考研考博-英语-山东外国语职业技术大学考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东外国语职业技术大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

AttemptstousesophisticatedIT-basedsystemstohelptosolvetheproblemoftenseemmerelyto________it.

问题1选项

A.aggravate

B.deviate

C.emphasize

D.simplify

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.aggravate加重，使恶化B.deviate偏离，违背

C.emphasize强调，着重D.simplify简化，使简易

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】本句主语为“试图（Attempts）使用基于信息技术的复杂系统”，使用这种系统的目的为“来帮助解决问题（solvetheproblem）”。空格处与下文的it构成动宾逻辑，it指代的是“problem（问题）”，表示这种尝试会对问题的解决造成什么结果。“merely（只是，只不过）”说明使用复杂系统并不能帮助解决问题，可进一步推断出反而会导致问题加重。aggravate指使糟糕或不愉快的情况恶化，因此A选项aggravate“加重，使恶化”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项deviate“偏离，违背”指以不同于通常或预期的方式做某事，题干说的是“使问题恶化”，而不是“偏离原来的做法”；

C选项emphasize“强调，着重”指表示某事特别重要或特别引人注目，不能和“解决问题（solvetheproblem）”相对应；

D选项simplify“简化，使简易”指使某事更容易做或简单易懂，与题干语义相矛盾，应该是“更严重”而不是“更简单”。

【句意】使用基于信息技术的复杂系统来帮助解决问题的尝试，往往似乎只会使问题恶化。

2.单选题

Thereisnotmuchtimeleft,soI’lltellyouaboutit______.

问题1选项

A.inparticular

B.inbrief

C.inshort

D.inall

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项inparticular“尤其，特别”，B项inbrief“简言之，简要地”，C项inshort“总之，简言之”，D项inall“总计，合计”。根据前面部分句子意思“时间不多了”可知，A、D选项排除；C选项一般用于句首作为总结性论述的开始；B选项是指对具体事物的简短说明。句意：剩下的时间不多了，所以我简要地告诉你这件事。因此，该题选择B项正确。

3.单选题

Takentogether,income,occupation,andeducationaregoodmeasuresofpeople'ssocialstanding.Usingalayeredmodelofstratification,mostsociologistsdescribetheclasssystemintheUnitedStatesasdividedintoseveralclasses:upper,uppermiddle,middle,lowermiddle,andlowerclass.Eachclassisdefinedbycharacteristicssuchasincome,occupationalprestige,andeducationalattainment.Thedifferentgroupsarearrayedalongacontinuumwiththosewiththemostmoney,education,andprestigeatthetopandthosewiththeleastatthebottom.

IntheUnitedStates,theupperclassownsthemajorshareofcorporateandpersonalwealth;itincludesthosewhohaveheldwealthforgenerationsaswellasthosewhohaverecentlybecomerich.Onlyaverysmallproportionofpeopleactuallyconstitutetheupperclass,buttheycontrolvastamountsofwealthandpowerintheUnitedStates.Theyexerciseenormouscontrolthroughoutsociety.Mostoftheirwealthisinherited.

Despitesocialmythstothecontrary,thebestpredictoroffuturewealthisthefamilyintowhichyouareborn.Eachyear,thebusinessmagazineForbespublishesalistofthe"Forbes400"—thefourhundredwealthiestfamiliesandindividualsinthecountry.OfallthewealthrepresentedontheForbes400list,morethanhalfisinherited.Thoseonthelistwhocouldbecalled"self-made"werenottypicallyofmodestorigins;mostinheritedsignificantassets(Forbes,1997;SklarandCollins,1997).Thoseintheupperclasswithnewlyacquiredwealthareknownasthenouveauriche.Althoughtheymayhavevastamountsofmoney,theyareoftennotacceptedinto"oldrich"circles.

Theuppermiddleclassincludesthosewithhighincomesandhighsocialprestige.Theytendtobewell-educatedprofessionalsorbusinessexecutives.Theirearningscanbequitehighindeed—successfulbusinessexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.Itisdifficulttoestimateexactlyhowmanypeoplefallintothisgroupbecauseofthedifficultyofdrawinglinesbetweentheupper,uppermiddle,andmiddleclass.Indeed,theuppermiddleclassisoftenthoughtofas"middleclass"becausetheirlifestylesetsthestandardtowhichmanyaspire,butthislifestyleissimplybeyondthemeansofamajorityofpeopleintheUnitedStates.

Themiddleclassishardtodefine;inpart,being"middleclass"ismorethanjusteconomicposition.ByfarthemajorityofAmericansidentitythemselvesasmiddleclasseventhoughtheyvarywidelyinlifestyleandinresourcesattheirdisposal.ButtheideathattheUnitedStatesisanopen-classsystemleadsmanytothinkthatthemajorityhaveamiddle-classlifestylebecause,ingeneral,peopletendnottowanttorecognizeclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.Thus,themiddleclassbecomestheubiquitousnormeventhoughmanywhocallthemselvesmiddleclasshaveatenuousholdonthisclassposition.

Inthehierarchyofsocialclass,thelowermiddleclassincludesworkersintheskilledtradesandlow-incomebureaucraticworkers,manyofwhommayactuallydefinethemselvesasmiddleclass.Examplesareblue-collarworkers(thoseinskilledtradeswhodomanuallabor)andmanyserviceworkers,suchassecretaries,hairdressers,waitresses,police,andfirefighters.Mediumtolowincome,education,andoccupationalprestigedefinethelowermiddleclassrelativetotheclassgroupsaboveit.Theterm"lower"inthisclassdesignationreferstotherelativepositionofthegroupinthestratificationsystem,butithasapejorativesoundtomanypeople,especiallytopeoplewhoaremembersofthisclass.

Thelowerclassiscomposedprimarilyofthedisplacedandpoor.Peopleinthisclasshavelittleformaleducationandareoftenunemployedorworkinginminimum-wagejobs.Fortypercentofthepoorwork;10percentworkyear-roundandfulltime—aproportionthathasgenerallyincreasedovertime.Recently,theconceptoftheunderclasshasbeenaddedtothelowerclass.Theunderclassincludesthosewhohavebeenleftbehindbycontemporaryeconomicdevelopments.Rejectedfromtheeconomicsystem,thoseintheunderclassmaybecomedependentonpublicassistanceorillegalactivities.

1.Whydoestheauthormentionthe"Forbes400"inParagraph3?

2.Theauthorstatesthatbusinessandprofessionalpeoplewitheducationaladvantagesaremostoftenmembersofthe（）

3.WhydomostpeopleidentifythemselvesasmiddleclassintheUnitedStates?

4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutpoorpeopleintheUnitedStates?

5.AccordingtoParagraph7,whyhastheunderclassemerged?

问题1选项

A.Toexplainthemeaningofthelistingthatappearseveryyear.

B.Tocastdoubtontheclaimthatfamilyincomepredictsindividualwealth.

C.Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulpeoplewhohavemodestfamilyconnections.

D.Tosupportthestatementthatmostwealthypeopleinherittheirmoney.

问题2选项

A.lowermiddleclass

B.uppermiddleclass

C.nouveauriche

D.upperclass

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveaboutthesamelifestyleaseveryoneelseinthecountry.

B.Theydon'treallyknowhowtodefinetheirstatusbecauseitisunclear.

C.TheyprefernottoadmitthatthereareclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.

D.Theyidentifythemselveswiththemajoritywhohavenormallifestyles.

问题4选项

A.Theyarenotabletofindentry-leveljobs.

B.Theyworkinjobsthatrequirelittleeducation.

C.Theyareserviceworkersandmanuallaborers.

D.Theydonottrytofindemployment.

问题5选项

A.Thenewtermwasnecessarybecausethelowerclassenjoyedahigherlifestylethanithadpreviously.

B.Theincreaseincrimehassupportedanewclassofpeoplewholivebyengaginginillegalactivities.

C.Changesintheeconomyhavecausedanentireclassofpeopletosurvivebywelfareorcrime.

D.Minimum-wagejobsnolongersupportaclassofpeopleatastandardlevelintheeconomicsystem.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第三段的第三句"OfallthewealthrepresentedontheForbes400list,morethanhalfisinherited."福布斯富人榜中，富人的财富大部分是继承而来的。所以选项D正确。

第2题:事实细节题。根据第四段的一二句“Theuppermiddleclassincludesthosewithhighincomesandhighsocialprestige.Theytendtobewell-educatedprofessionalsorbusinessexecutives.”上层中产阶级包括那些收入高、社会地位高的人。他们往往是受过良好教育的专业人士或企业高管。所以选项B正确。

第3题:事实细节题。根据第五段的倒数第二句“...peopletendnottowanttorecognizeclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.”人们不愿意承认在美国存在着阶级差别。选项C符合原文。

第4题:根据最后一段的一二句"Thelowerclassis...poor.Peopleinthisclasshavelittleformaleducationandareoftenunemployedorworkinginminimum-wagejobs."下层阶级主要由流浪者和穷人组成。这个阶层的人几乎没有受过正规教育，经常失业或从事最低工资的工作。由此可推断，下层阶级从事的工作不需要太高的受教育程度。选项B正确。

第5题:根据最后一段的最后一句“Rejectedfromtheeconomicsystem,thoseintheunderclassmaybecomedependentonpublicassistanceorillegalactivities.”被排斥在经济体系之外的下层阶级可能会依赖于公共援助或非法活动。句中的publicassistanceorillegalactivities与C选项中的bywelfareorcrime同义。所以选项C符合原文。

4.单选题

4.

问题1选项

A.Pizzaisherfavoritefood.

B.Pizzaishersecondchoice.

C.Shedislikestheman’sidea.

D.Shecouldn’tagreewiththemanmore.

【答案】D

【解析】M:I’vegotanidea.Let’sorderapizza.

W:Great.Isecondthatnotion.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】态度方向。男士提议定披萨，女士说：Great.Isecondthatnotion(好呀，我同意)。

5.单选题

Aseducationallevelsriseandinformationtechnologyaccelerates,thedistinctionbetween"managers"and"workers"will（

）andmanagementknowledgewillbeeveryone'sresponsibility.

问题1选项

A.fadeaway

B.passaway

C.slipaway

D.washaway

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。fadeaway意为“消失，衰弱”；passaway意为“（时间等）消磨掉”；slipaway意为“悄没声息地溜走”；washaway意为“冲走，清洗”。

句意：随着教育水平的提高和信息技术的加速，“管理者”与“员工”之间的区别将逐渐消失，管理知识将是每个人的责任。

6.单选题

AriellaRosengardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniadidn’tsetouttoscareanyone.Shejustwantedtoinvestigatealittle-understoodpartoftheimmunesystembystudyinghowviralproteinsinteractwithit.Atfirst,Rosengardworkedwithacommonviruscalledvaccinia.Butvacciniararelymakespeoplesick,andshebegantoworrythatitwouldn’ttellhermuchaboutthehumanimmunesystem.Sosheturnedtoacloselyrelated,farmorefearsomevirus:smallpox.

Smallpoxvirusisn’teasytocomeby.Officially,itresidesinonlytwoplaces—securelabsintheUnitedStatesandRussia.ButRosengarddidn’tneedthevirusitself.ScientistshavemadeitsgeneticcodefreelyavailableontheInternet,givingherthedatasheneededtosynthesizeakeysmallpoxproteininthelab.Test-tubestudiesshowedthatitworksfarbetterthanthecorrespondingvacciniaproteinatblockingakeystepinthehumanimmuneresponse.Thediscoverymayhelpexplainwhysmallpoxkills,anditcouldleadtonewtreatments.

ButwhenRosengardpublishedherreportlastmonthintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,aslightlydefensivecommentaryappearedwithit.Thearticlesaiditwouldbeunlikelytousetheworkasablueprintformakingvacciniamorelikesmallpox.Itacknowledged,however,that“theideathatbioterroristsmightbetemptedtoattemptsuchanexperimenthasbeensuggestedasareasonforconsideringitunwisetopublishobservationsofthisnature.”

Rosengardrejectstheideathatbasicsciencelikehersshouldbeputunderwraps.“Thinkhowmanybrilliantmindswouldnotbeabletoparticipateinfindingacure,”shesays.“Youcan’tpredictthemindofamadman.Thebestdefenseagainstanyvirusisunderstandinghowitfunctions.”

Mostbiologistswouldagree.Butthesedays,theyfindthemselvesgrapplingwithadilemma,astheirtraditionofopennessclasheswiththefearthatwell-intentionedresearchcouldbemisusedtodevelopbioweapons.Asmuchasscientistsfearaidingtheirenemies,theygetunnervedwhengovernmentofficialstalkaboutrestrictingtheirfreedomtopublish.Onething’sforsure—theproblemwon’tjustgoaway.Thegovernmenthasproposedadramaticincreaseinfundingforbasicresearchonpotentialbiowarfareagents.Thismeansthatmanymorescientistswillstudydeadlygerms,andthey’llinevitablywanttopublishwhattheyfind.

1.WhydidAriellaRosengarddecidetostudysmallpox?

2.Howdidsheobtainthesmallpoxprotein?

3.Smallpoxis

deadlyprobablybecause（

）.

4.AccordingtothecommentarymentionedinParagraph3,Rosengard’sreport

（

）.

5.Rosengardthinksthatbasicscience

（

）.

6.Accordingtothefinalparagraph,biologistsareworriedabout（

）.

问题1选项

A.Becausesmallpoxisbecomingmoreimportantandcomplicated.

B.Becausesmallpoxismorefamiliartoscientiststoday.

C.Becausethesmallpoxviruscanbeobtainedmoreeasily.

D.Becausesmallpoxcanrevealmoreabouttheimmunesystem.

问题2选项

A.Shemadeitfrominformationavailableonline.

B.Shereliedonsecurelabsforasample.

C.Shedevelopeditbyusingvacciniavirus.

D.Shereceivedhelpfromgovernment.

问题3选项

A.itkillsvacciniainthehumanimmunesystem

B.itstopsthereactionofthehumanimmunesystem

C.itcausesthehumanimmunesystemtoattackproteins

D.itreproducesquicklyinthehumanimmunesystem

问题4选项

A.wouldbecriticized

B.wouldhelpcontrolsmallpox

C.wouldmisleadresearchers

D.wouldleadtomorepublicationsaboutsmallpox

问题5选项

A.shouldhavealong-termperspective

B.shouldreceivemorefinancialsupport

C.shouldfocusonacademicresearch

D.shoulddevelopinanopenmanner

问题6选项

A.alossofmotivationamongresearchers

B.fundingfromthegovernment

C.theirfreedomtopublish

D.theprospectsoftheirresearch

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:C

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“…shebegantoworrythatitwouldn’ttellhermuchaboutthehumanimmunesystem.Sosheturnedtoacloselyrelated,farmorefearsomevirus:smallpox.（她开始担心这并不能告诉她很多关于人类免疫系统的信息。因此，她转向了一种与之密切相关、可怕得多的病毒:天花。）”即可得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“smallpoxprotein”,可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“ScientistshavemadeitsgeneticcodefreelyavailableontheInternet,givingherthedatasheneededtosynthesizeakeysmallpoxproteininthelab.（科学家们在互联网上免费提供了它的遗传密码，为她提供了在实验室合成一种关键天花蛋白所需的数据。）”即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“deadly”，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“itworksfarbetterthanthecorrespondingvacciniaproteinatblockingakeystepinthehumanimmuneresponse（它比相应的牛痘蛋白在阻断人体免疫反应中的一个关键步骤方面效果要好得多）”即可得出本题答案。

4.细节推断题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文第三段。根据“aslightlydefensivecommentaryappearedwithit（与此同时出现了一篇略带辩护意味的评论）”“unlikely（不太可能的）”“unwise（不明智的）”即可得出本题答案。

5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“Rosengard”,可将信息点定位至原文第四段第一句。根据“Rosengardrejectstheideathatbasicsciencelikehersshouldbeputunderwraps.（罗辛格反对像她这样的基础科学应该保密的观点。）”,即可得出本题答案。

6.细节事实题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“theygetunnervedwhengovernmentofficialstalkaboutrestrictingtheirfreedomtopublish（当政府官员谈论限制他们的出版自由时，他们会感到不安）”即可得出本题答案。

7.单选题

Venice（）asthemajorseapoweroftheMediterraneanduringtheMiddleAges,whichwasevenmentionedbysomewriters,suchasShakespeare,Marlowe,etc.

问题1选项

A.prevailed

B.reigned

C.presided

D.restrained

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A:prevail“流行”；B:reign“统治”；C:preside“主持，管理”；D:restrain“控制”。句意：中世纪时，威尼斯以地中海的主要海上力量而称雄，这一点很多作家，例如莎士比亚、马洛都提到过。根据句意可知，B为正确答案。

8.填空题

Allpopulationscontainsome________intraits.Inhumans,forexample,somepeoplearetall,someareshort,andsomeareofmediumheight.(vary)

【答案】variation

【解析】【考查点】名词。

【解题思路】根据关键词some，可知横线处为名词。根据关键词forexample，可知两个句子是例证关系，指的是同一个族群有不同特点，variation的意思为“变异的东西，变种”，符合语境。

【句意】所有族群在性状上都有一些变异。以人类为例，有些人高，有些人矮，有些人中等身高。

9.单选题

Theeditor-in-chiefbegs（

）tomorrow’smeeting.

问题1选项

A.tobeexcusedtoattend

B.tobeexcusedtoattending

C.toexcusetoattend

D.toexcusefromattending

【答案】A

【解析】为了参加明天的会议，主编请求准予离开。固定搭配题。excusesb.fromsth.为固定用法，表示“同意某人不做；免除某人”，根据句意‘是同意…’，所以排除因此排除C项和D项。“toattendtomorrow’smeeting”为不定式短语作目的状语，因此答案选A。

10.单选题

Icertainlydidn’tintendto______yourplans.

问题1选项

A.upset

B.shake

C.shave

D.drag

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项upset“打乱；打翻”；B选项shake“摇动，抖动”；C选项shave“剃毛”；D选项drag“（使劲而吃力地）拖”。句意：我当然不想______你的计划。根据语境，这里指的是不想妨碍计划，A选项upset“打乱”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

11.填空题

Shesenthima（wool）（）sweaterashisbirthdaygift.

【答案】woolen

【解析】放在名词前，应该用形容词。 

12.填空题

Directions:Ineachofthefollowingsentences,thereisonepartthatisgrammaticallyincorrect.Markouttheerroneouspartandthenputthecorrectforminthebracketsfollowingthesentence.

36.Basingontheresearchoftheforeignlanguage,thispaperconcludesthewaystolearnEnglishwell.（）

37.Nations,sensingathreatoftheireconomies,triedtotakeactionstoprotectthemselves.（）

38.Thefundwasdesignedtoencouragingthegrowthofinternationaltradebystabilizingcurrencies.（）

39.Howmanylifeinsurancedoestheaveragepersonbuy?（）

40.SportsinAmericatakeavariousofforms:organizedcompetitivestruggles,athleticgamesandhuntingandfishing.（）

【答案】36.basing→based

37.economies→economy

38.encouraging→encourage

39.many→much

40.various→variety

【解析】36.非谓语动词应该和句子的主语保持一定的逻辑关系，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，发出base这个动作的施动者是人，所以应该使用过去分词-ed形式。

37.这里的主语是nations“国家”，所以economy在这里是“经济体制，经济状况”的意思，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。

38.to在作介词时，没有表目的的意义，这里的to是与后面的动词原形组合在一起组成不定式，所以encouraging应该用动词原形encourage。

39.lifeinsurance“人寿保险”这个名词是不可数名词，所以不能用howmany修饰，应该把many改为much。

40.various是形容词，可以直接修饰名词，而of前面的词一般都是名词，所以这里应该用variety。

13.单选题

Therewereintervalswhenthesunbrokethroughtheclouds,becausetheshowerswereintermittent.

问题1选项

A.slight

B.periodic

C.enduring

D.temporary

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.slight轻微的，少量的B.periodic间发性的，周期性的

C.enduring持久的，能忍受的D.temporary暂时的，临时的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前半句句意“太阳偶尔会冲破云层”，可以推测划线单词intermittent应该表示“间歇性的，断断续续的”；B选项词义与划线单词最为接近，故本题正确答案为B选项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】因为阵雨是断断续续的，所以太阳偶尔会冲破云层。

14.填空题

Tasteissuchasubjectivematterthatwedon’tusuallyconductpreferencetestsforfood.Butbecausethetwobigcolacompanies—Coca-ColaandPepsiColaaremarketedsoaggressively,we’vewonderedhowbigaroletastepreference

A

B

C

actuallyplaysforbrandloyalty.

D

【答案】Dfor改为in

【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】playaroleinsth.为固定搭配，其意思为“在……中起作用”，howbigarole到句尾的部分还原成一般陈述语序为tastepreferenceactuallyplaysabigroleinbrandloyalty，所以D部分应为in。

【句意】因为口味是主观问题，所以一般不会对食物进行偏好测试。但由于两大可乐公司——可口可乐和百事可乐的营销非常激进，我们想知道口味偏好在品牌忠诚度中到底起到了多大作用。

15.单选题

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything_____goingonintheworld.

问题1选项

A.itis

B.thereis

C.asis

D.whatis

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知everything为定语从句的先行词，everything后面所接部分是修饰everything的定语从句；thereis结构作“目前有的”解时，可引导限定性定语从句，置于被修饰的名词后面，作该从句主语的关系代词that常常省略。

16.单选题

TheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe“allthingstoallpeople”.Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.Thecurrentcrisis,itcontends,doesnotderivefromalegitimatedesiretoputlearningtoproductiveends.Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.Studentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.Inshort,drivenbycareerism,“thenation’scollegesanduniversitiesaremoresuccessfulinprovidingcredentials（文凭）thaninprovidingaqualityeducationfortheirstudents.“Thereportconcludesthatthespecialchallengeconfrontingtheundergraduatecollegeisoneofshapinganintegratedcoreofcommonlearning.Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.’’

Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.Asoneprofessorobserved:“Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”Notsurprisingly,overthelasttwentyyearscollegesanduniversitieshavefailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidates.Facultymemberswhodedicatedthemselvestoteachingsoondiscoverthattheywillnotbegrantedtenure（终身任期），promotion,orsubstantialsalaryincreases.Yet70percentofallfacultiessaytheirinterestsliemoreinteachingthaninresearch.Additionally,afrequentcomplaintamongyoungscholarsisthat“Thereispressuretopublish,althoughthereisvirtuallynointerestamongadministratorsorcolleaguesinthecontentofthepublications.”

1.Whenacollegetriestobe“allthingstoallpeople”（Line1，Para.1）itaimsto_______.

2.Bysayingthat“intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”（Lines4-5,Pare.1）theauthormeansthattheteachingintheseareas_______.

3.OneofthereasonsforthecurrentcrisisinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesisthat______.

4.Americancollegesanduniversitiesfailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidatesbecause____.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathigh-qualitycollegeeducationcallsfor______.

问题1选项

A.satisfytheneedsofallkindsofstudentssimultaneously

B.focusontrainingstudentsinvariousskills

C.encouragestudentstotakeasmanycoursesaspossible

D.makelearningserveacademicratherthanproductiveends

问题2选项

A.ignorestheactualsituation

B.isnotbasedontherightperspective

C.onlyfocusesonanintegratedcoreofcommonlearning

D.givesprioritytothecultivationofaglobalvisionamongstudents

问题3选项

A.anarrowvocationalismhascometodominatemanycolleges

B.studentsdon’thaveenoughfreedominchoosingwhattheywanttolearn

C.skillsarebeingtaughtasameanstoanend

D.studentsareonlyinterestedinobtainingcredentials

问题4选项

A.mostofthemlackhigh-qualityfaculties

B.theinterestsofmostfacultymemberslieinresearch

C.therearenotenoughincentivesforstudentstostudyhard

D.theyattachgreaterimportancetoresearchandpublicationthantoteaching

问题5选项

A.puttingacademicworkinthepropercontext

B.acommitmenttostudentsandeffectiveteaching

C.thepracticeofputtinglearningtoproductiveends

D.dedicationtoresearchinfrontierareasofknowledge

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理题。根据文章第一段第四句，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”,可知问题是给学生们提供了太多的学术领域，也就是太多的专业课程可以选择。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.”，这种教育涉及了很多专业领域，但是没有内容，技能没有变成方法，而是成为一种目的，所以这种教育的角度是错误的。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“…theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.”，可知美国大学当前面临危机的原因是越来越迎合狭隘的事业心，没有培养学生的全球视野。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“…yetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”，可知他们认为研究和出版是最重要的事。选项D符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章第一段，“…Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.”，可知教学生们基本知识，产生跨学科联系，并且将知识应用于学校之外的生活是他们承诺努力的方面。根据第二段第一句，“Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.”，可知高素质的教师和好的教学也是他们关注的方面。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlife（

）

forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearthtoallowanimalstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem.

问题1选项

A.conservation

B.maintenance

C.storage

D.reserve

【答案】D

【解析】固定用法。wildlifereserve指野生动物保护区。所以选项D正确。

18.单选题

In1896aGeorgiacouplesuingfordamagesintheaccidentaldeathoftheirtwo-year-oldwastoldthatsincethechildhadmadenorealeconomiccontributiontothefamily,therewasnoliabilityfordamages.Incontrast,lessthanacenturylater,in1979,theparentsofathree-year-oldsuedinNewYorkforaccidental-deathdamagesandwonanawardof$750,000.

ThetransformationinsocialvaluesimplicitinjuxtaposingthesetwoincidentsisthesubjectofVivianaZelizer’sexcellentbook,PricingthePricelessChild.Duringthenineteenthcentury,sheargues,theconceptofthe“useful”childwhocontributedtothefamilyeconomygavewaygraduallytothepresent-daynotionofthe“useless”childwho,thoughproducingnoincomefor,andindeedextremelycostlyto,itsparents,isyetconsideredemotionally“priceless”.Wellestablishedamongsegmentsofthemiddleandupperclassesbythemid-1800’s.Thisnewviewofchildhoodspreadthroughoutsocietyinthelate-nineteenthandearly-twentiethcenturiesasreformersintroducedchild-laborregulationsandcompulsoryeducationlawspredicatedinpartontheassumptionthatachild’semotionalvaluemadechildlabortaboo.

ForZelizertheoriginsofthistransformationweremanyandcomplex.Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.Yet“expulsionofchildrenfromthe‘cashnexus’,althoughclearlyshapedbyprofoundchangesintheeconomic,occupational,andfamilystructures,”Zelizermaintains,“wasalsopartofaculturalprocessof‘sacralization’ofchildren’slives.”Protectingchildrenfromthecrassbusinessworldbecameenormouslyimportantforlate-nineteenth-centurymiddle-classAmericans,shesuggests；thissacralizationwasawayofresistingwhattheyperceivedastherelentlesscorruptionofhumanvaluesbythemarketplace.

Instressingtheculturaldeterminantsofachild’sworth,Zelizertakesissuewithpractitionersofthenew“sociologicaleconomics”，whohaveanalyzedsuchtraditionallysociologicaltopicsascrime,marriage,education,andhealthsolelyintermsoftheireconomicdeterminants.Allowingonlyasmallroleforculturalforcesintheformofindividual“preferences”，thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain.Zelizerishighlycriticalofthisapproach,andemphasizesinsteadtheoppositephenomenon:thepowerofsocialvaluestotransformprice.Aschildrenbecamemorevaluableinemotionalterms,sheargues,theirexchange”or“surrender”valueonthemarket,thatis,theconversionoftheirintangibleworthintocashterms,becamemuchgreater.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataccidental-deathdamageawardsinAmericaduringthenineteenthcenturytendedtobebasedprincipallyonthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheearly1800schildrenweregenerallyregardedbytheirfamiliesasindividualswho（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingalternativeexplanationsofthechangeinthecashvalueofchildrenwouldbemostlikelytobeputforwardbysociologicaleconomistsastheyaredescribedinthepassage?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

5.Zelizerreferstoallofthefollowingasimportantinfluencesinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworthexceptchangesin（）.

问题1选项

A.ear