考研考博-英语-北京语言大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京语言大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Itistruethatasasocialorganizationmovesfromthesimpletothecomplex,sodoestheorganizationthroughwhichiteducatesitschildren.Growthandchangearevitalifeducationistomeetnewneedsanddemands.Inaverysimplesocialorder,itmaysufficetohavetheparentscarryontheeducationoftheirchildren.However,aswillbeshownlaterinmoredetail,suchamethodmaybecomeentirelyuntenable（难维持的）,andspecialindividualsareentrustedwiththetask.Thesemaybehiredprivatelyfirst,butsoonthesocialgroup,thechurch,village,andthelikewillberesponsibleforeducation.Eventually,specialtrainingisrequiredforthosewhodotheteaching,andanagencytocontrolthistrainingisneeded.Thustheinfluenceofthelocalgovernmentunit,suchasthetown,township,andlaterthestateortheprovince,becomesnecessary.Itwasgenerallyconsideredsimplertouseasaunitthealreadyexistinglocalunit.

1.Theclosestrestatementofthefirstsentenceis（）

2.Thewriterwouldprobablyarguefor（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhythelocalgovernmentunitbecomesinfluentialisthat（）

4.Theauthorpromisestoexplain（）

5.Wemayinferfromthecontextthatthephrase“thetask”inLine6refersto（）

问题1选项

A.themorecomplexasocialorganizationbecomes,themorecomplextheeducationalsystembecomes

B.thecomplexityofasocialorganizationdependsonthecomplexityoftheeducationalsystem

C.socialorganizationsaretrulyascomplexastheyneedtobeforeducationalpurposes

D.oursocietymustbecomplexifwewantoureducationsystemtoserveourchildren’seducationalrequirements

问题2选项

A.moreparentalinfluenceineducation

B.aneducationalsystemwhichtakessocialcomplexityintoaccount

C.strictstatecontrolofeducation

D.morespecialtrainingforteachers

问题3选项

A.teachersbecometoopowerful

B.enrollmentincreases

C.aneedarisestocontroltheeducationofteachers

D.thechurchorvillagelackstheabilitytooverseeeducation

问题4选项

A.thenecessityofthelocalgovernmentalunit

B.whyitissimplertousethegovernmenttocontroleducation

C.theresponsibilityofthesocialgroup

D.whyparentsshouldnotteachtheirchildren

问题5选项

A.theeducationofchildren

B.thetrainingofteachers

C.thecontrolofeducation

D.theinfluenceofthelocalgovernmentunit

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。原文第一句话的意思是：当一个社会组织从简单走向复杂时,它教育孩子的组织也会从简单走向复杂。也就是说社会组织越复杂,教育系统就越复杂。选项A更符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据本文的第一句话可知,作者强调的是社会复杂性对教育的影响,所以教育系统应该考虑到社会复杂性,选项B符合原文。选项A表述错误,选项C和D不是作者主要讨论的话题。

3.判断推理题。根据本文的倒数二三句的内容“specialtrainingisrequired...becomesnecessary.”那些从事教学的人需要特殊的培训,需要一个机构来控制这种培训。因此,地方政府单位的影响是必要的。也就是说地方政府单位具有影响力的原因是需要对教师的教育进行控制。选项C符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据原文的最后一句“Itwasgenerallyconsideredsimplertouseasaunitthealreadyexistinglocalunit.”可以推断作者接下来应该会解释：为什么借用当地（政府）的力量会更简单。选项B正确。

5.判断推理题。根据原文的内容,（仅仅由父母来教育孩子）这一方法可能会难以维持下去,专业人员将会处理这一任务。由此推断,这个任务即上文提到的对孩子的教育,选项A正确。

2.单选题

Tosaythatthechildlearns（1）imitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitatesevery（2）hesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimto（3）isignoredwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Thereforewemustturn（4）

Lookatitfromthechild'spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation,lackinga（5）response.Heisseekingaresponsewhichwillgaincertain（6）.

Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreason（7）whattodo,heobservesa（8）whoseemsabletogettheright（9）.Thechildlooksfora/an（10）

Thereisasecondelementat（11）inthissituation.Thechildmaybeableto（12）hisimmediategoalonlyto（13）thathismethodbringscriticism（14）peoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heis（15）emphaticallythatthisactionisunpleasant,thatheshouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesireto（16）anyobjectivesituationisoverlaid（17）thedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreaffectionand（18）

someactionsandcriticizeothers.Ifoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownself-respect,hemust（20）responseshissocialgroupapproves.

问题1选项

A.through

B.from

C.by

D.with

问题2选项

A.action

B.thing

C.situation

D.adult

问题3选项

A.learn

B.set

C.imitate

D.follow

问题4选项

A.from

B.to

C.for

D.into

问题5选项

A.ready

B.immediate

C.good

D.reasonable

问题6选项

A.ends

B.purpose

C.intention

D.goal

问题7选项

A.up

B.for

C.through

D.out

问题8选项

A.student

B.example

C.model

D.child

问题9选项

A.effect

B.reward

C.result

D.outcome

问题10选项

A.professional

B.authority

C.specialist

D.teacher

问题11选项

A.working

B.work

C.thework

D.his

问题12选项

A.attain

B.find

C.acquire

D.grasp

问题13选项

A.tell

B.get

C.find

D.realize

问题14选项

A.to

B.into

C.from

D.outof

问题15选项

A.informed

B.asked

C.notified

D.told

问题16选项

A.solve

B.face

C.encounter

D.avoid

问题17选项

A.by

B.with

C.in

D.for

问题18选项

A.like

B.love

C.consent

D.approval

问题19选项

A.grant

B.appraise

C.reward

D.award

问题20选项

A.do

B.take

C.adopt

D.employ

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:C

第10题:B

第11题:B

第12题:A

第13题:C

第14题:C

第15题:D

第16题:A

第17题:B

第18题:D

第19题:C

第20题:C

【解析】（1）by表示“通过”。句意：孩子通过模仿学习,符合句意。

（2）根据原文推测,孩子模仿的是动作,而不是人或某个东西,所以选项A符合原文。

（3）followtheexample意为“模仿,效仿”。

（4）turnto转向,求助于。这里表示的是我们必须求助于一个独特的理论。

（5）根据下文中的areadyresponse,可知这里也应填入ready。areadyresponse快速的反应。因为孩子面对的是新的情形,所以他无法做出快速的反应。

（6）gainone'sends为固定搭配,意为达到目的,成功。这里指孩子会寻求做出某种反应来实现某种目的。

（7）这里表达的是孩子面对这种情形缺少做出反应的能力,就不知道该怎么做。reasonout“推理出,推断出”,符合句意,选项D符合句意。

（8）根据原文：当孩子不知道该怎么做时,他会找一个榜样,观察这个榜样是怎么做的。选项C符合原文。

（9）这里指的是孩子所找到的榜样,榜样是能够获得好的结果的。result泛指结果本身,outcome强调一件事情的结局,所以选项C更符合原文。

（10）根据原文：孩子们找寻权威或专家来告诉他们该做什么。填空处的词应与expert意思相近,authority“权威”相对来说更符合原文。

（11）atwork为固定搭配，意为“起作用”。原文指“在这种情形下,还有第二种因素在起作用”。

（12）attainone'sgoal为固定搭配，意为“达到目标”。这里强调的是目标的实现,所以选项A符合原文。

（13）根据原文：孩子可能能够实现自己的目标,但是发现自己的方法会招来批评。选项C符合句意。

（14）这里的批评来自于那些观察他的人,强调的是来源,所以应填入介词from。

（15）句意：传递消息通过大声喊叫,别人就会告诉他这种行为是令人不愉快的。tell“告诉”,较口语化,符合句意。inform和notify过于正式,ask与句意不符。

（16）原文指的是处理面对的这种情形,选项A正确。

（17）beoverlaidwith为固定搭配,意为“被……掩盖”。

（18）句意：当父母喜欢他的做事方法时,他就会获得更多的爱和支持。love与affection同义,故排除。

（19）reward“回报”；award“授予,颁发”。原文指对孩子行为的认可和回报,所以选项C正确。

（20）句意：想要获得别人的支持和自尊,他就必须采用他的群体所支持的方法。选项C符合句意。

3.单选题

GrandmaMosesisamongthemostcelebratedtwentiethcenturypaintersoftheUnitedStates,yetshehadbarelystartedpaintingbeforeshewasinherlateseventies.Assheoncesaidofherself:“Iwouldneversitbackinarockingchair,waitingforsomeonetohelpme.”Noonecouldhavehadamoreproductiveage.

ShewasbornAnnaMaryRobertsononafarminNewYorkState,oneoffiveboysandfivegirls.(“Wecameinbunches,likeradishes.’’)Attwelveshelefthomeandwasindomesticserviceuntil,attwentyseven,shemarriedTomasMoses,thehiredhandofoneofheremployers.Theyfarmedmostoftheirlives,firstinVirginiaandtheninNewYorkState,atEagleBridge.Shehadtenchildren,ofwhomfivesurvived;herhusbanddiedin1927.GrandmaMosespaintedalittleasachildandmadeembroiderypicturesasahobby,butonlyswitchedtooilsinoldagebecauseherhandshadbecometoostifftosewandshewantedtokeepbusyandpassthetime.Herpictureswerefirstsoldatthelocaldrugstoreandatafair,andweresoonspottedbyadealerwhoboughteverythingshepainted.ThreeofthepictureswereexhibitedintheMuseumofModernArt,andin1940shehadherfirstexhibitioninNewYork.Betweenthe1930'sandherdeathsheproducedsome2,000pictures:detailedandlivelyportrayalsoftherurallifeshehadknownforsolong,withamarveloussenseofcolorandform.'"IthinkreallyhardtillIthinkofsomethingreallypretty,andthenIpaintit”shesaid.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,GrandmaMosesbegantopaintbecauseshewantedto（

）.

3.FromGrandmaMoses’descriptionofherselfinthefirstparagraph,itcanbeinferredthatshewas

（

）.

4.GrandmaMosesspentmostofherlife

（

）.

5.Inline14,theword“spotted”couldbestbereplacedby（

）.

问题1选项

A.GrandmaMoses:ABiographicalSketch.

B.TheChildrenofGrandmaMoses.

C.GrandmaMoses:HerBestExhibition.

D.GrandmaMosesandOtherOlderArtists.

问题2选项

A.decorateherhome

B.keepactive

C.improvehersalary

D.gainaninternationalreputation

问题3选项

A.independent

B.pretty

C.wealthy

D.timid

问题4选项

A.nursing

B.painting

C.embroideries

D.farming

问题5选项

A.speckled

B.featured

C.noticed

D.damaged

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最适合做文章标题的是……”。文章全文讲述了GrandmaMoses的个人及艺术生涯，选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“GrandmaMoses开始画画是为了……”。文章第一段提到“我不想坐在摇椅上等别人来帮助我”（Iwouldneversitbackinarockingchair,waitingforsomeonetohelpme），第二段提到“想让自己把持忙碌来打发时间”（shewantedtokeepbusyandpassthetime），由此可知选项B“保持活跃”符合题意。

3.判断推理题。题目问的是“从第一段中GrandmaMoses对于自己的描述可以得知……”。文章第一段提到“我不想坐在摇椅上等别人来帮助我”（Iwouldneversitbackinarockingchair,waitingforsomeonetohelpme），可以看出她是一个非常独立的人，选项A符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“GrandmaMoses大部分时间花在了……”。文章第二段提到“他们大半生时间是在农场度过的”（Theyfarmedmostoftheirlives），由此可知选项D符合题意。

5.词义题。题目问的是“spotted可以由哪个词代替”。文章第二段中提到“（她的画作）很快被一个经销商……，买走了她画的所有东西”（andweresoonspottedbyadealerwhoboughteverythingshepainted），可以推测画作很快被发现，接着被买走，因此，spotted在这里的意思应该是“被发现，被注意到”，选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

WhenSpanishexplorersfirstenteredtheareanowknownasHollywood,NativeAmericanswerelivinginthecanyonsoftheSantaMonicaMountains.Beforelong,theIndianshadbeenmovedtomissionsandthelandwhichHollywoodnowoccupieswasdividedintwobytheSpanishGovernment.AcreagetothewestbecamepartofRanchoLaBreaandsettlementstotheEastbecameRanchoLosFeliz.

Bythe1870sanagriculturalcommunityflourishedintheareaandcropsrangingfromhayandgraintosubtropicalbananasandpineappleswerethriving.Duringthe1880s,theRanchosweresub-divided.In1886,H.H.WilcoxboughtanareaofRanchoLaBreathathiswifethenchristened"Hollywood".Withinafewyears,Wilcoxhaddevisedagridplanforhisnewcommunity,pavedProspectAvenue(nowHollywoodBoulevard)forhismainstreetandwassellinglargeresidentiallotstoWealthyMidwesternerslookingtobuildhomessotheycould"winterinCalifornia".

ProspectAvenuesoonbecameaprestigiousresidentialstreetpopulatedwithlargeQueenAnne,Victorian,andMissionRevivalhouses.Mrs.DaeidaWilcoxraisedfundstobuildchurches,schoolsandalibraryandHollywoodquicklybecameacompleteandprosperouscommunity.Thecommunityincorporatedin1903,butitsindependencewasshort-lived,asthelackofwaterforcedannexationin1910tothecityofLosAngeles,whichhadasurplussupplyofwater.

In1911,theNestorCompanyopenedHollywood'sfirstfilmstudioinanoldtavernonthecomerofSunsetandGower.NotlongthereafterCecilB.DeMilleandD.W.Griffithbeganmakingmovieintheareadrawntothecommunityforitsopenspaceandmoderateclimate.

Theneedsofthisthrivingnewindustrycreatedradicalchangesinthecommunity,causingaclashbetweenolderandnewerresidents.Acresofagriculturallandsouthofwhat-is-nowHollywoodBoulevardweresubdividedanddevelopedashousingfortheenormousnumbersofworkersthatmovie-makingrequired.

High-risecommercialbuildingsbegantospringupalongHollywoodBoulevard,threecompetingreal-estateinterestscausedconcentrationsofdevelopmentatHighland,Cahuenga,andatVine.Itwasn'tlongbeforenearlyallthehomesalongtheBoulevardwerereplacedbycommercialbuildingslinkingthethreecomers.

Banks,restaurants,clubsandmoviepalacessprangup,cateringtothedemandsoftheburgeoningfilmindustryduringthe1920sand1930s.ThearchitecturalstylesofthebuildingswererepresentativeofthosemostpopularbetweentheWorldWars.BanksweretypicallydesignedinthemoreformalBeauxArtsstyles,butotherbuildingsinthecommunitytookonmoreplayfulpersonalities

TheornamentalSpanishColonialRevivalstylereflectedHollywood'sself-consciousextravagancewhilethenewArtDecoandModernstylesfitthecommunity'saspirationsforglamourandsophistication.

Hollywoodhasbeenanythingbutstatic,however,andafterafewdecadesasthecapitaloffilmglamour,theneighborhoodchangedagain.AlthoughmuchofthestudioworkremainedinHollywood,manystarsmovedtoBeverlyHills,andtheelegantshopsandrestaurantsleftwiththem.

Inthe1960s,musicrecordingstudiosandofficesbeganmovingtoHollywood,anoffshootofthenightclubsfurtherwestonSunsetBoulevard.Otherbusinesses,however,continuedtomigratetodifferentpartsofthecity.Hollywoodtodayisadiverse,vitalandactivecommunitystrivingtopreservetheelegantbuildingsfromitspast.Muchofthemovieindustryremainsinthearea,althoughtheneighborhood'soutwardappearancehaschanged.

In1985,theHollywoodBoulevardcommercialandentertainmentdistrictwasofficiallylistedintheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesprotectingtheneighborhood’simportantbuildingsandseeingtoitthatthesignificanceofHollywood'spastwouldalwaysbeapartofitsfuture.

1.TheareanowknownasHollywoodwasfirstinhabitedbyNativeAmericans.T/F

2.Bythe1870s,peoplewhosettleddowninthatareabegantogrowallkindsofcropsandfruit.T/F

3.WilcoxboughtanareaofRanchoLaBreaandnamedit"Hollywood"afterhiswife.T/F

4.WealthyMidwesternersboughtresidentiallotsalongtheProspectAvenuetobuildwinterhomesinCalifornia.T/F

5.HollywoodhadtobecomepartofthecityofLosAngelesbecauseofitsshortsupplyofwater.T/F

6.CecilB.DeMilleandD.W.GriffithbeganmakingmoviesinHollywoodbeforeNestorCompanyopeneditsfirstfilmstudiothere.T/F

7.ThethrivingFilmindustryinthe1920sand1930sledtotheappearanceoflargenumbersofbanks,restaurants,clubsandmoviepalacesinHollywood.T/F

8.TheornamentalSpanishColonialRevivalstylereflectedHollywood'saspirationsforglamourandsophistication.T/F

9.Hollywoodhasremainedinconstantchange.T/F

10.HollywoodBoulevardcommercialandentertainmentdistrictwasofficiallylistedintheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacestoprotectitsoldbutelegantbuildings.T/F

问题1选项

A.T

B.F

问题2选项

A.T

B.F

问题3选项

A.T

B.F

问题4选项

A.T

B.F

问题5选项

A.T

B.F

问题6选项

A.T

B.F

问题7选项

A.T

B.F

问题8选项

A.T

B.F

问题9选项

A.T

B.F

问题10选项

A.T

B.F

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:B

【解析】1.该表述的含义为“这个地区现在被称为好莱坞，首先居住的是美洲原住民。”原文第一段中提到“WhenSpanishexplorersfirstenteredtheareanowknownasHollywood,NativeAmericanswerelivinginthecanyonsoftheSantaMonicaMountains..当西班牙探险家第一次进入现在被称为好莱坞的地区时，美洲土著人住在圣莫尼卡山脉的峡谷里”可推断该陈述不正确。

2.该表述的含义为“到了19世纪70年代，定居在那个地区的人开始种植各种作物和水果。”原文第二段提到“Bythe1870sanagriculturalcommunityflourishedintheareaandcropsrangingfromhayandgraintosubtropicalbananasandpineappleswerethriving.在19世纪70年代，一个农业社区在这个地区蓬勃发展，从干草和谷物到亚热带香蕉和菠萝等作物都在蓬勃发展。”可推断该表述中的“allkindsofcropsandfruits所有种类的农作物及水果”与原文内容不符；故该表述不正确。

3.该表述的含义为“威尔考克斯买下了兰乔•拉布雷亚的一个地区，并以他的妻子命名为‘好莱坞’。”，原文第二段提到“In1886,H.H.WilcoxboughtanareaofRanchoLaBreathathiswifethenchristened‘Hollywood’.1886年，H.H.Wilcox买下了RanchoLaBrea的一片土地，随后他的妻子将其命名为“好莱坞”，可知并非以妻子的名字命名，而是他妻子为该地区命名为“好莱坞”，由此知该陈述不正确。

4.该表述的含义为“富有的中西部人沿着前景大道买了很多住宅，在加利福尼亚建造冬季住宅。”原文第二段提到“Withinafewyears,Wilcoxhaddevisedagridplanforhisnewcommunity,pavedProspectAvenue(nowHollywoodBoulevard)forhismainstreetandwassellinglargeresidentiallotstoWealthyMidwesternerslookingtobuildhomessotheycould"winterinCalifornia".几年内，威尔科克斯为他的新社区设计了一个网格计划，为他的主要街道铺设了前景大道（现在是好莱坞大道），并向富有的中西部人出售大量住宅，希望建造房屋，以便他们可以“在加利福尼亚过冬”可推断该表述正确。

5.该表述的含义为“由于水供应短缺，好莱坞不得不成为洛杉矶的一部分”，原文第三段提到“...asthelackofwaterforcedannexationin1910tothecityofLosAngeles,whichhadasurplussupplyofwater.由于缺水，1910年好莱坞社区不得不并到洛杉矶市，因为水供应过剩”，可推断该表述正确。

6.该表述的含义为“在内斯托公司在好莱坞开设第一家电影制片厂之前，CecilB.DeMille和D.W.Griffith就开始在好莱坞制作电影”，原文第四段提到“In1911,theNestorCompanyopenedHollywood'sfirstfilmstudioinanoldtavernonthecornerofSunsetandGower.1911年，内斯托公司在日落大道和高尔街拐角处的一个老酒馆里开设了好莱坞的第一个电影制片厂。及“NotlongthereafterCecilB.DeMilleandD.W.Griffithbeganmakingmovieinthearea随后不久，CecilB.DeMille和D.W.Griffith也开始在此地拍摄电影。”可推断“CecilB.DeMille和D.W.Griffith在好莱坞拍摄电影是在Nestor公司来好莱坞开设第一个电影工作室之后发生的”，故该表述不正确。

7.该表述的含义为“二十世纪二三十年代蓬勃发展的电影业导致好莱坞出现了大量的银行、餐馆、俱乐部和电影院。”原文第七段提到“Banks,restaurants,clubsandmoviepalacessprangup,cateringtothedemandsoftheburgeoningfilmindustryduringthe1920sand1930s.银行、餐馆、俱乐部和电影宫殿层出不穷，迎合了二十世纪二三十年代新兴电影业的需求”可推断该表述正确。

8.该表述的含义为“装饰性的西班牙殖民复兴风格反映了好莱坞对魅力和高雅的渴望。”原文第八段提到“TheornamentalSpanishColonialRevivalstylereflectedHollywood'sself-consciousextravagance西班牙殖民复兴风格的装饰性体现好莱坞的自我意识奢侈”可推断该表述不正确。

9.该表述的含义为“好莱坞一直在不断变化。”，原文第九段提到“Hollywoodhasbeenanythingbutstatic,好莱坞一直都不是静态的”及文中提及的好莱坞在各个时期的变化知该表述正确。

10.该表述的含义为“好莱坞大道的商业和娱乐区被正式列入国家史迹名录，以保护其古老而优雅的建筑。”原文最后一段提到“...protectingtheneighborhood’simportantbuildingsandseeingtoitthatthesignificanceofHollywood'spastwouldalwaysbeapartofitsfuture.保护住宅区内的重要建筑，让人们记住好莱坞的过去的重要意义将永远是其将来的一部分”可推断该表述不正确。

5.单选题

Sharkshaveanundeservedreputationforbeingbloodthirstykillersthatroutinelymakesnacksoutoftourists.Althoughtheriskofgettingeatenbyasharkisextremelysmall,thesamecannotbesaidforunderwaterfiber-opticcablesthatcarrydataaroundtheworld.

Itseemssharkshaveamightycravingforthesevitalintercontinentalcommunicationlinks,whichhassetGoogleonamissiontoreinforceitstrans—PacificcablesbywrappingtheminaKevlar—likematerial.GoogleproductmanagerDanBelcherrevealedtheirshark-proofingeffortsatamarketingmeetinginBoston,NetworkWorldreports.

Butwhyaresharkszeroinginonourglobalcommunicationnetworks?SharkshaveanuncannyabilitytosenseelectromagneticfieldsinthewaterusingtinydetectorsintheirsnoutscalledampullaofLorenzini.Theorgans,whichlooklikefreckles,senseevenminutechangestoelectricalfieldsinthewater,helpingsharksfindprey,navigateorlocatefiber-opticcables.

“Nodoubttheelectromagneticfeldsassociatedwiththesewiresarehighlyattractivetothesesharks,”GeorgeBurgess,directoroftheFloridaProgramforSharkResearch,toldUSA.

Interestingly,sharksdon’tseemtobeluredtotheoldercoppercablesthatrununderwater.It’sledtospeculationthatsharksconfusethehigh-voltage,magneticemissionsfromfiber-opticcableswiththesignalsgivenoffbyfish.Updatedcableswillthuslikelyprotectthesharksandreduceenergy-wastingattacks.

Sharkshavebeengivingglobalcommunicationscompaniesheadachessincethe1980s.AccordingtotheNewYorkTime,afewsharkteethwerefoundplantedinacableoftheCanaryIslandsin1985.Everyyear,morethan50repairsareneededonunderseatranscontinentalcommunicationlinesduetodamagefromwildlife,fishingtrawlersandearthquakes,TheGuardianreports.

Google’sreinforcedcableswillbeinstalledaspartofanew$300millionsystemconnectingtheUnitedStatestoJapan,accordingtoapressreleasefromprojectpartnerNEC.ItwillresultinanInternetconnectionthatrelaysinformationacrossthePacificOceanat60terabytespersecond.That’sgoodnewsforInternetusers,butmaybethesharkshaveahiddenreason:Perhapsthey’resimplyfedupwithfear-mongeringdocumentariesthatcasttheminanegativelight.

1.Whatdoes“thesame”inParagraph1referto?

2.WhatisemphasizedinParagraph2?

3.Whydosharksbitefiber-opticcables?

4.Itcanbelearnedthatsharks（）.

5.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Thekillersmakingsnacksoutoftourists.

B.Theriskofgettingeatenbysharks.

C.Theundeservedreputationofsharks.

D.Thesmallchanceofsharkattacks.

问题2选项

A.Thedamagetocablescausedbysharks.

B.Thecostofunderseacablelines.

C.Thefunctionofunderwatercameras.

D.Thedevelopmentofunderseacables.

问题3选项

A.Theymistakecablesforfish.

B.Theylikebitingcable-shapedobjects.

C.Theyarecuriousaboutcables.

D.Theyenjoythetasteofcables.

问题4选项

A.likebothcoppercablesandfiber-opticcables

B.prefercoppercablestofiber-opticcables

C.areattractedtofiber-opticcablesonly

D.areattractedtocoppercablesonly

问题5选项

A.Sharksarenobloodthirstykillers.

B.Howsharkspicksignalsfromcables.

C.Sharksbenefitfromelectricalfield.

D.Fiber-opticcablesaresharks’prey.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义猜测题。由“Althoughtheriskofgettingeatenbyasharkisextremelysmall,thesamecannotbesaidforunderwaterfiber-opticcablesthatcarrydataaroundtheworld.（尽管被鲨鱼吃掉的风险非常小，但在全球范围内传输数据的水下光缆却并非如此。）”可知，虽然人类被鲨鱼吃掉的风险很小，但是水下光缆被鲨鱼吃掉的风险却并非如此。所以thesame表示被鲨鱼吃掉的风险。A选项“鲨鱼拿游客当点心”；C选项“鲨鱼被冤枉的名声”；D选项“被鲨鱼攻击的几率很小”都与上下文不符，因此B选项“被鲨鱼吃掉的风险”正确。

2.主旨大意题。第二段的最后一句话说到“GoogleproductmanagerDanBelcherrevealedtheirshark-proofingeffortsatamarketingmeetinginBoston,NetworkWorldreports.（据《网络世界》报道，谷歌产品经理丹•贝尔彻在波士顿的市场营销会议上透露了他们的防鲨鱼努力。）”，说明为了防止鲨鱼对电缆的破坏，人们做了很多努力，所以该段落更侧重于暗示鲨鱼对电缆造成的破坏。B选项“海底电缆线路的费用”在第二段没有表现出来；C选项“水下相机的功能”第二段没有提到；D选项“海底电缆的发展”第二段也没有提到。因此A选项“鲨鱼对电缆造成的损坏”正确。

3.事实细节题。文章第五段写道“It’sledtospeculationthatsharksconfusethehigh-voltage,magneticemissionsfromfiber-opticcableswiththesignalsgivenoffbyfish.（人们猜测鲨鱼会将光纤电缆发出的高压磁辐射与鱼类发出的信号相混淆。）”，所以鲨鱼会咬电缆是因为错把它们当成了鱼类。B选项“它们喜欢咬电缆形状的物体”文中没有提到；C选项“它们对电缆很好奇”；D选项“它们喜欢电缆的味道”都与原文不符，因此A选项“它们把电缆错当成了鱼”正确。

4.事实细节题。文章第五段写道“Interestingly,sharksdon’tseemtobeluredtotheoldercoppercablesthatrununderwater.（有趣的是，鲨鱼似乎不会被海底的旧铜电缆所吸引。）”，由此可知，鲨鱼只被光纤电缆吸引。A选项“铜电缆和光纤电缆都喜欢”；B选项“更喜欢铜电缆而不是光纤电缆”；D选项“只被铜电缆吸引”都与原文意思相悖，因此C选项“只被光纤电缆吸引”正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了鲨鱼对电缆光纤的破坏。A选项“鲨鱼不是嗜血的杀手”文中并没有侧重讲解；B选项“鲨鱼如何从电缆中接收信号”文章也没有提到；C选项“鲨鱼受益于电场”说法错误；D选项“光纤电缆是鲨鱼的受害者”更准确，因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdealoratleastmanypartsofithave.Insomeways,however,verylittleliaschanged,particularlywhereattitudesareconcerned.Ideasaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow.

Inthepast,theworking-classtendedtobepaidlessthanmiddle-classpeople,suchasteachersanddoctors.Asaresultofthisandalsoofthefactthatworkers’jobsweregenerallymuchlesssecure,distinctdifferencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistence.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved,havinggivenhiswifeher"housekeeping",wouldgooutandsquandertherestonbeerandbetting.

Thestereotypeofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth.Hewasandstillisinclinedtotakealonger-termview.Notonlydidheregardbuyingahouseasanimportantthing,buthealsoconsideredtheeducationofhischildrenasextremelyimportant.Bothoftheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurity.Onlyinveryfewcasesdidworkershavetheopportunity(ortheeducationandtraining)tomakesuchlong-termplans.

Nowadays,agreatdealhaschanged.Inalargenumberofcasesfactoryworkersearnasmuch,ifnotmore,thantheirmiddle-classsupervisors.Socialsecurityandlaws,combinedwithageneralriseinthestandardoflivingsincethemid-fiftiesofthe20thcentury,havemadeitlessnecessarythanbeforetoworryabout"tomorrow".Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast.Infacttherehasbeenagrowingtendencyinthepastfewyearsforthemiddle-classestofeelslightlyashamedoftheirposition.

Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople.Theygenerallytendtoshareverysimilartastesinmusicandclothes,theyspendtheirmoneyinhavingagoodtime,andsaveforholidaysorlonger-termplanswhennecessary.Thereseemstobemuchlessdifferencethaninpreviousgenerations.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid.Aslongasthisgapexists,therewillalwaysbeapossibilitythatnewconflictsandjealousieswillemerge,orratherthattheoldconflictswillre-appear,butbetweendifferentgroups.

1.Whichofthefollowingisseenasthecauseofclassdifferencesinthepast?

2.Thewriterseemstosuggestthatthedescriptionof（）isclosertotruth?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnotatypicalfeatureofthemiddleclass?

4.Working-classpeople'ssenseofsecurityincreasedasaresultofallthefollowingfactorsexcept?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisincorrect?

问题1选项

A.lifestyleandoccupation

B.Attitudeandincome

C.incomeandjobsecurity

D.jobsecurityandhobbies

问题2选项

A.middle-classwaysofspendingmoney

B.working-classwaysofspendingtheweekend

C.working-classdrinkinghabits

D.middle-classattitudes

问题3选项

A.desiringforsecurity

B.Makinglongtermplans

C.havingprioritiesinlife

D.savingmoney

问题4选项

A.bettersocialsecurity

B.morejobopportunities

C.higherlivingstandard

D.betterlegalprotection.

问题5选项

A.ChangesareslowlytakingplaceinallsectorsoftheBritishsociety.

B.Thegapbetweenworking-classandmiddle-classyoungpeopleisnarrowing.

C.differenceinincomewillremainbutthoseinoccupationwilldisappear.

D.middle-classpeoplemaysometimesfeelinferiortoworking-classpeople.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出:Inthepast,theworking-classtendedtobepaidlessthanmiddle-classpeople,suchasteachersanddoctors.Asaresultofthisandalsoofthefactthatworkers’jobsweregenerallymuchlesssecure,distinctdifferencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistence(过去，工人阶级的工资往往低于中产阶级，如教师和医生。由于这一点，也由于工人的工作普遍不太稳定，生活方式和态度出现了明显的差异),因此选C“收入和工作稳定”。

2.细节事实题。第三段指出:Thestereotypeofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth(中产阶级花钱的旧模式或许更接近真实),因此A项“中产阶级花钱的方式”正确。

3.细节事实题。A:渴望安全,C:在生活中有优先考虑的事情,第三段指出:Notonlydidheregardbuyingahouseasanimportantthing,buthealsoconsideredtheeducationofhischildrenasextremelyimportant.Bothoftheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurity(他(中产阶级)不仅将买房子看成是一件重要的事情，且他还认为自己孩子的教育非常重耍。这两个方而为他和自己的家庭提供了安全),因此A和C属于中