考研考博-英语-安徽中医药高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽中医药高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Jimisso（）afterinjuringhislegthathehasgreatdifficultyinwalking.

问题1选项

A.lane

B.lamp

C.lamb

D.lame

【答案】D

【解析】考查同形词辨析。A选项lane“小巷”；B选项lamp“灯；照射器”；C选项lamb“羔羊”；D选项lame“瘸的”。句意：吉姆的腿受伤后……，走路都很困难。根据后面的injuringhisleg“腿受伤了”和描述程度hasgreatdifficultyinwalking“走路都很困难”，由此可知他的腿受伤后瘸了。因此D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Socialscientistshaveestablishedfairlyclear-cut______thatdescribetheappropriatebehaviorofchildrenandadults,butthereseemstobeconfusionaboutwhatconstitutesappropriatebehaviorforadolescents.

问题1选项

A.functions

B.rigidities

C.norms

D.castes

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项function“功能，职责”，B项rigidity“硬度，严格，刻板”，C项norm“标准，规范”，D项cast“投掷，抛”。根据句子可知，空格处缺少一个名词，并且后面的that是作定语从句修饰空格，它的意思是“描述儿童和成人的适当行为”，那么结合选项可推测，这个定语从句修饰的名词是“规范”。句意：社会科学家已经建立了相当明确的规范，描述儿童和成人的适当行为，但青少年的适当行为是由什么构成的，似乎还存在困惑。因此，该题选择C项。

3.单选题

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheMITSloanSchoolofManagementstronglybelievesthatitspurposeistogivestudentsthetoolstheywillneedtobeeffectivechangeagentsintherestoftheircareers.Todothisitisnecessarytostartoffwithanunderstandingoftheessentialdrivingforcesthatwillbeforcingorganizationstochange.Changeisnotrandom,thereareunderlyingprocesses.Threecentraldrivingforces—thegrowthoftheworldeconomy,thechangingnatureoftheworkforce,andthearrivalofgenuinetechnologicalcompetition—arenowatwork.

Theglobalizationoftheworldcapitalmarketsthathasoccurredinthepast20yearswillbereplicatedrightacrosstheeconomyinthenextdecade.Theneedtoproducegoodsandservicesatqualitylevelspreviouslythoughtimpossibletoobtaininmassproductionandthespreadinguseofparticipatorymanagementtechniqueswillrequireaworkforcewithmuchhigherlevelsofeducationandskills.Managersareincreasinglyshiftingfroma“don’tthink,dowhatyouaretold”toa“think,Iamnotgoingtotellyouwhattodo”styleofmanagement.

Tobeontopofthissituation,tomorrow’smanagerswillhavetohaveastrongbackgroundinorganizationalpsychology,humanrelations,andlaboreconomics.TheMITSloanSchoolofManagementattemptstoadvanceourunderstandingintheseareasthroughresearchandthenquicklybringsthefruitsofthisnewresearchtoourstudentssothattheycanbeleading-edgemanagerswhenitcomestothehumansideoftheequation.

WhatthismeansisthatAmericanmanagershavetounderstandtheforcesof,technicalchangeinwaysthatwerenotnecessaryinthepast.Conversely,managersfromtherestoftheworldknowthatitisnowpossibleforthemtodominatetheirAmericancompetitoriftheyunderstandtheforcesoftechnicalchangebetterthantheirAmericancompetitorsdo.

Intheworldoftomorrowmanagerscannotbetechnologicallyilliterateregardlessoftheirfunctionaltaskswithinthefirm.Iftheydon’tunderstandwhatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomesablackbox,theywillfailtomakethechangesthatthosewhodounderstandwhatisgoingoninsidetheblackboxmake.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.

11.Whatisitessentialforstudentstounderstandthedrivingforcesthatcanforceorganizationstochange?

12.Whatwillbeneededtoproducequalifiedgoodsandservicesinmassproductionandthespreadinguseofparticipatorymanagementtechniques?

13.WhatdoestheMITSloanSchoolofManagementattempttodoinitsresearch?

14.WhatdoweknowaboutAmericanmanagersfromthispassage?

15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?

问题1选项

A.BecausetheMITSloanSchoolofManagementemphasizeditsimportance.

B.Becausetheworldeconomyischanging.

C.Becausestudentsneedtobeeffectiveagentsintheirfuturecareers.

D.Becausetechnologicalcompetitionnowisstrong.

问题2选项

A.Employersshouldhaveasenseofglobalization.

B.Employeesshouldbewell-educatedandskillfulintheirjobs.

C.Employersshouldadaptthemselvestodifferentstylesofmanagement.

D.Employeesshouldshifttheirpositionsfromonetoanother.

问题3选项

A.Tohelpitsstudentsbecomefirstclassmanagers.

B.Totestwhetheritsstudentshaveastrongbackgroundincertainareas.

C.Togivesomeinsightstothosefirstclassmanagers.

D.Tohelpitsstudentsadvancetheirunderstandingsincertainareas.

问题4选项

A.Theyhavebeendominatedbymanagersfromothercountries.

B.Theyneedtoknowmoreabouttechnology.

C.Theyknowtheircompetitorsunderstandtheforcesoftechnicalchangebetter.

D.Theyaretechnologicallyreadytobemanagersintheworldoftomorrow.

问题5选项

A.TheMITSloanSchoolofManagementhasrevealedwhatisgoingoninsidetheblackbox.

B.Americanmanagersknowmoreabouttechnicalchangethanmanagersfromtherestoftheworld.

C.Thestyleofmanagementischangingconstantly.

D.Everyfuturemanagershouldhavecross-disciplinaryknowledge.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】11、【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干可以定位到第一段，believesthatitspurposeistogivestudentsthetoolstheywillneedtobeeffectivechangeagentsintherestoftheircareers.从这句话可以看出C项是它的转述句，因此C正确，A项是表面原因，B项不是本题干的原因，D项也是无关项，因此本题答案为C。

12、【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节推断题。根据题干定位到第二段，Managersareincreasinglyshiftingfroma“don’tthink,dowhatyouaretold”toa“think,Iamnotgoingtotellyouwhattodo”styleofmanagement.这一句我们可以看出，管理者们是需要重新开始调整新的管理方式了，因此答案为C。ABD均为错误项，题干中没有提到。

13、【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。本题的题干信息点在第三段的最后一句“bringsthefruitsofthisnewresearchtoourstudentssothattheycanbeleading-edgemanagerswhenitcomestothehumansideoftheequation”这一句话的意思是致力于通过研究增进我们对这些领域的理解，然后迅速将这项新研究的成果带给我们的学生，这样当涉及到人力资源方面时，他们就能成为领先的管理者。那么我们可以看出MIT学校研究的目的就是帮助它的学生在特定的领域成为佼佼者。

14、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】文章推断题。A项不对，后文只是说其他国家可能会超过美国，但是没有一定，C没有说一定知道其他国家更了解，D错误，是作者希望他们可以变成行业的领先者，但是还没有成为也还在学习中；因此答案B正确。

15、【试题答案】D

【试题解析】文章推断题。本题考查的是文章推断题。通过全文的阅读我们可以发现全文的主题就是MIT大学对于管理层的培养心得以及未来的打算。A不对，从最后一段的最后几句可以看出这个黑盒子是要管理者们自己去探索的；B也不对，B是美国管理者现在可能会面临的问题，也就是被其他国家的管理者超过，因此不对；C项全文并未着笔，D项正确，因为全文都有在讲未来的经理们要多学习各方面的知识，尤其是科技方面的，因为他们不仅需要管理能力，还需要有跨学科的能力，D正确。

4.单选题

Manyadultsmaythinktheyaregettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.So,whatexactlyistherightamountofsleep?Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Readontoseejusthowmuchofanimpactmoderatesleepdeprivationcanhaveonyourmindandbody.

Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youcouldbeputtingyourselfatriskofhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandisabletoslowdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleeps.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.

Weallhangaroundinbedduringourboutsofillness.Butdidyouknowthatskippingoutonthebedrestcanincreaseyourriskofgettingsick?Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.Sotrytotoughenupyourimmunesystembygettingatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight,andmaintainingahealthydiet.You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays.

DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Mostpeopleexperiencethiseeriephenomenaatleastonceintheirlives,butthosewhoaresleepdeprivedaremorelikelytohavepanickedepisodesofsleepparalysisthatareusuallyaccompaniedbyhallucinations,aswell.Forasecond,imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased;everybirthday,summervacation,evenwhatyoudidyesterdayafternooniscompletelylost,becauseyouhavenorecollectionofthem.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaytothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemeaningof“sleepdeprivation”？

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?

3.Whyistheretheso-called“sleepparalysis”？

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

5.Whateffectsofsleepdeprivationonhumanmindandbodyarediscussedinthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Tosleepforanaverageperiodoftime.

B.Tosleepdeeplywithoutdreaming.

C.Tosleeplessthanneeded.

D.Tosleepmodestly.

问题2选项

A.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewithsleepdeprivationwillbeabeletosleeplonger.

B.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewhousuallyhaveadequatesleepwillbealright.

C.Onlymodestsleepdeprivationcouldweakentheimmunesystem,

D.Prolongedsleepdeprivationwillnothaveimpactontheimmunesystem.

问题3选项

A.Itoccurswhenyouareunabletowakeupfromdreamswhileyouaresleeping.

B.Itoccurswhenyoubrainimmobilizesyourbodyinordertokeepyoufromdreaming.

C.BecauseyouareusuallytoofrightenedtomoveyourbodywhenwakingupfromdeepREMsleep.

D.Becauseyourbody,immobilizedwhendreaming,maystillbeunabletomoveevenwhenyourbrainiswakingup.

问题4选项

A.Memoriesarepartofthecognitivefunctionofthebrain.

B.Memoriescreatedduringthedaytimeareusuallyfragileandimpaired.

C.Youarelikelytoloseyourmemoriesofyesterdayafteranight’ssleep.

D.Long-termmemorycannotbeformedwithoutdream-sleep.

问题5选项

A.Highbloodpressure,atoughenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

B.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,sleepparalysis,andlong-termmemory.

C.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,thebrainandthebody,andmemory.

D.Highbloodpressure,aweakenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.语义题。题干：根据本文，“睡眠不足”指的是什么？文章第三段中“Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse”说明“modest”sleepdeprivation指的是少于6小时的睡眠，而成人需要7-9小时的睡眠。因此C选项符合题意。

2.判断推理题。题干：根据第3段，下列哪个陈述是正确的？第三段最后一句“You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays”，别人生病后就会意识到多睡一小时的好处，对应B选项的内容。

3.细节题。题干：为什么会有所谓的“睡眠瘫痪症”?第四段第三句中提到了“SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate”，可知“睡眠瘫痪症”发生在大脑从快速眼动周期唤醒时，身体仍保持不动状态，因此D选项符合题意。

4.细节题。题干：根据最后一段，下列哪个陈述是正确的？最后一段最后一句提到“REMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughouttheday…”表明大脑一天产生的记忆是脆弱的，需要睡眠帮忙巩固记忆。因此B选项符合题意。

5.细节题。题干：睡眠不足对人的身心有什么影响？第二段提到“elevatedbloodpressure”；第三段提到“reducedimmunesystem”;第四段提到“sleepparalysis”；最后一段提到“memoryloss”，因此D选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Hesuggestedthatweputtheschemeintoeffect,foritisquite（

）.

问题1选项

A.probable

B.sustainable

C.eligible

D.feasible

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项probable“很可能的，可信的”；B选项sustainable“可忍受的”；C选项eligible“合格的，有资格当选的，符合条件的”；D选项feasible“可行的，可能的”。根据主句的意思“他建议我们把这个计划付诸实施”可知后面空格部分填入的形容词意思为“可行的”，句意为：他建议我们把这个计划付诸实施，因为它很可行。选项D符合句子意思。

6.翻译题

What’syourearliestmemory?Doyourememberlearningtowalk?Thebirthofasibling?Nurseryschool?Adultsrarelyremembereventsfrommuchbeforekindergarten,justaschildrenyoungerthan3or4seldomrecallanyspecificexperiences(asdistinctfromgeneralknowledge).Psychologistshavefloatedallsortsofexplanationsforthis“childhoodamnesia”.Thereductionistsappealedtotheneurological,arguingthatthehippocampus,thebrainregionresponsibleforformingmemories,doesn’tmatureuntilabouttheageof2.Butthereigningtheoryholdsthatsinceadultsdonotthinklikechildren,theycannotaccesschildhoodmemories.Adultsarestuckwithgrown-up“schema”,thebarebonesofnarratives.Whentheyi.ilTlethroughthementalfilingcabinetinsearchoffratimentsofchildhoodmemoriestohangonthisnarrativeskeleton，accordingtothistheory,theydon’tfindanythatIt'sliketryingtofindaFrenchwordinanEnglishindex.(1)

NowpsychologistKatharineNelsonoftheCityUniversityofNewYorkoffersanewexplanationforchildhoodamnesia.ShearguesthatChildrendon’tevenformlasting,long-termmemoriesuntiltheylearntousesomeoneelse’sdescriptionofthoseexperiencestoturntheirownshort-term，fleetingrecollectionsofthemintopermanentinemories.(2)Inotherwords,childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkaboutthemhearMomrecountthatday’striptothedinosaurmuseum,hearDadrememberaloudtheirtriptotheamusementpark.

Whyshouldmemorydependsoheavilyonnarrative?Nelsonmarshalsevidencethatthemindstructuresremembrancesthatway.Childrenwhosemotherstalkabouttheday’sactivitiesastheywinddowntowardbedtime，forinstance，remembermoreoftheday’sspecialeventsthandochildrenwhosemothersdon’tofferthisnovelisticframework.(3)Talkingaboutaneventinanarrativewayhelpsachildrememberit.Andlearningtostructurememoriesasalong-runningnarrative，Nelsonsuggests，isthekeytoapermanent“autobiographicalmeinory’’，thespecificremembrancesthatfomione’slifestory.(4)(Whatyouhadforlunchyesterdayisn’tpartofit;whatyouateonyourfirstdatewithyourfuturespousemaybe.)

Language,ofcourse,isthekeytosuchanarrative.Childrenlearntoengageintalkaboutthepast.Theestablishmentofthesememoriesisrelatedtotheexperienceoftalkingtootherpeopleaboutthem.Inparticular,achildinustrecognizethataretellingofthatmuseumtrip，sayisjustthetripitselfinanothermedium，thatofspeechratherthanexperience.(5)Thatdoesn’thappenuntilthechildisperhapsfourorfive.Bythetimeshe’sreadyforkindergartenshe’llrememberallsortsofthings.Andshemayeven,bythen,havelearnednottoblurtthemoutinpublic.

【答案】1.根据这种理论，当他们（即成年人）飞快地“翻阅大脑文件柜”希望通过寻找童年记忆的片断来支撑这一叙事框架吋，他们找不到任何合适的记忆片断。

2.她认为，只有通过学习他人对那些经历的描述，从而将自己稍纵即逝的短期记忆变成永久性记忆，儿童才能形成持久的长期记忆。

3.例如，那些母亲在临睡前谈论一天的活动的孩子，比那些母亲不提供这种小说框架的孩子对于一天的特殊事件记住得更多。

4.纳尔逊提出，学会将记忆构成一种长期存在的叙述，是形成永久性“自传式记忆”(即构成一个人生平故事的特定记忆)的关键。

5.尤其是儿童必须认识到诸如博物馆之旅的复述恰恰也是一次出行，只不过换了一种形式，用言语替代了经历。

7.单选题

Itiswell-knownthattheretiredworkersinourcountryare______freemedicalcare.

问题1选项

A.entitledto

B.involvedin

C.associatedwith

D.assignedto

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项entitledto“有权享有……；有……的资格”；B选项involvedin“涉及”；C选项associatedwith“与……有关”；D选项assignedto“被分配给……”。句意：众所周知，我国的退休工人______免费医疗。根据语境，这里指的是退休工人有免费医疗的权利，A选项entitledto“有权享有……；有……的资格”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Paradoxically,Robinson’sexcessivedenialsoftheworthofearlyworksofsciencefictionsuggestthatshehasbecomequite（

）them.

问题1选项

A.reflectiveabout

B.skepticalof

C.enamoredof

D.offendedby

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。reflective反射的；沉思的；becomeskepticalof开始非常怀疑······；enamoredof迷恋；becomeoffendedby感到被冒犯。句意：自相矛盾的是，罗宾逊对早期科幻作品价值的过度否认表明她已经开始非常怀疑它们。由Paradoxically和Robinson’sexcessivedenialsoftheworthofearlyworksofsciencefictionsuggestthat可知B符合语境。

9.单选题

Artificialintelligencedealspartlywiththe（）betweenthecomputerandthehumanbrain.

问题1选项

A.profile

B.mighty

C.analogy

D.leakage

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析。此处指的是电脑和人脑的相似之处。C项analogy（类似，相似）符合句意。

10.单选题

ThreedaysagoIreceivedane-mailfromtheconferenceorganizersapologizingthelast-minutechangesintheschedule;theysoundedgenuinelyembarrassedatthedisorderin

theirplanning.

问题1选项

A.apologizingthe

B.last-minute

C.changesin

D.sounded

E.没有错误

【答案】A

【解析】动词误用。Apologizing后加for。Apologize是不及物动词,后面接宾语时要加介词for。

11.单选题

Itwasn'tuntilthelate19thcenturythatphysiciansrealizedthatits_______symptomswereallpartofthesamedisease.

问题1选项

A.perfunctory

B.peremptory

C.perplexing

D.perambulatory

【答案】C

【解析】perfunctory敷衍的;peremptory强制的,专横的;perplexing复杂的,令人困惑的;perambulatory巡视的。句意：直到19世纪末,医生们才意识到,这些令人费解的症状都是同一种疾病的一部分。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator.”

Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplusbreadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearsonfooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.

Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted—naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...

Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing-marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.

Consequently,mostoftheworld’sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificiallyheatedhouse-whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.

Thefridge’seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum.

1.Thestatement“Inmybridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”(Para.2)suggeststhat（

）.

2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?

3.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge’snegativeeffectontheenvironment?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardfridges?

问题1选项

A.theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfifties

B.theauthorwasnotaccustomedtousefridgeseveninhisfifties.

C.therewasnofridgeintheauthor’shomeinthe1950s

D.thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s

问题2选项

A.Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.

B.Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimeaweek.

C.Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily

D.Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood

问题3选项

A.Inventors.

B.Consumers.

C.Manufacturers.

D.Travelingsalesmen

问题4选项

A.“Humawaycontinuously”

B.“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary”

C.“Artificially-cooledspace”

D.“Withmildtemperatures”

问题5选项

A.Neutral.

B.Critical.

C.Objective

D.Compromising

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily句意为“我的童年吋期没有冰箱，但我还是吃得不错而且吃得很健康”之后的部分讲到虽然没有冰箱但也没有出现食物浪费和食物腐烂的情况，由此可知第二段的首句话是为了说明虽然那时候没有冰箱，作者也生活的很好，即选项A。

2.判断推理题。第二段指出:送牛奶的人每天都来，杂货商、屠夫、面包师和卖冰淇淋的人—周来送货两到三次。肉可以从星期天一直吃到周三，剩余的面包和牛奶将变成各种各样的小点心。任何东西都不会被浪费，而且我们从不会为了腐烂的食物而烦恼。因此可知在冰箱发明之前不会有东西的浪费是因为人们掌握了有效的剩余食物的方法,故选D。

3.判断推理题。第三段指出:冰箱的发明对食物的保存并没有起到太多的作用，在冰箱发明之前已经有像自然冷却、盐腌等多种食物保存方法。冰箱的发明正在促进的是电力、软饮料、动物死尸的销量并且在后文中作者还讲到了冰箱对生活环境造成的影响，故可以推断出在作者看来对于冰箱的发明，最没有受益的就是消费者。

4.细节事实题。最后一段指出:冰箱对环境的影响一直都是显著的，而它带给人类的幸福却是微不足道的。如果你不信，自己试试看，做一个存放食物的橱柜，下个冬天关掉你的冰箱。你或许吃不到汉堡，但是至少能摆脱那可怕的噪音。故选A“不断产生噪声”。

5.观点态度题。文章中作者提到童年时期没有冰箱，但是还是吃得不错而且很健康，并且当时食物也储存的很好，不会造成浪费。最后两段中,作者认为世界上绝大部分的冰箱并不是在那些最能用得上它们的热带地区被发现，而是在那些富有气候温和的国家出现，这些国家几乎不需要用冰箱。可以看出作者对于冰箱是批判性的。

13.单选题

Itisfoundbyscientiststhatthediseasethatcausescoldcanbe

byairandbyclosecontact.

问题1选项

A.transmitted

B.infected

C.transformed

D.transferred

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Transmit“传输”；infect“感染，传染”；transform“改变，变形”；transfer“转让”。句意：科学家发现，引起感冒的疾病可以通过空气和密切接触传染。选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal______forlivingexpenses.

问题1选项

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项advisable“可取的”；C选项available“可获得的”；D选项applicable“适用的”。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的开销应该占总共______开销的五分之一。根据语境，这里指的是在所拥有的开销中，住房占五分之一，available“可获得的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Everybody,studentsandteachersalike,（）gladthatJackhassignedupforthecompositioncontest.

问题1选项

A.are

B.is

C.do

D.does

【答案】B

【解析】考查谓语动词。glad为形容词，表示“高兴的，乐意的”，需与be动词搭配，故排除C、D选项。studentsandteachersalike为插入语，是对主语everybody的解释说明，不影响谓语动词的选择，因此谓语动词应选用is，故本题正确答案为B选项。

16.单选题

Humanbeingsareanimals.Webreathe,eatanddigest,andreproducethesamelife（1）commontoallanimals.Inabiologicallaboratory,rats,monkeys,andhumansseemverymuchthesame.

However,biologicalunderstandingisnotenough:（2）itself,itcannevertelluswhathumanbeingsare.（3）toourphysicalequipment—thenakedhumanbody―wearenotan（4）animal.Wearetropicalcreatures,（5）hairlessandsensitivetocold.Wearenotfastandhaveneitherclawsnorsharpteethtodefendourselves.Weneedalotoffoodbuthavealmostnophysicalequipmenttohelpustogetit.Inthepurelyphysical（6）ourspeciesseemsapoor（7）forsurvival.

Butwehavesurvived-survivedandmultipliedand（8）theearth.Somedaywewillhavea（9）livingonthemoon,aplacewithneitherairnorwaterandwithtemperaturesthatturngasesintosolids.Howcanwehavedoneallthesethings?Partoftheanswerisphysical.（10）itslimitations,ourphysicalequipmenthassomeimportant（11）Wehaveexcellentvisionandhandsthatcan（12）objectswithaprecisionunmatchedbyanyother（13）.Mostimportantly,wehavealargebrainwithanalmost（14）numberofneural（15）.

Wehaveusedthisphysicalequipmenttocreateculture,thekeytooursurvivalandsuccess.IfweliveintheArctic,wesupplythewarmthourtropicalbodiesneed（16）clothing,shelter,and（17）heat.Ifamillionpeoplewanttoliveinadesertthatsuppliesnaturalfoodforonlyafewhundred,wefindwatertogrowfoodand（18）deficitsbytransportingsuppliesfromdistantplaces.Inhabitantsofoureventualmooncolonywillbringtheirownfoodandoxygenandthencreateanartificialearthenvironmenttosupplynecessities.Withculture,wecanovercomeournaturallimitations.

Itwasnotalways（19）.Ourdistantancestorswerejustanimals,facedwiththelimitsoftheirphysicalequipment.Theyhadno（20）andlackedthephysicalcapacitytouseit.

问题1选项

A.processes

B.acts

C.modes

D.procedures

问题2选项

A.On

B.With

C.For

D.By

问题3选项

A.Stripped

B.Pared

C.Peeled

D.Removed

问题4选项

A.intelligent

B.impressive

C.influential

D.incentive

问题5选项

A.barely

B.hardly

C.nearly

D.scarcely

问题6选项

A.meaning

B.judgment

C.perspective

D.sense

问题7选项

A.bet

B.chance

C.fact

D.luck

问题8选项

A.filled

B.loaded

C.stuffed

D.scattered

问题9选项

A.residence

B.colony

C.home

D.empire

问题10选项

A.Apartfrom

B.Withregardto

C.Withtheexceptionof

D.Inspiteof

问题11选项

A.abilities

B.potentials

C.capabilities

D.possibilities

问题12选项

A.maneuver

B.manage

C.manipulate

D.manufacture

问题13选项

A.animal

B.animals

C.creatures

D.creature44.

问题14选项

A.infinite

B.unknown

C.boundless

D.ceaseless

问题15选项

A.connections

B.relations

C.activities

D.accesses

问题16选项

A.for

B.to

C.with

D.by

问题17选项

A.artificial

B.fake

C.unreal

D.unauthentic

问题18选项

A.addup

B.breakup

C.makeup

D.cutup

问题19选项

A.this

B.thus

C.hence

D.that

问题20选项

A.intellect

B.equipment

C.competence

D.culture

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:A

第9题:B

第10题:D

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:A

第15题:A

第16题:D

第17题:A

第18题:C

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】（1）考查名词词义辨析。process“过程；进行；步骤”；act“行动；法令，法案；（戏剧，歌剧的）一幕”；mode“模式；方式；风格”；procedure“程序；手续；步骤”。空格处所在句子的句意是：我们呼吸、进食、消化和重现生命过程的这些模式与动物非常像。选项C符合题意。

（2）考查固定搭配。byitself“独自”。选项D符合题意。

（3）考查动词词义辨析。strip“剥夺；剥去”；pare“消减；削皮；剪；修掉（边等）”；peel“剥落；削”；remove“移动；迁移”。空格处所在句子的句意是：脱掉我们的衣服，露出赤裸的人类身体，我们不再是给人印象深刻的一种动物。选项A符合题意。

（4）考查形容词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意参考第33题，选项B符合题意。

（5）考查副词词义辨析。barely“仅仅”；hardly“几乎不”；nearly“几乎；密切地”；scarcely“几乎不”。空格处所在句子的句意是：我们是一种热情的生物，身上几乎没有毛，对冷很敏感。选项C符合题意。

（6）考查固定搭配。inthesense“从这种意义上来说”。选项D符合题意。

（7）考查名词词义辨析。bet“打赌，赌注”；chance“机会”；fact“事实”；luck“运气”。空格处所在句子的句意是：从物体的意义上来说，我们这个物种在生存上似乎不是一个好的赌注。选项A符合题意。

（8）考查动词词义辨析。fill“装满；充满；挤满”；load“使担负”；stuff“塞满；填塞”；scatter“使散开；使散播”。空格处所在句子的句意是：当时我们生存下来了，数量不断增加，并且挤满在世界的各个地方。选项A符合题意。

（9）考查逻辑关系。文章倒数第二段提到oureventualmooncolony“我们最后的月球聚居地”。所以选项B符合题意。

（10）考查介词词组辨析。apartfrom“除······之外”；withregardto“关于，至于”；withtheexceptionof“除了······之外”；inspiteof“尽管”。空格处所在句子的句意是：尽管我们的身体有很多局限，但是我们的身体设备有很多的潜能。选项D符合题意。

（11）考查名词词义辨析。ability“能力”；potential“潜能”；capability“才能，能力”；possibility“可能性”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第40题，选项B符合题意。

（12）考查动词词义辨析。maneuver“机动；演习”；manage“管理；经营”；manipulate“操纵；操作”；manufacture“制造；加工；捏造”。空格处句子所在句意：我们有着极好的视力和一双能精确使用物体上的双手，这是其他动物无法相比的。选项C符合题意。

（13）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意参考第42题。根据空格前的anyother可知空格处需要填入一个可数名词的单数形式，选项A符合题意。

（14）考查形容词词义辨析。infinite“无限的，无穷的”；unknown“未知的；不出名的”；boundless“无限的，无边无际的”；ceaseless“不断的；不停的”。空格处所在句子的句意是：更重要的是，我们拥有几乎无限数量神经连接的大脑。选项A符合题意。

（15）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意参考第44题。选项A