考研考博-英语-上海工艺美术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海工艺美术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Mansonwasascientistofunusual（）andimaginationwhohadstartlingsuccessin（）newandfundamentalprincipleswellinadvanceoftheirgeneralrecognition.

问题1选项

A.restiveness,acknowledging

B.precision,coordinating

C.candor,dispelling

D.insight,discerning

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词和动词辨析。A选项restiveness,acknowledging“难以驾御；倔强”，“承认；答谢；报偿；告知已收到”；B选项precision,coordinating“精度，精密度；精确”，“调节，配合；使动作协调；（衣服、家具等）搭配；与……形成共价键”；C选项candor,dispelling“坦白；直率”；“驱散，驱逐；消除（烦恼等）”；D选项insight,discerning“洞察力；洞悉”，“觉察出；识别；辨别；了解；隐约看见”。句意：作为一位科学家，马里逊具有非凡的洞悉力和想象力，远在某些全新的基本原理被人们普遍认识之前，他早就能够成功地令人吃惊地将其察觉发现。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Thiskindofglassesmanufacturedbyexperiencedcraftsmen______comfortably.

问题1选项

A.wearing

B.areworn

C.isworn

D.wears

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这种眼镜由经验丰富的工匠制作，戴起来很舒服。Thiskindofglasses是句子主语，manufacturedbyexperiencedcraftsmen是修饰主语的定语，横线部分是谓语动词，comfortably是状语。根据主语是第三人称单数确定wears符合题意。A选项wearing是非谓语动词；B选项areworn和C选项isworn是被动语态，这里不用被动语态。因此D选项正确。

3.问答题

Themanagerhasaskedmetoconsiderthisproposalcarefully,(consideration)

【答案】Themanagerhasaskedmetotakethisproposalintoconsiderationcarefully.

4.翻译题

Irememberafilm,Iforgetwhatitwascalled,inwhichfourpeoplewereinterrogatedaboutthecharacterandlife-styleofawomanwhohadbeenmurdered.Allofthemhadknownherwell,buttoeachofthem,shepresentedadifferentside.Themanwholovedhersawherasamusing,intelligentandextravagant.Thegirlwhohadbeenatschoolwithhersaidshewasreserved,slowtomakefriendsandinclinedtobemean.Herboss,forwhomsheworkedasasecretary,foundherhardworkingbutdull,thelastpersontoinspirepassion,letalonemurder.Herlandladysaidshewaseasytogetonwith,untidyandcarelessaboutmoney.“Ialwayshadtoremindheroftherent,”shesaid,“butIlikehershewasalwayscheerfulandwillingtolendahandifanyonewasintrouble”.Theinterestofthefilmwasnotsomuchinwhocommittedthemurder,butinhowitshowedthewayinwhichweallshowdifferentsidesofourselvestodifferentpeople.

【答案】我记得有这样一部电影，我不记得它的名字了。讲述的是四个人被询问关于被谋杀者女性的性格和生活方式。这些人都很了解她，但是她对每个人展示了不同的一面。爱她的那个男人觉得她是一个有趣、聪明却有点浪费的女孩。她同学觉得她是一个保守、不善交友，倾向于自私的人。她当秘书的那个老板觉得她虽然勤奋却很沉闷，永远不会活跃气氛，更别说凶手会谋杀她了。她的房东却说她很好相处，不修边幅，不太在乎钱。“我总要提醒她交房租”她说道，“但是我很喜欢她。她总是那么欢乐，在别人有困难的时候总会伸出援手。”这部电影有趣的地方不在于谁是行凶者，而在于我们都会在不同人面前展示不同的一面。

5.单选题

Ididn’tlistentoMomandIwasnotsurprisedatthelookof（）onherface.

问题1选项

A.indifference

B.compliment

C.negligence

D.reproach

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项indifference“漠不关心；不重视；中立”；B选项compliment“恭维；称赞；问候”；C选项negligence“疏忽；忽视”；D选项reproach“责备；责骂”。句意：我没有听妈妈的话，看到她脸上责备的表情，我并不感到惊讶。题干中说到“Ididn’tlistentoMom我没有听妈妈的话”，而“责备”符合语境，因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Asweareonthepointofsomeimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircredit（

）.

问题1选项

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项transmit“传送，输送，发射”；B选项transfer“转移，搬迁，调动”；C选项transact“（与人或组织

）做业务，做交易”；D选项transport“运送，运输”。由credit（信用）可知C选项符合语境，credittransacting表示“信用交易”。句意：由于我们正与他们进行一些重要的交易，我们想确切地了解他们的信用交易情况。

7.单选题

Theroomwasfullofpeopleandsmoke,shestartedtofeel（）withtheheatinside.

问题1选项

A.craned

B.congested

C.confronted

D.oppressed

【答案】D

【解析】考查词义辨析。craned是crane的过去式和过去分词形式，不是形容词；congested“堵塞的；拥挤的”；confronted是confront的过去式和过去分词形式，不是形容词；oppressed“受压制的”。根据前半句“房间里挤满了人并且到处是烟”，可知在这样的环境下人会感到压抑，因此选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Myshoulderhurt（）eachtimeIputanotherfullbarrelonit,andmylegsoccasionallytrembledasIwasheadingtothestreet.

问题1选项

A.wickedly

B.typically

C.ultimately

D.vainly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。wickedly“恶劣地，居心叵测的”；typically“代表性地，作为特色地”；ultimately“最后，根本”；vainly“徒劳地，无益地”。句意：每次我把装满东西的桶放我肩上时，我的肩膀就疼得厉害，当我走向街头时，我的腿也是不是打颤。能修饰hurt的只有wickedly。故A项正确。

9.填空题

Itcouldperhapsbesaidthattheattractionor________someofusoccasionallyhavetowardsthosewithwealthmayhavepartiallyevolvedfromthisdynamic.(admire)

【答案】admiration

【解析】【考查点】名词。

【解题思路】根据or，可知横线处和attraction都是名词，admiration意思为“赞赏，羡慕”，指的是对富人的羡慕，符合语境。

【句意】或许可以这样说，我们当中的部分人偶尔对富人的向往或羡慕，可能在一定程度上就是从这种相互作用的方式演变而来的。

10.单选题

InRomantimes,defeatedenemiesweregenerallyputtodeathascriminalsforhavingoffendedtheemperorofRome.Inthemiddleages,however,thepracticeofransoming,orreturningprisonersinexchangeformoney,becamecommon.Thoughsomesawthiscustomasasteptowardsamorehumanesociety,theprimaryreasonsbehinditwereeconomicratherthanhumanitarian.

Inthosetimes,rulershadonlyalimitedabilitytoraisetaxes.Theycouldneitherforcetheirsubjectstofightnorpaythemtodoso.Thepromiseofmaterialcompensationintheformofgoodsandransomwasthereforetheonlywayofinducingcombatantstoparticipateinawar.Inthemiddleages,thepredominantincentivefortheindividualsoldiertoparticipateinawarwastheexpectationofspoils.Althoughcollectingransomclearlybroughtfinancialgain,keepingaprisonerandarrangingforhisexchangehaditscosts.Consequently,severalproceduresweredevisedtoreducetransactioncosts.

Onesuchdevicewasaruleassertingthattheprisonerhadtoassesshisownvalue.Thiscompelledtheprisonertoestablishavaluewithoutmuchdistortion;indicatingtoolowavaluewouldincreasethecaptive’schancesofbeingkilled,whileindicatingtoohighavaluewouldeitherrushhimfinanciallyorcreateaprohibitivelyexpensiveransomthatwouldalsoresultindeath.

Asecondmeansofreducingcostswasthepracticeofreleasingaprisoneronhiswordofhonor.Thisprocedurewasadvantageoustobothpartiessincethecaptorwasrelievedoftheexpenseofkeepingtheprisonerwhilethecaptivehadfreedomofmovement.Thecaptoralsobenefitedfinanciallybyhavinghiscaptiveraisetheransomhimself.This“parole”wasaviablepracticesincethereleasedprisonerriskedrecaptureorretaliationagainsthisfamily.Moreover,inmedievalsociety,breakingone’swordhadseriousconsequences.When,forexample,KingFrancoisIbrokehiswordtotheEmperorCharlesVin1525,hisreputationsufferedimmensely.

Afindmethodofreducingcostswastheuseofspecializedinstitutionstoestablishcontactbetweenthetwoparties.Twotypesofinstitutionsemerged:professionaldealerswhoactedasbrokers,andmembersofreligiousorderswhoactedasneutralintermediaries.Dealersadvancedmoneyfortheransomandchargedinterestontheloan.TwoofthereligiousordersthatbecameintermediariesweretheMercedariansandtheTrinitarians,whobetweenthemarrangedtheransomofnearlyonemillionprisoners.

61.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.

62.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatamedievalsoldier______.

63.Intheauthor’sopinion,asoldier’sdecisiontospareanadversary’slifebelinkedhistoricallyto______.

64.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprocessofarrangingransomsduringmedievaltimeswas______.

65.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.discusstheeconomicbasisofthemedievalpracticeofexchangingprisonersforransom

B.examinethehistoryofthetreatmentofprisonersofwar

C.emphasizetheimportanceofawarrior’swordofhonorduringtheMiddleAges

D.explorethreewaysofreducingthecostsofransom

问题2选项

A.hadfeweconomicoptionsandchosetofightbecauseitwastheonlywayto

B.wassimilartoa20th-centuryterroristinthatheoperatedonabasicallyindependentlevelandwasmotivatedsolelybyeconomicincentives

C.waslesslikelytokillcapturedmembersofopposingarmiesthanwasasoldieroftheRomanEmpire

D.wasmotivatedtospareprisonerslivesbyhumanitarianratherthaneconomicideals

问题3选项

A.theeconomicrelationshipofthewarringstates

B.theeconomicgainfromtakinganenemyprisonerratherthankillinghimincombat

C.thecasewithwhichasoldiercouldcaptureandsubsequentlyimprisonhisenemy

D.technologicaladvancesinweaponry

问题4选项

A.morelucrativeformedievalsoldiersandkingsthanthewinningofspoils

B.aproceduresocostlythatitwasnoteconomicallyworthwhileforthecaptors

C.futileforthecaptivesincelieriskedrecaptureevenafterhisransomwaspaid

D.apotentialsourceofincomeforothersasidefromthecaptorsoftheprisoners

问题5选项

A.Anassertionismade,brieflyexplained,andthenseveralexamplesthatrefutetheassertionaregiven.

B.Ahistoricalanalysisismadeofaphenomenonandsupportingdetailsareoffered.

C.Ahypothesisisoffered,carefullyqualified,andthensupportingdataisanalyzed.

D.Agenerallyacceptedhistoricalviewpointispresentedinordertointroducediscussionofitsstrengthsandlimitations.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】61.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“文章的主要目的是……”。文章第一段提到InRomantimes,defeatedenemiesweregenerallyputtodeathascriminalsforhavingoffendedtheemperorofRome.Inthemiddleages,however,thepracticeofransoming,orreturningprisonersinexchangeformoney,becamecommon.Thoughsomesawthiscustomasasteptowardsamorehumanesociety,theprimaryreasonsbehinditwereeconomicratherthanhumanitarian.（在罗马时代，被打败的敌人通常会因为冒犯了罗马皇帝而被当作罪犯处死。然而，在中世纪，赎回或遣返囚犯以换取金钱的做法变得普遍起来。尽管有些人认为这一习俗是迈向更人道社会的一步，但其背后的主要原因是经济而非人道主义。），接着全篇都是在描述中世纪拿战俘换取金钱这一行为，可知文章的主要目的是讨论中世纪统治者拿战俘换取金钱这一行为的经济基础，故A项“讨论中世纪交换囚犯换取赎金的经济基础”符合题意。B项“研究战俘待遇的历史”和C项“在中世纪强调战士的荣誉承诺的重要性”，都只是在文章中有稍微提到，比较片面；D项“探索三种降低赎金成本的方法”，根据第二段倒数两句Althoughcollectingransomclearlybroughtfinancialgain,keepingaprisonerandarrangingforhisexchangehaditscosts.Consequently,severalproceduresweredevisedtoreducetransactioncosts.（虽然收集赎金显然带来了经济利益，但关押和安排交换囚犯是有代价的。因此，制定了若干程序以减少交易成本。），由此可知，降低交易成本只是统治者为了能够获得最大的经济利益，是讨论统治者拿战俘换取金钱这一行为的一部分内容，D项概括不够全面。故该题选A。

62.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据文章可以推断中世纪的士兵……”。根据第二段第四句Inthemiddleages,thepredominantincentivefortheindividualsoldiertoparticipateinawarwastheexpectationofspoils.（在中世纪，每个士兵参加战争的主要动机是对战利品的期望）可知中世纪士兵是为了获得战利品而去战斗，因为中世纪战俘可以换赎金，所以一般不会像罗马时期一样杀死战俘，故C项“他比罗马帝国的士兵更不可能杀死被敌军俘虏的士兵”符合题意；A项“没有什么经济选择，所以选择战斗，因为这是唯一的办法”，第二段第三句提到Thepromiseofmaterialcompensationintheformofgoodsandransomwasthereforetheonlywayofinducingcombatantstoparticipateinawar.（以货物和赎金形式提供物质补偿的承诺是诱使战斗人员参加战争的唯一办法）可知，让士兵参加战斗的唯一办法是承诺以货物和赎金形式提供物质补偿，所以A项错误；B项“类似于20世纪的恐怖分子，他基本上是独立运作的，只受经济动机的驱使”，全文作者没有将中世纪的士兵与现代的恐怖主义作比较，故不选B；D项“是出于人道主义而不是经济理想来拯救囚犯的生命”，释放战俘是为了获得赎金，而不是人道主义，所以D项也不选。故该题选C。

63.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“在作者看来，一名士兵决定宽恕敌人的生命历史上是与……有关”。根据第一段的第二句话Inthemiddleages,however,thepracticeofransoming,orreturningprisonersinexchangeformoney,becamecommon.（然而，在中世纪，赎回或遣返囚犯以换取金钱的做法变得普遍起来），我们可以知道战士不杀死战俘的原因是为了赎金；这是个人经济动力驱使，所以B项“在战斗中俘虏敌人而不是杀死他所获得的经济收益”符合题意。A项“战国的经济关系”，文章没有提到罗马帝国和战国的经济关系；C项“一名士兵可以捕获并监禁他的敌人的情况”这不是士兵会宽恕敌人的生命的原因，最终是为了获得赎金；D项“武器装备技术进步”文章也未提到；故该题选B。

64.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以推断出中世纪安排赎金的过程是……”。根据第二段第四句IntheMiddleAges,thepredominantincentivefortheindividualsoldiertoparticipateinawarwastheexpectationofspoils.（在中世纪，每个士兵参加战争的主要动机是对战利品的期望）可知，士兵的最大动力是战利品，而俘虏战俘换取赎金只是另外一种收入，因为关押战俘需要成本，所以A项“对中世纪的士兵和国王来说，比赢得战利品更有利可图”不选；B项“这个程序太昂贵以至于对绑架者来说在经济上不划算”，第二段最后一句有提到Consequently,severalproceduresweredevisedtoreducetransactioncosts.（因此，制定了若干程序以减少交易成本），由此可知，他们采取了降低成本的方法，所以B项错误；C项“对俘虏来说是徒劳无功的，因为即使在他支付了赎金之后，他仍然冒着被抓回的危险”，题干说的是俘虏者而不是被俘虏者，与题干无关，故C项不选；D项“除了俘虏者之外，其他人的潜在收入来源”，文中提到因为关押和安排交换囚犯是有代价，所以制定了若干程序减少成本，其中就提到了“假释”囚犯和利用专门机构在双方之间建立联系，这是除了俘虏者外，其他人的潜在经济收入，所以D项符合。故该题选D。

65.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】文章主旨题。题干意思是“下列哪个选项最好地描述了这篇文章的组织结构？”。全文就是针对中世纪的拿战俘换取赎金的现象进行分析，并给出了细致的流程说明来支持这个分析，B项“对一种现象进行历史分析，并提供支持细节”符合。A项“给出一个断言，简要解释，然后给出几个反驳该断言的例子”文中不是用实例来驳斥论点，A项不选；C项“提出一个假设，仔细确认，然后分析支持数据”，战俘换取赎金的现象是历史存在过的，不是一种推论，所以不选C项；D项“一个被普遍接受的历史观点是为了引入对其优势和局限性的讨论”，文章也没有谈论这个历史事实的优缺点，D项错误；故该题选B。

11.单选题

AIDSactivistspermanentlychangedandshortenedAmerica’s（

）processfortestingandapprovingnewdrugsofallkinds,foralldiseases.

问题1选项

A.efficient

B.stagnant

C.complex

D.appropriate

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滞的，不景气的；complex复杂的，合成的；appropriate适当的。句意：艾滋病活动人士永久性地改变并缩短了美国测试和批准用于治疗各种疾病的各种新药的复杂过程。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Moviedirectorsusemusicto（

）theactiononthescreen.

问题1选项

A.contaminate

B.compliment

C.contemplate

D.complement

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contaminate“污染”；compliment“恭维”；contemplate“沉思，注视”；complement“补充”。句意：电影导演用音乐来补充荧幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

Heistooyoungtobeableto________betweenrightandwrong.

问题1选项

A.discard

B.discern

C.disperse

D.disregard

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“抛弃”；B选项“辨别，察觉”；C选项“分散”；D选项“不理睬”。句意：他太年轻了不能（）对与错。对错之间是需要判断的，所以答案选B。

14.单选题

Toimpressafutureemployeroneshoulddressneatly,be（

）,anddisplayinterestinthejob.

问题1选项

A.swift

B.instant

C.timely

D.punctual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项swift“迅速的，敏捷的，立刻的”；B选项instant“立即的，直接的，紧迫的”；C选项timely“及时的”；D选项punctual“按时的，准时的”。句意：要想给未来老板留下好印象，应聘者应穿着整齐，严格准时，并且表现出对工作的兴趣。结合句意，D选项正确。

15.单选题

Iftheheavyrainhad（）anextremehightide，seriousfloodingwouldhaveresulted.

问题1选项

A.happenedto

B.occurredto

C.coincidedwith

D.turnedout

【答案】C

【解析】动词词组辨析。happenedto“碰巧”；occurredto“想起”；coincidedwith“与……相一致”；turnedout“结果是”。句意：如果大鱼正好逢上极端高潮，可能会导致严重的洪水。选项C符合题意。

16.单选题

Haveyouafunny（）orunusualexperiencethatyouwouldliketoshare?

问题1选项

A.amusement

B.incident

C.accident

D.section

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你有想分享的有趣事情或不同寻常的经历吗？

考查名词辨析。amusement娱乐，快乐；incident事件；accident意外事故；section部分，地区。因此B符合句意。

17.单选题

Thesoilispartoftheearth,（）theatmosphere.

问题1选项

A.asitis

B.thesameis

C.sois

D.andsois

【答案】D

【解析】asitis

实际上,

事实上,

既然如此；same常用搭配是thesameas；选项C缺少连词，所以本题选项D。句意：土地是地球的一部分,

大气也是。

18.单选题

Onthefatefulnightin1930whenthefirstGermanbombsfellonPoland,youngNinaNovak,oneofPoland'smostpromisingdancers,wasperformingintheOperaHouseinWarsaw.TwodayslatertheOperaHousewasdestroyedbybombs.Nina'swholelifehadbeendevotedtoballet:Nowherworldcollapsedaroundher.Inthedarkyearsthatfollowed,itseemedthatshewouldneverdanceagain,muchlessbecomeoneoftheworld'sleadingballerinas.ButNinahadcourageandadreamthatbeganwhenshewasveryyoung.

NinawasborninWarsawandspenttheearlyyearsofherchildhoodthere;HerfirstschoolteachernoticedlittleNina’sgraceandtoldhersheshouldstudydancing,Ninadelightedlyreportedtheteacher'swordsathome,buthermotherfoughttheidea,sayingthatnodaughterofherswasgoingtobeadancer.Nina,however,wasadeterminedchild.Shehadmadeuphermindtobeareallygreatballerinanomatterwhatthecost,andsheworkedtowardthisgoalwithherwholebeing.ShecoaxedandrageduntilhermotherfinallygaveinandletherenrollatthePolishOperaBalletSchool.

Herfirstappearanceonstagecamethreeyearslater,whenshewasallowedtodancethepartofaslavegirlintheoperaAida.Shortlyafterthis,Ninabecamearealprofessional,dancingfortwoyearsasprimaballerinaoftheChildren'sofWarsaw.

Whenshewasthirteen,shewastakenintothePolishOperaCompany.Shewastheyoungestdancerevertobecomeamemberofitscorpsdeballet.Thefollowingyear,shestartedoutwiththecompanyonalongEuropeantour.ShespenttwoexcitingyearsdancinginthecapitalsofEurope,andsherosefromherhumbleplaceinthecorpsdeballetallthewaytosoloist.

ShehadjustreturnedtoWarsawafterthistourwhenthePolishStateBalletwasinvitedtodanceattheWorld’sFarinNewYorkearlyin1929.ButwhileshewasdancinggailyinNewYork,warcloudsweredarkeningoverhernativecountry.NinahadbeenhomeforonlyamonthwhenHitlermarchedintoPoland.

TheinvadingGermansdecreedthatanyonewhodidnothaveajobwouldbesenttoaworkcamp.Atgreatrisk,NinarefusedtodanceatthelargetheaterthattheGermanshadtaken-over.InsteadshejoinedagroupofPolishdancersinasmall,ill-equippedtheaterwheretheygaveperformancesonlyfortheirowncountrymen.

ThedarkyearsofWorldWarIIworeon.Onebyone,themembersofNina'slargeandwealthyfamilywerearrestedandsenttoconcentration:camps.Heradoredolderbrotherwastakenfirst,thenherfather,thenNinaandherotherbrothersandsisters.Theywereseparatedandsenttodifferentcamps.Ninafranticallyaskedfornewsofherfamilyfromeachprisonerwhocametohercamp.Drearymonthdraggedbybeforethetragicnewsreachedherthatherbelovedbrotherhadbeenkilledfromanti-Naziactivities.Herfather,too,wasdead—ofstarvation.

Dazedwithgrief,shenolongercaredwhethershelivedordied.Sixmonthslater,whenliberatingtroopsarrivedandthrewopentheprisongates,shewassothinthatshecouldhardlywalk.

Barelyawarethatthewarwasover;Ninalistlesslybegantopickupthethreadsofherlife.Shewasreunitedwithwhatwasleftofherfamily,andtheytriedtomakesomesortoflifeforthemselvesinwar-tomPoland.Shebegantofeelvaguestirringsoftheold,familiardesiretodance,butshewasstilltoodepressedandweaktopractice.Heryoungerbrothertriedtoencourageher.Hebegantopracticewithher,andsoontheyhadbuiltupacharminglittledanceroutineoftheirown.TogethertheyfounddancingengagementsinmanyWarsawnightspots.ThefamilydecidedthatthebestfutureforNinaasadancerwasintheUnitedSates,andtheystartedsavingmoneyforhertomakethetrip.

NinaarrivedinNewYorkin1947—aslightgirlwhosetragicdarkeyesheldtheonlyhintoftheheartbreakshehadbeenthrough.ShesentaboutlearningtospeakEnglishandtookintensiveballetlessonstoretrainherstill-frailbody.SheappliedforapositioninthecorpsdeballetoftheBalletRussedeMonteCarloin1948,andwasaccepted.Sheworkedhard,determinedtorisetothetop.Fouryearslater,shehadmadethegrade-shewasthetop-rankingballerinawiththeBalletRussedeMonteCarlo.

ThebitterwarhadbroughtNinaheartbreakandhaddrivenhertothevergeofphysicalcollapse.Butinspiteofthis;shesaystoday,"Alwaysinlife,Ihaveluck—reallyhaveluck!"Sheinsiststhatitwasluckthatbroughthertwoofhergreatestroles.ThefirstwasSwan-HildainCoppelia.Ninadancedthatroleonthreedays’noticewhentheBalletRussedeMonteCarlowasinChicago.ReplacingDanilova,whowasill,shedancedsowellthatshegotravenoticesfromtheChicagocritics.

Itwasluckagain,accordingtoNinathatbroughthertheroleinMutewifeforwhichsheisbestknown.Theleadingballerinahadanargumentwiththechoreographerandwalkedout.Ninasteppedin.

ShehaswonaleadingroleinalmosteveryballetoftheBalletRusse.Stilldrivenbyambition,sheissodedicatedtoherprofessionthatnothingelsematterstoher.NinaNovakhastakenforhercreedthewordsofherteacheroflongago:"Ifpeopletellyouthatyoucannotdance,donotbelievethem,foryoucan.Butiftheysaythatyouarewonderful,donotbelievethemeither,foryoumustalwaysimprove."

1.WhenNinawastakenintothePolishOperaCompany,shewas（）.

2.Ofthefollowingevents,thefirsttooccurwas（）.

3.WhydidNinarefusetodanceatthetheatertakenoverbytheGermans?

4.Itismostaccuratetosaythatthewar（）.

5.Ninathinksthatshe（）.

问题1选项

A.thestarorprimaballerina

B.theyoungestdancer

C.stillabeginner

D.theleadingprofessionaldancer

问题2选项

A.theGermaninvasionofPoland

B.Nina'sEuropeantour

C.TheWorld'sFairinNewYork

D.Nina'sbecominga'realprofessionaldancer

问题3选项

A.Becauseshewantedtodanceinalargetheatre.

B.Becauseshewasnolongerinterestedindancing.

C.BecauseshedidnotwanttodancefortheGermans.

D.Becauseshewasillandtooweaktodance.

问题4选项

A.didnotaffectNina'sdevotiontodancing

B.almostruinedNina'swholelife

C.changedNina'smostimportantgoals

D.hadagreatinfluenceonNina'scharacters

问题5选项

A.stillmustprovetoothersthatshecandance

B.stillmustworkatlearningtodance

C.hasatlastreachedhergoal

D.hadmadegreatachievementsindancing.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题，根据原文第四段Whenshewasthirteen,shewastakenintothePolishOperaCompany.Shewastheyoungestdancerevertobecomeamemberofitscorpsdeballet.可知，Nina在十三岁时进入波兰戏剧公司，是最年轻的舞蹈演员。因此，本题正确答案为B项。

2.细节事实题。由原文第四段Thefollowingyear,shestartedoutwiththecompanyonalongEuropeantour.可知，在进入PolishOperaCompany之后，Nina参与了一个长期的欧洲巡演。因此，本题正确答案为B项。

3.C推理判断题。由原文第六段TheinvadingGermansdecreedthatanyonewhodidnothaveajobwouldbesenttoaworkcamp.Atgreatrisk,NinarefusedtodanceatthelargetheaterthattheGermanshadtaken-overInsteadhejoinedagroupofPolishdancersinasmall,ill-equippedtheaterwheretheygaveperformancesonlyfortheirowncountrymen.可知，入侵的德国人下令，任何没有工作的人都将被送到劳改营。冒着极大的危险，Nina拒绝在德国人占领的大剧院里跳舞，而是加入了一群波兰舞者，在一个设备简陋的小剧院里，只为自己的同胞表演。因此，本题正确答案为C项。

4.推理判断题。根据原文内容可知，战争给Nina的人生和舞蹈生涯都带来了很大的打击。她的家人在战争中相继被迫害，她自己也被送到了集中营，但是她始终都保持着对舞蹈的热爱和追求。A选项didnotaffectNina’sdevotiontodancing“没有影响Nina对舞蹈的热爱”符合题意，故正确答案为A项。

5.细节事实题。根据原文最后一段Ifpeopletellyouthatyoucannotdance,donotbelievethem,foryoucan.Butiftheysaythatyouarewonderful,donotbelievethemeitherforyoumustalwaysimprove.可知，Nina的信条是不要相信别人对自己的否定，也不要满足于别人对自己的赞扬，人需要不断提升自我。所以B项“她认为自己仍然需要不断地学习舞蹈，提高技艺”符合原文内容，故本题正确答案为B项。

19.单选题

Scientificintegrityisasmuchamatterofself-interestasitisof（

）.

问题1选项

A.self-esteem

B.self-deceiving

C.selfishness

D.self-improvement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。self-esteem“自尊；自负；自大”；self-deceiving“自欺的”；selfishness“自私自利”；self-improvement“自我改善；自我修养”。句意：科学诚信有关尊严，更是与自身利益有关的事情。选项A符合题意。

20.单选题

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.

B.Socialworkasaprofession.

C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.

D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.

问题2选项

A.Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.

B.Theyraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.

C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.

D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.

B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.

C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.

D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.

问题4选项

A.Socialworks,joboptionsandresponsibilities.

B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.

C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.

D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Hi,I’mElizabethHoffler,MasterofSocialWork.I’masocialworker,alobbyistandaspecialassistanttotheExecutiveDirectorattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.[19]Todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutbecomingasocialworker.Socialworkisthehelpingprofession.[20]Itsprimarymissionistoenhancehumanwell-beingandhelpmeetthebasicneedsofallpeople,withaparticularfocusonthosewhoarevulnerable,oppressed,andlivinginpoverty.Weoftendealwithcomplexhumanneeds.Socialworkisdifferentfromotherprofessions,becausewefocusonthepersonandenvironment.Wedealwiththeexternalfactorsthatimpactaperson’ssituationandoutlook.Andwecreateopportunityforassessmentandinterventiontohelpclientsandcommunitiescopeeffectivelywiththeirrealityandchangethatrealitywhennecessary.Inthousandsofwayssocialworkershelpotherpeople—peoplefromeveryage,everybackground,acrossthecountry.Whereverneeded,socialworkerscometohelp.Themostwell-knownaspectoftheprofessionisthatofasocialsafetynet.Wehelpguidepeopletocriticalresourcesandcounselthemonlife-changingdecisions.Therearemorethansixhundredthousandprofessionalsocialworkersinthecountry,and[21]wealleitherhaveabachelor’sdegree,amaster’sdegree,oraPhDinsocialwork.Therearemoreclinically-trainedsocialworkersthanclinically-trainedpsychiatrists,psychologistsandpsychiatricnursescombined.

Throughoutthisseries,youwilllearnmoreabouttheprofession,thenecessarystepstogetasocialworkdegree,therichhistoryofsocialworkandmanywaysthatsocialworkershelpothers.Laterinthisseries,you’llhearfromStacyCollinsandMelWilson,fellowsocialworkersattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.Stacyisgoingtowalkyouthroughthestep-by-stepprocessofbecomingasocialworker,and[22]Melwilltellyouabouttherangeofoptionsyouhaveonceyougetyoursocialworkdegree,aswellasthehighstandardsofresponsibilitythatsocialworkersmustadhereto.TheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkersrepresentsnearly145,000socialworkersacrossthecountry.Ourmissionistopromote,protectandadvancethesocialworkprofession.Wehopeyouenjoythisseriesabouthowyoucanmakeadifferencebybecomingasocialworker.Next,wearegoingtotalkaboutchoosingsocialwork.

19.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话者主要谈论的是什么？录音开头就提及：今天我们将讨论如何成为一名社会工作者。社会工作是助人的职业。B选项“作为一种职业的社会工作”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“社会工作的历史”在录音中并没有信息提及；C选项“社会工作申请人所需的学历”和D选项“全国社会工作者协会的目标”，虽然在原文中均有所涉及，但并不是谈话人主要谈论的话题，因此均可排除。

20.Whatdosocialworkersmainlydo?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问社工主要是做什么？说话者在介绍完主题之后，立马讲到：社工的主要任务是增进人类福祉，帮助满足所有人的基本需求，特别关注弱势群体以及受压迫和生活贫困的人。D选项“他们帮助提高弱势群体的福祉”符合原文表述，因此正确。A选项“他们试图改变人们的社会行为”；B选项“他们提高人们的环境意识”和C选项“他们为失业者创造很多机会”都不是他们主要做的事情，因此排除。

21.Whatdoprofessionalsocialworkershaveincommonaccordingtothespeaker?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问根据说话者，专业社会工作者有什么共同点？录音提到全国有60多万的专业社会工作者，他们都有社会工作的学士学位、硕士学位或者博士学位。也就是说，专业社会工作者的共同点是都有社会工作的学位，因此C选项“他们都有社会工作学位”正确。A选项“通过工作他们已大不相同”和D选项“他们都接受过严格的临床培训”是利用录音中的makeadifference和clinically-trained设置的干扰项；B选项“他们都是国家协会的成员”在录音中并未提及，因此排除。

22.WhatisMelWilsongoingtotalkaboutintheseries?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问MelWilson将在这个系列中谈论什么？录音的后半部分提到，稍后在本系列，MelWilson将会讲述在拿到社会工作的学位之后的择业范围，以及社会工作者必须坚守的高标准的责任。A选项“社工的工作选择和责任”是对录音原文的概括，因此正确。B选项“社会工作者满足人们需要的方式”；C选项“对社会工作者而言培训的重要性”以及D选项“社会工作者社会地位的提升”均不是MelWilson在本系列要讨论的内容，因此排除。

21.单选题

Topreventfloodinginwinterthewaterflowingfromthedamisconstantly（

）byacomputer.

问题1选项

A.managed

B.graded

C.monitored

D.conducted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项managed“管理，调教”；B选项graded“分级”；C选项monitored“检测，监听”；D选项conducted“管理，引导，指挥”。句意：为了防止冬季发洪水，大坝的水流经常被电脑（）。现实中洪水和电脑之间的关系只有检测关系，所以答案应该选C。

22.问答题

Cancerdevelopswhencellsinapartofthebodybegintogrowoutcontrol.Althoughtherearemanykindsofcancer,theyallstartbecauseofout-of-controlgrowthofabnormalcells.

Normalbodycells