考研考博-英语-四川师范大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川师范大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Nosoonerhadtheautomobilemechanicenteredtheroomthanhebegantotakeoffhis（）coveralls.

问题1选项

A.tedious

B.hollow

C.greasy

D.salutary

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。tedious沉闷的；hollow空的、虚伪的；greasy油腻的；salutary有益的。句意：汽车修理工一进入房间就开始脱下他油腻的工作服。根据常识可知选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

PresidentBushwarnedCongressonWednesdaythatinactiononhispushto_______SocialSecuritycouldbreedpoliticalrepercussions.

问题1选项

A.accustom

B.formulate

C.overhaul

D.dismantle

【答案】C

【解析】accustom使习惯于；formulate用公式表示，明确地表达；overhaul检查，革新；dismantle拆除，取消。句意：布什总统于星期三对国会发出警告，如果不支持他推动社会保险的全面改革可能会产生政治影响。选项C符合句意。

3.单选题

Doyouhaveany（

）aboutwhatlivingbeingsonotherplanetswouldbelike?

问题1选项

A.ideal

B.comprehension

C.notion

D.intelligence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。ideal“理想”；comprehension“理解力”；notion“观念，意见”；intelligence“智力”。句意：你能想象出其它星球上的生物是什么样的吗？选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Tom,diditever（

）toyouthatyouwouldbepunishedforcheatingonexams?

问题1选项

A.happen

B.occur

C.reflect

D.strike

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。happen“发生,碰巧”；occur“发生，出现”；reflect“反应”；strike“撞击；罢工”。句意：汤姆，你是否曾想过会因为考试作弊受到处罚呢？occurto“想起，突然想起”。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Lastyearaboothforsimultaneousinterpretationwasfinallysetup（

）governmentaid.

问题1选项

A.inaidof

B.byvirtueof

C.inlightof

D.inrespectof

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查介词词组辨析。A选项inaidof“为了帮助”；B选项byvirtueof“凭借，由于，因为”；C选项inlightof“根据；鉴于”；D选项inrespectof“关于，涉及”。governmentaid在句中做状语，根据上下文可知byvirtueof“凭借，由于，因为”符合题意，句意为：去年，在政府的援助下，终于建立了一个同声传译的展位。故答案选B。

6.单选题

Paperclips,drawingpinsandsafetypins,were（

）alloverthefloor.

问题1选项

A.scattered

B.littered

C.sprayed

D.separated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:回形针，图钉和安金扣针全都散落在地板上。

考查动词辨析。四个选型都是对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。Scatter使分散;litter把……弄得乱七八糟;spray喷洒;separate使分离。因此A符合句意。

7.翻译题

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

据财富、种族、教育、地域的不同，计算机的拥有程度和互联网的接入规模有很大差别。数据表明，计算机的拥有程度和互联网的接入规模在最富裕的、教育良好的，即拥有高中和大学文凭的富裕的白人和那些稳定的双亲家庭中增长更迅速。最高收入阶层的家庭，即年收入高于75000美元的家庭访问互联网的可能性是那些低收入阶层，即年收入低于10000美元的家庭的20倍。高收入家庭使用计算机的比例高达76.56%，但与之相比，低收入家庭只有8%。

【答案】Accordingtothedifferencesinwealth,race,educationandregion,greatdistancehasexistedintheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccess.ThestatisticsshowthattheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccesshaveincreasedrapidlyinthemostaffluentandwell-educatedwhitepeoplewhousuallyownshigh-schoolanduniversitydiplomaandstabletwo-parentfamilies.ThepossibilityofusingInternetinthefamilieswiththehighestincome,morethan75,000dollars,istwentytimesasmuchasthatinthefamilieswithlowincome,lessthan10,000dollars.Therateofusingcomputerinhighincomefamilieshasreached76.56%,whiletherateinlowincomefamilieshasonly8%.

8.单选题

Thesenaturalresourceswillbedepletedsoonerorlaterifthepresentrateofexploitationgoeson.

问题1选项

A.minimized

B.deployed

C.inclined

D.mingled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项minimized“使减到最少；小看，极度轻视；最小化”；B选项deployed“配置；展开；使疏开；部署”；C选项inclined“使……倾向”；D选项mingled“（使）相混，融合；掺和；（在社交场合）相交往，应酬”。句意：如果按目前的开采速度继续下去，这些自然资源迟早会枯竭。本句关键词bedepleted表示“被耗尽”，beminimized可以做同义替换，表示被最小化，被减到最少；因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletely（

）.

问题1选项

A.irresistible

B.irretrievable

C.irremissible

D.irreplaceable

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据句意‘比赛只剩下五分钟了但我们落后四分，所以这场比赛看上去已完全无法挽救了。’可知因为比分悬殊，所以这场比赛的胜利己经无法改变了。A选项irresistible“不可抵抗的”;irretrievable“不能弥补的”；C选项irremissible“无法逃避的”；D选项irreplaceable“不可替代的”。B选项正确。

10.单选题

Theoldpapermillhasbeen（）tomakewayforanewshoppingcenter.

问题1选项

A.helddown

B.keptdown

C.cutdown

D.turndown

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项helddown“抑制”；B选项keptdown“控制”；C选项cutdown“削减”；D选项turndown“推倒”。句意：旧造纸厂已被拆除，以便腾出地方建一个新的购物中心。本句表示拆除旧造纸厂，因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

FlanneryO’Connorwasnotas（）assomewriterswhoturnoutreamsofmaterials,butherstoriesareconsideredgemsthatliveonafterherearlyandtragicdeath.

问题1选项

A.potential

B.prolific

C.vitriolic

D.vicarious

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。potential“有潜力的”；prolific“多产的”；vitriolic“硫酸的，刻薄的”；vicarious“替代的，代理的”。句意：FlanneryOConnor不像一些创作大量作品的作家那样多产。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Nowscientistscannotrealize（）soonthatexistingscientificknowledgeisnotnearlysocomplete,certainandunalterableasmanytextbooksseemtoimply.

问题1选项

A.so

B.very

C.too

D.as

【答案】C

【解析】cannot...too...“无论怎样……也不过分”“越……越好”。本句意为：“现有的科学知识并不像课本中所说的那么完善、肯定、不可改变，对于这一点科学家认识得越早越好。”其他选项均无此搭配。

13.单选题

Cananovelistremain______totheproblemsoftheworldinwhichhelives?

问题1选项

A.impartial

B.indifferent

C.careless

D.detached

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项impartial“公正的，没有偏见的”，B项indifferent“冷漠的，漠不关心的”，C项careless“粗心的，无忧无虑的”，D项detached“分离的，分开的”。根据关键词novelist“小说家”和theproblemsoftheworldinwhichhelives“自己所生活的世界的问题”可知，A项符合语境。句意：小说家能对他所处世界上的问题不偏不倚吗？因此，该题选择A项正确。

14.填空题

We’re（1）alotoftrouble（2）ournewTVset.Weonly（3）itlastmonth,butwealreadyneedtocallarepairmantofixit.I（4）thatthesetisasgoodasweweretolditwasinthestore.Mywife（5）menottotrustthatsalesman!

【答案】1.having

2.with

3.bought

4.doubt

5.told

【解析】1.固定搭配。Havetroublewith在某方面有麻烦/困难

2.固定搭配。

3.语义题。句意:我们上个月才买的。

4.语义题。doubt怀疑。

5.语义题。Tell告诉。Told在这里暗含“警告”之意。

15.单选题

Hopingthathemightbeableto（

）theproblem,IaskedManiotolookattheengine.

问题1选项

A.shedlighton

B.makelightof

C.bringlightto

D.setlightto

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。shedlighton意为“阐明，解释”；makelightof意为“对……不在乎，轻视”；bringlightto意为“为……带来光明”；setlightto意为“点燃，点着”。

句意：我让马里奥看一下引擎，希望他能弄清楚这个问题。

16.单选题

Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”.Yethistoricallythiswidespreadfaithintheeconomicvirtuesofscienceisarelativelyrecentphenomenon,datingbackintheUnitedStatesabout150years,andintheWesternworldasawholenotover300yearsatmost.Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.UntilthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution,scienceandtechnologyevolvedforthemostpartindependentlyofeachother.Thenasindustrializationbecameincreasinglycomplicated,thecrafttechniquesofpreindustrialsocietygraduallygavewaytoatechnologybasedonthesystematicapplicationofscientificknowledgeandscientificmethods.Thischangeoverstartedslowlyandprogressedunevenly.Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870，buteventhenmuchofwhatpassedfortheapplicationofsciencewas“engineeringscience”ratherthanbasicscience.Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.Thewidespreadandusuallyuncriticalacceptanceofthisthesisledinturntotheassumptionthattheapplicationofsciencetoindustrialpurposeswasalinearprocess,startingwithfundamentalscience,thenproceedingtoappliedscienceortechnology,andthroughthemtoindustrialuse.Thisisprobablythemostcommonpattern,butitisnotinvariable.Newareasofsciencehavebeenopenedupandfundamentaldiscoveriesmadeasaresultofattemptstosolveaspecifictechnicaloreconomicproblem.Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.

1.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.The“list”mentionedinline13refersto（）.

3.Theunderstandingofresearchanddevelopmentinthelatenineteenthcentury-isbasedonwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whydoestheauthormention“consultants”inline26?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

问题1选项

A.Tocorrectmisunderstandingsabouttheconnectionsbetweenscience,technology,andindustry

B.Todescribethescientificbaseofnineteenth-centuryAmericanindustries

C.Toshowhowtechnologyinfluencedbasicscience

D.Toarguethatbasicsciencehasnopracticalapplication

问题2选项

A.typesofscientificknowledge

B.changesbroughtbytechnology

C.industriesthatusedscientifictechniques

D.applicationsofengineeringscience

问题3选项

A.Engineeringscienceisnotveryimportant.

B.Industrialneedsshoulddeterminewhatareasfundamentalsciencefocuseson.

C.Therelationshipbetweenresearchanddevelopmentshouldbecriticized.

D.Fundamentalsciencenaturallyleadstoeconomicbenefits.

问题4选项

A.Toshowhownewareasofsciencehavegivenrisetonewprofessions

B.Todistinguishbetweenscientistswhoworkinindustryandthosewhodonot

C.Toshowhowscientistswhoworkinbasicresearchcontributetoappliedscience

D.Toexplainthewaysinwhichscientistsfindfinancialsupportfortheirwork

问题5选项

A.Thedevelopmentofscienceandofindustryisnowinterdependent.

B.Basicscientificresearchcannotgeneratepracticalapplications.

C.Industriesshouldspendlessmoneyonresearchanddevelopment.

D.Scienceandtechnologyarebecomingmoreseparate.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.作者意图题。由文章开头“Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”…Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.科学、技术和工业之间的相互关系在今天被认为是理所当然的——不能完全准确地概括为“研究和开发”……即使在当今这个大规模、密集的研究和开发的时代，这个过程中所涉及的相互关系也常常被误解。”以及本文最后一句“Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.总之，科技-工业关系可能以几种不同的方式流动，它所遵循的特定渠道取决于个人情况。它有时甚至是多向的。”可知作者开头即点明人们对科学，技术，工业的相互关系的误解，最后一句也点明这三者之间正变得越来越疏远。作者的意图在于澄清人们对这三者之间的误解。故A项正确。

2.词义题。由题干定位到“Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870…直到19世纪后期，只有少数几个行业能够使用科学技术或关心使用它们。1870年后，这一名单显著扩大”由此可知list是指代上文提到的“使用科学技术的行业”。故C项正确。

3.细节试题题。由题干定位到“Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.尽管如此，到19世纪中叶，科学知识和公众意识（如果不是理解的话）的迅速扩展使人们相信，科学的进步将以某种未指明的方式自动地产生经济效益。由此可知人们相信科学进步能够带来经济效益。故D项正确。

4.判断推理题。由题干定位到“Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.相反地，主要从事基础研究的科学家也担任顾问，从事以实际方式应用研究的项目。”从事基础研究的科学家也兼顾应用研究，可知作者想表明科学家对应用研究的贡献。故C项正确。

5.判断推理题。由本文最后一句“Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.总之，科学-技术-工业关系可能以几种不同的方式流动，它所遵循的特定渠道取决于个人情况。它有时甚至是多向的。”可知D项“科学和技术正变得越来越分离开”与该内容相符。故D项正确。A项与此内容不符。B项“基本科学研究不能产生实际应用”文中没提到；C项“工业应该在研究和发展上少花点钱”文中也没提到。

17.单选题

Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilitytospurfurtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.

问题1选项

A.renovate

B.advocate

C.arouse

D.stimulate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。spur意为“鞭策，激励，刺激”；renovate意为“翻新，修复，整修”；advocate意为“提倡”；arouse意为“引起”；stimulate意为“促进，激励，刺激”。

句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它能够激励对某一特定主题的进一步研究和思考。

18.单选题

WheneverTomcomesacrossaseriousproblem,helikesto（）it,namely,tothinkitaboutcarefullyandforalongtime.

问题1选项

A.contend

B.contempt

C.contemplate

D.content

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contend“主张”；contempt“轻视，蔑视，耻辱”，名词；contemplate“沉思，注视”；content“使满足”。根据thinkitaboutcarefullyandforalongtime（仔细并长时间地思考它）可知“沉思”符合，因此选项C符合题意。

19.单选题

Whenyoutakeapicture,youshould______carefullytogetasharppicture.

问题1选项

A.preserve

B.fix

C.focus

D.object

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preserve“保存；维持”；B选项fix“维修；安排”；C选项focus“（使）调节焦距；聚焦（于）”；D选项object“反对”。句意：当你拍照时，应该仔细______，才能拍出清晰的照片。根据语境，这里指的是在拍照时要调整焦距，C选项focus“（使）调节焦距”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

20.单选题

Yourattitudeshouldbethatofanemployeewho’stheretotalkaboutanewproject,ratherthanthemoreobsequiousattitudeofacandidatewho’shopingtogetanoffer.

问题1选项

A.aggressive

B.servile

C.humble

D.confident

【答案】B

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的，有进取心的，有闯劲的”；B选项servile“奴隶的，奴性的，卑屈的”；C选项humble“谦逊的，简陋的，（级别或地位）低下的，不大的”；D选项confident“自信的，确信的”。句意：你的态度应该是作为一名正在谈论新项目的员工，而不是一名希望得到工作机会的求职者的奉承态度。Obsequious“谄媚的，奉承的，顺从的”，B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。

21.单选题

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents’wishes.

问题1选项

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。alterto表示“更改，改变”；A项enhance“增强”，B项revise“修正，校订”，C项alternate“交替的，轮流的”，D项modify“修改，修饰”。句意：人们担心婴儿的基因会被改变以满足父母的愿望。根据句意可知，选择D项正确。

22.单选题

ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th_______thebirthofJesusChrist.

问题1选项

A.inaccordancewith

B.intermsof

C.infavorof

D.inhonorof

【答案】D

【解析】inaccordancewith根据;intermsof就...而言,关于;infavorof支持,赞同;inhonorof为庆祝,向...致敬。句意：圣诞节是基督教的一个神圣的日子,通常在12月25日庆祝耶稣基督的诞生。选项D符合句意。

23.单选题

Inthecapaciousareasoftherailwayterminal,thousandsoftouristslingeredwhilewaitingfortheirtrain.

问题1选项

A.spacious

B.energetic

C.beautiful

D.capable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项spacious“广阔的”；B选项energetic“精力充沛的”；C选项beautiful“美丽的”；D选项capable“有能力的”。句意：在铁路终点站广阔的区域里，成千上万的游客徘徊着等待他们的火车。划线部分capacious是广阔的意思。因此A选项正确。

24.单选题

问题1选项

A.Japan.t

B.France.t

C.TheUK.t

D.SouthKorea.

问题2选项

A.Lowobesityrates.

B.Inadequatehealthresources.

C.Advancedmedicaltechnology.

D.Highlevelsofalcoholconsumption.

问题3选项

A.Obesityratesindifferentcountries.

B.Dietarypatternsindifferentcountries.

C.Lifeexpectancyindifferentcountries.

D.Alcoholconsumptionindifferentcountries.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

【解析】第1题:男性说到“Anewanalysisfoundthatbytheyear2030,theSouthKoreawillbetheleaderwithanaveragelifeexpectancyof90years”，说明韩国人的预期寿命会在2030年领先。

第2题:最后一句说到“ButintheUK,therehasbeenalotmoredrinking”，说明在英国，喝酒的现象很多，因此D选项“大量饮酒”正确。

第3题:对话以一个问句“whichcountrydoyouthinkhasthecurrenthighestlifeexpectancy（你认为哪个国家的预期寿命最高）”开头，再讲到了日本、韩国、英国及法国的一些情况，说明本段对话讲的主题就是各个国家的预期寿命情况，C选项正确。

25.单选题

Whenweworryaboutwhomightbespyingonourprivatelives,weusuallythinkabouttheFederalagents.Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.It’sLindaTripp,nottheFBI,whoisfacingchargesunderMaryland’slawsagainstsecrettelephonetaping.It’sourbanks,nottheInternalRevenueService(IRS),thatpassourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.

ConsumeractivistsarepressingCongressforbetterprivacylawswithoutmuchresultsofar.Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.

Asanexampleofwhat’sgoingon,considerU.S.Bancorp,whichwasrecentlysuedfordeceptivepracticesbythestateofMinnesota.Accordingtothelawsuit,thebanksuppliedatelemarketercalledMemberWorkswithsensitivecustomerdatasuchasnames，phonenumbers,bank-accountandcredit-cardnumbers,SocialSecuritynumbers,accountbalancesandcreditlimits.

Withthesecustomerlistsinhand,MemberWorksstarteddialingfordollars-sellingdentalplans,videogames,computersoftwareandotherproductsandservices.Customerswhoaccepteda“freetrialoffer”had30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomaticallythroughtheirbankorcredit-cardaccounts.U.S.Bancorpcollectedashareoftherevenues.

Customersweredoublydeceived,thelawsuitclaims.Theydidn’tknowthatthebankwasgivingaccountnumberstoMemberWorks.Andifcustomersasked,theywereledtothinktheanswerwasno.

ThestatesuedMemberWorksseparatelyfordeceptiveselling.Thecompanydeniesthatitdidanythingwrong.Foritspart,U.S.Bancorpsettledwithoutadmittinganymistakes.Butitagreedtostopexposingitscustomerstononfinancialproductssoldbyoutsidefirms.Afewtopbanksdecidedtodothesame.ManyotherbankswillstilldobusinesswithMemberWorksandsimilarfirms.

Andbankswillstillbeminingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplans.

Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transactionandexperience”information—mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.SocialSecuritynumbersareforsalebyprivatefirms.They’vegenerallyagreednottoselltothepublic.Buttobusinesses,thenumbersareanopenbook.Self-regulationdoesn’twork.Afirmmightpublishaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?

TakeU.S.Bancorpagain.Customersweretold,inwriting,that“allpersonalinformationyousupplytouswillbeconsideredconfidential”.ThenitsoldyourdatatoMemberWorks.Thebankevenclaimsthatitdoesn’t“sell”yourdataatall.Itmerely“shares”itandreapsaprofit.Nowyouknow.

1.Contrarytopopularbelief,theauthorfindsthatspyingonpeople’sprivacy（）.

2.Weknowfromthepassagethat（）.

3.Whenthe“freetrial”deadlineisover,you’llbechargedwithoutnoticeforaproductorserviceif（）.

4.Businessesdonotregardinformationconcerningpersonalbankaccountsasprivatebecause_（）_.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.ispracticedexclusivelybytheFBI

B.ismoreprevalentinbusinesscircles

C.hasbeenintensifiedwiththehelpoftheIRS

D.ismainlycarriedoutbymeansofsecrettaping

问题2选项

A.thestateofMinnesotaisconsideringdrawinguplawstoprotectprivateinformation

B.moststatesareturningablindeyetothedeceptivepracticesofprivatebusinesses

C.legislatorsareactingtopassalawtoprovidebetterprivacyprotection

D.lawmakersareinclinedtogiveafreehandtobusinessestoinquireintocustomers’buyinghabits

问题3选项

A.youhappentorevealyourcreditcardnumber

B.youfailtocancelitwithinthespecifiedperiod

C.youfailtoapplyforextensionofthedeadline

D.youfindtheproductorserviceunsatisfactory

问题4选项

A.itisconsidered“transactionandexperience”informationunprotectedbylaw

B.ithasalwaysbeenconsideredanopensecretbythegeneralpublic

C.itssalecanbebroughtundercontrolthroughself-regulation

D.itsrevelationwilldonoharmtoconsumersunderthecurrentprotectionpolicy

问题5选项

A.bankswillhavetochangetheirwaysofdoingbusiness

B.“freetrial”practicewilleventuallybebanned

C.privacyprotectionlawswillsoonbeenforced

D.consumers,privacywillcontinuetobeinvaded

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.”，私营企业比政府监视得更多，根据最后一句，“It’sourbanks….passourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.”，说明银行将我们的私人财务数据给了电话销售公司。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.”，说明立法者倾向于让商业人士随意跟踪我们的财务习惯。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“…had30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomatically…”，说明有30天的取消期限，超过期限会自动收费。选项B符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第八段，“Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.”，企业用你的私人账户获利，但是你得不到任何保护，“nofederallawshields‘transactionandexperience’information”说明私人账户被认为是不受法律保护的，选项B符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章第八段，说明没有法律对消费者的隐私给予保护，所以消费者的利益会继续被侵犯。选项D符合题意。

26.单选题

21-25

问题1选项

A.ThecauseofCOPD.

B.Harmfuleffectsofsmoking.

C.D.B.Harmfuleffectsofsmoking.C.

D.B.Harmfuleffectsofsmoking.C.Menmoresusceptibletoharmfuleffectsofsmoking.D.Womenmoresusceptibletoharmfuleffectsofsmoking.

问题2选项

A.954

B.955

C.1909

D.1955

问题3选项

A.OnMay18inSanDiego.

B.OnMay25inSanDiego.

C.OnMay18inSanFrancisco.

D.OnMay25inSanFrancisco.

问题4选项

A.Whensmokingexposureishigh.

B.Whensmokingexposureislow.

C.Whenthesubjectsreceivedmedication.

D.Whenthesubjectsstoppedsmoking.25.

问题5选项

A.Hormonedifferencesinmenandwomen.

B.Geneticdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.

C.Women’sactivemetabolicrate.

D.Women’ssmallerairways.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】(21)Womanmaybemoresusceptibletothelung-damagingeffecttosmokingthanmen,accordingtonewresearchbyInga-CecilieSoerheim,M.D.,andhercolleaguesfromChimingLaboratory,BrighamandWomenHospitalandUniversityofBergenNorway.(22)TheyanalyzedthedatafromtheNorwegiancasecontrolstudy,including954subjectswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD慢性阻塞性肺疾病)and955controls,allthecurrentorex-smokers.AndCOPDsubjecthadmoderateorsevereCOPD.Overallanalysisindicatedthewomenmaybemorevulnerabletotheeffecttosmoking,whichissomethingpreviouslysuspectedbutnotproven,saidDr.Soerheim.(23)ThestudyresultswouldbepresentedonMay18,atthe105thinternationalconferenceofAmericansocietyinSanDiego.Examiningthetotalstudysample,therewerenogenderdifferenceswithrespecttolungfunction(FEVI)andCOPDseverity,butthewomenwereonaverageyoungerandhadsmokedsignificantlylessthanmen.

Toexplorethesedifferencesfurther;theyalsoanalyzedtwosubgroupsofthestudysample:COPDsubjectsundertheageof60(earlyonsetgroup)andCOPDsubjectswithlessthan20packyearofsmoking(lowexposuregroup).Inbothsubgroups,womenhadmoreseverediseaseandgreaterimpairmentoflungfunctionthanmen.

“Thismeansthatfemalesmokersinourstudyexperiencedreducedlungfunctionatalowerlevelofsmokingexposureandatanearlieragethanmen,"saidDr.Soerheim.

Ithaslongbeensuspectedthattheeffectofsmokingonlungfunctionmaybemodifiedbygender.InteractionanalysisconfirmedthatbeingfemalerepresentsahigherriskofreducedlungfunctionandsevereCOPD,(24)butthisgendereffectofwasmostpronouncedwhenthelevelofsmokingexposurewaslow.ThegenderdifferenceinCOPDsusceptibilityseemstobemostimportantwhensmokingexposureislow.Womenmaytoleratesmallamountsoftobaccoworsethanmen,”Dr.Soerheimexplained.

AccordingtoDr.Soerheim,thereasonwhywomenmaybemoresusceptibletotheeffectsofcigarettesmokeisstillunknown,butthereareseveralpossibleexplanations:(25)“Womenhavesmallairways,thereforeeachcigarettesmaybemoreharm.Alsotherearegenderdifferencesinthemetabolismofcigarettesmoke,genesandhormonescouldalsobeimportant.”

21.What’sthemostlikelythetopicofthistalk?

【解析】从短文录音的第一句便可知道答案：Womanmaybemoresusceptibletothelungdamagingeffecttosmokingthanmen。因此本题答案为D。

22.HowmanysubjectsdidDr.Soerheimrecruitedinthestudy?

【解析】根据录音中..including954subjectswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD)and955controls可知，总共招录的实验对象（subjects)）为954+955=1909，故本题答案为C。

23.WhenandwherewasDr.Soerheimpresenttheirstudyresults?

【解析】根据录音中的..May18,atthe115internationalconferenceofAmericandirectivesocietyinSantiago，可知本题的答案为A。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whenisthegenderdifferencemostlikelytobeobviouslyinCOPDsensibility?

【解析】从录音中“Butthisgenderresetwasmostpronouncedwomen’slevelofsmokingexposurewaslow”可知，当smokingexposure较低时，性别差异最明显。

25.Whichofthefollowingisnottheexplanationforwomen’sgreatsusceptibilitytotheeffectofsmoking?

【解析】从录音最后“Womenhavesmallairways,thereforeeatcigarettesmaydomoreharm.Alsotherearegenderdifferencesinthemetabolismofcigarettesmoke,genesandhormonescouldalsobeimportant.”可知，男女的新陈代谢和荷尔蒙差异、女性狭窄的气道都是让女性更容易受到吸烟后果影响的因素，但其中并未说女性比男性的新陈代谢更活跃，因此C正确。

27.单选题

Businessandgovernmentmanagersoftenpromote“cleandesk”politiestoavoiddisorganizedofficesandmessydesks，______boostingworkefficiencyandproductivity.

问题1选项

A.forthepurposeof

B.forgoodof

C.forpurposeof

D.forthefunof

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词词组辨析。forthepurposeof“为了……目的”；B和C选项形式不正确；forthefunof“为了享受”。句意：企业和政府管理者经常推行“整洁的办公室”政策，以避免混乱的办公室和凌乱的桌子，……提高工作效率和生产力。因此选项A符合题意。

28.填空题

Shesenthima（wool）（）sweaterashisbirthdaygift.

【答案】woolen

【解析】放在名词前，应该用形容词。 

29.单选题

NobodycametoseemewhileIwasout,（）?

问题1选项

A.didthey

B.didn’tthey

C.didshe

D.didn'tshe

【答案】C

【解析】考查反义疑问句。由题干可知Nobody为表示否定意义的不定代词，当陈述句的主语是表示否定意义的不定代词（如none,nobody,nothing等）时，反义疑问句的疑问词要用肯定语气did并且用第三人称单数，由此可知C选项正确。句意：当我出去的时候，没有人来看过我，对吗？

30.单选题

________theythinkitwillcometoanendthroughthehandsofGod,oranaturaldisasterorapoliticalevent,whateverthereason,nearly15percentofpeopleworldwidethinktheendoftheworldiscoming,accordingtoanewpoll.

问题1选项

A.Either

B.Whether

C.Neither

D.If

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：一项最新调查显示，全世界近15%的人认为世界末日即将来临。要么是通过上帝之手，要么是天灾或者政治事件。根据题干中…or…可知空格处应填写与之搭配的词语，只有either…or…符合要求。因此A选项符合题意。

31.翻译题

今诸生学于太学(theImperialCollege)，县官(theroyalcourt)日有廪稍之供，父母岁有裘葛之遗，无冻馁之患矣；坐大厦之下而诵《诗》《书》，无奔走之劳矣；有司业(DirectorsofStudies)、博士之师，未有问而不告，求而不得者也；凡所宜有之书集于此，不必若余之手录，假诸人而后见也。其业有不精，德有不成者，非天质之卑，则心不若余之专耳，岂他人之过哉？(5分)

人们为梦想而斗争，正如为财产而斗争一样。于是梦想即由幻想的世界走进了现实的世界，而成为了我们生命中的一个真实力量。梦想无论怎样模糊，总潜伏在我们心底，使我们的心境永远得不到宁静，直到这些梦想成为事实为止；像种子在底下一样，一定要萌芽滋长，伸出地面来，寻找阳光。(4分)

目前是研究在交叉文化与多种文化方面人类的相似性的最好时机了。差异谈得够多了。强调我们的差异使我们人类彼此疏远，使我们长久地相互猜疑；在极端的情况下加深我们的分歧使我们彼此否定，失去人性结果是导致相互残杀。(3分)

刑事侦破(forensic)科学家的工作，与其说是迅速和富于洞察力，不如说是更为缓慢，更具有分析性的。但这种方法所展示出的高质量与谨慎可由如下事实得以反映出来：只有少数案件真正会成为审判室的主要案件。鉴于在预审中被告所听到的刑侦证据之确凿，他们常常折服于证明他们有罪的有分量的科学信息，并且在审判还未开始之前就低头认罪。（3分）

【答案】NowadaysmanystudentspursueaneducationintheImperialCollege,theywouldn’tneedtoworryaboutstarvationandcoldnessastheroyalcourtwouldofferthemeverydayfoodforfreeandparentsyourseasonalclothes.Withoutgoingoutside,theyjustsitinthecomfortableroomandreadtheclassicpoemsandhistoricalbooks.WithDirectorsofStudiesandMr.Knowledgebeingtheirteachers,alloftheirquestionsandinquirieswillbesolved.TheCollegehassuchasufficientcollectionofbooksthattheyneedn’tmakehandwrittencopiesafterborrowingbooksfromotherslikeIdidbefore.Iftheymakenoachievementintheir