考研考博-英语-上海体育学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海体育学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.填空题

Directions:Youaregoingtoreadsomeinformationaboutsomecompanies.Forquestions21-30,choosefromthecompanies(A-H).Someofthecompaniesmaybechosenmorethanonce.Whenmorethanoneanswerisrequired,thesemaybegiveninanyorder.Thereisanexampleatthebeginning(O).Markyouranswersontheseparateanswersheet.

Whichcompanyorcompanies:

isproudoftheirresearchprogramme?(O)(F)

dealswithcommunicationlinks?(21)()

ispartlyownedbythemanagement?(22)()

statesitdoesnotworkinEurope?(23)()

statesitisconcernedwiththewholefamily?(24)()

profitfromnaturalresources?(25)()(26)()

directlyexchangemoney?(27)()(28)()

makemedicine?(29)()(30)()

FINANCIALTIMESANNUALREPORTSERVICE

Choosewhichofthefollowingreportsyouwishtohavesenttoyou:

A.TVXGoldInc.

TVXGoldInc.isaCanadian-basedgrowth-orientedinternationalminingcompanywith1993goldandgoldequivalentproductionofarecord439,000ouncesatanaveragecashcostof$172perouncefromitsinterestsinsixoperatinggoldmineslocatedinNorthandSouthAmerica.ThestrengthsofTVXGoldincludequalityreserves,longminelife,lowaveragecashcostsandincreaseinproduction,andanew,experiencedandaggressivemanagementteam.

B.Statoil

StatoilisanintegratedNorwegianoilandgascompanyandranksastheleadingoperatoronNorway’scontinentalshelf.Operationsarealsopursuedin20othercountries.ThegroupreportedaprofitbeforetaxationofNOK12billionin1993asagainstNOK9.9billiontheyearbefore.Theincreasewasduetoahighlevelofproduction,areductioninoperatingcostsandimprovedfinancialresults.

Statoilisorganizedinfourbusinessareas—ExplorationandProduction,NaturalGas,OilTradingandShipping,andRefiningandMarketing.From1994Statoil’sinvolvementinPetrochemicalshasbeentransferredtoBorealis,anewpetrochemicalcompanyowned50percentbyNeste.Afterthehive-offofitspetrochemicaloperationin1994,thegrouphasabout12,000employees.

C.TheRabobankGroup

WithtotalassetsofNLG253.2billiontheDutchRabobankGroupranksamongthetop20banksinEuropeandthetop50worldwide.Overthepasttwodecades,thebankhasgraduallyexpandeditsinternationalnetworktocoverstrategicgeographicareas.Itcomprisesnow47officesintheworld’smajorfinancialandcommercialcenters.TheGroup’s“centralbank”,RabobankNederland,operatesasawholesalehouse,specializinginservingmajornationalandinternationalcorporationsandinoperationsonthefinancialmarkets.Besidesdealingroomandtreasuryactivities,thebankofferscorporatefinancialservices(includingconsultancyonmergers,acquisitionsandparticipations)aswellascomprehensivepackageofinternationalservicesthroughitsinternationalnetwork.

D.RobertsPharmaceuticals

RobertsPharmaceuticals(NASDAZ:RPCX)isfastrealizingitsgoalofbecomingamajorpharmaceuticalcompanywhosediversproductscontributetothehealthandwell-beingofallagegroups.Robertshassuccessfullycombinedanaggressiveproductdevelopmentprogrammewithstrategicacquisitions,tocreateaprofitablecompanywithawell-balancedproductionportfolioconcentratedinsixmajortherapeuticcategories.

E.Telia

TheTeliaGroupofferspublicandprivatenetworksfortelephony,datacommunicationsandmobiletelephony.TogetherwithPTTNetherlandsandSwissPTT,Teliaisco-ownerofUnisource.In1993,theTeliaGroup’srevenuestotaledUDS$4.5billion.Returnoncapitalemployedwas14.5percent.TeliainvestedatotalofUSD910million.

F.Roche

RocheisaSwiss-basedinternationalhealth-caregroupemploying56,000peopleworldwide.Itisaresearch-drivencompanywithaleadingpositioninbiotechnologyandactivitiescoveringtheentirehealthspectrumofprevention,diagnosisandtreatmentofdisease.Rochehasgainedahighreputationforthequalityofitsinnovativeresearchandtheoriginalcontributionithasmadetothedevelopmentofnewdrugs.InadditiontopharmaceuticalsRocheisengagedinthefieldsofvitaminsandfinechemicals,diagnostics,fragrancesandflavours.

G.BSS

BSSisaSwissbankwithallthatthisappliesintermsoftradition,experience,securityandconfidentiality.BSSisownedbythe“FondationdeFamilleSandoz”andbykeyexecutivesofthebank.Thebankfocusesonassetmanagementforprivateandinstitutionalclientsandoffersawiderangeofsecuritiesandbankingservicesincludingglobalcustody,forexandstockexchangeoperations.

H.SagaPetroleuma.s.

In1993,SagaPetroleumhadanoperatingprofitofNOK1694millionandaprofitbeforetaxesofNOK1006million.TheGroup’sprovedandprobableoilandgasreservestotal1,474milliontonsofoilequivalent,ofwhich44percentisoil.Intermsofreserves,Sagaisamongthelargestindependentupstreamcompaniesintheworld.ItisSaga’sintentiontofurtherstrengthenitspositionontheNorwegianshelf,andtoutilizethecompany’sexpertiseandcapacitygraduallytodevelopitsinternationalactivities.

Saga’sobjectiveistogivethecompany’sshare-holdersthehighestpossiblereturnontheirinvestmentthroughefficientoperationsandstrictrequirementstotheprofitabilityofnewproducts.

【答案】21.E

22.B

23.A

24.G

25.A

26.B

27.C

28.G

29.D

30.F

【解析】21.句意：哪家公司经营通信链接？由E部分中TheTeliaGroupofferspublicandprivatenetworksfortelephony,datacommunicationsandmobiletelephony.（Telia集团提供用于电话、数据通信和移动电话的公共和私人网络。）可知，Telia集团经营通信链接。因此本题选E。

22.句意：哪个公司部分归管理层所有？由B部分中From1994Statoil’sinvolvementinPetrochemicalshasbeentransferredtoBorealis,anewpetrochemicalcompanyowned50percentbyNeste.（从1994年起，Statoil在石化领域的参与已经转移到Borealis，这是一家新的石化公司，由Neste拥有50%的股份。）可知，Statoil公司管理层持有部分的股权。因此本题选B。

23.句意：哪家公司不在欧洲开展业务？由A部分中TVXGoldInc.isaCanadian-basedgrowth-orientedinternationalminingcompanywith1993goldandgoldequivalentproductionofarecord439,000ouncesatanaveragecashcostof$172perouncefromitsinterestsinsixoperatinggoldmineslocatedinNorthandSouthAmerica.（TVXGoldInc.是一家位于加拿大的成长型国际矿业公司，1993年黄金和黄金当量产量达到创纪录的439,000盎司，平均现金成本为每盎司172美元，该公司在位于北美和南美的六个运营中的金矿拥有权益。）可知，TVXGoldInc.的业务范围只在北美洲和南美洲，不在欧洲。因此本题选A。

24.句意：哪家公司涉及到整个家庭？由G部分中BSSisownedbythe“FondationdeFamilleSandoz”andbykeyexecutivesofthebank.（BSS由“桑多斯家族基金会”和该行主要高管持有。）可知，BSS涉及到桑多斯家族。因此本题选G。

25.句意：哪些公司从自然资源中获利？由A部分中ThestrengthsofTVXGoldincludequalityreserves,longminelife（TVXGold的优势包括优质的储量、较长的矿山寿命）可知，TVXGoldInc.从黄金资源中获利。因此本题选A。

26.句意：哪些公司从自然资源中获利？由B部分中StatoilisanintegratedNorwegianoilandgascompanyandranksastheleadingoperatoronNorway’scontinentalshelf.（Statoil是一家综合性挪威石油和天然气公司，是挪威大陆架上的主要运营商。）可知，Statoil从石油和天然气资源中获利。因此本题选B。

27.句意：哪些公司直接兑换货币？由C部分中Besidesdealingroomandtreasuryactivities,thebankofferscorporatefinancialservices(includingconsultancyonmergers,acquisitionsandparticipations)aswellascomprehensivepackageofinternationalservicesthroughitsinternationalnetwork.（除了交易厅和财务活动，该行还提供企业金融服务，包括兼并、收购和参与方面的咨询，以及通过其国际网络提供全面的一揽子国际服务。）可知，TheRabobankGroup提供全面的国际金融服务，包括货币兑换。因此本题选C。

28.句意：哪些公司直接兑换货币？由G部分中Thebankfocusesonassetmanagementforprivateandinstitutionalclientsandoffersawiderangeofsecuritiesandbankingservicesincludingglobalcustody,forexandstockexchangeoperations.（该银行专注于私人和机构客户的资产管理，提供广泛的证券和银行服务，包括全球托管、外汇和证券交易所业务。）可知，BSS提供外汇业务。因此本题选G。

29.句意：哪些公司制作药物？由D部分中RobertsPharmaceuticalsisfastrealizingitsgoalofbecomingamajorpharmaceuticalcompany（Roberts制药公司正在快速实现其成为一家主要制药公司的目标）可知，RobertsPharmaceuticals是一家制药公司。因此本题选D。

30.句意：哪些公司制作药物？由F部分中Rochehasgainedahighreputationforthequalityofitsinnovativeresearchandtheoriginalcontributionithasmadetothedevelopmentofnewdrugs.（Roche因其创新研究的质量和对新药开发的原创性贡献而获得了很高的声誉。）可知，Roche公司在开发新药。因此本题选F。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChineseandmakesomeeconomiccommentsinEnglishonthefollowingreport.

ChinaannouncedThursdayafiscaldeficitbudgetof950billionYuan($139billion)for2009,arecordhighinsixdecades,asthecountryboostsspendingtocushiontheimpactoftheglobalfinancialcrisis.

Thetotaldeficitaccountsforlessthan3percentofChina'sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),saidChinesePremierWenJiabaoattheopeningoftheparliament'sannualsession.

Despitethedeficitsurge,China'sconstantdeficitdropsinpreviousyearsprovideroomtoissuemorebondsthisyear,saidWenwhendeliveringthegovernmentworkreport.

TheratioofthecumulativebalanceofoutstandinggovernmentbondstoGDP,whichisaround20percent,iswithintheacceptablerangeofwhatouroverallnationalstrengthcanbearandisthereforesafe.

Thetotal950billion-YuandeficitbudgetwasnearlythreetimesChina’slastrecordhighdeficit,whichwas319.8billionYuanin2003.ItwillbenecessarytospendevenmoreifChina'seconomicgrowthfurtherweakensinthesecondquarterofthisyear.

【答案】中国周四公布了2009年的财政赤字预算为9,950亿元（1390亿美元），创下了60年的新高，因为该国增加了支出来缓冲全球金融危机的影响。

中国总理温家宝在年度会议的开幕式上说，中国的总赤字占不到中国国内生产总值的3%。

温家宝在发表政府工作报告时表示，尽管赤字激增，但中国前几年赤字持续下降，为今年发行更多债券提供了空间。

政府债券累计余额占GDP的百分之二十左右，是在我们的综合国力所能承受的范围内，因此是安全的。

2003年，中国近3倍的赤字预算总额达到了319.8亿元。

9500亿元的赤字预算几乎是中国上一次创记录的新高赤字的三倍——2003年为319.8亿元。如果中国经济增长在今年第二季度进一步减弱，就有必要增加支出。

3.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.dilemma

C.junction

D.premise

【答案】B

【解析】句意：父母们经常面对这样的（）：是选择做他们认为对孩子发展好的事情，还是选择对孩子吵闹和破坏放任自由。A选项paradox自相矛盾；B选项dilemma进退两难；C选项junction连接，接合；会合点；D选项premise前提；假定，B选项dilemma符合句意。

4.单选题

Aseducationalsystembecomeuniversal,moreandmorepeoplewereexposedtoabstractlearningratherthantothepractical（

）ofspecificskills.

问题1选项

A.transportation

B.transaction

C.transmission

D.translation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。transportation意为“运送，运输”；transaction意为“交易，业务”；transmission意为“传播，传递”；translation意为“翻译”。

句意：随着教育体系的普及，越来越多的人接触到抽象的学习，而不是具体技能的实际传授。

5.单选题

（）allourkindnesstohelpher,Sararefusedtolisten.

问题1选项

A.At

B.In

C.For

D.On

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管我们好意要帮助Sara，但她不肯听从我们。

考查短语辨析。Atall（否定）根本，究竟；inall总共，合计；forall尽管，虽然；没有onall的搭配用法。根据后半句句意“但她不肯听从我们”可知C项正确。

6.单选题

WhileinLondon,wepaidavisittothehospitalfounded

thenurseFlorenceNightingale.

问题1选项

A.infavorof

B.inhonorof

C.inlinewith

D.inplaceof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。infavorof“支持，赞同”；inhonorof“为纪念”；inlinewith“符合，与……一致”；inplaceof“替代”。句意：在伦敦，我们参观了为纪念护士南丁格尔而创立的医院。选项B符合题意。

7.翻译题

清洁的空气对于健康是至关重要的。如果空气中含有杂质，这些杂质就有可能被我们的身体吸收，使人生病。我们需要清洁的空气，但不幸的是，目前普遍存在着空气污染，尤其是在城市里。城市里有许多食品厂、服装厂和制造其他东西的工厂。每天这些工厂把千百万吨的烟灰排放到空气中。工厂产生的东西过一个时期就会损坏，然后就作为垃圾扔掉。我们烧掉许多垃圾，烟灰就增多了。还有工厂生产的汽车，一旦出厂在街上行驶，将会吸进空气，排出有毒气体，并增加空气中的烟尘。

世界上没有任何一个地方可以彻底摆脱空气污染，我们必须采取措施来控制空气污染。现在越来越多的人正在认识到清洁空气的重要性。学校开设了关于污染问题的课程。企业开始帮着净化空气，他们安装了特别的设备来清除自己排放的烟雾。科学家和发明家正在努力开发更清洁的汽车和火车引擎。

或许，人们在城市里能呼吸新鲜空气的日子终将到来。

【答案】【参考译文】Cleanairisvitaltogoodhealth.Iftheaircontainsimpurities,theymaybeabsorbedbyourbodiesmakeusill.Weneedcleanair,butunfortunately,airpollutionisgenerallypresent,especiallyincities.Therearemanyfoodfactories,garmentfactoriesandfactoriesformakingotherproductsincities.Everydaythesefactoriesdischargemilliontonsofsmokeandsootintotheair.Thingsmadeinfactorieswearoutafterawhileandarethrownawayastrash.Weburnalotoftrash,whichproducesmoresmokeandsoot.Moreover,oncetheautomobilesproducedbyfactoriesareoutonthestreet,theywilltakeinairandreplaceitwithpoisonousgases,whichagainproducemoresmokeandsoot.

Noareaintheworldcancompletelyfreeofairpollution.Wemusttakemeasurestocontrolit.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearerealizingtheimportanceofcleanair.Schoolshavetaughtaboutthepollutionproblem.Industriesarebeguntohelpcleanup,byinstallingequipmenttocleanuptheirsmoke.Scientistsandinventorsaremakingeffortstodevelopcleanerautomobilesandtheengineoftrain.

Perhapsthedaywhenpeopleareabletobreathefreshairincitieswillcomeatlast.

8.单选题

Anotherconcern（

）hastodowiththeeffectone’slivingwillmighthaveoninsurancepremiums.Canone’sinsuranceratesgoupiftheyrequesttotalcareinsteadofminimalcareduringtheirfinaldays?

问题1选项

A.toberaised

B.havingraised

C.beingraised

D.raising

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中还有mighthave，可知空格处为非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语是concern，由句意判断，concern与raise之间是被动关系，且表示正在出现的情况，因此C选项符合题意。

9.单选题

InsomeAfricancountries，thecostoftreatinganAIDSpatientmay（

）hisorherentireannualincome.

问题1选项

A.exploit

B.expel

C.expire

D.exceed

【答案】D

【解析】考察形近词辨析。exploit“剥削，利用”；expel“驱逐”；expire“期满；终止”；exceed“超出”。句意：治疗费用可能会超出他一年的费用。

10.单选题

TomJones,who（）aroundtheworld,willcometoAsianextmonth.

问题1选项

A.willbetouring

B.havetoured

C.hadbeentouring

D.hasbeentouring

【答案】D

【解析】根据句意可知，这里是已经开始并持续进行的动作，所以应该用现在完成进行时。选项D正确。

11.单选题

"Ifwefailtoactnow."saidTom,"We'llfindourselves（）inactionlateron."

问题1选项

A.paidback

B.paidfor

C.paidup

D.paidoff

【答案】B

【解析】句意:“假如我们不现在采取行动”，汤姆说，“我们会发现自己在以后的行动中付出代价”。

考查短语辨析。payback回报，报答；payfor为……付出代价；payup全部付清；payoff还清债务，清偿欠（某人）的债务。

12.翻译题

I’vecometoappreciatethatlifehasitsowntimetable.Ittakesninemonthstomakeababy,2lyearstomakeanadult.Ittakesalongtimetobecomeagoodviolinistordownhillskier.Italsotakestimetobecomeasuccess—andevenmoretimetobecomeasuccessasaperson.

Perhapsthelastthingforcontrollingimpatienceistoexamineyourowncontributiontoit.Areyouunwillingtograntchildrentimetolearn,orslowpeopletimetoaccomplishatask?Ifimpatienceisonlyoccasional,yourannoyancewillpass.Butifyou’realmostalwaysirritableandabrupt,youmaywellfeelthatyou’rejusttooimportanttoeverbekeptwaitingforanyoneoranything.

You’renot,ofcourse;noneofusare.Ifwecanacceptthattheworldisourstoenjoybutnotmadeforourconvenience,we’llbebetterabletomovethroughitequably,morepatientwiththeordinaryvicissitudesoflifeandagoodcompaniontoourfellowhumanbeings—andtoourselves.

【答案】我已经开始欣赏生活有它自己的时间表。9个月就能生个孩子，21年就能长大成人。要成为一名优秀的小提琴家或滑降选手需要很长时间。成功也需要时间，甚至要花费更多的时间来成为一个成功的人。

也许控制不耐烦的最后一件事是检查你自己对它的贡献。你是不愿意给孩子学习的时间，还是不愿意给慢吞吞的人完成任务的时间？如果只是偶尔不耐烦，那么你的烦恼就会过去。但如果你几乎总是易怒和唐突，那么你很可能会觉得自己太重要，以至于不应该等待任何人或任何事。

当然，你不是最重要的，我们都不是最重要的。如果我们能接受这个世界是我们享受的，而不是为我们的便利而创造的，我们就能更好地平静度过，对普通的生活变迁更有耐心，并成为我们人类同胞和我们自己的好伴侣。

13.单选题

Theshipwas（

）inastormoffJamaica.

问题1选项

A.drowned

B.immerged

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】drown淹死，溺死；immerge浸入，浸没；wreck失事；submit使服从。句意：这艘船在离开牙买加的时候，在暴风雨中失事了。选项C符合句意。

14.单选题

Hesatthereswiggingbeerandsmoking.

问题1选项

A.sucking

B.lapping

C.Gulping

D.sipping

【答案】D

【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项sucking“吸，吮吸”；B选项lapping“舔，折叠”；C选项“狼吞虎咽地吃，大口地吸”；D选项sipping“啜饮”。句意：他坐在那里大口喝啤酒，抽烟。Swigging“大口喝，痛饮，畅饮”，D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

15.单选题

Itisnotimprobablethatsomescrupulouspeoplemightbeapttocensuresuchapracticeasalittleborderinguponcruelty.

问题1选项

A.meticulous

B.contemplative

C.imprudent

D.trifle

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.meticulous一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的B.contemplative沉思的，冥想的

C.imprudent轻率的，鲁莽的D.trifle（名词）少量，琐事

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】划线单词scrupulous在句中表示“细心的，小心谨慎的”，A选项词义与划线单词含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为A选项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】有些一丝不苟的人可能会倾向于谴责这种做法有点近乎残忍，这是不大可能的。

16.单选题

I’msureyourresearchhas______thisdisease.

问题1选项

A.contributedtounderstandingof

B.contributedtounderstandof

C.beencontributedtounderstandof

D.beencontributedtounderstandingof

【答案】A

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我相信你的研究有助于了解这种疾病。I’msure(that)+宾语从句，根据contribute的动作发生在过去、对现在有影响，确定用现在完成时；根据contribute的动作是主动发生，确定用主动语态；根据of所属结构确定用名词性的understanding，A选项contributedtounderstandingof符合题意。B选项understand是动词词性，C选项和D选项中hasbeendone是被动语态。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

Althougharchitecturehasartisticqualities,itmustalsosatisfyanumberofimportantpractical（）.

问题1选项

A.obligations

B.regulations

C.observations

D.considerations

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项obligation“义务，债务”；B选项regulation“条例，规程”；C选项observation“观察”；D选项consideration“考虑，注意事项”。句意：建筑虽然具有艺术性，但它也必须满足一些重要的实用性考虑。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

18.单选题

Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Theclockworksallthetimeevenwhentherearenooutsidesignstomarkthepassingoftime.Thebiologicalclocktellsplantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittellsinsectswhentoleavetheprotectivecocoonandflyaway.Andittellsanimalswhentoeat,sleepandwake.Itcontrolsbodytemperature,thereleaseofsomehormonesandevendreams.Thesenaturaldailyeventsarecircadianrhythms.

Manhasknownaboutthemforthousandsofyears.ButthefirstscientificobservationofCircadianrhythmswasnotmadeuntil1729.InthatyearFrenchastronomer,Jean-Jacquesd'OrtousdeMairan,notedthatoneofhisplantsopeneditsleavesatthesametimeeverymorning,andclosedthematthesametimeeverynight.Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekeptitinadarkplaceallthetime.

Laterscientistswonderedaboutcircadianrhythmsinhumans.Theylearnedthatman’sbiologicalclockactuallykeepstimewithadayofalittlelessthan25hoursinsteadofthe24hoursonaman-madeclock.

AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,EliotWeitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks.Thepeopleinhisexperimentsareshutofffromtheoutsideworld.Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.Dr.Weitzmanhopeshisresearchwillleadtoeffectivetreatmentsforcommonsleepproblemsandsleepdisorderscausedbyagingandmentalillness.

ThelaboratoryisintheMontefioreHospitalinNewYorkCity.Ithastwolivingareaswiththreesmallroomsineach.Thewindowsarecovered,sonosunlightormoonlightcomesin.Therearenoradiosortelevisionreceivers.Thereisacontrolroombetweenthelivingareas.Itcontainscomputers,one-waycamerasandotherelectronicdevicesforobservingthepersoninthelivingarea.Theinstrumentsmeasureheartbeat,bodytemperature,hormonesintheblood,othersubstancesintheurineandbrainwavesduringsleep.

Adoctorormedicaltechnicianisondutyinthecontrolroom24hoursadayduringanexperiment.Theydonotworkthesametimeeachdayandarenotpermittedtowearwatches,sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis.

Inthefirstfouryearsofresearch,Dr.Weitzmanandhisassistanthaveobserved16menbetweentheagesof21and80.Themenremainedinthelaboratoryforaslongassixmonths.Lastmonth,asciencereporterforTheNewYorkTimesnewspaper,DavaSobol,becamethefirstwomantotakepartintheexperiment.SheenteredthelaboratoryonJune13thandstayedfor25days.MissSobolwrotereportsabouttheexperimentduringthattime,whichwerepublishedintheNewspaper.

1.Thebiologicalclockisbelievedtoplayanessentialrolein（

）.

2.Inhisobservation,theFrenchscientistnoticedthattheleavesofacertainplantmaintainedtheiropening-and-closingcycles

（

）.

3.Thesentence“Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.”(InParagraph4)probablymeans

（

）.

4.IntheexperimentconductedbyMr.Weitzman,thedoctorwhoisondutydoesnotworkthesametimeeachday

（

）.

5.WhatisMr.Weitzman’sultimatepurposeofestablishingalaboratory?

问题1选项

A.theregulationofbodytemperature

B.thesecretionofhormones

C.animalreproduction

D.manyaspectsofplantandanimalphysiology

问题2选项

A.evenwhenitwaskeptinamurkyplaceallday

B.evenifitwasplacedinthemoonlight

C.evenwhenhewasobservingitfromadarkplace

D.evenduringthenighttime

问题3选项

A.Theycanleadtheirdailylivesaccordingtotheirbiologicalclocks,withoutreferringtoaman-madeclock

B.Theycanlistentothewonderfulrhythmsofthebiologicalclockandliveclosetothem

C.Theycanlivebyregulatingtheirowncircadianrhythms

D.Theyarefreefromtheannoyingrhythmsofeverydaylife

问题4选项

A.inordertoobservetheabnormalbehaviorofthepeopleatdifferenttimes

B.soasnottoberecognizedbythepeople

C.soastoavoidindicatingtothepeoplewhattimeitiswhenhestartswork

D.soastoleavethepeople’scircadianrhythmsindisorder

问题5选项

A.Hewantedtohavehisexperimentreportpublishedinthenewspapers.

B.Peoplearefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.

C.Hewantedtofindawaytotreatpeople’sdiseases.

D.Hecouldgainsomereputationforthefirstscientificobservationofcircadianrhythms.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题目问的是“生物钟在什么方面扮演着非常重要的角色？”文章第一段第一句话提到“所有生物钟都有一个控制其行为的内在生物钟”（Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior），接着提到生物钟告诉植物什么时候开花。告诉动物什么时候进食，什么时候睡觉和清醒，这些都说明生物钟能够引导动植物的生理机能，因此选项D符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“法国科学家观察到植物在何种情况下依然会遵循开与收的循环？”文章第二段提到“即使把这株植物放在一个全黑的环境，它依然会遵循这个规律”（Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekeptitinadarkplaceallthetime），因此，选项A符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。题目问的是“第四段‘他们可以自由按照自己的生物规律生活’意味着什么？”文章第四段第一句提到“一位美国医生建立了一个实验室来研究我们的生物钟如何运作”（AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,EliotWeitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks），由此可知选项A“他们可以按照自己的生物钟而不用参考人为制造的时钟来生活”符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“在威茨曼先生的试验里，负责的医生同样也不按照时钟的时间工作的原因是什么？”文章第六段提到“他们（医生）每天工作时间一样不允许戴手表，所以实验室的人都没有时间概念”（Theydonotworkthesametimeeachdayandarenotpermittedtowearwatches,sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis），选项C“为了防止他向其他人暗示时间”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。题目问的是“威茨曼先生建立实验室的最终目的是什么？”文章第四段最后一句提到“威茨曼先生希望他的研究能够对常见的睡眠问题、变老引起的失眠和精神疾病有治疗效果”（Dr.Weitzmanhopeshisresearchwillleadtoeffectivetreatmentsforcommonsleepproblemsandsleepdisorderscausedbyagingandmentalillness），选项C“他想找到一种治疗疾病的方法”符合题意。

19.单选题

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite（

）qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

问题1选项

A.unbiased

B.manipulated

C.distorted

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】词义辨析题。A选项unbiased“公正的，无偏见的”；B选项manipulated“操作”；C选项distorted“扭曲的”；D选项conveyed“传达”。

句意：当你准备你的演讲时，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息来源和例子。选项A符合句意。

20.单选题

Large,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploynearly60percentoftheworkforceandareexpectedtogeneratehalfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2000.Some1.2millionsmallfirmshaveopenedtheirdoorsoverthepastsixyearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989willseeanadditional200,000entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown.

Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.Nearlyeveryonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally,thecapitalthatsuccessrequires.Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporationandfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaofbeingtheirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso,atleastforawhile,bebookkeeperandreceptionist,too.AccordingtoSmallBusinessAdministrationdata,24ofevery100businessesstartingouttodayarelikelytohavedisappearedintwoyears,and27morewillhaveshuttheirdoorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded.Anewstudyof3,000smallbusinesses,sponsoredbyAmericanExpressandtheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,suggestsslightlybetterodds:Threeyearsafterstart-up,77percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestillalive.Mostcreditedtheirsuccessinlargeparttohavingpickedabusinesstheyalreadywerecomfortablein.Eightypercenthadworkedwiththesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs.

Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.Butmanyentrepreneursforgetthatafirm’shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindicationofhowwellitwillage.Youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse.Intheirzealtoexpand,small-businessownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecayingprofitability.Theyhopefullypourmoreandmoremoneyintotheenterprise,preferringnottoacknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeanthemarketfortheiringeniousserviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave.

Frequentchecksofyourfirm’svitalsignswillalsoguideyoutoasensiblerateofgrowth.Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthesignalsthatitistimetoconquernewmarkets,addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhotidea.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acountry’seconomyisprobablydecidedby（

）.

2.Inordertosucceedinabusiness,theentrepreneurshould

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsmallbusinessisnottrue?

4.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthe3rdparagraphmeanaccordingtothepassage?

5.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theprosperityanddeclineofthetransnationalcorporations

B.theriseandfallofthemarketsandproductsaswellascapital

C.thefateofthesmallbusinessessuchassmallplantsandrestaurants

D.theeconomicincreaseanddecreaseofthelargecompanies

问题2选项

A.getverywellpreparedforhisnewbusiness

B.chooseabusinesshe’salreadyfamiliarwith

C.examinethecompany’scrucialsignsnowandthen

D.investasmuchaspossibleintohisenterprise

问题3选项

A.Ithelpseffectivelytofightunemployment.

B.Theearlieritstarts,thesooneritcollapses.

C.There’sgoodomenforsmallbusinessaccordingtoasurvey.

D.Somesmallbusinessownersareblindtoearlypremonitionoffailure.

问题4选项

A.Thepatientisseriouslyillbecauseoflackofwaterinthewell.

B.Thepatientcanbesavedifhehasenoughmoneytosolvethefinancialproblem.

C.It’stoolateforsmallbusinessownerstorealizethegravityoftheproblembecausetheyhaveuseduptheirmoney.

D.It’surgentforsmallbusinessownerstopouralltheirmoneyintotheenterprisetorevitalizetheirbusiness.

问题5选项

A.Howtobecomeawinnerinsmallbusiness?

B.Howtobeasuccessfulbossinamultinationalcorporation?

C.Howtodealwiththeupsanddownsinsmal