考研考博-英语-内蒙古师范大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古师范大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theypersecutethosewhodonot（）totheirideas.

问题1选项

A.surrender

B.confirm

C.submit

D.conform

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。surrender“投降，屈服”，一般指战败而屈服；confirm“确认，证实”，一般指通过提供证据证明或表明某事物（绝对）正确；submit“服从，提交”，一般指放弃抵抗，愿意服从对方；conform“符合，遵守”，侧重于以同一群体或社会中大多数人的相同方式行动和思考。句意：他们迫害那些不信奉他们思想的人。这里的关键词是“idea”，所以选项D最恰当。

2.单选题

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（）manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

问题1选项

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquires

【答案】D

【解析】句意:只有通过学习，才能获得许多处理各种情况的常用方法。

考查动词辨析。retain保留；gain获得，赢得（尤指想要的或所需的事物）；resort求助，采取（最后）手段；acquire（靠自己的能力、努力或行为）获得，得到。该处为一个动词，宾语为“habitualways常用方式”。因此，D项符合句意。

3.单选题

Likemanyotheraspectsofthecomputerage,Yahoobeganasanidea,（1）intoahobbyandlatelyhas（2）intoafull-timepassion.ThetwodevelopersofYahoo,DavidFiloandJerryYang,Ph.Dcandidates（3）ElectricalEngineeringatStanfordUniversity,startedtheirguideinApril1994asawaytokeep（4）oftheirpersonalinterestontheInternet.Beforelongthey（5）thattheirhomebrewedlistswerebecomingtoolongand（6）.GraduallytheybegantospendmoreandmoretimeonYahoo.

During1994,they（7）Yahoointoacustomizeddatabasedesignedto（8）theneedsofthethousandsofusers（9）begantousetheservicethroughtheclosely（10）Internetcommunity.Theydevelopedcustomizedsoftwaretohelpthem（11）locate,identifyandeditmaterial（12）ontheInternet.ThenameYahoois（13）tostandfor“YetAnotherHierarchicalOfficiousOrale”,butFiloandYanginsisttheyselectedthe（14）becausetheyconsideredthemselvesYahoos.Yahooitselffirst（15）onYang’sworkstation,“akebono”,whilethesearchenginewas（16）onFilo’scomputer,“Konishiki".

Inearly1995MarcAndersen,co-founderofNetscapeCommunicationinMountainView,California,invitedFiloandYangtomovetheirfiles（17）tolargercomputers（18）atNetscape.AsaresultStanford’scomputernetworkreturnedto（19）,andbothpartiesbenefited.Today,Yahoo（20）organizedinformationontensofthousandsofcomputerslinkedtotheweb.

问题1选项

A.became

B.grew

C.turn

D.intend

问题2选项

A.made

B.saw

C.looked

D.turned

问题3选项

A.in

B.on

C.about

D.for

问题4选项

A.touch

B.contact

C.track

D.record

问题5选项

A.founded

B.found

C.argued

D.reported

问题6选项

A.unwieldy

B.tough

C.tamable

D.invaluable

问题7选项

A.exchanged

B.shank

C.sold

D.converted

问题8选项

A.explain

B.serve

C.discover

D.evaluate

问题9选项

A.which

B.that

C.actually

D.eagerly

问题10选项

A.relative

B.interactive

C.bound

D.contacted

问题11选项

A.fluently

B.efficiently

C.exactly

D.actually

问题12选项

A.transmitted

B.purchased

C.sold

D.stored

问题13选项

A.about

B.bound

C.going

D.supposed

问题14选项

A.fable

B.model

C.name

D.brand

问题15选项

A.supported

B.resided

C.lived

D.launched

问题16选项

A.connected

B.lodged

C.introduced

D.linked

问题17选项

A.over

B.away

C.inside

D.beneath

问题18选项

A.housed

B.caught

C.hosed

D.hidden

问题19选项

A.average

B.normal

C.ordinary

D.equal

问题20选项

A.attains

B.detains

C.maintains

D.contains

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:B

第9题:B

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:D

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:B

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】1.固定搭配。选项A和D不符合语法结构；grewinto强调发展的结果，turninto强调前后两种情况的对比。这里指主意发展成为爱好，所以选项B正确。

2.固定搭配。根据句意可知，这里是转变成另一种情况，前后形成对比，所以用turn,选项D正确。

3.介词用法。表示“在……领域”，用介词in。选项A正确。

4.固定搭配。keeptrackof意为“记录，与保持联系”，为固定搭配。选项A后面一般接介词in；选项B后面一般接介词with；keeprecord指保留记录，不符合句意。所以本题选C。

5.上下文语义。根据句意：没过多久，他们就发现自己的自制清单变得越来越长。选项B符合句意。

6.形容词词义辨析。unwieldy指笨拙的，不实用的，难处理的。根据句意可知，这里是指清单太长以至于很难处理，所以选项A更符合语境。

7.固定搭配。o为常用搭配，意为“将……转换成……”。选项D符合句意。

8.动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指满足客户的需求，与后面的service相呼应，所以选项B更恰当。

9.定语从句。根据句意可知，that在这里引导定语从句，修饰users，所以选项B正确。

10.上下文语义。根据句意可知，这里是“联系紧密”的意思，所以填入选项C更符合语境。

11.副词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里修饰的不仅仅是locate，还有identify和edit，所以填入选项B（有效的）更符合语境。

12.上下文语义。这里指编辑存储在电脑里面的资料，所以选项D符合句意。

13.固定搭配。besupposedto意为“被认为，被要求”,为固定搭配。选项D符合句意。

14.上下文语义。根据上一句可知，这里应填入上句提到的name，选项C符合句意。

15.上下文语义。句意：雅虎最初是在JerryYang的工作站上成立的。选项A后面一般接by，表示由支持；选项C不符合句意；选项D的主语是人，表示开始，着手做某事。resideon表示位于，选项B符合句意。

16.固定搭配。belodgedon为固定搭配，意为“安置”。这里指搜索引擎在Filo的电脑里面，选项B符合句意。选项A和D后面一般接介词to；选项C不符合句意，所以本题选B。

17.固定搭配。moveover表示将某物转移至另一个地方。这里指邀请FiloandYang将他们的文件转移到更大的电脑上，选项A符合句意。

18.固定搭配。housedat表示“定居于，固定于某地”。这里指固定于美国网景公司的电脑。选项A符合句意。

19.形容词词义辨析。句意：斯坦福大学的计算机网络恢复正常。选项B符合语境。

20.动词词义辨析和上下文语义。句意：现在雅虎涵盖了数以万计连接到网络的计算机上的有组织的信息。选项D符合原文句意。

4.翻译题

ItwasonlyafterIstartedtowriteaweeklycolumnaboutthemedicaljournals,andbegantoreadscientificpapersfrombeginningtoend,thatIrealizedjusthowbadmuchofthemedicalliteraturefrequentlywas.Icametorecognizevarioussignsofabadpaper:thekindofpaperthatpurportstoshowthatpeoplewhoeatmorethanonekiloofbroccoliaweekwere1.17timesmorelikelythanthosewhoeatlesstosufferlateinlifefromperniciousanaemia.(1)Thereisagreatdealofthiskindofnonsenseinthemedicaljournalswhich,whentakenupbybroadcastersandthelaypress,generatesbothhealthscaresandshort-liveddietaryenthusiasms.

Whyissomuchbadsciencepublished?Arecentpaper,titled“TheNaturalSelectionofBadScience”,publishedontheRoyalSociety'sopensciencewebsite,attemptstoanswerthisintriguingandimportantquestion.Itsaysthattheproblemisnotmerelythatpeopledobadscience,butthatourcurrentsystemofcareeradvancementpositivelyencouragesit.Whatisimportantisnottruth,butpublication,whichhasbecomealmostanendinitself.Therehasbeenakindofinflationaryprocessatwork:(2)nowadaysanyoneapplyingforaresearchposthastohavepublishedtwicethenumberofpapersthatwouldhavebeenrequiredforthesamepostonly10yearsago.Nevermindthequality,then,countthenumber.

(3)Attemptshavebeenmadetocurbthistendency,forexample,bytryingtoincorporatesomemeasureofqualityaswellasquantityintotheassessmentofanapplicant'spaper.Thisisthefamedcitationindex,thatistosaythenumberoftimesapaperhasbeenquotedelsewhereinthescientificliterature,theassumptionbeingthatanimportantpaperwillbecitedmoreoftenthanoneofsmallaccount.(4)Thiswouldbereasonableifitwerenotforthefactthatscientistscaneasilyarrangetocitethemselvesintheirfuturepublications,orgetassociatestodosofortheminreturnforsimilarfavours.

Boilingdownanindividual'soutputtosimplemetrics,suchasnumberofpublicationsorjournalimpacts,entailsconsiderablesavingsintime,energyandambiguity.Unfortunately,thelong-termcostsofusingsimplequantitativemetricstoassessresearchermeritarelikelytobequitegreat.(5)Ifweareseriousaboutensuringthatourscienceisbothmeaningfulandreproducible,wemustensurethatourinstitutionsencouragethatkindofscience.

【答案】1.【参考译文】医学期刊中由有多类似的无稽之谈，这些说法一旦被广播公司和新闻媒体报道，就会引发健康恐慌和短暂的饮食热潮。

2.【参考译文】如今，任何申请研究职位的人都必须发表两倍于10年前同一职位所需的论文数量。

3.【参考译文】人们已经做出努力来遏制这种趋势，例如，将质量和数量标准纳入申请者的论文评估中。

4.【参考译文】如果不是因为科学家们可以很容易地在未来的出版物中引用自己的观点，或者让同事为他们这样做以换取类似的好处，这将是合理的。

5.【参考译文】如果我们确实要保证我们的科学既有意义又可再生，那么我们必须确保我们的机构鼓励这种科学的进步。

5.单选题

Grandmaalwayspaidattentiontotheneeds,wishesandfeelingsofthosearoundher.Shewasthemost（

）womanI’veeverknown.

问题1选项

A.artificial

B.merry

C.considerate

D.brilliant

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。artificial人造的；merry愉快的；considerate体贴的，考虑周到的；brilliant杰出的。句意：奶奶总是关注身边人的需求、愿望和感受。她是我所认识的最体贴的女人。选项C符合语境。

6.单选题

FirefighterswerenotattackingthemajorfiresinVirginiadirectlybutwereputtingouthotspotsthatcouldprovedangerousifwinds().

问题1选项

A.pickedup

B.pickedout

C.pickedthrough

D.pickedin

【答案】A

【解析】pickup捡起，获得，收拾；pickout挑选出；pick不与through和in搭配。句意：消防队员没有直接扑灭维吉尼亚州的大火，而是正在扑灭一些如果被风吹到可能会变得很危险的热点地区。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

Duringhistwo-monthstayinChina,Tomnever（）achancetopracticehisChinese.

问题1选项

A.passedon

B.passedup

C.passedby

D.passedout

【答案】B

【解析】动词词组辨析。passon传递，继续，去世；passup拒绝，错过；passby走过，经过；passout分发，昏倒。这里指没有错过一次练习中文的机会。选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

Hewasinextremestateofdistressanddepressionwhenheknewthathehad（）lungcancer.

问题1选项

A.extracted

B.contracted

C.abstracted

D.attracted

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配题。contractadisease为固定搭配,意为"感染疾病";extract"提取;搾出",一般与介词from连用;abstract"提取,摘要";attract"吸引,引起…的注意"。句意：当他知道自己得了肺癌时，他极度痛苦和沮丧。

9.单选题

1.Formorethan50yearsmicrobiologistintheUSandEuropehavewarnedagainstusingantibioticstofattenupfarmanimals.Thepractice,theyargue,threatenshumanhealthbyturningfarmsintobreedinggroundsofdrug-resistantbacteria.Farmersrespondedthatrestrictingantibioticsinlivestockwoulddevastatetheindustryandsignificantlyraisecoststoconsumers.Wenowhaveempiricaldatathatshouldresolvethisdebate.Sine1995Denmarkhasenforcedprogressivelytighterrulesontheuseofantibioticsintheraisingofpigs,poultryandotherlivestock.Intheprocess,ithasshownthatitispossibletoprotecthumanhealthwithouthurtingfarmers.

2.Farmersinmanycountriesuseantibioticsintwokeyways:(1)atfullstrengthtotreatanimalsthataresickand(2)inlowdosestofattenmeat-producinglivestockortopreventveterinaryillnesses.(ItisillegalintheUStosellmilkforhumanconsumptionfromdairycattletreatedwithantibiotics.）Althougheventheproperuseofantibioticscaninadvertentlyleadtothespreadofdrug-resistantbacteria,thehabitofusingalowor"sub-therapeutic"doseisaformulafordisaster:thetreatmentprovidesjustenoughantibiotictokillsomebutnotallbacteria.Thegermsthatsurvivearetypicallythosethathappentobeargeneticmutationsforresistingtheantibiotic.Theythenreproduceandexchangegeneswithothermicrobialresisters.Becausebacteriaarefoundliterallyeverywhere,resistantstrainsproducedinanimalseventuallyfindtheirwayintopeopleaswell.Youcouldhardlydesignabettersystemforguaranteeingthespreadofantibioticresistance.

3.Thedatafrommultiplestudiesovertheyearssupporttheconclusionthatlowdosesofantibioticsinanimalsincreasethenumberofdrug-resistantmicrobesinbothanimalsandpeople.AsJoshuaM.Scharfstein,aprincipaldeputycommissionerattheFoodandDrugAdministration,toldaUScongressionalsubcommitteelastsummer,"Youactuallycantracethespecificbacteriaaroundandfindthattheresistantstrainsinhumansmatchtheresistantstrainsintheanimals."AndthisscienceiswhatledDenmarktostopsub-therapeuticdosin^ofchickens,pigsandotherfarmanimals.

4.Althoughthetransitionunfoldedsmoothlyinthepoultryindustry,theaverageweightofpigsfellinthefirstyear.ButafterDanishfarmersstartedleavingsowsandpigletstogetherafewweekslongertobolsterthelittennates*immunesystemsnaturally,theanimals’weightsjumpedbackup,andthenumberofpigsperlitterincreasedaswell.Thelessonisthatimprovinganimalhusbandry——makingsurethatpens,stallsandcagesareproperlycleanedandgivinganimalsmoreroomortimetomature-offsetstheinitialnegativeimpactoflimitingantibioticuse.TodayDanishindustryreportsthatproductivityishigherthanbefore.MeanwhilereportsofantibioticresistanceinDanishpeoplearemixed,whichshows——asifweneededreminding——thattherearenoquickfixes.

5.LestanyonearguethatDenmarkistoosmalltoofferareasonableparalleltotheUS,considerthatitistheworld'slargestexporterofpork.LikeUSfarmers,Danesraisepigsonanintensive,industrialscale.Iftheycanfigureouthowtolimitantibioticusewhileactuallyincreasingagriculturalproductivity,thensocanAmericans.TheAmericanMedicalAssociation,theInfectiousDiseasesSocietyofAmerica,theAmericanPublicHealthAssociation,apreviousFDAcommissionerandmanyothershaveadvisedtheUStofollowsuit.LastyeartheFDApublishednewguidelinescallingfor’’judicioususe"ofantibiotics.Yetitultimatelyleftthedecisiononexactlywhenandwheretouseantibioticsuptoindividualfarmers.Thatlaissez-fairestandardisnotgoodenough,particularlywhenthehealthoftherestofthepopulationisatstake.

6.Ofcourse,thewayveterinaryantibioticsareusedisnottheonlycauseofhumandrug-resistantinfections.Carelessuseofthedrugsinpeoplealsocontributestotheproblem.Butagriculturaluseisstillamajorcontributingfactor.Everydaythatpassesbringsnewevidencethatweareindangeroflosingeffectiveantibioticprotectionagainstmanyofthemostdangerousbacteriathatcausehumanillness.Thetechnicalissuesaresolvable.Denmark'sexampleprovesthatitispossibletocutantibioticuseonfarmswithouttriggeringfinancialdisaster.Infact,itmightprovideacompetitiveadvantage.Strongermeasurestodeprivedrug-resistantbacteriaoftheiragriculturalbreedinggroundssimplymakescientific,economicandcommonsense.

1.Thisarticle（

）.

2.Overthelasthalf-century,manyWesternscientistshaveexpressedconcernabouttheconsequencesof（

）.

3.Thewordinadvertentlyinparagraph2means（

）.

4.Thetoneofthefinalsentenceinparagraph2is（

）.

5.WhentheDanishauthoritiesorderedfarmerstoceasegivinglowdosesofantibioticstotheirfarmanimals（

）.

6.Accordingtothearticle,theDanishgovernment’sdecisionin1995tolimittheuseofantibioticsbyfarmers（

）.

7.Theauthorarguesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.wasprobablywrittenprimarilyformicrobiologists

B.isastraightforwardaccountofrecentadvancesintheuseofantibiotics

C.ismainlyacriticalaccountofactionstakenbyDanishandUSfarmers

D.seemsintendedtocontributetoanongoingdebate

问题2选项

A.usingantibioticstotreathumandiseases

B.givingantibioticstofarmanimals

C.usingantibioticstospeedupweightgaininyoungfarmanimals

D.resistancetotheuseofantibioticsamongfarmersraisinganimals

问题3选项

A.bydesign

B.theoppositeofbydesign

C.deliberately

D.unfortunately

问题4选项

A.threatening

B.ironic

C.reassuring

D.neutral

问题5选项

A.thefarmersrefusedtocooperatewiththegovernment

B.alloftheanimalstooklongertoputonweight

C.youngpigsgainedlessweightintheirfirstyear

D.productivityquicklybegantorise

问题6选项

A.hasledtohealthierchickensbuttolesshealthypigs

B.hasprovokedconcernamongDanishfarmersaboutlong-termproductivityproblems

C.hassignificantlyimprovedthehealthofhumanbeingaswellasoffarmanimals

D.hasnotyetledtoanindisputabledropinantibioticresistanceamonghumanbeings

问题7选项

A.asmallcountrylikeDenmarkisaquestionablemodelforlargersocieties

B.theexperienceoftheDanishporkindustryisquiteapplicabletoanimalhusbandryinotherlargercountries

C.theUSisactuallytheonlyothercountrythatcanbenefitfromDanishexperience,atleastatpresent

D.Americanpigfarmersareveryunlikelytoacceptgovernment-imposedlimitsontheiruseofantibiotics

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首先提出了美国和欧洲国家存在的一个争议话题“微生物学家提出不能在畜牧业方面使用抗生素，但农民群体却回应说停止使抗生素将会给畜牧行业带来灾难性后果”，随后文章围绕“抗生素使用的危害”以及“在畜牧行业停止使抗生素能否避免产生灾难性后果”这两方面的问题展开，因此可以推知文章主要是针对在畜牧业方面使用抗生素所引发的争论，故答案为D(似乎有助于现下的讨论)。

2.细节事实题。第一段:Formorethan50yearsmicrobiologistintheUSandEuropehavewarnedagainstusingantibioticstofattenupfarmanimals.Thepractice,theyargue,threatenshumanhealthbyturningfamsintobreedinggroundsofdrug-resistantbacteria(在过去的50年里，美国和欧洲国家的微生物学家警示说不能通过使用抗生素来增加家畜的重量。这种行为相当于是将农场变成了耐药菌的温床，从而对人类健康构成威胁)。因此科学家担心的是使用抗生素加速增加幼年家畜体重所带来的后果。

3.词义题。根据题干定位至第二段:Althougheventheproperuseofantibioticscaninadvertentlyleadtothespreadofdrug-resistantbacteria,thehabitofusingalowor"sub-therapeutic"doseisaformulafordisaster:thetreatmentprovidesjustenoughantibiotictokillsomebutnotallbacteria。主句句意为:习惯性地使用少剂量的抗生素也会导致灾难性后果：使用的抗生素的确能够杀死细菌，但只是一部分。而且主从句之间为让步关系,因此推测从句句意为:虽然抗生素的合理使用只会在无意之中导致耐药菌的传播。因此选B“无意地”。

4.态度方向题。第二段最后一句:Youcouldhardlydesignabettersystemforguaranteeingthespreadofantibioticresistance。字面意思是“在保证抗生素抗药性的传播方面，你几乎不能找到更好的方式了”，实际意思是说当前抗生素使用现状为耐药菌的传播提供了最好的条件，故这句是一个反语，答案选项为B。

5.细节事实题。第四段:Althoughthetransitionunfoldedsmoothlyinthepoultiyindustry,theaverageweightofpigsfellinthefirstyear(虽然这一转变在制药业顺利展开，但猪的平均体重在第一年就下降了)。故选C。

6.细节事实题。第四段:TodayDanishindustryreportsthatproductivityishigherthanbefore.MeanwhilereportsofantibioticresistanceinDanishpeoplearemixed,whichshows——asifweneededreminding——thattherearenoquickfixes(现如今丹麦工业报告说生产率比以前高。与此同时，丹麦人对抗生素耐药性的报告也不尽相同，这表明——似乎我们需要提醒——没有捷径可走)。由此看出丹麦政府限制农民使用抗生素并不能在降低人的抗生素抗药性方面取得明显效果,故选D。

7.态度方向题。第五段:LikeUSfarmers，Danesraisepigsonanintensive,industrialscale.Iftheycanfigureouthowtolimitantibioticusewhileactuallyincreasingagriculturalproductivity,thensocanAmericans(和美国的农民一样，丹麦人也是以集中、规模化的方式饲养猪。如果丹麦人能够保证在限制抗生素使用的同时提高农业生产力，那么美国人也应该能够做到),由此推断作者认为丹麦在猪肉行业的经验是适用于其他大国的畜牧业的。故选B。

10.翻译题

Culturehidesmuchmorethanitreveals,andstrangelyenoughwhatithides,ithidesmosteffectivelyfromitsownparticipants.Yearsofstudyhaveconvincedmethattherealjobisnottounderstandforeignculturebuttounderstandourown.Iamalsoconvincedthatallthatoneevergetsfromstudyingforeigncultureisatokenunderstanding.Theultimatereasonforsuchstudyistolearnmoreabouthowone’sownsystemworks.Thebestreasonforexposingoneselftoforeignwaysisgenerateasenseofvitalityandawareness-aninterestinlifewhichcancomeonlywhenonelivesthroughtheshockofcontrastanddifference.Thebestreasonforthelaypersontospendtimestudyingcultureisthathe/shecanlearnsomethingusefulandenlighteningabouthimself/herself.Thiscanbeaninterestingprocess,attimeharrowingbutultimatelyrewarding.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystolearnaboutoneselfisbytakingseriouslytheculturesofothers.Itforcesyoutopayattentiontothosedetailsoflifewhichdifferentiatethemfromyou.

【答案】文化隐藏的东西远比它揭示的要多。奇怪的是,它所隐藏的东西,最不容易被它原创居民发现。多年的研究使我们了解到,我们真正要做的,不是去理解外国文化,而是理解我们自己的文化。我也认为,人们学习外国文化是表意的理解。这样学习的根本原因是为了更多了解自己的文化机制是如何运作的。让自己充分学习外国文化的最佳方式就是将其生动化和培养自我意识。尽管这样做的乐趣仅存在与人们生活在文化对比和差异的惊讶之中。外出行走学习文化的最好之处在于当事人能够学到有用的东西并且启发自己。这可能是个有意思的过程,虽然耗时但很值得。了解自己最好的途径就是认真对待别人的文化,它使你能够正视让你不同于对方的生活细节。

11.单选题

Ourspeciesevolvedonthemove.Recentresearchontheeffectsofexerciseandtheconsequencesofsedentarylivinghasshownthatphysicalactivityiscrucialtotheproperprocessingoffoodsthatweeat.Infact,mostofthechronicandoftenlife-threateningailmentsthatbesiegeAmericansinepidemicproportionscouldbetemperedbyregularexercise.Amongthemareheartdisease,diabetes,highbloodpressure,arthritis,andosteoporosis.Butlet'sfaceit:mostpeoplearenotmotivatedtoexercisebywhatitmaydoforthem20yearsdownthepike.Whatgetspeoplelikemeoutmovingeverydayiswhatexercisedoesformerightnow,especiallyhowitallowsmetoenjoyeatingwithoutgaining.I,alongwithmillionsofAmericans,havediscoveredthatexerciseisthekeytopermanentandpainlessweightcontrol.

Afterhearingadescriptionofmyusualdailyexercisescheduleamorningrunorbikerideandaneveningswim,sometimeswithanhouroftennisinbetween—somepeopleremark,“Wouldn’titbealoteasiertoeatonelessbageladayandskipallthatexercise?”Myansweris,“Easier,yes,butnotnearlyaseffectivenorasmuchfun”.Here’swhyexercise,notdieting,isthebestroutetoaleaner,lighteryou.

Farbetterforyourhealthand,yourfuturetoloseprimarilyfatisinthefirstplace.Theonlywaytodothatisthroughexercise,whichusesbodyfatasitsmainsourceofenergy.Youmaynotseethatinitialrapid(butfalse)weightloss,butwhatyoulosewillbewhatyouwanttolose——fat,notmuscleorwater.Yourlosswillbeslowbutsteady,and,ifyoumakeexercisearegularpartofyourlife,chancesareyourlosswillbepermanent,too.Ifit’sanyconsolation,studieshaveshownthatinmostcases,thefasterpeopleloseweight,themorelikelytheyaretoregainit.Slowloss,then,isthesecrettolastingsuccess.

Ifyouwanttoloseweightfasterthanyoucanwithjustexercise,simplycombineexercisewithareduced-caloriediet.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,showedthatexercisecancounterthemetabolism-loweringeffectofalow-caloriedietinmanypeople.Italsoseemstocurbtheadversecaloriceffectofagingonbodymetabolism.Whereasordinarilyyourmetabolismwouldslowdownasyougetolder(whichisonereasonpeoplegetfatterinmiddleageeventhoughtheydon’teatmore),ifyoucontinuetoexerciseregularly,youmaykeepyouryouthfulmetabolicratebymaintainingamusclebodyinsteadoflosingmuscleandputtingonpoundsoffat.

1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutweightcontrolisNOTtrue?

3.Mostmiddle-agedpeoplegetfatter,mainlybecause（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeabesttitleforthepassage?

5.Thepassageismainlyabout（）.

问题1选项

A.Theslowerpeopleloseweight,thelesslikelytheyaretoachievetheirgoals

B.Peoplewhoareondietmerelylosemuscleandwater.

C.Regularexercisesmayreducethechanceofgettingcertainchronicdiseases.

D.Physicalactivityusemuscletissueasitsmainsourceofenergy

问题2选项

A.Theexerciseisthesecrettopermanentandsuccessfulweightcontrol

B.Combiningexerciseswithareduced-caloriedietmakeiteasiertoloseweight.

C.Healthyweightcontrolmeansloseprimaryfat,notmuscleorwater.

D.Toeatlessandskiptheexerciseisaneasyandeffectivewayoflosingweight.

问题3选项

A.thechemicalactivityintheirbodythatusesthefoodtoproduceenergyslowsdown

B.theymadedietarychangeswhentheygrowold

C.oftheirsedentaryliving

D.theydon’texerciseregularly

问题4选项

A.EatingWithoutGaining

B.Exercise:anEffectiveWeight-lossTool

C.MetabolicChangesinHumanBody

D.WaysofWeightControl

问题5选项

A.howtokeepfit

B.howtoloseweight

C.thebenefitsbroughtaboutbyregularexercises

D.exercisesanddiet

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段第三句指出:Infact,mostofthechronicandoftenlife-threateningailmentsthatbesiegeAmericansinepidemicproportionscouldbetemperedbyregularexercise(事实上，困扰美国人的大多数慢性疾病与危及生命的疾病是可以通过规律性锻炼来调节的)。因此，C项“规律性锻炼能够降低患慢性疾病的机率”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。第二段指出:Easier,yes,butnotnearlyaseffectivenorasmuchfun(的确是很容易减肥，但是远没有期望的那么有效果)。由此可知D项“少吃且少运动是最简单且有效的减肥方法”不符合原文所述。

第3题:细节事实题。第四段第四句指出了中年人发胖的原因:…yourmetabolismwouldslowdownasyougetolder（whichisonereasonpeoplegetfatterinmiddleageeventhoughtheydon’teatmore）(随着年龄增长，新陈代谢速度减慢（这也是为什么人到了中年时期尽管吃得不多也很容易发胖的原因）)。因此，A项“体内用以产生能量的化学分解活动速度减慢”正确。

第4题:主旨大意题。本文主要讲了规律性锻炼对于健康以及减肥的作用，并且比较了其相对于通过饮食控制来减肥的好处。因此B项“运动是有效的减肥方法”比较适合做文章标题。

第5题:主旨大意题。本文主要讲了规律性锻炼对于健康以及减肥的作用，并且比较了其相对于通过饮食控制来减肥的好处。故答案为C项“规律运动带来很多益处”。

12.单选题

Operationwhichleftpatients___andinneedoflongperiodofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.

问题1选项

A.exhausted

B.abandoned

C.injured

D.deserted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项exhausted“筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的；耗尽的；枯竭的”；B选项abandoned“被抛弃的；（房屋，车辆）被废弃的；无约束的；恣意放荡的”；C选项injured“受伤的；受损害的”；D选项deserted“荒芜的；被遗弃的；无人居住的”。句意：手术使病人___，需要很长的时间恢复，现在却使他们感到轻松舒适。本句表达“手术让病人精疲力竭”，因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Agoodrefereehastobe（）__intheoutcomeofafootballgame,orelsehemaytrytomakecallsthatfavoroneteamoveranother.

问题1选项

A.contemporary

B.comely

C.disinterested

D.notorious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项contemporary“当代的；同时代的”；B选项comely“清秀的，标致的”；C选项disinterested“无私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉洁的”；D选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”。句意：一位好的裁判在足球比赛结果上必须是公正的，否则他可能试图去做出有利于一支球队的裁定。结合句意，故C选项正确。

14.单选题

（）thebriberyallegations,Switzerland’ssportsministerhasannouncedhisowninquiryintohowtheseassociationsarerun.

问题1选项

A.Inthehopeof

B.Inthewakeof

C.Inthelightof

D.Inthesightof

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。inthehopeof“怀着……的希望”；inthewakeof“随着而来，作为……的结果”；inthelightof“鉴于，依据，按照”；inthesightof“在……看来，从……的观点看”。句意：根据受贿指控，瑞士体育部长宣布亲自调查这些协会的运行状况。选项C符合题意。

15.单选题

Organicarchitecture—thatis,naturalarchitecture—maybevariedinconceptandform,butitisalwaysfaithfultonaturalprinciples.Organicarchitecturerejectsrulesimposedbyindividualpreferenceormereaestheticsinordertoremaintruetothenatureofthesite,thematerials,thepurposeofthestructure,andthepeoplewhowillultimatelyuseit.Ifthesenaturalprinciplesareupheld,thenabankcannotbebuilttolooklikeaGreektemple.Formdoesnotfollowfunction;formisinseparablefromfunction.Inotherwords,abuildingshouldbeinspiredbynature’sformsandconstructedwithmaterialsthatretainandrespectthenaturalcharacteristicsofthesettingtocreateharmonywithitsnaturalenvironment.Itshouldmaximizepeople’scontactwithandutilizationoftheoutdoors.

Naturalprinciplesthenareprinciplesofdesign,notstyle,expressedbyconstructionthatreflectsunity,balance,proportion,rhythm,andscale.Likeasculptor,theorganicarchitectviewsthesiteandmaterialsasaninnateformthatshapesanddevelopsorganicallyfromwithin.Truthinarchitectureresultsinanatural,spontaneousstructureintotalharmonywiththesetting.Forthemostpart,thesestructuresfindtheirgeometricthemesinthecontoursofthelandandtheircolorsinthesurroundingpaletteofnature.

Fromtheoutside,anorganicstructureissomuchapartofnaturethatitisoftenobscuredbyit.Inotherwords,itmaynotbepossiblefortheeyetoeasilyseparatetheman-madestructurefromthenaturalterrain.Fromtheinside,roomsopenintoeachother.Naturallight,air,andviewpermeatethewholestructure,providingasenseofcommunicationwiththeoutdoors.

26.Inorganicarchitecture,whichofthefollowingistrue?

27.Agoodexampleofnaturalprinciplesisa（）.

28.Whydoestheauthorcompareanorganicarchitecttoasculptor?

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthearchitect’sviewofnature?

问题1选项

A.Formfollowsfunction.

B.Functionfollowsform.

C.Functionisnotimportanttoform.

D.Formandfunctionareone.

问题2选项

A.bankthatisbuilttolooklikeaGreektemple

B.bankbuiltsothatthelocationisunimportanttothestructure

C.bankthatisbuilttoconformtothenaturalsurroundings

D.bankthatisbuilttobebeautifulratherthanfunctional

问题3选项

A.Toemphasizeaesthetics.

B.Togiveanexampleofnaturalprinciples.

C.Tomakeapoint