考研考博-英语-合肥信息技术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥信息技术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Themailwas（）fortwodaysbecauseofthesnowstorm.

问题1选项

A.heldback

B.heldout

C.heldup

D.heldon

【答案】A

【解析】heldback隐瞒,

退缩,

控制,

阻止；heldout提出,

显示；heldup举起,

提出,

支持；heldon等一下,

继续。句意：由于暴风雪的原因,

邮件延误了两天。只有选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Effortstoeducatepeopleabouttherisksofsubstanceabuseseemtodetersomepeoplefromusingdangeroussubstances,ifsucheffortsarerealisticaboutwhatisgenuinelydangerousandwhatisnot.ObserveddeclinesintheuseofsuchdrugsasLSD,PCP,andQuaaludessincetheearly1970sareprobablyrelatedtoincreasedawarenessoftherisksoftheiruse,andsomeofthisawarenesswastheresultofwarningsaboutthesedrugsin“underground”papersreadbydrugusers.Suchsourcesareinfluential,becausetheydonotgiveasimple“alldrugsareterribleforyou”message.Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,andanti-drugeducationthatignoresordeniesthisislikelytoberidiculed.ThisisillustratedbythepopularityamongyoungmarijuanausersofReeferMadness,awidelyunrealisticpropagandafilmagainstmarijuanamadeinthe1930s.Thisfilmmadetheroundsofcollegecampusesinthe1970sandjoinedrock-musicvideosoncabletelevision’sMTVinthe1980s.Insteadofdeterringmarijuanause,itbecameacultfilmamongusers,manyofwhomgothightowatchit.

Althoughpersuasioncanworkforsomepeopleifitisbalancedandreasonable,otherpeopleseemimmunetothemostreasonededucationalefforts.Millionshavestartedsmokingeventhoughtheconsiderablehealthrisksofsmokinghavebeenwellknownandpublicizedforyears.Moreover,theusefulnessofeducationliesinprimaryprevention:preventionofabuseamongthosewhopresentlyhavenoproblem.Hence,Bomier’s(1978,p.150)contentionthat“ifthePepsigenerationcanbepersuadedtodrinkpopwine,theycanbepersuadednottodrinkitwhiledriving”isprobablynotcorrect,sincemostdrunkendrivingisdonebypeoplewhoalreadyhavesignificantdrinkingproblems,andhenceseemnottobedissuadedevenbymuchstrongermeasuressuchaslossofadriver'slicense.

1.Accordingtothepassage,uptonow,anti-drugeducation（）

2.Thefilm‘ReeferMadness’mentionedinthepassage（）

3.Themessage‘alldrugsareterribleforyou’isnotinfluentialbecause（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（）

问题1选项

A.hasmadeallpeopleseethedangerofdrugs

B.hassucceededindissuadingpeoplefromusingdrugs

C.hasbeeneffectiveonlytoacertaindegree

D.hasprovedtobeatotalfailure

问题2选项

A.effectivelydeterredmarijuanause

B.wasrejectedbyyoungmarijuanausers

C.didnotpicturethedangerofmarijuanarealistically

D.waswelcomedbymarijuanausersbecauseittoldthemhowtogethigh

问题3选项

A.itignoresthefactthatdrugsvarygreatlyindanger

B.itgivesafalseaccountoftherisksofdruguse

C.somedrugsaregoodforhealth

D.itdoesnotappearinundergroundpapers

问题4选项

A.Sometimesbalancedandreasonableanti-drugpersuasionisinfluentialtosomepeople.

B.Mostdrugusersareignorantofthedangerofdrugs.

C.Punishmentssuchaslossofadriver’slicensedonotseemtobeaneffectivewaytostopdrunkendriving.

D.Primarypreventionisausefulprincipletobefollowedinanti-drugeducation.

问题5选项

A.AreAllDrugsTerribleforYou?

B.DoPeopleBelieveWhatUndergroundPapersSay?

C.IsThereanIncreasedAwarenessoftheRisksofDrugs?

D.CanPersuasionReduceDrugAbuse?

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的第一句“Althoughpersuasioncanworkforsomepeopleifitisbalancedandreasonable,otherpeopleseemimmunetothemostreasonededucationalefforts.”虽然平衡和合理的说服对一些人来说是有效的，但另一些人似乎不受这些最合乎逻辑的教育工作的影响。也就是说反毒品教育只起到了一部分的作用，选项C符合原文。

2.语义题。根据第一段的最后一句“Insteadofdeterringmarijuanause,itbecameacultfilmamongusers,manyofwhomgothightowatchit.”这部电影非但没有阻止人们吸食大麻，反而成为了用户中的一部邪典电影，很多人为了看这部电影而兴奋不已。选项C符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段“Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,andanti-drugeducationthatignoresordeniesthisislikelytoberidiculed.”吸毒者知道毒品存在着巨大的危险，忽视或否认这一点的禁毒教育是很可笑的。选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据原文“Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,”吸毒者知道毒品存在着巨大的危险。所以选项B错误。

5.主旨大意题。第一段讲了禁毒教育并没有起到很好的效果，第二段讲了劝说只是对部分人起到作用。所以本文主要是讲劝说能减少毒品滥用吗？选项D正确。

3.单选题

Shewasagreathelptoherfamilywhenherfathersufferedamental（）andhadtobehospitalized.

问题1选项

A.destruction

B.disaster

C.damage

D.collapse

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:destruction“破坏，毁灭”；B:disaster“灾难；不幸”；C:damage“损害”；D:collapse“崩溃；衰弱”。句意：当她的父亲精神上受到伤害，不得不住院时，她对家人帮助很大。根据句意，精神伤害应为mentaldamage，故C为正确答案。

4.不定项选择题

AlanChangwasahandsomeyoungmanwithgoodmanners.

Onemorninghewaswalkingalongastreetonhiswaytoanappointment.Hedidnotwanttobeearlyorlate.Hehadforgottentoputonhiswatchsohewentuptoamanwhowaswaitingforataxi.

“Excuseme,sir,”hesaid,verypolitely,“butcouldyoutellmethetime?”

Theman,whowasverywell-dressedandlookedquiterich,saidnothing.HedidnotevenlookatAlan.

Alanspoketohimagain.“Excuseme,sir,”hesaid,“butcouldyoupleasetellmewhattimeis?”

Thistimethemanlookedathim,buthedidnotspeakandlookedquicklyaway.

Alanthoughttohimself:Well,he’snotdeaf.Hemustbejustrude.

“Whywon’tyoutellmethetime,sir?”hedemanded.

Themanturnedtowardshimandsaid,“Trytounderstandme,Iamstandingherewaitingforataxi.Youcomeuptomeandaskmeforthetime.IfItellittoyou,youwillthankme.Iwillsay,‘That’sallright.’Youmaythensay,‘It’sabeautifulday,’towhichImayreply‘Yes,Ilikethesesunnywinterdays.’Beforeweknowwhatishappeningwehaveafriendlyconversation.Youareapleasant,politeyoungmanandsowhenmytaxicomes,Iofferyouaride.Youaccept.Wetalk.Ilikeyou.Youlikeme.Iinviteyoutomyhome.Youmeetmydaughter.Sheisaveryprettygirl.Youareagood-lookingman.Youlikeeachother.Soonyoufallinlove.Youwanttomarry.Nowdoyouunderstandmyproblem?”

Alanshookhishead.

“Nosir,I’msorry,Idon’t.Everythingyouhavesaidseemsverynaturaltome.”

“Exactly,”themansaid,“andIdonotwantmydaughtertomarryamanwhoistoopoortobuyawatch.Goodmorningtoyou,”andwiththesewordshehurriedaway.

1.WhydidAlanaskthemanwhattimeitwas?

2.WhatdidAlanthinkthemanwaswhenhewouldnottellhimthetime?

3.Whydidn’tthemantellAlanthetime?

4.WhatkindofamandidthemanconsiderAlanChang?

5.Whatisthestoryreallyabout?

问题1选项

A.Hewaslate.

B.Hewasearly.

C.Hehadforgottentoputonhiswatch.

D.Hewantedtomeettheman’sdaughter.

问题2选项

A.rude

B.deaf

C.stupid

D.unabletospeakEnglish

问题3选项

A.Hedidnotknowit.

B.Hedidnothaveawatch.

C.HethoughtAlanwasathief.

D.HedidnotwanttospeaktoAlan.

问题4选项

A.athief

B.apoorman

C.acheat

D.arichman

问题5选项

A.tellingthetime

B.beingrudetopeople

C.notspeakingtostrangers

D.onethingleadingtoanother

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由第二段第三句Hehadforgottentoputonhiswatchsohewentuptoamanwhowaswaitingforataxi（他忘了戴表，所以走到一个正在等出租车的人面前）可知C选项“他忘了戴表”正确。

第2题:事实细节题。由第七段Alanthoughttohimself:Well,he’snotdeaf.Hemustbejustrude（艾伦心想：嗯，他不是聋子。他一定只是没有礼貌）可知，A选项“粗鲁的，无礼的”正确。

第3题:推理判断题。由文章第九段至末尾可知，“那个男人”不想让女儿嫁给Alan，因此不想跟他说话，因此D选项符合题意。A、B、C选项在本文中均未被提及。

第4题:事实细节题。由最后一段中的Idonotwantmydaughtertomarryamanwhoistoopoortobuyawatch（我不希望我的女儿嫁给一个穷得连手表都买不起的人）可知Alan被认为是一个穷人，因此B选项正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章讲述了Alan向路人打听时间，路人却想象了“Alan会跟他相谈甚欢，然后他邀请Alan搭便车，之后邀请Alan去他家，Alan见到了他的女儿并与他女儿陷入爱河”等一系列事情，因此D选项“一件事引发另一件事”符合题意。

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinabattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatignoble.Thebestwaytoovercomeit—soatleastitseemstome―istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglypartoftheuniversallife.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowwider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomepartofthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.

【答案】有些老年人恐惧死亡。要是年轻人这样想.那倒情有可原。那些害怕在战争中阵亡的年轻人，想到自己被生活所欺骗，错失了生命中最美好的东西，感到苦涩理所当然。但对于一个饱尝了人间悲欢离合，实现一生抱负的老人来说，恐惧死亡就有点不光彩了。战胜对死亡的恐惧的最好的方法是——至少对我而言是可行的一一逐步拓宽你的兴趣，并使其不受人际感情的影响，直到自我的围城慢慢地消失，你的生命加快融入到众生之中。一个人应当像一条河流，开始时窄而浅，静静流淌于两岸之中，然后，奔腾冲击于岩石之间，飞流直下于高崖之处。慢慢地，河流越走越宽，河岸逐步退去，水流更显平缓，直到最后，毫无迹象地融入大海，平和地失去了个体的存在。

6.单选题

Samanthasobbeduncontrollablyandhidinthelockerroom,so______wassheabouthavinglostinthefinalsofthestatetennischampionship.

问题1选项

A.pragmatic

B.dejected

C.jubilant

D.indifferent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pragmatic“务实的”；B选项dejected“沮丧的”；C选项jubilant“欢呼雀跃的”；D选项indifferent“漠不关心的”。句意：萨曼莎控制不住哭泣，躲在更衣室里，非常______她输掉了州网球锦标赛的决赛。输掉比赛以后萨曼莎哭泣，躲在更衣室里不想见人，B选项dejected“沮丧的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

The"standardofliving"ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.（1）."Wealth"inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:"goods"suchasfoodand,clothing,and"services"suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.（2）.Someregionoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate,otherregionspossessnoneofthem.

（3）.Somecountriesareperhapswelloffinnaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonshavebeenunabletodeveloptheirresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.（4）Acountry’sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedandconsumedwithinitsownborders,butalsouponwhatisindirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltrade.（5）.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplusmanufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproductsthatwouldotherwisebelacking.Acountry’swealthis,therefore,muchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity,providedthatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.

问题1选项

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

问题2选项

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

问题3选项

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

问题4选项

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

问题5选项

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:F

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一句提到“任何国家的‘生活水平’是指国家生产的商品和服务的平均份额”，空格后关键词“wealth财富”可推断中间内容应与“生活标准和财富”有关，C项“因为，一个国家的生活水平首先取决于其创造财富的能力”符合题意，故选C。

2.文章第二段第一句提到“一个国家创造财富的能力取决于许多因素，其中大多数因素相互影响”，空格后提到“世界上有些地区的煤炭和矿物供应充足，土壤肥沃，气候宜人，其他地区则没有。”推断中间内容应该是阐述“财富与煤、矿产等资源的关系”，F项“财富在很大程度上取决于一个国家的自然资源，如煤炭、黄金和其他矿产、供水等”符合题意，故选F。

3.空格后提到“有些国家自然资源虽然很丰富，但由于多年来战争和一些其他原因一直无法开发其资源”可推断此处应阐述“自然资源与开发自然资源的能力”，B项“排在自然资源后的是将自然资源转化使用的能力”符合题意，故选B。

4.空格前文提到“另外一个重要因素是一个国家人民技术效率”可推断此处应阐述与“技术相关内容”，A项“已经培训了许多熟练工人和技术人员的工业化国家比其他工人不熟练的国家更有能力创造财富”符合题意，故选A。

5.空格前文提到“一个国家的生活水平不仅取决于在本国境内生产和消费的财富，而且还取决于通过国际贸易间接生产的财富”，空格后提到“贸易使她剩余的制成品能够在国外进行贸易，以换取自身所缺乏的农产品。”可推断空格处“应该列举一个例子”由此导出下文的结论，D项“例如，如果它只能依靠国内生产，英国在食品和其他农产品方面的财富要少得多”符合题意，故选D。

8.单选题

______isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

问题1选项

A.As

B.What

C.That

D.It

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.As就像，作为B.What什么

C.That那个D.It它

【考查点】定语从句。

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，主句结构完整，所以前半句为非限制性定语从句，修饰后面整个主句，空格处要填入一个引导词，而as引导非限制性定语从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾，所以该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都不能引导非限制定定语从句。

【句意】人们普遍认为，经济增长取决于生产的顺利发展。

9.单选题

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（

）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

问题1选项

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这个市长是一位非常正直的女士，因此值得我们在政治上和经济上的支持。

形近词辨析。Intention意图，目的;instinct本能，直觉;integrity正直,诚实;intensity强烈，激情。根据句意判断C正确。

10.单选题

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题1选项

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

问题2选项

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

问题3选项

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

问题4选项

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

问题5选项

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

11.单选题

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschoolCognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNeward.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,lienotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.

Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward（）.

2.Whatistheresponseofmanyeducatorstoexternalrewardsfortheirstudents?

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestraisestudents'creativityaccordingtoRoberEisenberger?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve（）.

5.Thephrase“tokeneconomies”(Line1，Para5)probablyrefersto（）.

问题1选项

A.thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragement

B.theamountofmonetaryrewardsforstudent'screativity

C.thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences

D.theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudentsperformance

问题2选项

A.Theyhavenodoubtsaboutthem

B.Theyhavedoubtsaboutthem

C.Theyapproveofthem

D.Theyavoidtalkingaboutthem

问题3选项

A.Assigningthemtaskstheyhavenotdealtwithbefore

B.Assigningthemtaskswhichrequireinventiveness

C.Givingthemrewardstheyreallydeserve.

D.Givingthemrewardstheyanticipate.

问题4选项

A.rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudents

B.punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewarding

C.failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandards

D.discouragingthestudent’santicipationforeasyrewardsisamatterofurgency

问题5选项

A.waystodevelopeconomy

B.systemsofrewardingstudents

C.approachestosolvingproblems

D.methodsofimprovingperformance

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一句话“Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,aflectmotivationandcreativity”可知，心理学家对于外部奖励（不论是精神鼓励还是物质奖励）如何影响动机和创造力持对立观点。因此，心理学家因“外部奖励对学生行为的影响持不同态度”而分成两派。本题正确答案为D项。

2.推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了Behaviorists和Cognitiveresearchers的两种不同观点。而由文章第二段第一句话Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.可知，后者的观点，也就是Cognitiveresearchers获得了很多的支持，尤其是在教育工作者中。他们认为奖赏会摧毁创造力。因此，大多数教育工作者对给予学生的外部奖励持否定态度。正确答案为B项。

3.推理判断题。在文章第三段中，theUniversityofDelaware的RobertEisenberger表述了自己对于奖励机制的观点。他认为如果孩子们知道是为得到奖励而学习，并能专注完成相对有挑战性的任务，他们就会表现出最大的创造性。但如果对表现不好的孩子也给予奖励，或者让他们对奖励有过分的期待，那么就很容易扼杀他们的创造力。因此，只有奖励该得奖励的孩子，才能发挥其创造性，正确答案为C项。

4.推理判断题。题干：大学正试图严格评分标准是因为他们认为什么？由文章第四段Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.可知，重点大学加强分级标准是因为“thelatterpoint”，也就是第三段中提及的it’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards这一观点，因此A项符合题意。

5.考查词汇题。分析tokeneconomies后的定语从句inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity.可知，在这种机制下，学生能解决富有挑战性的任务并且获得奖励，这将有望提高学生的努力度和创造性。因此，本题正确答案为B项“奖励学生的机制”。

12.单选题

JohnaskedMary（）forherelectronicdictionary.

问题1选项

A.didshepayhowmuch

B.shepaidhowmuch

C.howmuchdidshepay

D.howmuchshepaid

【答案】D

【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。空格处所在句子为宾语从句，从句的语序应为：疑问词+主语+谓语。故D项正确。句意：John问Mary买的电子词典多少钱。

13.单选题

Hearsayevidenceconsistsofstatementsmadeoutofcourtbysomeonewhoisnotpresenttotestifyunderoathatatrial.

问题1选项

A.mistrust

B.dispute

C.scrutiny

D.pledge

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。oath表示“誓言，誓约，诅咒”；A项mistrust“不信任，怀疑”，B项dispute“辩论，争吵，意见不同”，C项scrutiny“详细审查，监视，细看”，D项pledge“保证，誓言，抵押”。句意：非直接证据指的是某人在法庭上宣誓作证时所作的证词。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。

14.单选题

Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.

ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.

Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylargenumbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.

Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;oftheestimated48firesinworldhistory,thatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.

IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.

TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildingscodesnowrequirehomesprinklers.Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.

1.ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat（

）.

2.AlthoughthefiredeathratehasdeclinedtheUnitedStates

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.Whataspectsof