考研考博-英语-山东财经大学东方学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东财经大学东方学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

问题1选项

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“废弃的，老式的”；B选项“侵略性的，好斗的”；C选项“和谐的，和睦的”；D选项“和蔼可亲的，亲切的”，句意：国际体育应该创造国家之间的友好关系，但在目前的奥林匹克组织中以某种方式鼓励______爱国主义。由but可以得知和前文应该是有转折的，因此空格处想表达的应该是“鼓励带有挑衅性的爱国精神”。因此B选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Youwillseethisproduct（

）whereveryougo.

问题1选项

A.tobeadvertised

B.advertised

C.advertise

D.advertising

【答案】B

【解析】语法（分词作后置定语）题。分析题干可知，空格处填入的是定语来修饰thisproduct。而product和advertise是被动关系，所以用表被动的过去分词作后置定语，B选项正确。

3.单选题

Agustofwindblewopenthewindowsand（

）thepapersalloverthefloor.

问题1选项

A.scattered

B.spit

C.split

D.spread

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词辨析。scatter“使散开，使分散”；spit“吐痰”；split“分裂”；spread“扩散”。句意：一阵风吹开了窗户，纸张散落了一地。选项A符合句意。

4.单选题

We’retalkingaboutmoneyhere,andthethingsyoubuywithit—andaboutwhatattitudeweshouldtaketospending.

Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,therehasbeenageneralagreementthatweshouldworkhard,saveforthefutureandspendnomorethanwecanafford.It’snicetohaveacomfortableliferightnow,butitisbesttothinkofthefuture.Yeteconomistshavelongknownthatthingsdon’tworkoutthatway.Theypointtoanideacalledthe“paradoxofthrift”.Imagineyouaretheownerofabigbusinessmakingconsumergoods.Youwantyourownstafftoworkhardandsavetheirmoney.Thatway,youdon’thavetopaythemasmuch.Butyouwanteverybodyelsetospendallthemoneytheycan.Thatwayyoumakebiggerprofits.

It’saproblemonaglobalscale.ManypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStatesareworriedaboutlevelsofpersonaldebt.Yetifpeoplesuddenlystoppedbuyingthingsandstartedpayingbackwhattheyowetocreditcardcompanies,alltheeconomiesoftheWesternworldwouldcollapse.Thebankswouldbehappy,buteverybodyelsewouldbeintrouble.

Traditionally,economistshavebelievedthatspendingmoneyisaboutmakingrationalchoices.Peoplebuythingstomaketheirlifebetterinsomeway.Butinrecentyears,theyhavenoticedthatpeopleoftendonotactuallybehaveinthatway.Weallknowpeoplewhotakepleasureinbuyinguselessthings.Andtherearemanypeoplearoundwhowon’tbuythingsthattheyneed.

Inarecentseriesofexperiments,scientistsatStanfordUniversityintheUSconfirmedsomethingthatmanypeoplehavelongsuspected.Peoplespendmoneybecausetheactofbuyinggivesthempleasure.Andtheyrefusetospendwhenitcausesthempain.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatdifferentareasofthebrainthatanticipatepleasureandpainbecomemoreactivewhenwearemakingadecisiontobuythings.Peoplewhospendalothavetheirpleasurecentersstimulated.Peoplewholiketosavefindbuyingthingspainful.

Ifyouthinkyoureallywantthatproductbecauseit’sbeautifuloruseful,youarewrong,saythescientists.Thedesiretobuysomethingisaproductofthereactionbetweenchemicalsreleasedbydifferentpartsofthebrainwhentheeyesseeaproduct.

1.Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,peopleareadvisedto（）.

2.Accordingtothecontext“paradox”(inParagraph2)probablymeans“（）”.

3.ItisimpliedthatmanypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStates（）.

4.Accordingtotheresentstudiesmadebyeconomists,people（）.

5.IthasbeenprovedbythescientistsatStanfordUniversitythatsomepeopleliketosavemoneybecause（）.

问题1选项

A.enjoytheirpresentlifeasmuchaspossiblet

B.spendeverypennytheyhaveearnedt

C.saveeverypennyforthefuturet

D.savesomemoneyforlateruset

问题2选项

A.contradictiont

B.hypothesist

C.declarationt

D.assertiont

问题3选项

A.havetoworkhardtomakeendsmeett

B.spendmorethantheycanaffordt

C.havetroubleinpayingbacktheirdebtst

D.don’tpaybacktheirdebtsontimet

问题4选项

A.takepleasureinbuyinguselessthingst

B.won’tbuythingsthattheyneedt

C.spendtheirmoneyirrationallyt

D.makerationalchoiceswhilespendingtheirmoneyt

问题5选项

A.theylikekeepingtheirmoneyinthebankt

B.theywillfeelsafeiftheysaveenoughmoneyforthefuturet

C.theydon’twanttospendtheirmoneyonuselessthingst

D.spendingmoneygivesthempain

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节推理题。题干意思是“在大多数历史和文化中，人们都被建议去做……”。根据文章第二段第一句Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,therehasbeenageneralagreementthatweshouldworkhard,saveforthefutureandspendnomorethanwecanafford.（纵观历史，在大多数文化中，人们普遍认为，我们应该努力工作，为未来储蓄，支出不能超过我们的负担能力）可知，在大多数历史和文化中，人们都被建议努力工作，为未来储蓄，因此D项“存一些钱以后用”符合题意。A项“尽可能享受他们现在的生活”，原文提到“努力工作”，所以A项内容不正确；B项“花他们赚的每一分钱”，内容与原文相反；C项“为将来节省每一分钱”，原文提到“支出不能超过我们的负担能力”，所以在正常的支出范围内可以进行必要的消费，C项内容太绝对。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第2题:语义推测题。题干意思是“根据语境，第二段的‘paradox’的意思可能是……”。根据文章定位到第二段第四句Theypointtoanideacalledthe“paradoxofthrift”（他们提出了一个名为“paradoxofthrift”的观点），上文提到传统的观念是努力工作并为未来储蓄，但经济学家并不这样认为；后文接着举例阐述了paradoxofthrift这一概念，Imagineyouaretheownerofabigbusinessmakingconsumergoods.Youwantyourownstafftoworkhardandsavetheirmoney.Thatway,youdon’thavetopaythemasmuch.Butyouwanteverybodyelsetospendallthemoneytheycan.Thatwayyoumakebiggerprofits.（设想你是一家生产消费品的大公司的老板，你希望自己的员工努力工作并省钱，这样的话你就不用付他们那么多钱了；但你想让其他人尽可能多花钱，这样你就能获得更大的利润），由这个例子可知，传统观念提倡存钱，但经济学上来说老板会更希望人们尽可能多的花钱，所以前后不一致，根据关键词thrift（节俭）和上下文语境可知，paradox表示“悖论”，故A项“矛盾”更符合。B项“假设”，文章是通过假设来解释这个“节俭悖论”，所以B项错误；C项“公告”和D项“断言，声明”都不符合paradox的词义。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第3题:细节推理题。题干意思是“它暗示着许多人在英国和美国……”。第三段前两句指出ManypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStatesareworriedaboutlevelsofpersonaldebt.Yetifpeoplesuddenlystoppedbuyingthingsandstartedpayingbackwhattheyowetocreditcardcompanies,alltheeconomiesoftheWesternworldwouldcollapse.（英国和美国的许多人都对个人债务水平感到担忧；然而，如果人们突然停止购物，开始偿还他们欠信用卡公司的钱，西方世界的所有经济都会崩溃），由此可以推断，英美国家的人们普遍有使用信用卡提前消费的习惯，所以他们实际的支出是超出了他们能够负担的范围，故B项“花费超出他们的负担能力”正确。A项“必须努力工作才能收支平衡”，内容不符合题干；C项“偿还债务有困难”内容比较片面；D项“不按时偿还债务”文中没提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第4题:细节推理题。题干意思是“根据经济学家最近的研究，人们……”。根据题干定位到文章第四段Traditionally,economistshavebelievedthatspendingmoneyisaboutmakingrationalchoices.Peoplebuythingstomaketheirlifebetterinsomeway.Butinrecentyears,theyhavenoticedthatpeopleoftendonotactuallybehaveinthatway.（传统上，经济学家认为花钱是理性的选择；人们买东西在某种程度上是为了让他们的生活更好；但近年来，他们注意到人们通常不会那样做），可知经济学家认为花钱是理性的选择，但人们在某种程度上并没有理性消费，所以可以推断人们花钱是不理智的，故C项“不理智地花钱”符合题意。A项“以买无用的东西为乐”和B项“不会买自己需要的东西”都只是不理智花钱的一部分，比较片面；D项“在花钱的时候做出理性的选择”，内容与原文相反。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。题干意思是“斯坦福大学的科学家已经证明，有些人喜欢存钱是因为……”。根据题干定位到文章第五段Peoplespendmoneybecausetheactofbuyinggivesthempleasure.Andtheyrefusetospendwhenitcausesthempain.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatdifferentareasofthebrainthatanticipatepleasureandpainbecomemoreactivewhenwearemakingadecisiontobuythings.（人们花钱是因为购买行为能给他们带来快乐；他们拒绝消费，因为这会给他们带来痛苦；科学家们发现，当我们做出购买决定时，大脑中预测快乐和痛苦的不同区域会变得更加活跃），由此我们可以推测，有些人不喜欢购物而喜欢存钱是因为买东西会让他们觉得很痛苦，故D项“花钱给他们带来痛苦”符合题意。A项“他们喜欢把钱存在银行里”和B项“如果他们为未来存足够的钱，他们就会感到安全”文中都没有提到；C项“他们不想把钱花在没用的东西上”，内容不符合原文。因此，该题选择D项正确。

5.单选题

Therehavebeenseveralattemptstointroducegayercolorsandstylesinmen’sclothing,butnoneofthem（）.

问题1选项

A.hascaughton

B.hascaughthimout

C.hascaughtup

D.takeroots

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项原形是catchon“理解，明白，变得流行”；B选项原形是catchout“发现……有错误”；C选项原形是catchup“赶上”；D选项takeroots“生根，扎根”。句意“曾有几次尝试在男装中引入更鲜艳的颜色和风格，但都没有流行起来”。选项A符合语境。

6.单选题

AlthoughHankappearsoutgoingandboldoncamera,inpersonheisalivingpictureofdocilityand______.

问题1选项

A.sycophantic

B.servile

C.submissive

D.slavish

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项sycophantic“说奉承话的，阿谀的”，B项servile“奴性的，恭顺的”，C项submissive“顺从的，服从的”，D项slavish“照搬的，刻板模仿的”。根据although可知，句子前后表示对比，前面提到outgoingandbold（外向大胆），结合选项可知docilityand______可填入B项表示“顺从”。句意：虽然汉克在镜头前显得外向而大胆，但他本人却是一个温顺顺从的活生生的形象。因此，该题选择C项。

7.单选题

Eventhoughitisa（

）explanation,Iamnotcompletelyconvinced.

问题1选项

A.susceptible

B.plausible

C.plentiful

D.reliable

【答案】B

【解析】susceptible易受影响的，易感动的；plausible貌似可信的，貌似有理的；plentiful许多的，丰富的；reliable可靠的，可信赖的。句意：尽管这是一个合理的解释，但我并不完全信服。选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

Nowhereelsealongthecoast______suchshallowwatersofarfromland.

问题1选项

A.isthere

B.isit

C.thereis

D.itis

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.isthere有B.isit它是

C.thereis有D.itis它是

【考查点】倒装。

【解题思路】Nowhere是含有否定的词语，把含有否定的词语放在句首，句子需要部分倒装，而根据alongthecoast（沿海），可知用therebe句型符合句意。因此，该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

C、D选项没有倒装；

B选项并不符合句意。

【句意】沿海没有其他地方有如此远离陆地的浅滩。

9.单选题

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines（廉价并且趣味低级的杂志）,theBug-EyedMonster,embodyingeverytraitandfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive,isabouttograb,andpresumablyravish,asweet,blonde,curvaceous,scantilycladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Incontrasttothisunwarrantedstereotype,sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,andwhenitdoes,itismorediscreetthanothercontemporaryfiction.Instead,thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudyingfornootherliteraryfromdoesquitethesamethings.

Whatissciencefiction?Tobegin,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowstheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwillnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown,thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarger.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral,thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefiction,ingeneral,appliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asetting,characters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarrator,story,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

1.Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysubgenrebecause（

）.

2.Thefinalsentenceinthepassageimpliesthat

（

）.

3.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthatpeoplereadsciencefictionespeciallyfor

（

）.

4.Anappropriatetitleforthispassagewouldbe

（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thepopularimageofsciencefictionis（

）.

问题1选项

A.itisnotimportantenoughtobealiteraiygenre.

B.itcannotbemadeintoadramaticpresentation.

C.itsharescharacteristicswithothertypesofprosefiction.

D.tocallita“genre”wouldsubjectittoliteraryjargon.

问题2选项

A.Thereadershouldturnnexttocommentariesongeneralfiction.

B.Thereisnoreasonforanyreadernottolikesciencefiction.

C.Thereadershouldcompareothernovelsandstoriestosciencefiction.

D.Thosewhocanappreciateprosefictioncanappreciatesciencefiction.

问题3选项

A.thediscoveryofmeaning

B.thebeautyoflanguage

C.thedisplayofcharacter

D.thepsychologicalcomplexity

问题4选项

A.OntheInaccuraciesofPulpMagazines

B.TowardaDefinitionofScienceFiction

C.ATypeofProseFiction.

D.BeyondtheBug-EyedMonster.

问题5选项

A.prejudiced

B.impartial

C.worthy

D.admiring

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral,thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.”可知科幻小说具有其他小说很多相同的特点，因此C选项“它与其他类型的散文小说有着共同的特点”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.”总之，阅读、欣赏科幻小说和任何其它故事或小说的原因以及研究和分析它们的方法基本上是同样的，可推测出能欣赏散文小说的那些人也能欣赏科幻小说，因为阅读它们的方法基本一样，因此选D。

3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.”

此外，与任何散文一样，科幻小说的主题关注于解释人类的本性以及人类与自身周围世界有关的经历。因此A选项“发现意义”符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了科幻小说的定义，并介绍了它的特点、主题以及与其他文学作品的相同点，因此选B。

5.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines...Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.”许多人似乎认为科幻小说的典型代表是一些廉价并且趣味低级的杂志的封面……这是不幸的，因为它贬低了一个有价值甚至重要的文学努力。可知作者认为人们对科幻小说的流行形象是有世俗偏见的，因此选A。

10.单选题

Whatifoursocietyusesnew-foundtechnologiesof“geneticengineering”tointerferewiththebiologicalnatureofhumanbeings?Mightthatnotbedisastrous?

Whataboutcloning,forinstance?

Cloningisatermoriginallyusedinconnectionwithnonsexualreproductionofplantsandverysimpleanimal.Nowitiscomingintouseinconnectionwithhigheranimals,sincebiologistsarefindingwaysofstartingwithanindividualcellofagrownanimalandinducingittomultiplyintothesamewayinthefuture.

Butiscloningasafethingtounleashonsociety?Mightitnotbeusedfordestructivepurposes?Forinstance,mightnotsomerulinggroupdecidetoclonetheirsubmissive,downtroddenpeasantry,andthusproduceendlesshordesofsemi-robotswhowillslavetokeepafewinluxuryandwhomayevenserveasendlessranksofsoldiersdesignedtoconquertherestoftheworld?

Adreadfulthought,butanunnecessaryfear.Foronething,thereisnoneedtocloneforthepurpose.Theordinarymethodofreproductionproducesallthehumanbeingsthatareneededandasrapidlyasisneeded.Rightnow,theordinarymethodisproducingsomanypeopleastoputcivilizationindangerofimminentdestruction.Whatmorecancloningdo?

Secondly,unskilledsemi-robotscannotbesuccessfullypittedagainsttheskilledusersofmachine,eitheronfarms,infactoriesorinarmies.Anynationdependingondowntroddenmasseswillfinditselfaneasymarkforexploitationbyalesspopulousbutmoreskilledandversatilesociety.Thishashappenedinthepastoftenenough.

Butevenifweforgetaboutself-hordes,whataboutthecloningofarelativelyfewindividuals?Therearerichpeoplewhocouldaffordtheexpense,orpoliticianswhocouldhavetheinfluenceforit,orthegiftedwhocouldundergoitbypopulardemand.Therecanbetwoifaparticularbankerorgovernororscientist—orthree—orathousand.Mightthisnotcreateakindofprivilegedcaste,whowouldreproducethemselvesingreaterandgreaternumbers,andwhowouldgraduallytakeovertheworld?

Beforewegrowconcernedaboutthis,wemustaskwhethertherewillreallybeanygreatdemandforcloning.Wouldyouwanttobecloned?Thenewindividualformedyourcellwillhaveyourgenesandthereforeyourappearanceand,possibly,talents,buthewillnotbeyou.Theclonewillbe,atbest,merelyyouridenticaltwin.Identicaltwinssharethesamegeneticpattern,buttheyeachhaveownindividualityandareseparatepersons.

Cloningisnotapathwaytoimmortality,then,becauseyourconsciousnessdoesnotsurviveinyourclone,anymorethanitwouldinyouridenticaltwinifyouhadone.

Infact,yourclonewouldbefarlessthanyouridenticaltwin.Whatshapesandformsapersonalityisnotgenesalone,butalltheenvironmenttowhichitisexposed.Identicaltwinsgrowupinidenticalsurroundings,inthesamefamily,andundereachother’sinfluence.Acloneofyourself,perhapsthirtyoffortyyearsyounger,wouldgrowupinadifferentworldaltogetherandwouldbeshapedbyinfluencesthatwouldbesuretomakehimlessandlesslikeyouashegrowsolder.

Hemayevenearnyourjealousy.Afterall,youareoldandheisyoung.Youmayoncehavebeenpoorandstruggledtobecomewell-to-do,buthewillbewell-to-dofromthestart.Themerefactthatyouwon’tbeabletoviewitasachild,butasanothercompetingandbetter-advantagedyou,mayaccentuatethejealousy.

No!Imaginethat,aftersomeinitialexperiments,thedemandforcloningwillbevirtuallynonexistent.

1.Thecentralthemeoftheessayis（）.

2.Theauthorassumesthatthereadersis（）.

3.Theauthorassumesthatthereaderthinks“immortality”（）.

4.Toholdthereader’sinterest,theauthor（）.

5.Theword“hordes”usedinthepassagemeans（）.

问题1选项

A.geneticengineersareexperimentingwithcloning

B.thecloningofhumancouldproduceaprivilegedclass

C.worriesaboutthedangersofhumancloningareill-founded

D.personalitytraitscannotbepassedonthoughcloning

问题2选项

A.afraidofanationofdictators

B.worriedabouttheabusesofcloning

C.eggertoputcloningtopracticaluse

D.readytobecloned

问题3选项

A.frightening

B.unavoidable

C.profitable

D.desirable

问题4选项

A.usedquotationsbyfamouspeople

B.asksfrequentquestionsofthereader

C.presentsmanyresearchstatistics

D.tellsmanyamusingstories

问题5选项

A.swarmsoffish

B.largegroupsofpeople

C.mountainranges

D.largefieldsofgrain

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:文章以geneticengineering开头，接着作者提到了克隆会带来的问题，但是在第5段提出克隆是一个可怕的想法，但是没有必要去恐惧（Adreadfulthought,butanunnecessaryfear）。选项C符合题意，“对克隆危险的担忧是没有依据的”。

第2题:文章第四段作者提出了两个问题：克隆对社会来说是安全的吗？（Butiscloningasafethingtounleashonsociety?）它会不会被用来做坏事？（Mightitnotbeusedfordestructivepurposes?）可以推出作者是假设读者担心这项技术会被乱用。选项B符合题意。

第3题:immortality出现在文章第九段cloningisnotapathwaytoimmortality，克隆并不是通往永生的途径，因为人的意识无法克隆，它至多存在于一个同卵双胞胎中，因此作者是假定读者认为永生是存在的。选项D符合题意。

第4题:文章多次用了提问的方式来引起读者的兴趣。选项B符合题意。

第5题:文章第四段第三句Forinstance,mightnotsomerulinggroupdecidetoclonetheirsubmissive,downtroddenpeasantry,andthusproduceendlesshordesofsemi-robots，提到了submissive,downtroddenpeasantry“顺从的、被奴役的农民”。那么hordes这个词应该是表达“很多人”的意思。选项B符合题意。

11.填空题

A:Isn’tthatyourcar?

B:No,it（1）.Mineis（2）redoneoverthere

【答案】1.isn’t

2.the

【解析】1.语法分析。此处是否定回答。

2.语法分析。句意:我的是红色那辆。此处为特指,所以用定冠词the。

12.单选题

Asregardstothedevelopmentofmoralstandardsinthegrowingchild,（）isveryimportantinparentalteaching.Toforbidathingonedayandexcuseitthenextisnofoundationformorality.

问题1选项

A.persistence

B.regularity

C.consistency

D.conformity

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。persistence持续，固执；regularity规则性，整齐；consistency一致性；conformity一致，符合。句意：关于成长中的孩子道德标准的发展，一致性在父母的教学中是非常重要的。今天禁止一件事，明天又原谅它，这不是道德的基础。强调一致的性质，所以选项C更恰当

13.单选题

EveryoneknowsthatEnglishdepartmentsareintrouble,butitisdifficulttoappreciatejusthowmuchtroubleuntilyoureadthereportfromtheModemLanguageAssociation(MLA).

ThereportisaboutPh.D.programs,whichhavebeenindeclinesince2008.Theseprogramshavegottenbothmoredifficultandlessrewarding:today,itcantakealmostadecadetogetadoctorate,and,attheendofyourprogram,you’reunlikelytofindatenure-trackposition.

Thecoreoftheproblemisthejobmarket.TheMLAreportestimatesthatonlysixtypercentofnewly-mintedPh.D.swillfindtenure-trackjobsaftergraduation.Ifanything,that’swildlyoptimistic:theMLAgottothatfigurebycomparingthenumberoftenure-trackjobsonitsjoblistwiththenumberofnewgraduates.Butthatleavesoutthethousandsofunemployedgraduatesfrompastyearswhoarestilljob-hunting.

Differentpeoplewilltellyoudifferentstoriesaboutwhereallthejobswent.Somecriticsthinkthatthehumanitieshavegottentooweird—thatundergrads,turnedoffbyanoverlytheoreticalapproach,don’twanttoparticipateanymore,andthatteachingopportunitieshavedisappearedasaresult.Otherspointtothecorporatizationofuniversities,whichareincreasinglyinclinedtohirepart-time,“adjunct”professors,ratherthanfull-time,tenure-trackprofessors,toteachundergrads.Adjunctsarecheaper；perhapsmoreimportantly,theyareeasiertohire.

Thesetrends,inturn,arepartofanevenlargerstoryhavingtodowiththeexpansionandtransformationofAmericaneducationaftertheSecondWorldWar.Essentially,collegesgrewlesseliteandmorevocational.Beforethewar,relativelyfewpeoplewenttocollege.Then,inthenineteen-fifties,theBabyBoompushedcollegestogrowrapidly,bulkinguponprofessorsandgraduateprograms.Whentheboomendedandenrollmentsdeclined,collegesfoundthemselvesoverextendedandcompetingforstudents.Bythemid-seventies,schoolswereseekingoutnewconstituencies—amongthem,womenandminorities—andcreatingnewprogramsdesignedtoattractabroaderrangeofstudents.

Thosereformsworked:abouttwiceasmanypeopleattendcollegepercapitanowastheydidfortyyearsago.Butallthatexpansionchangedcolleges.Inthepast,theyhadcateredtoelitestudentswhowerehappytomajorinthetraditionalliberalarts.Now,toattractmiddle-classstudents,collegeshavehadtooffermorecareer-focusedmajors,infieldslikebusiness.Asaresult,humanitiesdepartmentshavefoundthemselvesdriftingawayfromthecenteroftheuniversity.

1.Whatdoestheword“appreciate”meaninParagraph1?

2.WhathasmadePh.D.programsunpopular?

3.TheMLAreportabouttheemploymentrateistoooptimisticbecauseit（

）.

4.Universityjobopeningsarediminishingduetothefactthat

（

）.

5.AccordingtoParagraph5,theAmericaneducationalinstitutions（

）overthepastdecades

.

6.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhatcurrentliberalartsmajors（

）.

问题1选项

A.Enjoy.

B.Overlook.

C.Investigate.

D.Understand.

问题2选项

A.Theynolongersaveyourtime.

B.Theycannotguaranteeasecurejob.

C.Theyarecompetitiveandtime-consuming.

D.Theyarenotsubsidizedbythegovernment.

问题3选项

A.overestimatesthejobmarket

B.failstoaccountforformergraduates

C.doesnotincludeallkindsofjobs

D.excludesnewly-graduatedPh.D.s

问题4选项

A.thescaleofuniversitiesisshrinking

B.adjunctprofessorsarelikelytotakefull-timejobs

C.fewerundergraduateswanttomajorinhumanities

D.sometheoreticalapproacheshavebeenprovenwrong

问题5选项

A.haveresultedintenure-trackprofessors

B.haveattractedmoremaleandelitestudents

C.havebeenexpandingtooverseascountries

D.havebeguntoofferavarietyofvocationalprograms

问题6选项

A.aremoredesirablethaneverbefore

B.willcatertomiddle-classstudents

C.arelessappealingthanbusinessmajors

D.areascompetitiveasbusinessmajors

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:C

【解析】1.词汇推断题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文第一段第一句。根据“EveryoneknowsthatEnglishdepartmentsareintrouble,butitisdifficulttoappreciatejusthowmuchtroubleuntilyoureadthereportfromtheModemLanguageAssociation(MLA).（每个人都知道英语系有麻烦了，但是在你读到来自现代语言协会(MLA)的报告之前，你很难理解到底有多大的麻烦。）”句中appreciate与句中know为同义词，即“理解，明白”的意思。从而得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位在原文第二段第一句到第二句。根据“today,itcantakealmostadecadetogetadoctorate,and,attheendofyourprogram,you’reunlikelytofindatenure-trackposition.（如今，获得博士学位可能需要近十年的时间，而且，在你的课程结束时，你不太可能找到一个终身职位。）”从而得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“MLAreport”将信息点定位至原文第三段最后一句。根据“Butthatleavesoutthethousandsofunemployedgraduatesfrompastyearswhoarestilljob-hunting.（但这还不包括过去几年来仍在找工作的数千名失业毕业生。）”即可得出本题答案。

4.细节推断题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文第四段。根据“Somecriticsthinkthatthehumanitieshavegottentooweird”“overlytheoreticalapproach”“teachingopportunitieshavedisappeared”（一些批评家认为人文学科已经变得太奇怪了，“过于理论化的方法”，“教学机会已经消失了”）”,即可得出本题答案。

5.细节事实题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文第五段。根据“Essentially,collegesgrewlesseliteandmorevocational.（从本质上讲，大学变得不那么精英化，而是更加职业化。）”即可得出本题答案。

6.细节推断题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“collegeshavehadtooffermorecareer-focusedmajors,infieldslikebusiness（大学不得不提供更多以职业为导向的专业，比如商科）”“humanitiesdepartmentshavefoundthemselvesdriftingawayfromthecenteroftheuniversity（人文学系发现自己正在远离大学的中心）”即可得出本题答案。

14.翻译题

Doyouseetheglassashalffullratherthanhalfempty?Doyoukeepyoureyeuponthedoughnut,notuponthehollow?Suddenlytheseclichésarescientificquestions,asresearchersscrutinizethepowerofpositivethinking.

Afast-growingbodyofresearchisprovingthatoptimismcanhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful;pessimismleads,bycontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.“Ifyoucouldteachpeopletothinkmorepositively,”sayspsychologistCraig,“itwouldbelikeinoculatingthemagainstthesementalills.”

Yourabilitiescount,butthebeliefthatyoucansucceedaffectswhetherornotyouwill.Inpart,that’sbecauseoptimistsandpessimistsdealwiththesamechallengesanddisappointmentsinverydifferentways.

Take,forexample,yourjob.Inamajorstudy,psychologistSeligmanandhiscolleaguesurveyedsalesrepresentativesataLifeInsuranceCompany.Theyfoundthatthepositivethinkersamonglongtimerepresentativessold37percentmoreinsurancethandidthenegativethinkers.Ofnewlyhiredrepresentatives,optimistssold20percentmore.Howdidtheydoit?Thesecrettoanoptimist’ssuccessisinhis“explanatorystyle.”Whenthingsgowrong,thepessimisttendstoblamehimself,whiletheoptimistlooksforloopholes.Whenthingsgoright,theoptimisttakescreditwhilethepessimistseessuccessasafluke.

Negativeorpositive,itwasaself-fulfillingprophecy.“Ifpeoplefeelhopeless,theydon’tbothertoacquiretheskillstheyneedtosucceed,