考研考博-英语-安徽新闻出版职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽新闻出版职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Every___hasbeentakentoevacuatethestrandedsailorsfromHurricaneBetty.

问题1选项

A.pleasure

B.measure

C.pressure

D.leisure

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项pleasure“快乐；希望；娱乐；令人高兴的事”；B选项measure“测量；措施；程度；尺寸”；C选项pressure“压力；压迫，[物]压强”；D选项leisure“闲暇；空闲；安逸”。句意：已采取一切___疏散贝蒂飓风中搁浅的水手。本句表达“采取措施疏散水手”。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Ⅹ.(IntellectualProperties)

Incaseswhereanominativefairusedefenseisraised,weaskwhether(1)theproductwas“readilyidentifiable”withoutuseofthemark;(2)defendantusedmoreofthemarkthannecessary;or(3)defendantfalselysuggestedhewassponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.Thistest“evaluatesthelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeusecases”.It’sdesignedtoaddresstheriskthatnominativeuseofthemarkwillinspireamistakenbeliefonthepartofconsumersthatthespeakerissponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.Thethirdfactorspeaksdirectlytotheriskofsuchconfusion,andtheothersdosoindirectly:Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementifacompanyusesanunnecessarytrademarkor“more”ofamarkthannecessary.ButifthenominativeusesatisfiesthethreefactorNewKidstest,itdoesn’tinfringe.IfthenominativeusedoesnotsatisfyalltheNewKidsfactors,thedistrictcourtmayorderdefendantstomodifytheiruseofthemarksothatallthreefactorsaresatisfied;itmaynotenjoinnominativeuseofthemarkaltogether.ThedistrictcourtenjoinedtheTabarisfromusing“anyTTTdomainname,servicemark,trademark,tradename,metatagorothercommercialindicationoforiginthatincludesthemarkLEXUS.”Atrademarkinjunction,particularlyoneinvolvingnominativefairuse,canraiseseriousFirstAmendmentconcernsbecauseitcaninterferewithtruthfulcommunicationbetweenbuyersandsellersinthemarketplace.Accordingly,“wemustensurethattheinjunctionistailoredtoeliminateonlythespecificharmalleged.”Toupholdthebroadinjunctionenteredinthiscase,wewouldhavetobeconvincedthatconsumersarelikelytobelieveasiteissponsoredorendorsedbyatrademarkholderwheneverthedomainnamecontainsthestringoflettersthatmakeupthetrademark.Inperformingthisanalysis,ourfocusmustbeonthe“‘reasonablyprudentconsumer’inthemarketplace”.Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace,andtherelevantconsumerisareasonablyprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline;thekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’websitewhenshoppingforanexpensiveproductlikealuxurycar.Unreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppersarenotrelevant.Theinjunctionhereisplainlyoverbroad—asevenToyota’scounselgrudginglyconcededatoralargument—becauseitprohibitsdomainnamesthatontheirfacedispelanyconfusionastosponsorshiporendorsement.

87.The3factortestfornominativefairuseisNOTdesignedto___.

88.Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementbecause___.

89.Fromtheunderlinedsentence,onecaninferthat___.

90.WhichofthefollowingisNOTnecessaryforthecourttoupholdthebroadinjunctionmadebythelowercourt?

问题1选项

A.preventamistakenbeliefthattheuseisendorsedbythetrademarkholder

B.resolvethelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeuse

C.dealwiththemistakenbeliefbytheconsumers

D.addresstheriskofnominativeuse

问题2选项

A.itisnotnecessaryforacompanytouseatrademark

B.acompanymayusemoremarksthannecessary

C.ofacompany’suseofanunnecessarytrademark

D.itisnecessaryforacompanytouseatrademark

问题3选项

A.theFirstAmendmentconcernswithfreedomofspeech

B.atrademarkinjunctioncaninterferewithtruthfulcommunication

C.atrademarkinjunctionalwaysinvolvesnominativefairuse

D.buyersandsellersareinthemarketplace

问题4选项

A.Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace.

B.Theunreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppers

C.Theprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline

D.ThekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’website

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】87.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文Thistest“evaluatesthelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeusecases”.It’sdesignedtoaddresstheriskthatnominativeuseofthemarkwillinspireamistakenbeliefonthepartofconsumersthatthespeakerissponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.（这个测试“评估指称性使用例中混淆的可能性”。它的目的是解决这样一种风险，即商标的提名使用会让消费者误以为说话者是由商标持有人赞助或支持的）可知C选项“处理消费者的错误信念”并不是命名的合理使用的三因素测试设计的目的；A选项“防止错误地认为使用是由商标持有人支持的”，B选项“解决指称性使用混淆的可能性”以及D选项“解决指称性使用的风险”是其测试涉及的目的。因此C选项正确。

88.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文Thethirdfactorspeaksdirectlytotheriskofsuchconfusion,andtheothersdosoindirectly:Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementifacompanyusesanunnecessarytrademarkor“more”ofamarkthannecessary.（第三个因素直接说明了这种混淆的风险，而其他因素则间接说明了这一点：如果一家公司使用了不必要的商标或比必要的商标“更多”，消费者可能会合理地推断出赞助或支持）可知选B选项“一个公司可能使用比必要的更多的标志”；A选项“公司没有必要使用商标”，C选项“公司使用不必要的商标”以及D选项“公司使用商标是必要的”不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

89.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到划线句子部分Atrademarkinjunction,particularlyoneinvolvingnominativefairuse,canraiseseriousFirstAmendmentconcernsbecauseitcaninterferewithtruthfulcommunicationbetweenbuyersandsellersinthemarketplace.（一项商标禁令，特别是涉及提名的合理使用的禁令，可能会引起《第一修正案》(FirstAmendment)的严重关切，因为它可能会干扰市场上买卖双方的真实沟通）可知B选项“商标禁令可能干扰真实沟通”符合原文；A选项“第一修正案涉及言论自由”，C选项“商标禁令总是涉及到命名的合理使用”以及D选项“买方和卖方在市场”无法从划线句子部分推断出，排除。因此B选项正确。

90.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace,andtherelevantconsumerisareasonablyprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline;thekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’websitewhenshoppingforanexpensiveproductlikealuxurycar.Unreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppersarenotrelevant.（相关市场是网络市场，相关消费者是习惯在网上购物的合理谨慎的消费者；这类消费者在购买豪华车等昂贵产品时，可能会访问Tabaris的网站。不合理、轻率和缺乏经验的网上购物者并不必要）可知选B选项“不合理、轻率和缺乏经验的网络购物者”；A选项“相关的市场是在线市场”，C选项“习惯网上购物的谨慎消费者”以及D选项“可能访问Tabaris网站的消费者”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

InItaly,itisgoodmannersforaman[A]togreetanothermanwithanembraceandakiss[B]oneverycheek.[C]NotsoinSouthTexas,wheremenstand3feetapartand[D]at90degreeanglestoconversewithoneanother.Allcultureshaverulesandifyouviolatethem,youwillbeexcluded.

问题1选项

A.greetanotherman

B.oneverycheek

C.NotsoinSouthTexas

D.at90degreeangles

【答案】B

【解析】考查代词用法。B选项中的every指三个或以上的人或事物的全体，而一个人的脸颊只有两边，应将every改为each。

4.不定项选择题

Acomplexoperationcalledspinalfusionhasemergedasthetreatmentofchoiceformanykindsofbackpain.Butanumberofresearcherssaythereislittlescientificevidencetoshowthatformostpatients,spinalfusionworksanybetterthanasimpleroperation,thelaminectomy（椎板切除术）.Somepeoplewouldbebetteroffwithnosurgeryatall.Evendoctorswhofavorfusionssaythatmoreresearchisneededontheirbenefits.

Intheabsenceofbetterdata,criticspointtoadifferentreasonforthefusionoperation’sfastrises:money.Medicarecanpayasurgeonasmuchasfourtimesmoreforaspinalfusionasforalaminectomy.Hospitalsalsocollecttwotofourtimesasmuch.“Weallcaveintomarketandeconomicforces,”saidDr.EdwardC.Benzel.Thoughdoctors,asarule,shouldfavortheleastcomplicatedtreatment—withsurgerybeingthelastresort—Dr.Benzelestimatedthatfewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.

Doctorsandhospitalsarenottheonlyplayerswithafinancialstakeinfusionoperations.Criticsblamethecompaniesthatmakethehardwareforpromotingmorecomplexfusionswithoutevidencethattheyaresignificantlymoreeffective.Somesortofhardwareisusedinalmost90percentoflower-backfusionsandthenationalbillforthehardwarealonehassoaredto$2.5billionayear.

Thehardwaremakersingeneralacknowledgegivingsurgeonsmillionsofdollarsforconsultingandresearches,butsaythemoneypromotestechnicaladvancesthatimprovebackcare.ButalawsuitbroughtbyScottA.Wiese,aformersalesrepresentativeofMedtronic―thebiggestmakerofspinalhardware,accusedthecompanyoftryingtopersuadesurgeonstouseitsproductswithoffersoffirst-classplaneticketstoHawaiiandnightsatthefinesthotels.Medtronicsaiditdidnothingwrong,anditdeniedtheaccusationsinthelawsuit.Butthecompanydisclosedearlierthisyearthatthefederalgovernmentwasinvestigatingchargesthatitpaidillegalkickbackstosurgeons.Federalofficialsdeclinedtocommentontheinvestigation,andMedtronicsaiditwouldvigorouslydefenditself.

Still,betweentheallureofmoneyandthequestforbreakthroughsintreatment,someprominentspinalsurgeonssaythatbackcarehasgoneastray.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsonthetreatmentofbackpainistrue?

2.Itisimpliedthatdoctors（）.

3.Thehardwaremakers（）.

4.ThecompanyMedtronic（）.

5.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“backcarehasgoneastray”inthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.Spinalfusionprovidesabettercurethanothertreatments.

B.Spinalfusionisnogoodtopatientssufferingfrombackpains.

C.Thereislimitedevidenceastowhichtreatmentisbetter.

D.Doctorshavegreatconfidenceinthebenefitsofspinalfusion.

问题2选项

A.tendtochoosethetreatmentthatisconsideredthebestforpatients

B.haveputfinancialinterestsaheadofpatientsinconsiderablecases

C.arelikelytofavormorecomplicatedtreatmenttoimproveskills

D.wishtochangethecurrentsystemunderwhichtheygetpaidfortheirwork

问题3选项

A.haveobtainedenormousprofitsfromtheoperation

B.haveinvestedheavilyintheresearchofnewproducts

C.havehelpeddoctorsandhospitalsgainmoreexperience

D.havesuccessfullyprovedtheeffectivenessoftheirproducts

问题4选项

A.hasadmittedpayingkickbackstosurgeons

B.hasdeniedanyfinancialdealswithsurgeons

C.hasbeensuedforbuyingitsbusinesscompetitor

D.hasbeeninvestigatedbythegovernment

问题5选项

A.Ithasbeenontherighttrack.

B.Ithasbeenawayfromtherighttrack.

C.Ithasofferedanewtreatment.

D.Ithasmovedbacktotradition.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Butanumberofresearcherssaythereislittlescientificevidencetoshowthatformostpatients,spinalfusionworksanybetterthanasimpleroperation,thelaminectomy.但一些研究人员表示，几乎没有科学证据表明，对大多数患者来说脊柱融合术比更简单的椎板切除术更好。”可知C项与原文相符。A项“脊柱融合术比其他治疗方法有更好的治疗效果。”，与原文不符；B项“脊柱融合术对背痛患者没有好处。”，与原文不符；C项“只有有限的证据表明哪种治疗方法更好。”；D项“医生对脊柱融合术的好处很有信心。”，与原文不符，因此C选项正确。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Medicarecanpayasurgeonasmuchasfourtimesmoreforaspinalfusionasforalaminectomy.医疗保险可以为外科医生支付比椎板切除术多四倍的脊柱融合术费用。”以及“...fewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.今天所做的脊柱融合术中可能只有不到一半是合适的。”，可知B项与原文相符。A项“倾向于选择被认为对病人最好的治疗方法”，与原文不符；B项“在相当多的案例中，他们把经济利益置于病人利益之上”；C项“可能会赞成更复杂的治疗来提高技能”，与原文不符；D项“希望改变他们目前的工作报酬制度”，与原文不符，因此B选项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第三段中“...thenationalbillforthehardwarealonehassoaredto$2.5billionayear.……仅在硬件方面，全国每年的支出就飙升至25亿美元。”可知A项与原文相符。A项“已从这个手术中获取了巨大的利润”；B项“已在新产品研究上投入巨资”，与原文不符；C项“已帮助医生和医院获得了更多经验”，与原文不符；D项“已成功地证明了他们产品的有效性”，与原文不符，因此A选项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第四段中“Butthecompanydisclosedearlierthisyearthatthefederalgovernmentwasinvestigatingchargesthatitpaidillegalkickbackstosurgeons.但该公司今年早些时候披露，联邦政府正在调查其向外科医生支付非法回扣的指控。”可知D项与原文相符。A项“已承认给外科医生回扣”，与原文不符；B项“已否认与外科医生有任何金钱交易”，与原文不符；C项“已因收购其商业竞争对手而被起诉”，与原文不符；D项“已经被政府调查过”，因此D选项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“...fewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.……今天所做的脊柱融合术中可能只有不到一半是合适的。”以及astray有“误入歧途的，离开正道的”意思，可知B项与原文相符。A项“它已在正轨上”；B项“它偏离了正轨”；C项“它已提供一个新的治疗方式”；D项“它已回到传统”，因此B选项正确。

5.不定项选择题

Greatemotionalandintellectualresourcesaredemandedinquarrels;staminahelps,asdoesacapacityforobsession.Butnooneisbornagoodquarreler;thecraftmustbelearned.

Therearetwogenerallyrecognizedapprenticeships.First,anduniversallypreferred,isalongchildhoodspentinthecompanyoffractioussiblings.Afterseveralyearsofrainyafternoons,brothersandsistersdevelopasurefeelforthetacticsofattritionandthenicetiesofstrategysonecessaryinfirst-ratequarrelling.

Theonlychild,orthechildofpeacefulorrepressedhouseholds,islikelytogrowupfailingtounderstandthatquarrels,unlikearguments,arenotaboutanythingleastofallthepursuitoftruth.Theapparentsubjectofaquarrelisamerepretext;therealbusinessisthequarrelitself.

Essentially,adversariesinaquarrelareouttoestablishorrescuetheirdignity.Ifencetheelementaryprinciple:anythingmaybesaid.Theunschooled,probablynolessquarrelsomebyinclinationthananyoneelse,mayspendanhourwithknockingheart,siftingtheconsequencesofroilingthisoldacquaintancealyingfraud.Toolate!Withacheerfulwavetheoldacquaintancehaslefttheroom.

Thosewhomisstheirfirstapprenticeshipmaycaretoenrollinthesecond,thebadmarriage.Thiscanbeperilousfortheneophyte;themutualintimacyofspousesmakesthematoncemorevulnerableandmoredangerousinattack.Oncesexisinvolved,thestakesarehigherallround.

Andthereisanunspokenrulethatthosewholove,orhaveloved,oneanotheraregrantedalicenseforunlimitedbeastlinesssuchasisdeniedtomereswornenemies.Forallthat,someofourmosttenaciousblackbeltquarrelershavecometoitlateinfifeandmasteredeverythrow,fromtheCrushingSilencetotheGloatingApology,inlessthantenyearsofmarriage.

Aquarrelmaylastyears.AmongbroodingtypesKithtimeontheirhands,likewriters,halfalifetimeisnotuncommon.Initsmostrefinedform,aquarrelmayconsistoftheparticipantsnottalkingtoeachother.Theywillneedtoschemelaboriouslytoappearinpublictogethertoregistertheirsilence.

Brief,violentquarrelsarealsoknownasrows.Inallcasestheessentialingredientremainsthesame;theoriginalcausemustbeforgottenassoonaspossible.Fromhereon,dignity,pride,self-esteem,honoratethecrucialissues,whichiswhyquarrellinglikejealousy,isanall-consumingbusiness,virtuallyaprofession.Forthequarrelersveryself-hoodisonthefine.Toloseanargumentisabriefdisappointment,muchlikelosingagameoftennis;buttobecrushedinaquarrel...ratherbiteoffyourtongueandspreaditatyouropponents’feet.

1.Unschooledquarrelersaresaidtobeatadisadvantagebecause（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,quarrelsbetweenmarriedcouplesmaybe（）.

3.Whenquarrellingbothchildrenandmarriedcouplesmay,accordingtothewriter（）.

4.Thedifferencebetweenaquarrelandanargumentissaidtobethat（）.

5.Inthepassageasawhole,thewritertreatsquarrellingasifitwere（）.

问题1选项

A.theirinsultsfailtooffendtheiropponent

B.theyrevealtheirnervousnesstotheiropponent

C.theysufferfromremorseforwhatthey’vesaid

D.theyareapprehensiveaboutspeakingtheirminds

问题2选项

A.physicallyviolent

B.extremelybitter

C.essentiallytrivial

D.sincerelyregretted

问题3选项

A.beparticularlybrutal

B.usepolitenessasaweapon

C.employskillfulmaneuvers

D.exaggeratetheirfeelings

问题4选项

A.theformerinvolvesindividualegos

B.theformerconcernsstrongpointsofview

C.thelatterhaswell-establishedmiles

D.thelatterconcernstrivialissues

问题5选项

A.amilitarycampaign

B.asocialskill

C.amoralevil

D.anaturalgift

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。没上过学的吵架者在吵架中不占优势的原因是，选项A“他们的羞辱不能激怒对手”；选项B“他们在对手面前表现出紧张”；选项C“他们对自己说的话感到悔恨”；选项D“他们害怕表露自己的心声”，根据文章第四段中“Theunschooled,probablynolessquarrelsomebyinclinationthananyoneelse,mayspendanhourwithknockingheart,siftingtheconsequencesofroilingthisoldacquaintancealyingfraud.没怎么受过教育的人，同样也跟其他人一样热衷于吵架，他们会花上很长的时间捶胸顿足，不断回想自己是怎么激怒了老熟人而陷入了他的骗局”，由此可知这些没上过学的人在吵架的时候因为没什么技巧，激怒别人之后就陷入了别人挖的坑里，于是他们不停的回想，不停的后悔自己所说的话，故正确答案为选项C。

第2题:推理判断题。根据作者的观点，已婚夫妇之间的争吵也许会……选项A“剧烈的身体攻击”；选项B“极度的尖酸刻薄”；选项C“基本上很琐碎”；选项D“真诚的道歉”，根据文章第六段的首句话“相爱的或者曾经相爱的人之间存在着一种不言而喻的规定，他们允许对方无限制的使用伤人的语言，就像是两个不共戴天的仇人一样。”根据这句话我们可以知道已婚夫妻之间的争吵会非常的尖酸刻薄，表现得像两个不共戴天的仇人一样，故正确答案为选项B。

第3题:小孩子和已婚夫妇之间吵架的共同点是什么，选项A“特别的野蛮”；选项B“把礼貌当作一种武器”；选项C“运用非常有技巧的策略”；选项D“夸大感觉”，根据文章中分别对小孩子吵架和夫妻吵架的描写，小孩子“developasurefeelforthetacticsofattritionandthenicetiesofstrategysonecessaryinfirst-ratequarrelling.明确的知道在最高级的吵架中技巧和战略的必要性”，由此可知小孩子的吵架非常注重技巧与战略；文章第六段在提及夫妻吵架之后接着说道“someofourmosttenaciousblackbeltquarrelershavecometoitlateinfife持久的吵架黑带通常在比较晚的时候练成；inlessthantenyearsofmarriage不超过婚后十年的时间”，可知作者想表达的是婚后，夫妻会变得非常擅于吵架，婚后的吵架会使他们练就吵架的技巧，这个从“黑带”一词可以体现出来，所以小孩子和已婚夫妇两者在吵架上的共同点就是非常具有技巧或者策略，故正确答案为选项C。

第4题:推理判断题。吵架和争论之间的区别是什么，选项A“前者涉及个人自尊心”；选项B“前者关心强硬的观点”；选项C“后者建立了良好的规则”；选项D“后者涉及细小的问题”；根据文章最后一段中对于吵架的描写“dignity,pride,self-esteem,honorandthecrucialissues,whichiswhyquarrellinglikejealousy,isanall-consumingbusiness,virtuallyaprofession尊严，骄傲，自尊，荣誉和其他关键问题是消耗所有精力的堪称专业的工作，它们解释了为什么说吵架就和妒忌一样”，这说明吵架是涉及个人的自尊心的，而对于争论的描写“Toloseanargumentisabriefdisappointment,muchlikelosingagameoftennis输掉一场争论只是片刻的失望，就像输掉一场网球比赛一样”，由此可知争论不会涉及个人的自尊心，简单的只是一种专业知识或者其他个人能力的较量，所以吵架和争论最大的区别就是吵架是涉及个人自尊心的，故正确答案为选项A。

第5题:推理判断题。纵观全文，作者描写吵架就像描写……选项A“一场军事行动”；选项B“一门社会技术”；选项C“一种不好的品德”；选项D“一种自然天赋”，作者在描写吵架的时候多处强调了吵架的技巧与战略，以及吵架技巧的两个养成阶段，仿佛吵架就像一门技术一样，需要我们练习与学习；作者还举了在社交场合吵架的例子，有技巧的人会赢，没有技巧的会输，强调了吵架这门技术的社会性，所以作者是在像描写一种社会技术一样的在描写吵架这门学问，故正确答案为选项B。

6.单选题

Evidencecameup（）specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassixmonthsold.

问题1选项

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.whose

【答案】C

【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：有证据表明，婴儿在6个月大时就能识别特定的语音。结合此处语境，comeup意为“发生；出现”，则后文不接宾语，此外空格后是完整的句子，因此，后文是充当evidence的同位语，则C项that引导同位语从句。因此C为正确答案。

7.单选题

Inspiteofthe______economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

问题1选项

A.gloomy

B.miserable

C.shadowy

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项gloomy“低迷的”，B项miserable“痛苦的”，C项shadowy“阴影的”，D项obscure“昏暗的”。根据句子意思“尽管经济前景……，制造业产量略有上升”可知，A项最符合句意。句意：尽管经济前景黯淡，制造业产出却略有上升。因此，该题选择A项正确。

8.单选题

Itwasimportantforanylecturertogettheaudience______rightatthebeginningandthengraduallyincreasethepressure.

问题1选项

A.related

B.concerned

C.involved

D.mixed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项relate“联系，叙述，讲述”；B选项concern“涉及，关系到”；C选项involve“包含，牵涉，(使)参加”；D选项mix“混合”。根据lecture与audience可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：对于任何一个演讲者来说，让听众一开始就参与进来是很重要的。然后逐渐增加压力。

9.单选题

Sheaskedhimwhathethoughtofher______dress.

问题1选项

A.greenprettylittle

B.littlegreenpretty

C.prettylittlegreen

D.prettygreenlittle

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词的顺序问题。出现多个形容词修饰一个名词，顺序是：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。按此规律，pretty属于限定词，little是描述大小，green描述颜色，故C项正确。句意：她问他这件漂亮的绿色小连衣裙怎么样。故正确答案为C。

10.单选题

Becauseofadverseweatherconditions,thetravelersstoppedtocamp.

问题1选项

A.local

B.unfamiliar

C.good

D.unfavorable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。adverse“不利的；相反的；敌对的”；A选项“local当地的；局部的；地方性的”；B选项unfamiliar“不熟悉的；不常见的”；C选项good“好的；优良的；愉快的”；D选项unfavorable“不利的；令人不快的；不顺利的”。句意：由于天气条件恶劣，旅行者们停下来露营。根据句中“thetravelersstoppedtocamp这些旅客停下了去扎营”可知adverse在这里的意思为“不利的”，因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

Thehistoryoffilmreflectsthe（

）inherentinthemediumitself:filmcombinesstillphotographstorepresentcontinuousmotionand,whileseemingtopresentlifeitself,canalsoofferimpossibleanddreamlikeunrealities.

问题1选项

A.trivialities

B.biases

C.constraints

D.paradoxes

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。triviality“浅薄，轻浮，琐事”；bias“偏见，偏爱”；constraint“约束，局促”；paradox“悖论，反论，似非而是的论点，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：电影的历史反映了这种媒体本身具备的矛盾：电影将静止的照片结合在一起区别表现连续的动作，而当呈现生活时，也经常提供一些不可能的和不真实的东西。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

SectionA

Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.

SectionB

Whatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere“limitstogrowth”.Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the“invisiblehand”ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.

SectionC

However,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.Inthesameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy.

SectionD

Althoughthelanguageof“rights”sometimesleadstoconfusion,bythelate1970sitwasrecognizedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care(thoughtherehasbeenconsiderableresistanceintheUnitedStatestotheideathatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care).Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.Putanotherway,basichealth-careisnowrecognizedasa“publicgood”,ratherthana“privategood”thatoneisexpectedtobuyforoneself.Asthe1976declarationoftheWorldHealthOrganizationputit:“Theenjoymentofthehighestattainablestandardofhealthisoneofthefundamentalrightsofeveryhumanbeingwithoutdistinctionofrace,religion,politicalbelief,economicorsocialcondition.”Ashasjustbeenremarked,inaliberalsocietybasichealthisseenasoneoftheindispensableconditionsfortheexerciseofpersonalautonomy.

SectionE

Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.ThusinOECDcountriesasawhole,healthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDPin1960to7%ofGDPin1980,andithasbeenpredictedthattheproportionofhealthcoststoGDPwillcontinuetoincrease.(IntheUSthecurrentfigureisabout12%ofGDP,andinAustraliaabout7.8%ofGDP.)

Asaconsequence,duringthe1980sakindofdoomsdayscenario(analogoustosimilardoomsdayextrapolationsaboutenergyneedsandfossilfuelsoraboutpopulationincreases)wasprojectedbyhealthadministrator,economistsandpoliticians.Inthisscenario,ever-risinghealthcostswerematchedagainststaticordecliningresources.

1.Personallibertyandindependencehaveneverbeenregardedasdirectlylinkedtohealth-care.

2.Health-carecametobeseenasarightataboutthesametimethatthelimitsofhealth-careresourcesbecameevident.

3.InOECDcountriespopulationchangeshavehadanimpactonhealth-carecostsinrecentyears.

4.OECDgovernmentshaveconsistentlyunderestimatedthelevelofhealth-careprovisionneeded.

5.Inmosteconomicallydevelopedcountriestheelderlywillhavetomakespecialprovisionfortheirhealth-careinthefuture.

问题1选项

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

问题2选项

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

问题3选项

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

问题4选项

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

问题5选项

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.根据SectionC中第二句，“Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.”，同教育、政治和法律程序和机构、公共秩序、通讯、运输和货币供应一样，医疗保健被视为人民行使其作为自主人的其他权利所必需的基本社会设施之一。可判断出个人自由和独立与医疗保健是有联系的。所以表述与原文不符合，答案为“NO”。

2.根据SectionE中第一句，“Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.”，就在医疗保健资源明显