考研考博-英语-三江学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三江学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Weagreethatacentralpurposeofdramahasalwaysbeentoprovideameansforasocietyto_______uponitselfanditsbeliefs.

问题1选项

A.manifest

B.reflect

C.invent

D.respect

【答案】B

【解析】manifest证明,显示;reflect反映;invent发明,创作;respect尊重。句意：我们一致认为,戏剧的中心思想一直是为社会提供一种反映自身及其信仰的手段。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.TogotoSusanforadvice.

B.TotrytothinklikeSusan.

C.TobreakupwithSusan.

D.TohaveadatewithSusan.

【答案】A

【解析】M:MenarefromMars,andwomenarefromVenus.It’sreallyhardformetounderstandEmily.

W:SusanisthebestfriendofEmily,whydon’tyoupickherbrain?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanadvicethemantodo?

【解析】细节题。女士提议：SusanisthebestfriendofEmily,whydon’tyoupickherbrain?即建议去找Susan了解一下。

3.翻译题

爱因斯坦出生于德国南部的一个犹太中产阶级家庭。母亲非常喜欢音乐。爱因斯坦受她的影响很大。她鼓励小爱因斯坦对小提琴和古典音乐的爱好。他的父亲，一名工程师，对爱因斯坦的影响甚微。不过，是他送给了他五岁儿子那个著名的玩具指南针，促发了小爱因斯坦的第一次“思想实验”：玩具中的针为什么总指向北？爱因斯坦后来成为一位伟大的物理学家。他的思想早己超出了科学范围，影响着从绘画到诗歌的现代文化。

【答案】Einsteinwasborninamiddle-classJewishfamilyinsouthernGermany.Hewasstronglyimpactedbyhismotherwhowasfondofmusic.Sheencouragedhispassionfortheviolinandclassicalmusic.Hisfather,anengineer,hadlittleeffectonEinstein.Butitwashewhogavehisfive-year-oldsonthefamoustoycompassthatinspiredyoungEinstein’sfirst“thoughtexperiment”—whatmadetheneedlealwayspointnorth?Later,Einsteinbecameagreatphysicist.Hisideashavegonebeyondscience,influencingmodernculturefrompaintingtopoetry.

4.单选题

Byafternoon,itwasimpossibleto（）theheat,sowestoppedworkingandwent

inside.

问题1选项

A.mask

B.endure

C.defeat

D.shelter

【答案】B

【解析】句意:到下午了，我们不可能忍受炎热，因此，我们要停止工作，回到室内。

考查动词辨析。mask掩藏；endure忍耐，容忍；defeat战胜，击败；shelter保护，庇护。根据宾语theheat热度可知，B项正确。

5.单选题

Neglecthasacceleratedtheprocessofthisbuilding’s（

）?

问题1选项

A.decline

B.egeneration

C.decay

D.wither

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。decline下降，衰退；degeneration退化，恶化；decay衰减，衰败，腐烂；wither枯萎，凋谢。句意：疏忽大意加速了这座建筑物的衰败。选项C更符合语境。

6.翻译题

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatare（）（均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的）。

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,which（）（把美观和功能完美地结合起来）。

3.我们必须培养分析问题和解决问题的能力。

4.认识落后，才能改变落后。学习先进，才有可能赶超先进。

5.一个不怕困难、百折不挠、坚持到底的科学工作者一定会在科研工作中取得光辉的成就。

【答案】1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatarebalanceddietsareessentialtogoodhealth.

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,whichcombinesbeautywithfunctionperfectly.

3.Wemustdeveloptheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.

4.Onlybyunderstandingbackwardnesscanwechangebackwardness.Learningadvancedmakesitpossibletocatchupwithandsurpasstheadvanced.

5.Ascientificworkerwhoisnotafraidofdifficulties,perseveringinspiteofsetbacksandperseveringtotheendwillsurelyachievebrilliantachievementsinhisscientificresearchwork.

7.单选题

Hebelievesthatit’swrongthatsomepeopleshouldenjoywealth,privilege,influenceandpowersolely（）anaccidentofbirth.

问题1选项

A.onthegroundof

B.forthesakeof

C.inviewof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词词组辨析。onthegroundof“以……为理由，因为”；forthesakeof“为了……的利益”；inviewof“鉴于，考虑到”；byvirtueof“由于，凭借”。句意：他认为有些人一出生就可以享受财富、特权和权势的观点是错误的。选项D符合题意。

8.问答题

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addaword,ordeleteaword.MarkoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovidedontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouchangeawordunderlineitand-writethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingBlank.Ifyouoddaword,putaninsertionmark,(/)intherightplaceantiwritethemissingwordinblank.Ifyouaddaword,underlineitandputaslash(/)intheblank.

【答案】1.other→another

2.shopping→shop

3.or→and

4.at→on

5.to→/

6.are→were

7.makes→making

8.without→away

9.mean→means

10.discourage→encourage

【解析】1.固定搭配。Oneanother互相。

2.词性误用。此句中由and并列连接不定式动词短语，因此，将shopping改为动词原形shop。

3.连词误用。并列连词or表示选择“或者”，and表示“然后，接着”。因此这里应该用and。

4.固定搭配。bemadon对…着迷。

5.固定搭配。Makesb.dosth.使某人做某事。

6.语法题。这是由supposing(that)引导条件句，整句话是过去时态，因此，that从句中的谓语动词“aren’t”应该改为“werenot”。

7.语法题。句子已经有谓语动词was，因此动词make得变成非谓语动词。另外，make与逻辑主语company之间是主动关系。而且，根据并列连词and后面的非谓语形式“making”可知，此处要将makes改为making。

8.固定搭配。该处句意为:假设只有一个商店，你得买它所提供的东西，根据它的要求付钱，或者离开。你没有真正的选择。Goaway表示“走开，离开”，因此将without改为away。

9.语法题。考查主谓一致。该句主语是不可数名词“competition(竞争)”。因此谓语动词应该用三单形式。

10.动词误用。前面句意为:供应商之间的竞争意味着消费者可以获得更好的交易；消费者的选择是影响产品的重要手段。因此此处应该表示的是“消费者鼓励竞争”。

9.单选题

IX.ForensicAppraisal

Asacategoricalmatter,thescienceofShakenBabySyndrome(SBS)cannolongersupportafindingofproofbeyondareasonabledoubtintriad-only(三联征)cases—caseswhichrepresentasignificantnumberofSBSprosecutions.Putsimply,herechangehasraisedtherealpossibilityofpasterror.

Inthepast,themerepresenceofretinalhemorrhaging,(视网膜出血)subduralhematoma(硬膜下血肿),andcerebraledema(脑水肿)wastakentomeanthatababyhadbeenshakenhardenoughtoproducewhatwereconceptualizedaswhiplashforces.AccordingtotheconventionalunderstandingofSBS,theapplicationofrotationalaccelerationanddecelerationforcestotheinfant’sheadcausesthebraintorotateintheskull.Abruptdecelerationallowscontinuingbrainrotationuntilbridgingveinsarestretchedandruptured,causingathinlayerofsubduralhaemorrhageonthesurfaceofthebrain.Retinalhemorrhageswerethoughttoresultfromasimilarcausalmechanism.Mostsignificantly,thetriadofsymptomswasbelievedtobedistinctlycharacteristicofviolentshaking.

Despiteitslingeringpresenceinthepopularimagination,thescientificunderpinningsofSBShavecrumbledoverthepastdecadeasthemedicalestablishmenthasdeliberatelydiscardedadiagnosisdefinedbyshaking.Althoughnosinglenomenclaturehasemergedinitsplace,doctorsarenowinwidespreadagreementthatSBSisanunhelpfulcharacterization,andthatthepresenceofretinalhemorrhagesandsubduralhematomacannotconclusivelyprovethatinjurywasinflicted.

Althoughitmaybetemptingtoconcludesimplythatscienceevolves,andleavetheinquirythere,thestoryismorecomplex;anobjectlessoninscientificoverreachingandthechallengeofcorrection.

AnumberofforcescoalescedtotransformSBSfromacertaindiagnosisintoitscurrentstateofflux.Mostimportantly,inthemid-tolate-1990s,medicalresearch,includingtheSBSliterature,becamesubjecttoaheightenedlevelofscrutiny.Thenewevidence-basedmedicinestandardsrequireddoctorstoderivetheirresearchfrommethodsthatarescientificandstatisticallyrigorous.Thechangetriggeredareviewoftheevidencesupportinganumberofareasofmedicine,andincludedacomprehensiveefforttoexaminethescienceunderlyingSBS.

Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination:themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS.

83.OnelearnsfromtheparagraphsthatSBSis___.

84.Thepresenceofthefollowingsyndromesmakesthedoctorsbelievethatababywasshakenhard,except___.

85.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thefollowingstatementisNOTcorrect___.

86.Onecanforeseethataftertherecentresearchresultbasedonevidence,___.

问题1选项

A.adiseasethatcanbecaughtbyababy

B.asyndromethatcourtsusetochargeadefendantforababy’sdeath

C.asyndromethatdoctorslookattodeterminethecauseofababy’sdeath

D.anewdiscovery

问题2选项

A.thebabywaslessthanoneyearold

B.retinalhemorrhaging

C.subduralhematoma

D.cerebraledema

问题3选项

A.themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusion

B.thepreviousconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBSwasnotcorrect

C.theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinadifferentresult

D.themedicalliteraturepublishedafter1998containedadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusion

问题4选项

A.theprosecutionofSBSdefendantwillnolongerexist

B.thepastconvictionofSBSwilldefinitelybeannouncedtobeerror

C.therewillprobablybechallengetopastconvictionforcorrection

D.doctorsaregoingtoabandonthetermSBS

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】83.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段第一句Asacategoricalmatter,thescienceofShakenBabySyndrome(SBS)cannolongersupportafindingofproofbeyondareasonabledoubtintriad-only(三联征)cases—caseswhichrepresentasignificantnumberofSBSprosecutions.（作为一个绝对的问题，婴儿摇晃综合征的科学不再支持在三联征案件中无可置疑地找到证据——这些案件代表了大量SBS起诉）以及最后一段Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination:themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS.（将循证框架应用于SBS文献导致了一个显著的决定：1998年之前出版的医学文献包含了不充分的科学证据，无法就与SBS有关的因果关系、诊断、治疗或任何其他问题的大多数方面得出坚定的结论）可知SBS是用来控诉被告造成婴儿死亡的一种综合征，选B选项“法庭用来指控被告造成婴儿死亡的一种综合症”；A选项“一种可以被婴儿传染的疾病”，B选项“医生通过观察确定婴儿死亡原因的一种综合症”和D选项“一项新发现”原文未涉及，排除。因此B选项符合题意。

84.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段第一句Inthepast,themerepresenceofretinalhemorrhaging,(视网膜出血)subduralhematoma(硬膜下血肿),andcerebraledema(脑水肿)wastakentomeanthatababyhadbeenshakenhardenoughtoproducewhatwereconceptualizedaswhiplashforces.（在过去，仅仅存在视网膜出血、硬膜下血肿和脑水肿就被认为是婴儿受到了足够大的震动，产生了所谓的鞭打力）可知B选项“视网膜出血”，C选项“硬膜下血肿”以及D选项“脑水肿”这些症状的存在使医生相信婴儿被用力摇晃，不符合题意，排除；A选项“婴儿不到一岁”原文未涉及，符合题意。因此A选项正确。

85.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS（1998年之前出版的医学文献包含了不充分的科学证据，无法就与SBS有关的因果关系、诊断、治疗或任何其他问题的大多数方面得出坚定的结论）可知A选项“1998年以前出版的医学文献包含不充分的科学证据，无法得出确定的结论”和B选项“先前关于与SBS有关的因果关系、诊断、治疗或任何其他问题的大多数方面的结论是不正确的”描述正确，最后一段开头Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination（将循证框架应用于SBS文献导致了一个显著的决定），结合下文可知这个显著的决定和以往的内容不同，因此C选项“将循证框架应用于SBS文献产生了不同的结果”描述正确；D选项“1998年之后出版的医学文献包含了足够的科学证据来得出坚定的结论”在最后一段未提及，属于过度推断。因此D选项符合题意。

86.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据原文第一段最后一句Putsimply,herechangehasraisedtherealpossibilityofpasterror.（简单地说，这里的变化增加了过去错误的真正可能性）以及最后一段最后一句themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS（1998年之前出版的医学文献包含了不充分的科学证据，无法就与SBS有关的因果关系、诊断、治疗或任何其他问题的大多数方面得出坚定的结论）可知最近的研究结果可能会让过去的定罪产生质疑，选C选项“可能会对过去的定罪提出质疑”，A选项“SBS被告的起诉将不复存在”和B选项“SBS过去的定罪肯定会被宣布为错误”属于过度推断，排除；第三段Althoughnosinglenomenclaturehasemergedinitsplace...（虽然没有一个单独的术语来代替它……）只能推断出没有另外的术语来代替SBS，无法得知SBS是否会被医生放弃，D选项“医生们将放弃术语SBS”不符合原文，排除。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Thisbookshouldbewell-recommendedwithinthe（

）ofanyonewhohasstudiedEnglishforfouryears.

问题1选项

A.possession

B.competence

C.confidence

D.qualification

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。句意:应向学过四年英语的人力荐这本书。

possession:拥有，所有,个人财产。competence:能力，胜任,本领。confidence:信心。qualification:资格，条件。

11.单选题

Usingpopularathletestoendorseandpitchcompaniesandtheirproductshasbecomecommonplaceinadvertising.U.S.companiespaidmorethan$1billiontonearly2,000athletesforendorsementdealsandlicensingrightsin1996-atenfoldincreasefromjustadecadeago.Nikealonespendsmorethan$100millionayearonendorsementcontracts.TheaverageathleteontheForbessuper40listoftop-earningathletescommandsaround$250,000ayearforanationalendorsement.SuperstarMichaelJordan,theathletewhomakesthemostfromendorsements,considersonlymultiyeardealsthatpayatleast$10million.Inadditiontotheendorsementfees,companiesspendanother$10billiontoadvertiseandpromotetheirassociationtotheseathletes.

Whilecompaniesareinvestinghugesumsofmoneyintotheconceptthatathletesmakegoodpromoter,theyarealsorecognizingthatchoosingacelebrityendorserisnolongeramatterofpersonaltasteandtop-managementwhimsy.Severalcompanieshavebeenbadlyburnedwhentheirhigh-pricedendorserswereinvolvedinmessyscandalsandcontroversies.HertzCorp,usedO.J.Simpsonasitsspokespersonfor20yearsandlostallofthatequitywhenhewasaccusedofmurderinghisex-wifeandherfriend.Smallercompaniesfaceevengreaterriskswhentheyentrusttheirnameandimagetoanathlete.WhenDallasCowboysfootballstarMichaelIrvinwascaughtinamotelroomwithstrippersanddrugs,13Toyotadealershipsthatpaidhim$120,000todoaseriesofcommercialshadlittlechoicebuttopulltheadsandswallowthe$400,000inproductioncosts.WhenIrvinrefusedtoreturnhispayment,aswellasa$50,000carthedealershipshadlenthim,theysued,thecasesettledoutofcourt.

Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.However,manymarketersarewillingtotakechanceonirreverentorrebelliousathleteswhoseoutlandishbehaviordrawsattentiontothem.Forexample,basketballstarDennisRodmanhasparlayedhisbadimageintoendorsementcontractswithNike,McDonald's,PizzaHut,ComfortInn,andConverse.Rodman’ssponsorsbelieveheappealstotheelusiveGenerationXmarketthatthesecompaniesaretryingtoreach.However,Rodman’santicshavebecometoomuchforsomecompanies.TheCarl’sJr.fast-foodchaintemporarilysuspendeditsrelationshipwithRodmaninearly1997whenhewassuspendedforkickingacourtsidephotographerduringagame.

Mostcompaniesaremovingawayfromcontroversialathletesandlookingforoneswhowillnotjustattractattentionbutenhancetheimageofthecompanyorbrandtheyareendorsing.Theirgoalistoachieveanendorser'shaloeffect-apositiveassociationthatbathestheproductingoodvibesafterapopularsportscelebrityhaspitchedit.Marketershavediscoveredthatthereareanumberof“niceguys”availabletoendorsetheirproducts.AmongthemaretennisstarsPeteSamprasandMichaelChang(whohasemergedasthemostpopularathleteinAsiabyfar),SanFranciscoquarterbackSteveYoung,baseballironmanCalRipkenJr.,LosAngelesLakersbasketballstarShaquilleO’Neal,hockeystarWayneGretzky,andgolferTigerWoods.Evenformerstarswithlikablepersonalitiesandimagesaspositiverolemodelsarestillpopular,includingArnoldPalmer,JoeMontana,JimPalmer,NolanRyan,andChrisEvert,

PerhapsnobodyembodiesthenewbreedofniceguysuperstarbetterthanbasketballstarGrantHill.AnAll-AmericanatDuke,hestayedallfouryearsandgraduatedwithhisclass.Hisfather,Calvin,playedfootballatYaleandwasastarwiththeDallasCowboys.DuringhisfirsttwoyearsintheNBA,HillreceivedmorefanvotesforaspotontheNBAAll-Starteamthananyotherplayer,includingMichaelJordan.

ThebiggestbeneficiaryofGrantHill’snonabrasive,good-humored,All-AmericanimagehasbeenFila,andItaliancompanythatsignedHilltoanendorsementcontractin1994.SincesigningHill,Filahasbecomethethird-largestsneakermakerintheUnitesStates.Salesshotup37percentin1995andanother40percentin1996to$750million.Hill’snamesakeshoetrailsonlyNike’sAirJordansinsale.FilaofficialsreadilyacknowledgethatHill’s“niceguys”imageappealstothecurrentsensibilitiesofMiddleAmerican.

ThreeyearsagobasketballstarCharlesBarkleyappearedinaNikecommercialwherehegloweredatthecameraanddeclared,“Iamnotarolemodel,”Sincethen,hisendorsementtakebeencutinhalf.Hillreadilyacknowledges“Iamarolemodel.”Inadditiontogetting$6millionayearfromFilaplusa5percentroyaltyonthesaleofhisshoes,HillhasendorsecontractwithSprite,GMCtrucks,Kellogg’sandMcDonald’s.Itappearsthatniceguysarefinishingfirstintheendorsementgame.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,basketballstarGrantHillhasendorsecontractwith（）

3.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingmakesthemostfromendorsement?

4.Allofthefollowingareregardedas“NiceGuys”availabletoendorsetheproductsEXCEPT（）

5.Fila,anItaliancompanyfirstsignedGrantHilltoanendorsementcontract（）

问题1选项

A.DallasCowboysfootballstarMichaelIrvinmade13Toyotadealershipspulltheadsandswallowthe$400,000inproductioncosts.

B.“Niceguys”havefarmoreeffectsonU.S.companiesthantheirreverentathletes.

C.BasketballstarGrantHill,embodiesthenewbreedofniceguysuperstarbetterthananyotherathlete.

D.Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.

问题2选项

A.McDonald’s

B.Nike

C.PizzaHut

D.HertzCorp.

问题3选项

A.GrantHill

B.DennisRodman

C.MichaelJordan

D.O.J.Simpson

问题4选项

A.MichaelChang

B.SteveYoung

C.ShaquilleO’Neal

D.DennisRodman

问题5选项

A.in1996

B.in1995

C.in1994

D.in1993

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据原文中第三段的第一句“Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.”可知本句为全文的中心句。所以选项D正确。选项A只是文中提到的一个例子；选项B,C描述不准确。所以本题选D。

2.细节事实题。根据最后一段的倒数第二句“...HillhasendorsecontractwithSprite,GMCtrucks,Kellogg’sandMcDonald’s.”可知选项A正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段倒数第二句“SuperstarMichaelJordan,theathletewhomakesthemostfromendorsements,considersonlymultiyeardealsthatpayatleast$10million.”可知选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第四段“Marketershavediscoveredthatthereareanumberof“niceguys”availabletoendorsetheirproducts.Amongthemare...”选项A,B,C均有提及；根据第三段“basketballstarDennisRodmanhasparlayedhisbadimageintoendorsementcontractswithNike,McDonald's,PizzaHut,ComfortInn,andConverse.”可知DennisRodman的形象不太好。所以本题选D。

5.细节事实题。根据文章倒数第二段的第一句“ThebiggestbeneficiaryofGrantHill’snonabrasive,good-humored,All-AmericanimagehasbeenFila,andItaliancompanythatsignedHilltoanendorsementcontractin1994.”可知选项C正确。

12.单选题

Itistruethat（

）awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

问题1选项

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generation

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。multiply意为“乘”；breed意为“饲养，培育(动植物)”；magnify意为“放大”；generation作名词时，意为“产生，繁殖”。

句意：将野生植物培育成小麦等主要粮食作物需要进行大量的研究，这一点是千真万确的。

13.单选题

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecov-rysystems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,wherehighratesfheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,owever,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceerup-ivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspon-aneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultofrecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichin-olvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebe-ngdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDRs,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtoreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycircula-ionofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150°C,istdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslyeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100oCmayeusefulforspaceheating；however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Careesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachaesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.Temperaturegra-ientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssocia-ionofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrossheUnitedStates.(Therearemanyareas,however,forwhichnotemperaturegradientrecordsex-st.)

IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperatureradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.?softo-alenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.fweconservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2percentisrecoverable,wefindatotalofallthecoalemainingintheUnitedStates.Theremainingproblemistobalancetheeconomicsofdeeper,hotter,orecostlywellsandshallower,cooler，lessexpensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproduct,e-ectricityand/orheat.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto().

2.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina()

3.Accordingthepassage,anaveragegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthcanbeusedto()

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheavailabilityoftemperature-depthrecordsforanyspe-cificareaintheUnitedStatesdependsprimarilyonthe().

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.alertreaderstotheexistenceofHDRsasanavailableenergysource

B.documentthechallengesthathavebeensurmountedintheefforttorecoverenergyfromHDRs

C.warntheusersofcoalandoilthatHDRsarenotaneconomicallyfeasiblealternative

D.encouragetheuseofnewtechniquesfortherecoveryofenergyfromundergroundhotwaterandsteam

问题2选项

A.petrologicalresearchreportfocusedonthehistoryoftemperature-depthrecordsintheUnitedStates

B.congressionalreporturgingtheconservationofoilandnaturalgasreservesintheUnitedStates

C.technicaljournalarticleconcernedwiththerecoverabilityofnewlyidentifiedenergysources

D.consumerreportdescribingtheextentandaccessibilityofremainingcoalresources

问题3选项

A.balancetheeconomicsofHDRenergyretrievalagainstthatofundergroundhotwaterorsteamrecoverysystems

B.determinetheamountofenergythatwillbeusedforspaceheatingintheUnitedStates

C.providecomparisonsbetweenhotwaterandHDRenergysourcesinUnitedStates

D.estimatethetotalHDRresourcebaseintheUnitedStates

问题4选项

A.possibilitythatHDRsmaybefoundinthatarea

B.existenceofpreviousattemptstoobtainoilorgasinthatarea

C.historyofsuccessfulhotwaterorsteamrecoveryeffortsinthatarea

D.failureofinhabitantstoconserveoilgasreservesinthatarea

问题5选项

A.EnergyfromWaterSources:TheFeasibilityofCommercialSystems

B.GeothermalEnergyRetrieval:VolcanicActivityandHotDryRocks

C.EnergyUnderground:GeothermalSourcesGiveWaytoFossilFuels

D.TappableEnergyforAmerica’sFuture:HotDryRocks

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.最后一段指出：IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge（HDR能源基础是巨大的）。A项“提醒读者HDR可作为可利用能源”符合文意。

2.本文旨在提醒读者HDR可作为可利用能源。所以，这篇文章可能出现在C项“关于新发现能源可恢复性的技术期刊”上。

3.根据题干关键词“averagegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepth”定位至最后一段：IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates（迹象表明，HDR的能源库巨大。如果按每公里深度的地热梯度平均为22摄氏度计算，可以得出美国1万公里深度的地壳岩石中所包含的总能源。）D项“estimatethetotalHDRresourcebase”符合文意。

4.第四段指出：“Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggest

thattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.”B项“该地区先前试图获取燃油和天然气”符合文意。

5.本文讲述了HDR能源的发现及应用前景，通篇的关键词为HDR。D项最适合做文章的标题。

14.单选题

Theactualprocessbywhichcoalisextractediswell（

）,ifyougetthechanceandarewillingtotakethetrouble.

问题1选项

A.worthwatching

B.worthtobewatched

C.worthywatching

D.worthytobewatched

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。worth“值得的”；beworthdoing“值得做”；worthy“值得的，有价值的”。句意：如果有机会而且你也不怕费事，采煤的实际过程还是很值得一看的。根据句意及搭配可知A项正确，答案A

15.单选题

ThechancesofinfectionofBSEor"mad-cowdisease"maybeslight,butthatdoesnotstoppeople_______beefenmasse.

问题1选项

A.shunning

B.ignoring

C.disregarding

D.affronting

【答案】A

【解析】shun避开,避免;ignore不理睬,忽视;disregard漠视;affront公开侮辱，冒犯。句意：感染疯牛病的概率是很小的，但这并不能阻止人们大量食用牛肉。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

Arrivinganywherewiththesepossessions,hemightjustaseasily_______foramonthorayearasforasingleday.

问题1选项

A.putup

B.stayup

C.speedup

D.makeup

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。putupfor“获得食宿安排”；stayup“熬夜”；speedup“加速”；makeup“组成，补充，编造”。句意：带着这些财产去任何地方，你可以住上一个月或者一年，就像过上一天一样。选项A符合题意。

17.单选题

ThehistoryofblackliberationmovementsintheUnitedStatescouldbecharacterizedasastruggleoverimagesasmuchasithasalsobeenastruggleforrights,forequalaccess.Tomanyreformistblackcivilrightsactivists,whobelievedthatdesegregationwouldofferthehumanizingcontextthatwouldchallengeandchangewhitesupremacy,theissueofrepresentation—controloverimages—wasneverasimportantasequalaccess.（1）

.RogerWilkinsemphasizesthispointinhisrecentessay“WhiteOut”.

Inthoseinnocentdays,beforedesegregationhadreallybeentried,beforetheNewFrontierandtheGreatSociety,manyofusblackshadlovely,naivehopesforintegration…Inournaivete,webelievedthatthepowertosegregatewasthegreatestpowerthathadbeenwieldedagainstus.Itturnedoutthatourexpectationswerewrong.

（2）

.

Thoughourpoliticsdiffer,Wilkins'sobservationsechomyinsistence,intheopeningessayofBlackLooks:Representation,thatblackpeoplehavemadefew,ifany,revolutionaryinter