考研考博-英语-天津理工大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津理工大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Hamlet______hisfather’sdeathonhisuncle.

问题1选项

A.reserved

B.reverted

C.revenged

D.revealed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项reverse“颠倒、撤销、反转”；B项revert“回复、重提”；C项revenge“报复、复仇”；D项reveal“显示、透露、揭露”；句意：哈姆雷特向叔叔报了杀父之仇。revengeon“向……报复”；因此该题C项正确。

2.单选题

Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver.Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone.Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger.

Theauthoralsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight.Withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.

RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith"reallystupidbehavior"thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience."Thebasicissue"hesays,"isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis."

Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate(使缓解)theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequiresthatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightofpassengerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.

Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers.Californiaisthestrictest,withanovicedriverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.

1.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?

2.AccordingtoRobertFoss,thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto（

）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers'drivingaccidentsisthat

（

）.

5.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem（

）.

问题1选项

A.Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.

B.Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.

C.Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.

D.Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.

问题2选项

A.theirfrequentdrivingatnight

B.theirimproperwayofdriving

C.theirlackofdrivingexperience

D.theirdrivingwithpassengers

问题3选项

A.Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.

B.Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.

C.Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.

D.Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers'drivingaccidents.

问题4选项

A.drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearule

B.theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengers

C.theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveafter10p.m.

D.thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved

问题5选项

A.isunderdiscussion

B.isabouttobesetup

C.hasbeenputintoeffect

D.hasbeenperfected

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干要求判断四个选项中哪种情况最危险。根据原文前两段可知，青少年驾车载着超过3名乘客出行发生致命事故的概率是那些独自开车青少年的3倍，而青少年司机的死亡率在晚上10点，特别是午夜之后急剧上升。因此，B选项正确。A选项“成年人在晚上10点钟后搭载青少年”与C选项“成年人在晚上很晚时搭载3名以上青少年乘客”均不正确。D选项“青少年在午夜搭陌生人的车”在原文没有提及，可排除。

2.细节事实题。题干询问RobertFoss认为青少年死亡率高的原因。根据题干定位至原文第三段第一句可知，青少年司机的死亡率高与其真正愚蠢的行为关系不大，而是因为他们缺乏驾驶经验，故本题正确答案为C。A选项“频繁在晚上驾驶”：B选项“他们不恰当的驾驶方式”；D选项“他们载乘客驾驶”均与原文不符，故排除。

3.细节事实题。A选项“青少年应该花更多的时间学习驾驶”在原文并未提及，可排除；B选项“驾驶对青少年来说太复杂了所以学不会”，属于无中生有，可排除；C选项“青少年申请参加驾驶课程应当有一些限制”由第三段内容不能得出，可排除。根据原文第三段最后一句可知，根本问题是，负责发放驾照的成年人没有意识到驾驶是一项多么复杂和需要熟练度的任务。也就是说驾照发行机构应该对此事负有一定的责任。因此，只有D项与原文内容相符，故本题正确答案为D选项。

4.事实细节题。根据原文倒数第二段thewaytomitigatetheproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems可知，缓解青少年驾驶事故的方法是建立所谓的驾照分级许可制度，因此D选项“改善驾照许可制度”正确。A选项为“规定青少年要在成人陪同下驾驶”；B选项为“应该不准他们载客”：C选项为“应该禁止他们晚上10点后开车”。A、B、C三项均不符合题意，因此本题正确答案为D项。

5.事实细节题。根据题干定位至原文最后一段第二句Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesoilofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers可知，美国现在大约有一半的州已经有了分级许可制度，但只有10个州对乘客有限制。说明这种制度已经建立了，只是还不够完善。A选项“在讨论中”、B选项“即将建立”和C选项“已经被实施”都不符合，因此本题正确答案为C项。

3.单选题

IamalwaysalittlepuzzledwhenIhearpeoplecomplainaboutthedifficultiesoffindingagoodjob.Youngpeopleintheir20sexpressdissatisfactionthatallthegoodjobshavebeentakenbythoseintheir40s.Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.Olderemployeesworryaboutbeingforcedoutofthejobmarketprematurelybyyoungerpeoplewillingtoworkatentry-levelwages.Itisnotaprettypicture.

ButIdonotbuyit.Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity—ifyouremembertoapplysomebasicprinciplesofself-marketing.MostofuslearnedfromMarketing101textbooksthattherearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.

Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.Introductionturnsintothegrowthphasewhentheathletegoesfrombeingapromisingperformertoanestablishedstar.That’swheneverybodywantsapieceoftheathlete’stimeandhemuststayfocusedonhisprimarytalentandnotgetdistractedbysideissues.

Foranathlete,thetoughestthingaboutthematurephasemaysimplyberecognizingthatheorsheisinit.Ifyou’remarketingabarofsoapitiseasytotelliftheproductismature.Itisthereinthestagnantorshrinkingsalesfigures.Itisdifferentwithathletes.Notonlydotheythinkthegrowthphasewillneverendbuttheyoftendenythatthereisanydecreaseintheirathleticskillsormarketability,nomatterwhatthenumberssay.

Thedeclinephaseforanathletemaysoundharsh,butitdoesn’thavetobeifheorshethinksofitasareflectivephase.Inthisphaseanathletecanhaveatremendousfutureasalegendaryfigurewhofunctionsasanambassadorforhisorhersport.Ifyousubstitute“employee”for“athlete”intheseexamples,thesefourphasesapplytoanyindividual’scareer.

Igenuinelybelievethatwheneverpeoplefaceacareercrisis,abigreasonisbecausetheyare“outofphase”.Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers.WiththemassivedownsizingofcorporateAmerica,therearetensofthousandsoftalentedmenandwomenovertheageof50whofeelshutoutofthework-place.Tome,thesepeopleareagoldmine—notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.Andsincemanyofthemreceivedgenerousearly-retirementpackages,moneyisnottheirsolemotivation.Inotherwords,theyareaffordable.

IfIweremarketingmyselfinthematurephase.I’dfocusonthesequalities.Wisdom,experienceandaffordabilitymakeupapotentpackage.Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.

1.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

2.Whoarecomplainingaboutthedifficultiesofgettingagoodjobatthetop?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichofthefourphasescananathletehaveatremendousappeal?

5.Theauthorthinkshighlyofolderemployeesbecause___.

问题1选项

A.Mostyoungpeoplecannotfindajobiftheydon’tstudythefourphasetheory.

B.Youngpeoplewithgoodjobshavestudiedthefourphasetheory.

C.Jobseekersshouldfullyunderstandthephasetheyarein.

D.Olderemployeeswillbeforcedoutofthejobmarketbytheyoung.

问题2选项

A.Youngpeoplehoppingfromjobtojob.

B.Peopleintheirforties.

C.Olderemployeeswiththelikelihoodofearlyretirement.

D.Peoplenotcompletingthefourphasesintheircareercycle.

问题3选项

A.Onegeneration’sambitionwillsoonerorlaterbecomeareality.

B.Findingagoodjobmainlydependsonone’sage.

C.Differencesbetweengenerationsaremoreofanopportunitythanaproblem.

D.Themarketabilityofaproductcanbecomparedtothatofanathlete.

问题4选项

A.Introductionphase

B.Growthphase

C.Maturephase

D.Declinephase

问题5选项

A.theyaregoodatmarketingthemselves

B.theyareobedientandcanbeeasilycontrolled

C.theypossessbetterqualitiesinthegrowthphase

D.theyhavemorewisdom,experienceandaffordability

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段最后一句Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.（但除非你首先认识到并充分欣赏你所处的阶段，否则你无法做到这一点）可知选C选项“求职者应该充分了解他们所处的阶段”；A选项“大多数年轻人如果不学习四阶段理论就找不到工作”，B选项“有好工作的年轻人学习过四阶段理论”以及D选项“年长的雇员将被年轻人逼出就业市场”未在原文提及。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“atthetop”定位到原文第一段Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.（40多岁的人被困在劳动力的中间阶层，他们抱怨要等前辈为他们上层腾出空间）可知选B选项“40多岁的人”；A选项“年轻人经常换工作”，C选项“年龄较大的员工有可能提前退休”以及D选项“人们在他们的职业周期中没有完成四个阶段”和原文不符。因此B选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity（在我看来，两代人之间的差异不是一个问题，而是一个机会）可知选C选项“两代人之间的差异与其说是一个问题，不如说是一个机会”；A选项“一代人的抱负迟早会成为现实”，B选项“找到好工作主要取决于年龄”原文未提及；根据原文therearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.（产品或品牌的生命周期有四个阶段。名字可能不同，但基本上这四个阶段是入门，成长，成熟和衰退。作为一名管理知名运动员30多年的经理，我知道这四个阶段肯定适用于运动员的职业生涯和市场价值）可知原文并没有提到产品的市场性，D选项“产品的市场性可以与运动员的市场性相比较”错误。因此C选项符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据原文第三段第一句Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.（一个运动员的入门或启动阶段是指他或她开始比赛，表现出色，并在这项运动中吸引人们的注意力）可知选A选项“入门阶段”；B“增长阶段”，C选项“成熟阶段”，D选项“衰退期”没有提到吸引力这一项。因此A选项正确。

5.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“olderemployees”定位到原文倒数第二端Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers…notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.（我一直大力提倡招聘年长员工……不是因为他们可以得到，而是因为他们拥有员工在入门和成长阶段所缺乏的品质，即智慧和经验）可知选D选项“他们有更多的智慧，经验和负担能力”，同时可知C选项“他们在生长阶段拥有更好的品质”和原文不符；A选项“他们善于推销自己”，B选项“他们很听话，很容易控制”未提及。因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Undergraduatestudentshaveno

totherarebooksintheschoollibrary.

问题1选项

A.access

B.entrance

C.opportunity

D.path

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。accessto“接近，有权使用”。句意：本科生无法去图书馆使用里面的珍贵书籍。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury（）whatheatis.

问题1选项

A.mandidknow

B.didmanknow

C.manknew

D.didn'tmanknow

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装。notuntil位于句首时,

句子要倒装,

即将助动词提前。结构为Notuntil+助动词+（主句）主语+谓语。选项B正确。

6.单选题

TheAmericansocietyis（

）anexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresourceswhichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

问题1选项

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedto

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。（be）establishedon“建立在……之上”。句意：美国社会是建立在一种极其不稳固的自然资源基础上的，这与可能恶化的环境有联系。结合此处语义，A选项正确。

7.单选题

Between1815and1915,morethan30millionimmigrantsarrivedintheUnitedStates.ThesewerepeoplefromothercountrieswhocametomaketheUnitedStatestheirhome.

Immigrantscameformanyreasons.Someweredrivenawayfromhomebyhardshipssuchashunger,poverty,overpopulation,orpoliticalandreligioustroubles.SomewereattractedtotheUnitedStatesbythepromiseofabetterlife.Theyhadheardstoriesaboutcheapland,highwages,andevenaboutstreetspavedwithgold.Somecamebecauseofthepromiseofgreaterfreedominthisnewnation.

Inthemid-1800s,theUnitedStatesneededworkersalmosteverywhere.Workerswereneededtobuildrailroadsandbridges.TheywereneededintheslaughterhousesofChicagoandintheironandcoalminesofOhioandPennsylvania.Theywereneededinfactoriesandonfarms.Theywereneededtobuildhomesandbuildingsinthegrowingcities.AmericancompaniesadvertisedinEuropeforpeopletocometotheUnitedStates.

Thereweretwoperiodswhenimmigrantscameingreaternumbersthanusual.Between1815and1860,largenumbersofpeoplecamefromnorthernEurope.ThelargestgroupswereIrishandGermans.SomeAsians,mostlyChinese,alsocameduringthistime.

In1815,IrelandwasthemostcrowdedcountryinEurope.Mostpeoplehadnolandandlittlefoodormoney.FamilieswouldsendtheiryoungermemberstotheUnitedStates.Theyoungpeopleinturn,wouldfindjobsandsendmoneyhome.ThenthewholefamilywouldmovetotheUnitedStates.Inthe1840s,thepotatocropsfailedinIreland.Everywherepeoplediedofstarvationandfewer.Withintenyears,1.5millionIrishpeopleleftfortheUnitedStates.

MostIrishimmigrantslandedinNorthernportcitiessuchasBoston,NewYork,andPhiladelphia.Theydidnothaveenoughmoneytobuyfarms.Mostsettledinthepoorestareasofthesecities.Irishpeoplegottheworstjobsandlowestpay.Themendugcanals,builtroadsandrailroads,andworkedintextilefactories.Thewomenworkedinfactoriesorashouseholdservants.

MostGermanimmigrantscouldmoveonfromtheEasternportcities.ManyboughtfarmsintheMidwestorstartedbusinessinthenewerWesterncitiesofDetroit,Milwaukee,andChicago.

Thegoldrushof1849broughtmanyChinesetoCalifornia.Floods,typhoons,andhungerhadforcedmanyChinesetoleavetheirhomes.FromUnitedStatesmerchantshipsreachingChina,theyheardabouthighwagesandgold.In1850alone,25,000youngChinesearrivedinCalifornia.TheChineseworkedinthegoldmines.Theyhelpedbuildthefirstrailroadtocrossthenation,whichwasfinishedin1869.Later,theyworkedinlumbering,fishing,andcanningcompanies,andonfarmsinCalifornia.

ThesecondgreatwaveofimmigrantscamemostlyfromeasternandsouthernEuropebetween1890and1910.GiantfactoriesandbusinessesintheUnitedStatesneededmoreandmoreworkers.After1900,asmanyas15,000peoplewouldarriveinoneday.

ManyoftheseimmigrantswereJewsfromdifferentpartsofEuropeseekingreligiousfreedom.SouthernItaliansalsocameinlargenumbers.TheyweredrivenawayfromItalybyaverydifficultlife.SomeSicilianworkersmadeonly8centsaday.Peoplehadtoliveinstrawhousesandsometimesintombsandcaves.

Greeks,Hungarians,Russians,andPolesalsocametotheUnitedStatesduringthistime.MexicanstravelednorthtocitiesandfarmsthroughouttheUnitedStatesSouthwest.JapanesepeoplearrivedontheWestCoast.Theretheytookjobsasfarmworkersandservants.Manyeventuallyboughttheirownland.

LifeintheUnitedStateswasverydifficultforalmostallthenewimmigrants.Andyet,manyfoundsomeoftheirdreamscomingtrue.

1.Animmigrantisapersonwho（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingreasonsisNOTtrue?

3.ChineseimmigrantscametotheUnitedStatesmainlybecauseof

（

）.

4.Whohelpedbuildthefirstrailroad,whichwasfinishedin1869,tocrossthe-nation?

5.LifeintheUnitedStateswasverydifficultfor（

）.

问题1选项

A.dreamsofahappierlifeandwantsabetterjob

B.leavesone’sowncountryandsettlesinanother

C.comesasasettlerintoanothercountry

D.doessomeoddjobsinsparetime

问题2选项

A.Somewereattractedbythepromiseofgreaterfreedomorabetterlife.

B.Someweredrivenawayfromhomebystarvationorpoverty.

C.Mostoftheimmigrantslefttheirhomesbecauseofpoliticalandreligioustrouble.

D.ManyoftheimmigrantswereJewswhocametoseekreligiousfreedom.

问题3选项

A.thefailureofpotatocrops

B.thestarvationathomeandtheattractionofthegoldminesofCalifornia

C.religiousfreedom

D.politicalfreedom

问题4选项

A.Chineseimmigrants.

B.Russianimmigrants.

C.Germanimmigrants.

D.Japaneseimmigrants.

问题5选项

A.Irishimmigrantsonly

B.Chineseimmigrantsonly

C.almostallthenewimmigrants

D.alltheimmigrants

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“移民是……”。文章第一段提到“这些将美国变成自己家的人来自其他国家”（ThesewerepeoplefromothercountrieswhocametomaketheUnitedStatestheirhome）。选项B“离开自己的国家，定居另外一个国家”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“下面原因中不真实的是……”。文章第二段提到“一些人因为饥饿、贫困、人口过剩或政治和宗教问题等困难而离家出走。一些人被美国对美好生活的承诺所吸引”（Someweredrivenawayfromhomebyhardshipssuchashunger,poverty,overpopulation,orpoliticalandreligioustroubles.SomewereattractedtotheUnitedStatesbythepromiseofabetterlife），由此可知选项A“有些是被自由和美好生活的承诺吸引”,B“有些人由于饥饿和贫穷”,C“大部分移民离开家是因为政治和宗教问题”都是正确的，因此选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“中国移民来美国的主要原因是……”。文章第八段第一句话提到“1849年加利福尼亚的黄金热将很多中国人带到了那里。洪水、台风和饥饿也使得很多中国人离开自己的家乡”（Thegoldrushof1849broughtmanyChinesetoCalifornia.Floods,typhoons,andhungerhadforcedmanyChinesetoleavetheirhomes），选项B符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“帮助美国修建第一条跨州铁路的是……”。文章第八段提到“他们帮助美国修建了第一条跨州铁路，于1869年完工”（Theyhelpedbuildthefirstrailroadtocrossthenation,whichwasfinishedin1869），选项A符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“哪类人在美国生活艰难”。文章最后一段提到“几乎所有的新移民在美国生活都很困难”（LifeintheUnitedStateswasverydifficultforalmostallthenewimmigrants），选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Whenitcomes___hiswifewiththehousework,Johnnevergrumbles.

问题1选项

A.tohelp

B.andhelps

C.tohelping

D.tohavehelped

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。whenitcomestosth./doingsth.“当提到；就……而论”。句意：当谈到帮助妻子做家务时，约翰从不抱怨。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Ifthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation-conversionofliquidwatertowatervapor.Inthismanner,thesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind:this,bytheway,ishowmuchofthetablesaltweuseisactuallyobtained.

Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporationordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.

Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.

Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcourse,whenthisicemeltsitwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.

IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeepestportionsoftheoceansoftheworld.

13.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaftertheformationofoceanice?

15.WhydoestheauthormentiontheWeddellSeainthelastparagraph?

16.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewaternearthebottomofoceanswithices?

问题1选项

A.Thechangeinoceanicsalinity

B.Theprocessesofseawater

C.Theformationofourtablesalt

D.Theconversionofseawater

问题2选项

A.Thesaltisstillinthewater.

B.Theheavywatersinks.

C.Thewaterbecomesdenser.

D.Watersalinitydecreases.

问题3选项

A.Tosuggestthatithassalinityvariation.

B.TocompareAntarcticwaterswithArcticwaters.

C.Toindicatethelocationofdeepwaters.

D.Togiveanexampleofcold-watersalinity.

问题4选项

A.Itmovesveryquickly.

B.Itisrelativelywarm.

C.Itssalinityisrelativelyhigh.

D.Itisrelativelycold.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】13.主旨大意题。文章的第一句Ifthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.（如果对海水的盐度进行分析，就会发现各地的盐度差别很小。）但是有些小的变化是重要的，最后再说明了导致海洋的盐度变化的基本过程有三个：蒸发、降水和冰。文章一直围绕着盐度变化进行阐述。因此A选项“海洋盐度的变化”正确，符合题意。B选项“海水的过程”，C选项“我们食盐的形成”，D选项“海水的转化”均与题意不符，可排除。故选A。

14.推理判断题。定位在倒数第二段Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.（海水冻结时，溶于其中的物质被留了下来。这样，在新形成的海洋冰正下方的海水会比在冰块形成之前有更高的盐度。）由此可知海洋冰形成后附近水域的盐度会上升，而不是下降，因此D选项“盐度降低”错误。同理可知A选项“盐还在水里”，C选项“水变得更浓了”正确。B选项“重水下沉”定位在最后一段IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.（在南极洲附近的威德尔海，海洋中最稠密的水是由于这种冻结过程而形成的，这种冻结过程增加了冷水的盐度。）可知Thisheavywatersinks这种重水下沉也与海洋冰的形成有关。故选D。

15.推理判断题。定位在最后一段IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeepestportionsoftheoceansoftheworld.（在南极洲附近的威德尔海，海洋中浓度最高的水是由于这种冻结过程而形成的，这种冻结过程增加了冷水的盐度。这种重水下沉，在世界海洋最深的部分被发现。）还是在对第三种导致海洋的盐度变化的过程海洋冰的举例，因此答案选D选项“举冷水盐度的例子”正确，符合题意。A选项“表明它有盐度变化”，与题意不符，可排除。B选项“把南极水域和北极水域进行比较”属于无中生有，可排除。C选项“指示深水的位置”偷换主语，非深水而是重水下沉。可排除。故选D。

16.推理判断题。根据原文Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.（这样，在新形成的海洋冰正下方的海水会比在冰块形成之前有更高的盐度。）和thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.（由于这种冻结过程，海洋中最密集的水形成，增加了冷水的盐度）由此可推理出在海洋冰底下的海水浓度会更高。因此C选项“它的盐度相对较高”正确，符合题意。A选项“它移动得很快”，B选项“海水会相对暖和”，D选项“海水相当冷”，均未涉及，不符合题意，可排除。故选C。

10.单选题

Apasser-bywasquickenoughto（）thefallingchildanddrewhimoutthepathofalorry.

问题1选项

A.putaway

B.liftedup

C.grabbedat

D.soughtafter

【答案】C

【解析】动词词组辨析。putaway收拾；放好；liftedup升起；举起；鼓舞；grabbedat抓住，抓牢；soughtafter找寻，探索。句意：一个过路人很快地抓住了那个摔倒的孩子，把他拖出了卡车的轨道。选项C符合句意。

11.单选题

Manoftenwondershowtheearthevolvedfromahot,violentbirthtothecelebratedwateryplanetthat_______inpicturesfromspace.

问题1选项

A.standsfor

B.standsby

C.standsup

D.standsout

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“standsfor”意为“代表；意味着”；B选项“standsby”意为“支持；袖手旁观；准备；站在旁边”；C选项“standsup”意为“站起来；坚持；竖立；站得住脚；拥护”；D选项“standsout”意为“突出；杰出；坚持到底；坚决反对”。句意：人们常常想知道地球是如何从一个炙热、狂暴的诞生演变成这个著名的含水星球，并从太空照片中脱颖而出的。由题干可知，inpicturesfromspace（在太空照片中），说明从太空层面来看，地球与其他星球截然不同，是个含水的星球，由此脱颖而出。因此D选项符合题意。

12.单选题

（

）inIndia,thebananawasbroughttotheAmericasbythePortuguesewhofounditinAfrica.

问题1选项

A.Originallycultivated

B.Originallybeingcultivated

C.Havingoriginallycultivated

D.Althoughitoriginallycultivated

【答案】A

【解析】考查过去分词的用法。句子的主语时thebanana，从四个选项可知cultivate是一个关键词，其与thebanana的关系是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，选项C与D可以排除。主句中用的时态是was过去时，因此可以排除选项B。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Thebarintheclubisforthe（）useofitsmembers.

问题1选项

A.extensive

B.exclusive

C.inclusive

D.comprehensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项extensive“广泛的，大量的”；B选项exclusive“独有的，专一的”；C选项inclusive“包含的，包括的”；D选项comprehensive“综合的，广泛的”。句意：俱乐部内的酒吧仅对会员开放。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

14.单选题

Manyoftheconditionsthat_______populationpressures―overcrowding,unemployment,poverty,hungerandillness—leadtodissatisfaction.

问题1选项

A.bringforward

B.giveriseto

C.feedupwith

D.resultfrom

【答案】D

【解析】bringforward提出,提供;giveriseto引起,导致,使发生;feedupwith使对……厌烦;resultfrom起因于,由…造成。句意：过度拥挤、失业、贫穷、饥饿和疾病等诸多情况都是由人口压力造成的,从而导致了不满。选项D符合句意。

15.单选题

ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilder（筑堤人）culturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewestanotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.Itscenterwasbeneathpresent-daySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoencompassmostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisiansandfromOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandwarfare,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.900and1100thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofapalisaded（用栅围护）Indiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokia,asthiscenterofMississippicultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramics（陶器）finelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmica（云母）sheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintoolmaking,hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsalt-making.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Theparagraphprecedingthisonemostprobablydiscussed（

）.

3.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewas

located（

）.

4.TheMississippiancultureinfluencedthecultureofthe（

）

5.Accordingtothepassage,themoundswereusedas（

）.