulationgrowsatthisratethereareaccompanyingproblemsofeducation,transport,hospitalservicesdrainage,watersupplyandsoon.NoteveryareamaygivethesameresourcesasHongKongtodrawuponandthesearchforquickerandcheapermethodsofconstructionmustnevercease.

1.Whatistheauthor’sopinionofhousingproblemsinthefirstparagraph?

2.Thewriterbelievesthatinthedistantfuture（

）.

3.Thewriterbelievesthatthebiggestproblemslikelytoconfronttheworldbeforetheendofthecentury（

）.

4.Whenthewritersaysthattheworstsituationwilloccurinthehottestpartsoftheworldorinbackwardareas,heisreferringtothefactthatintheseparts（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingsentencesbestsummarizesParagraph3?

问题1选项

A.Theymaybecompletelysolvedatsometimeinthefuture

B.Theyareunimportantandeasilydealtwith

C.Theywillnotbesolveduntilanewbuildingmaterialhasbeendiscovered

D.Theyhavebeendealtwithinspecificdetailinbooksdescribingthefuture

问题2选项

A.bricksandmortarwillbereplacedbysomeotherbuildingmaterial

B.anewbuildingmaterialwillhavebeeninvented

C.bricksandmortarwillnotbeusedbypeoplewhowanttheirhousetobefashionable

D.anewwayofusingbricksandmortarwillhavebeendiscovered

问题3选项

A.isdifficulttoforesee

B.willbehowtofeedtheevergrowingpopulation

C.willbehowtoprovideenoughhousesinthehottestpartsoftheworld

D.isthequestionoffindingenoughgroundspace

问题4选项

A.standardsofbuildingarelow

B.onlyminimumshelterwillbepossible

C.thereisnotenoughgroundspace

D.thepopulationgrowthwillbethegreatest

问题5选项

A.HongKonghasfacedaseriouscrisiscausedbymillionsofrefugees

B.HongKonghassuccessfullydealtwiththeemergencycausedbymillionsofrefugees

C.HongKong’scrisiswasnotonlyamatterofhousingbutincludedanumberofotherproblemsofpopulationgrowth.

D.ManypartsoftheworldmayhavetofacethekindofproblemsencounteredbyHongKongandmanyfinditmuchhardertodealwiththem

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段说明住房问题解决将来可以解决，所以A选项正确。但是并没有说明解决的具体时间，B不正确，但可以明确的是新的建筑材料产生。C、D与题干无关，文章中并没有论述。

2.由上一题答案可知，作者认为在不久的将来，新的建筑材料会产生，传统的砖泥混合的建筑材料将成为历史。所以A选项正确。

3.根据文章第二段第二句：Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthatunlesssomethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworld’srapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffood(orboth),科学家们已经指出，除非采取措施限制世界人口的快速增长，或者发现和开发新的食物来源(或者两者兼而有之)，确定B选项‘将如何养活不断增长的人口’符合题意。

4.根据文章第二段最后一句：Buteventheminimumshelterrequiresmaterialsofsomekindandintheteeming,bulgingtownsthelow-standard"housing1'offlattenedpetrolcansanddittycanvasisfarmorewastefulofgroundspacethancanbetolerated.但是，即使是最低限度的庇护所也需要某种材料。在拥挤、膨胀的城镇里，由压扁的汽油罐和小帆布组成的低标准“房屋”，对地面空间的浪费远远超出了人们的承受能力。可知即使小的破烂的房屋，也需要有空间，可见作者的意思是没有足够的房屋用地。C选项符合题意。

5.文章第三段，作者以香港为例说明其面临了严重的人口增长和用地紧张，其他地区也是存在着这种现象，所以D选项正确。

8.不定项选择题

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarⅡ,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil”.

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeserving,rich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’vebecome“thedisposableAmerican”,asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopianpossibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Para.5)?

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

问题1选项

A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

问题2选项

A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpected

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety

问题3选项

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.

D.HeathcareandeducationalCosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

问题4选项

A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

问题5选项

A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B.Asenseofself-fulfilment.

C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?1.约翰•肯尼斯•加尔布雷斯在他的《富裕社会》一书中提出了什么问题？

A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.A.为什么统计数据不能反映经济的真相。

B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.B.为什么富裕并不能保证幸福。

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.C.如何在今天提升幸福。

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.D.经济繁荣背后的原因。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第二、三句“为什么越来越多的财富不能带来越来越多的幸福呢？这个问题至少可以追溯到1958年约翰•肯尼斯•加尔布雷斯所著的《富裕社会》一书。”理解可知，约翰•肯尼斯•加尔布雷斯在他的《富裕社会》一书中提出了为什么越来越多的财富不能带来越来越多的幸福这个问题，B项“为什么富裕并不能保证幸福”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“为什么统计数据不能反映经济的真相”、C项“如何在今天提升幸福”和D项“经济繁荣背后的原因”都不是在《富裕社会》一书中提出的问题，这三项属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.2.加尔布雷斯认为，人们感到不满是因为______。

A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpectedA.公共支出并没有像预期的那样被削减

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevilB.政府已经被证明是必定邪恶

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepressionC.他们担心另一场大萧条

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsocietyD.现代社会物质主义泛滥成风

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“在加尔布雷斯看来，物质主义已经变得非常疯狂（materialismhadgonemad），并且会滋生不满情绪”理解可知，人们感到不满是因为物质主义泛滥，该题选择D项“现代社会物质主义泛滥成风”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“公共支出并没有像预期的那样被削减”根据第三段最后一句“与此同时，本可以让每个人生活更好的政府开支却被削减了，因为人们本能地且错误地将政府贴上了‘必定邪恶’的标签”可知，公共支出被削减了，该项属于反向干扰；

B项“政府已经被证明是一个必要的邪恶”，这只是人们为政府贴的标签，与人们不满无关，该项属于曲解原文；

C项“他们担心另一场大萧条”没有提到，该项属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?3.为什么当平均收入大幅增长时，人们会感到压力？

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.A.他们的物质追求远远超过了他们的收入。

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.B.他们的购买力随着通货膨胀而明显下降。

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.C.财富在富人和穷人之间分配不均。

D.HeathcareandeducationalCosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.D.医疗保健和教育费用不知何故已失去控制。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第四段最后一句“人们感到‘被挤压’，因为他们不断增长的收入往往无法满足他们不断增长的需求——更大的房子，更多的医疗保健，更多的教育，更快的互联网连接”理解可知，人们会感到压力是因为不断增长的收入无法满足不断增长的物质需求，A项“他们的物质追求远远超过了他们的收入”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“他们的购买力随着通货膨胀而明显下降”，人们的物质需求不断增长，也就是说购买力会增加，该项属于反向干扰；

C项“财富在富人和穷人之间分配不均”和D项“医疗保健和教育费用不知何故已失去控制”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Para.5)?

4.路易斯•乌奇特利在第5段所说的“被抛弃的美国人”是什么意思？

A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.A.把工作稳定性视为生活标准的一部分。

B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.B.因富裕而充满乌托邦思想的人。

C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.C.在美国政治上几乎没有发言权的人。

D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.D.不再有稳定工作的人。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第五段“人们把工作稳定性视为生活水平的一部分。随着公司裁员的增加，这部分已经被侵蚀。越来越多的工人担心自己成为‘被抛弃的美国人’，正如路易斯•乌奇特利在他的同名书中所说的那样。”从中理解可知，“被抛弃的美国人”指的是因为公司裁员而被迫失业，即失去稳定的工作，D项“不再有稳定工作的人”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“把工作稳定性视为生活标准的一部分”是成为“被抛弃的美国人”的原因，而不是其暗含的意思，该项属于曲解原文；

B项“因富裕而充满乌托邦思想的人”和“被抛弃的美国人”无关，该项属于出处错位；

C项“在美国政治上几乎没有发言权的人”原文没有提到，该项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?5.富裕给美国社会带来了什么？

A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.A.新的经济安全。

B.Asenseofself-fulfilment.B.自我实现的感觉。

C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.C.新的冲突和抱怨。

D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.D.痛苦和反社会行为。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第六段最后一句“不幸的是，富裕也产生了新的抱怨和矛盾”可知，富裕给美国社会带来了新的抱怨和矛盾，C项“新的冲突和抱怨”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“新的经济安全”和B项“自我实现的感觉”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有；

D项“痛苦和反社会行为”根据第六段二、三句“在某种程度上，富裕是成功的。身体上的痛苦比以前少了很多。”可知，富裕减轻了痛苦，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。

9.单选题

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious，notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedorfallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery’’theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat

（

）.

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose

（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

问题1选项

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

问题2选项

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

问题3选项

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

问题4选项

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

问题5选项

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless（然而，所有这些润滑剂并不能改变人已经变得毫无力量的事实）可知C选项“与社会其他部分相比不重要的一部分，尽管运行平稳”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.（他们生老病死，从来没有面对过人类作为情感上和智力上独立和有生产力的人存在的基本现实）可知D选项“他们被剥夺了个性和独立性”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress（不断地需要证明自己和竞争对手一样好，或者比竞争对手强，这就产生了持续的焦虑和压力）可知D选项“能远离这个竞争激烈的世界的人”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements（变成一种以人为本的工业主义，在这种工业中，在这里人及其潜能——爱和理性——的充分开发是所有社会安排的目的）可知C选项“使人能充分发挥自己的潜力”符合题意。

5.观点态度题。由文章第一段的内容可知作者将社会比作一个机械，人只是这个机械中的一个小齿轮，并对其进行了讽刺和批评，因此B选项“不满”符合题意。

10.单选题

Theworld'slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia,theHornofAfrica,inOctober1977.ThevictimwasayoungcookcalledAliMaowMaalin.Hiscasebecomesalandmarkinmedicalhistory,forsmallpoxisthefirstcommunicablediseaseevertobeeradicated.

TheremarkablecampaigntofreetheworldofsmallpoxhasbeenledbytheWorldHealthOrganization.TheHomofAfrica,embracingtheOgadenregionofEthiopiaandSomalia,wasoneofthelastfewsmallpoxriddenareasoftheworldwhentheWHO-sponsoredSmallpoxEradicationProgramme(SEP)gotunderwaytherein1971.

Manyofthe25millioninhabitants,mostlyfarmersandnomadslivinginawildnessofdesert,bushandmountains,alreadyhadsmallpox.Theproblemoftracingthediseaseinsuchformidablecountrywasexacerbatedfurtherbythecontinuouswarfareinthearea.

Theprogrammeconcentratedonanimaginativepolicyof"searchandcontainment."Vaccinationwasusedtoreducethewidespreadincidenceofthedisease,butthesuccessofthecampaigndependedontheworkofvolunteers.Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof"rumors"—--informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.

Oftentheserumorsturnedouttobecasesofmeasles,chickenpoxorsyphilis—-butnothingcouldbelefttochance.Asthecampaignprogressedthediseasewasgraduallybroughtundercontrol.BySeptember1976theSEPmadeitsfirstreportthatnonewcaseshadbeenreported.Butthatfirstoptimismwasshort-lived.Athree-year-oldgirlcalledAminaSalat,fromadustyvillageintheOgadeninthesouth-eastofEthiopia,hadgivensmallpoxtoayoungnomadvisitor.LeavingthevillagethenomadhadwalkedacrosstheborderintoSomalia.Therebeinfected3,000people,andamongthemhadbeenthecook,Ali.Itwasafurther14monthsbeforetheelusive"targetzero"—nofurthercases—wasreached.

Evennow,thesearchcontinuesin"highrisk"areasandinpartsofthecountryuncheckedforsometime.Theflowofrumorshasnowdiminishedtoatrickle—buteachmuststillbecheckedbyaqualifiedperson.

Victoryisinsight,buttwoyearsmustpasssincethe"lastcase"beforeanInternationalCommissioncandeclarethattheworldisentirelyfreefromsmallpox.

1.AliMaowMaalin’scaseissignificantbecausehewasthe（

）.

2.Theworktostampoutsmallpoxwasmademoredifficultby（

）.

3.Thevolunteersmentionedwerepaidto（

）.

4.Nowadays,smallpoxinvestigationsareonlycarriedout（

）.

问题1选项

A.lastpersontobecuredofsmallpoxinSomalia.

B.lastknownsuffererofsmallpoxintheworld

C.firstsmallpoxvictimintheHomofAfrica

D.firstSomaliantobevaccinatedforsmallpox

问题2选项

A.people'sunwillingnesstoreportcases

B.thelackofvaccine

C.thebackwardnessoftheregion

D.theincessantlocalwars

问题3选项

A.findoutaboutthereportedcasesofsmallpox.

B.vaccinatepeopleinremoteareas

C.teachpeoplehowtotreatsmallpox.

D.preventinfectedpeoplefrommovingaround

问题4选项

A.atregulartwo-yearlyintervals

B.whennewsofanoutbreakoccurs.

C.inthoseareaswithprevioushistoryofthedisease

D.byatrainedprofessional

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“AliMaowMaalin”定位到原文首段“Theworld'slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia,theHornofAfrica,inOctober1977.ThevictimwasayoungcookcalledAliMaowMaalin.Hiscasebecomesalandmarkinmedicalhistory,forsmallpoxisthef