考研考博-英语-山西财贸职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西财贸职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thedoorclosedandthehelicopterimmediately______verticallyto1000feet.

问题1选项

A.floated

B.raised

C.heaved

D.ascended

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项float“漂浮”，B项raise“抬高，举起”，C项heave“举起，使起伏”，D项ascend“上升”。根据helicopter“直升机”可知，空格部分表示“上升”；只有D项符合。句意：门关上了，直升机立即垂直上升到1000英尺的高度。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.单选题

Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator.”

Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplusbreadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearsonfooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.

Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted—naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...

Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing-marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.

Consequently,mostoftheworld’sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificiallyheatedhouse-whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.

Thefridge’seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum.

1.Thestatement“Inmybridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”(Para.2)suggeststhat（

）.

2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?

3.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge’snegativeeffectontheenvironment?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardfridges?

问题1选项

A.theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfifties

B.theauthorwasnotaccustomedtousefridgeseveninhisfifties.

C.therewasnofridgeintheauthor’shomeinthe1950s

D.thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s

问题2选项

A.Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.

B.Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimeaweek.

C.Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily

D.Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood

问题3选项

A.Inventors.

B.Consumers.

C.Manufacturers.

D.Travelingsalesmen

问题4选项

A.“Humawaycontinuously”

B.“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary”

C.“Artificially-cooledspace”

D.“Withmildtemperatures”

问题5选项

A.Neutral.

B.Critical.

C.Objective

D.Compromising

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily句意为“我的童年吋期没有冰箱，但我还是吃得不错而且吃得很健康”之后的部分讲到虽然没有冰箱但也没有出现食物浪费和食物腐烂的情况，由此可知第二段的首句话是为了说明虽然那时候没有冰箱，作者也生活的很好，即选项A。

2.判断推理题。第二段指出:送牛奶的人每天都来，杂货商、屠夫、面包师和卖冰淇淋的人—周来送货两到三次。肉可以从星期天一直吃到周三，剩余的面包和牛奶将变成各种各样的小点心。任何东西都不会被浪费，而且我们从不会为了腐烂的食物而烦恼。因此可知在冰箱发明之前不会有东西的浪费是因为人们掌握了有效的剩余食物的方法,故选D。

3.判断推理题。第三段指出:冰箱的发明对食物的保存并没有起到太多的作用，在冰箱发明之前已经有像自然冷却、盐腌等多种食物保存方法。冰箱的发明正在促进的是电力、软饮料、动物死尸的销量并且在后文中作者还讲到了冰箱对生活环境造成的影响，故可以推断出在作者看来对于冰箱的发明，最没有受益的就是消费者。

4.细节事实题。最后一段指出:冰箱对环境的影响一直都是显著的，而它带给人类的幸福却是微不足道的。如果你不信，自己试试看，做一个存放食物的橱柜，下个冬天关掉你的冰箱。你或许吃不到汉堡，但是至少能摆脱那可怕的噪音。故选A“不断产生噪声”。

5.观点态度题。文章中作者提到童年时期没有冰箱，但是还是吃得不错而且很健康，并且当时食物也储存的很好，不会造成浪费。最后两段中,作者认为世界上绝大部分的冰箱并不是在那些最能用得上它们的热带地区被发现，而是在那些富有气候温和的国家出现，这些国家几乎不需要用冰箱。可以看出作者对于冰箱是批判性的。

3.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

中国始终秉持人类命运共同体理念，肩负大国担当，同其他国家并肩作战、共克时艰。中国本着依法、公开、透明、负责任态度，第一时间向国际社会通报疫情信息，毫无保留同各方分享防控和救治经验。中国对疫情给各国人民带来的苦难感同身受，尽己所能向国际社会提供人道主义援助，支持全球抗击疫情。

【答案】Havingforgedtheideathattheworldisaglobalcommunityofsharedfuture,andbelievingthatitmustactasaresponsiblemember,Chinahasfoughtshouldertoshoulderwiththerestoftheworld.Inthespiritofopenness,transparency,responsibilityandinaccordancewiththelaw,Chinahaskepttheinternationalcommunityinformedoftheepidemicassoonaspossible,andsharedwithoutreserveitsexperienceincontainingthespreadofthevirusandtreatingtheinfected.Chinahasgreatempathywithvictimsallovertheworld,andhasdoneallitcantoprovidehumanitarianaidinsupportoftheinternationalcommunity’sendeavorstostemthepandemic.

4.单选题

______isoftenthecasewithanewidea,muchpreliminaryactivityandoptimisticdiscussionproducednoconcreteproposals.

问题1选项

A.That

B.It

C.This

D.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查关系代词的用法。as在做关系代词时，表示“正如……一样”。句意：正如新想法经常出现的情况一样，许多初步活动和乐观的讨论都不会产生具体的建议。因此D选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Thatisa______pointofview.Idon’tagreewithyou.

问题1选项

A.crystal

B.protein

C.union

D.conservative

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项crystal“水晶”；B选项protein“蛋白质的”；C选项union“联合”；D选项conservative“保守的”。句意：这观点很______。我不同意你的看法。根据语境，D选项conservative“保守的”搭配pointofview比较合理，意思指这个观点非常保守，符合题意。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds，catarrhs（黏膜炎）andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy（中风）.The

suddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodesexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic（滑稽的）press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

1.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat______.

2.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept______.

3.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut_____.

4.Wemaysafelyconcludethat_____.

5.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether

B.peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C.alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D.railwayleadstheworldtopeace

问题2选项

A.therailwayenablespeopletotravelfast

B.therailwaybringscomforttopeople

C.therailwaymakestheworldpeaceful

D.therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell

问题3选项

A.tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

B.thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snerves

C.therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungs

D.tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie

问题4选项

A.theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroup

B.theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroup

C.theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailway

D.theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers

问题5选项

A.Practical.

B.Satirical.

C.Humorous.

D.Exaggerated.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句，“themorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.”，可知男孩女孩们都知道，大家越是团结在一起，发生战争的机会就越大，选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.”，可知没有人预见到铁路是发生战争机会越来越多的原因。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句，“wouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth”，可知火车对人体健康是最危险的。选项A可排除。根据文章第二段第三句，“Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.”，可知噪音和眩光对人的神经有影响，选项B可排除。根据第二段第四句，“woulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.”，可知对人体肺部也有影响，选项C排除。选项D符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.”，可知人们没有预见铁路是敌军快速移动的一种方式，可推断出作者提出了火车的不好，表明了自己反对铁路的立场，所以他是反铁路组织的一员。选项A符合题意。

5.作者态度题。文章第二段提到了火车会对身体健康等各方面带来危害，最后一段还举到了一位作家对火车描述的例子，可见作者是运用了讽刺的语气来描写的。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Thefoxwatchedthem（）fromthesafetyofanearbyfield.

问题1选项

A.goingpassed

B.togopass

C.goingpast

D.togopast

【答案】C

【解析】考查感官动词的搭配。感官动词watch后面需要接省略to的不定式，表示动作发生的过程已经结束。因此可排除CD选项，后接doing作宾语补足语时通常表示动作正在进行中或状态。句意：那只狐狸在旁边安全的地方看着他们经过。A选项passed是动词pass的过去式，而句中需要一个副词来修饰动词go，由此C选项的past作副词时表“经过”，符合句意，故选C。

8.单选题

Anexplosionisreallyasuddenincreaseinvolume______.

问题1选项

A.causedbyrapidburning

B.andcausebyrapidburning

C.causingitsburningtoberapid

D.rapidburningcausesit

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法和句意。A项用cause的被动语态连接原因，作为后置定语修饰volume符合题意；根据题干与选项我们可以知道爆炸中的巨大声响是由快速燃烧引起的，所以不能选择C项；B项是被动语态，cause应该用过去分词，故排除；D项是一个完整的表示原因的从句，但是缺少连接词，所以不对。句意：爆炸实际上是由快速燃烧引起的体积的突然增加。因此，该题正确答案为A。

9.单选题

Thecommissionwouldfinditself（）ateveryturnifitsmemberscouldn’treachanagreement.

问题1选项

A.collided

B.savaged

C.crumbled

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项collided“（偶然）碰撞，冲突，（不同的观念、想法等）碰撞（而产生有趣结果）”；B选项savaged“乱咬，粗暴的对待，凶猛地攻击”；C选项crumbled“弄碎，破碎”；D选项hampered“阻碍，限制”。句意：如果委员们不能达成一致意见，该委员会将处处受阻。因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Thepresident's（）remarksinhisspeechmetwithalotofattacksfromothercountries.

问题1选项

A.offensive

B.impressive

C.permissive

D.expressive

【答案】A

【解析】句意:总统在演讲中的攻击性言论遭到了许多来自其他国家的攻击。

考查形容词辨析。offensive攻击的，冒犯的，令人不适的；impressive令人赞叹的，令人钦佩的；permissive许可的，自由的，放任的；expressive表现的，有表现力的。根据题干关键词“遭到了许多来自其他国家的攻击”可知A符合句意。

11.单选题

Highpressurecellsmaybringbriefwarm（

）eveninthemiddleofwinter.

问题1选项

A.struggles

B.spells

C.spans

D.sway

【答案】C

【解析】struggle奋斗，努力；spell符咒，魅力；span跨度，范围；sway影响，摇摆，统治。句意：高压电池即使在隆冬也能带来短暂的温暖。选项C在这里表示时间段，符合语境。

12.翻译题

1.Inpresent-daytechnologymanmakestremendousdemandsonthematerialsavailabletohim.Thedemandisnotonlyforhugequantitiesofmaterialssuchastimber,concrete,steelandplasticsforconstructionalpurposes.Itisalsoforsmallerbutcrucialamountsofmaterialswhicharelesseasilyobtainable.Materialssuchasuraniumandtitaniumdonotexistinlargequantitiesbuttheypossessunusualpropertieswhichmakethemessentialforcertainhighlyspecializeduses.

2.Computersareelectronicmachinesforprocessingdata.Dataarepiecesoritemsofinformationthathavebeenproperlypreparedsothatthemachinecanworkwiththem.Processingmeanshandlingormanipulatingthematerialthathasbeenpresentedtothemachineinsuchwaysasperformingcalculations,classifyinginformation,ormakingcomparisons.Acomputerismadeofmillionsofelectronicdevicesthatcanstorethedataorswitchthemthroughcomplexcircuitswithdifferentfunctionsatincrediblespeeds.

3.在传统的中国家庭中，成年子女与年长父母生活在一个屋檐下。自1974年中国实行独生子女政策以来，中国家庭经历了许多变化，其中一个变化是核心家庭成为主导。当独生子女因为读大学或结婚而离开家里时，父母才四五十岁，他们比其他国家育有多个子女的父母更早经历空巢综合征。他们忽然感到孤独、悲伤、无用、消沉。

【答案】1.当今的技术人员对可用的材料提出了巨大的要求。这种需求不仅适用于诸如木材、混凝土、钢铁以及用于建筑目的的塑料等数量巨大的材料，也适用于较少但至关重要，且不易获得的材料。铀和钛这样一类材料并不大量存在，但它们具有非凡的特性，这使得它们成为某些特殊用途所不可缺少的材料。

2.计算机是处理数据的电子机器。数据是已被适当准备好以便机器能够使用的信息片段或项目。加工指的是对呈现在机器上的材料进行处理或操作，如计算、分类或比较。计算机是由数以百万计的电子设备组成的，这些设备可以存储数据或通过具有不同功能的复杂电路以令人难以置信的速度转换数据。

3.InatraditionalChinesefamily,adultchildrenliveunderthesameroofwiththeirolderparents.SinceChinaadoptedtheone-childpolicyin1974,Chinesefamilieshaveundergonemanychanges,oneofwhichisthedominanceofthenuclearfamily.Whenonlychildrenleavehomeforcollegeormarriage,theirparentsareintheir40sor50s,andtheyexperienceempty-nestsyndromeearlierthanparentswithmultiplechildreninothercountries.Theysuddenlyfeellonely,sad,useless,anddepressed.

13.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15%)

在团队内部建立友谊

团队的领导者耍懂得如何利用友谊的力量来加强团队合作。在正式的团体会议中，营造一种轻松、友好的气氛非常重要。要努力创造一种氛围使每个成员的发言都得到充分的尊重，让每个人可以畅所欲言。想做到这一点，就要使队员们尽量以朋友，而非同事的方式，来处理相互关系；鼓励每个成员在工作、会议之外进行交谈，多作接触，在轻松的气氛中自由地交换意见和看法。多安排社交活动，创造大家在工作之余聚会碰头的机会，在取得成功时举办庆祝活动等，都有利于团队成员之间建立真正的朋友关系，有利于团结团队，使之成为一个整体。

【答案】BuildFriendshipinaTeam

Teamleadershouldknowhowtoenhanceteamworkbyusingthepoweroffriendship.Inaformalgroupmeeting,effortsshouldbemadetobuildapleasantandfriendlyatmosphereinwhicheachmember’sspeechisfullyrespectedandeveryonecanspeakfreely.Inordertodothis,theteammembershouldberegardedasfriendsnotcolleagues,andmoreover,eachofthemshouldbeencouragedtocommunicateandcontactafterworkandmeetingandexchangeviewsinacomfortableatmosphere.Organizingsocialevents,creatingopportunitiesforpeopletomeetoutsideofoffice,andholdingcelebrationstocelebratesuccesshelptobuildtruefriendshipandunitetheteamasawhole.

14.单选题

Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimage-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse.

ThewoodcuthadbeenusedinChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.forapplyingpatternstotextiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcentury,firstfortextiledecorationandthenforprintingonpaper.Woodcutsarecreatedbyareliefprocess;first,theartisttakesablockofwood,whichhasbeensawedparalleltothegrain,coversitwithawhiteground,andthendrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarvedaway,leavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Thewoodblockisinked,andtheinkadherestotheraisedimage.Itisthentransferredtodamppapereitherbyhandorwithaprintingpress.

Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith'sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,“tocarve”).Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theartistinkstheplateandwipesitcleansothatsomeinkremainsintheincisedgrooves.Animpressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpress,withsufficientpressurebeingappliedsothatthepaperpicksuptheink.

Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingandcross-hatchingdeterminethedegreeoflightandshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendtobemorelinear,withsharpercontrastsbetweenlightanddark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages.Asetofmultiplesiscalledanedition.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.Massproductionofprintsinthesixteenthcenturymadeimagesavailable,atalowercost,toamuchbroaderpublicthanbefore.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theauthor’spurposesinparagraph2aretodescribe（

）.

3.Theword“incised”inline15isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdowoodcutandengravinghaveincommon?

5.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutprintsEXCEPTthatthey（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theoriginsoftextiledecoration.

B.Thecharacteristicsofgood-qualityprints.

C.Twotypesofprintmaking.

D.Typesofpaperusedinprintmaking.

问题2选项

A.thewoodcutsfoundinChinainthefifthcentury

B.theuseofwoodcutsinthetextileindustry

C.theprocessinvolvedincreatingawoodcut

D.theintroductionofwoodcutstoEurope

问题3选项

A.burned

B.cut

C.framed

D.baked

问题4选项

A.Theirdesignsareslightlyraised.

B.Theyachievecontrastthroughhatchingandcross-hatching.

C.TheywerefirstusedinEurope.

D.Theyallowmultiplecopiestobeproducedfromoneoriginal.

问题5选项

A.canbereproducedonmaterialsotherthanpaper

B.arecreatedfromareversedimage

C.showvariationsbetweenlightanddarkshades

D.requireaprintingpress

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章主要讨论的问题是什么”。文章第一段第一句为文章的中心句：版画是一系列工艺的总称，其中木刻和雕刻是两个主要的例子（Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples），接下来的内容都是在讲述木刻与雕刻，所以选项C“版画的两种”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“第二段的目的是为了描述……”。文章第二段介绍了木刻的来源：公元五世纪中国开始采用，主要用于纺织；十四世纪传入欧洲。然后介绍了木刻工艺的具体流程，因此选项C符合题意。

3.词义题。题目问的是“单词incised与哪个词的意思最接近”。文章第三段提到“图片被……进一块高度抛光的金属板”（Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate），由此可以推测出incised有“雕刻”的意思。选项B符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，木刻与雕刻的共同点是什么”。文章最后一段提到“版画很适合多图制作”（Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages），可知选项D符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章内容，下列关于出版哪项是错误的”。文章第二段提到木刻起源于中国，用于纺织，由此可知选项A描述正确，排除；文章第一段提到“当纸被拿掉时，图像会附着在纸上，但是方向是相反的”（Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse），由此可知选项B描述正确，排除；文章第一段提到“印刷是把一张纸（或其他材料）压在一个装有油墨的承载图像的表面上”（Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimage-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied），由此可知选项D描述正确，排除。综上，选项C符合题意。

15.单选题

Packagesaresowidespreadthattheyslip________consciousnotice.

问题1选项

A.below

B.before

C.beneath

D.beyond

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.below在……下面B.before在……之前

C.beneath低于，次于D.beyond超过，超越

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】本句的主干部分是“包装很普遍（Packagesarewidespread）”，sothat引导了一个结果状语从句，表示包装如此普遍导致的结果是什么。既然是很普遍、常见的包装，那么人们就不会注意到它。beneathnotice是固定搭配，意为“不值得注意，无足轻重”，因此C选项beneath“低于，次于”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项below“在……下面”指低于某事物的水平或地位，B选项before“在……之前”指处于某事物前面的位置，D选项beyond“超过，超越”指对某事物来说太远或太超前，均不能构成相应的固定搭配。

【句意】包装是如此普遍，以至于它们不会被人们所注意。

16.单选题

Amysteriousblackcloudapproachestheearth—ourplanet’sweatherisseverelyaffected.

ThroughouttherestofJuneandJulytemperaturesrosesteadilyallovertheEarth.IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.Peoplecomplained,buttherewasnoseriousdisaster.

ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.Occasionallyair-conditioningunitsfailedanditwasthenthatfatalitiesoccurred.

Conditionswereutterlydesperatethroughoutthetropicsasmaybejudgedfromthefactthat7943speciesofplantsandanimalsbecametotallyextinct.ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.Nothingcouldbedonetoreducethehotairtemperature.Morethansevenhundredmillionpersonsareknowntohavelosttheirlives.

Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose,notsofastastheairtemperature,butfastenoughtoproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.Itwasindeedthisincreasethatproducedthedisastrousconditionsjustremarked.MillionsofpeoplebetweenthelatitudesofCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherethatgrewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday.Allhumanmovementceased.Therewasnothingtobedonebuttoliebreathingquicklyasadogdoesinhotweather.

BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicslaybalancedbetweenlifeandtotaldeath.Thenquitesuddenlyraincloudsappearedoverthewholeglobe.Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle,duenodoubttothecloudsreflectingmoreoftheSun’sradiationbackintospace.Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved.Warmrainfelleverywhere,evenasfarnorthasIceland.Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmospherewasasfavorabletothemasitwasunfavorabletoManandmanyotheranimals.

1.IntheBritishIslesthetemperature____________.

2.FewpeopleintheUnitedStateslosttheirlivesbecause____________.

3.MillionsofpeopleinCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherebecause____________.

4.BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicsweresuchthat____________.

5.Theinsectpopulationincreaseddueto____________.

问题1选项

A.stayedateighty

B.rangedfromeightytoninety

C.approachedonehundred

D.exceededthehundredmark

问题2选项

A.thetemperaturewastolerable

B.peopleremainedindoorsforweeks

C.thegovernmenthadtakeneffectivemeasurestoreducethehottemperature

D.peoplewereprovidedwiththemostcomfortableair-conditioners

问题3选项

A.thetemperaturegrewextremelyhot

B.thetemperaturebecamedamperandhotterasthehumidityofthesurfacewatersoftheseaincreased

C.theirconditionsweretoodangerous

D.nothingcouldbedonewiththehottemperature

问题4选项

A.humansurvivalwouldbeimpossible

B.moreandmorepeoplewouldlosetheirlives

C.fewerpeoplecouldbesaved

D.survivalordeathwasstillundecided

问题5选项

A.thehotair

B.thetropicalclimate

C.therainclouds

D.thedampatmosphere

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.（在不列颠群岛，温度从80度上升到90度，并接近100度。），可知不列颠群岛的温度快接近100度，故C选项“接近100”正确。A选项“保持在80度”，B选项“从80上升到90度”和D选项“超过100度”错误。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.（美国的死亡人数仍然很少，这在很大程度上要归功于前几年和前几个月安装的空调设备。），可知，在美国很少人因为高温而丧生得益于空调，故D选项“人们装有最舒适的空调”正确。A选项“温度还可以忍受”和B选项“人们在室内待了几个星期”：根据第三段第二句Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.（全国各地气温上升到人类承受能力的极限，人们被迫连续数周待在室内。），可知这气温已超出承受范围，故A选项错误，并且因为气温太高人们不得不待在室内，这是高温带来的影响而非只有少数人死亡的原因，故B选项错误。C选项“政府已经采取了有效的措施来降低高温”：文章没有提到政府做了什么，故错误。因此D选项正确。

3.实细节题。根据第五段第一句Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose…toproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.（最终，海水表层的温度上升了……致命的湿度增加。）和第三句grewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday（天气一天比一天潮湿和炎热），可知是海水温度和湿度增加影响的开罗和好望角地区，故B选项“随着海洋表层海水湿度的增加，温度变得更潮湿、更热”正确，A选项“温度变得非常热”中仅仅因为温度变化不至于造成这样的结果。C选项“他们的条件太危险了”：这是对这情况的描述而非原因，故错误。D选项“他们对高温无计可施”：根据第四段第二句ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.（人类之所以能活下来，完全是因为挖到了洞穴和地窖。），可知人类运用了一些对策面对高温，故错误。因此B选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第六段BythefourthweekofJuly…Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle…Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved…asitwasunfavorabletoManandmanyotheranimals.（到了七月的第四个星期……温度降低了一点……但不能说情况有所改善……就像对人类和许多其他动物不利一样），可知对人类来说，气温的威胁降低了，可是其他的危险同时出现，人类安全与否仍然未知，故D选项“生死仍未定”正确。A选项“人类将不可能存活”，B选项“越来越多的人将失去生命”和C选项“更少的人可以被拯救”与句意不符，故错误。因此D选项正确。

5.事实细节题。根据第六段最后一句Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmosphere（昆虫的数量急剧增加，因为灼热的大气对它们有利），可知昆虫因为灼热的大气而增加，故A选项“灼热的大气”正确。B选项“热带气候”C选项“云雨天气”和D选项“潮湿的空气”：文章没有说这些因素和昆虫数量增多的关系，故错误。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

YangtzeRiverflowsatawidthofupto2kmandanaveragedepthofbetween6and15mthroughalargeplainwithmanylakes.Thisareais()toseverefloodingandaccumulationofriversediment.

问题1选项

A.object

B.particular

C.subject

D.prone

【答案】C

【解析】句意：长江流经一个有许多湖泊的大平原，这个平原宽达2公里，平均深度在6至15米之间。这个地区经常发生严重的水灾和河流泥沙淤积。objectto对……反对；particular特别，尤其，不与to搭配；subjectto使遭受；proneto有……倾向的。选项C符合句意。

18.单选题

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.ExamplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.

Inmodernsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandt