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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-抚顺师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Itisawell-knownfactthatthecatfamily___lionsandtigers.

问题1选项

A.enriches

B.accommodates

C.adopts

D.embraces

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项enriches“使充实;使肥沃;使富足”;B选项accommodates“容纳;使适应;供应;调解”;C选项adopts“采取;接受;收养;正式通过”;D选项embraces“拥抱;欣然采纳;信奉;包含”。句意:众所周知,猫科动物___狮子和老虎。本句表达“猫科动物包括老虎和狮子”,因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan()tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.

问题1选项

A.resort

B.grant

C.afford

D.entitle

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他的论据未标明,人类在这些资源的使用上能浪费得起。

考查动词辨析。resort常去,求助,诉诸,resortto依靠,求助于;;grant授予,允许,承认,grantto同意给予,准予;afford给予,提供,承担得起;affordto(有条件)做,承担得起,负担得起;entitle给……称号,使……有权利。因此C符合句意。

3.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Psychologistshavelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersiscentraltowell-being,butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderinvestigation.1.Inonestudy,researcherseavesdroppedonundergraduatesforfourdays,thencatalogedeachoverheardconversationaseither“smalltalk”or“substantive”.Theyfoundthatthesecondtypecorrelatedwithhappiness—thehappieststudentshadroughlytwiceasmanysubstantivetalksastheunhappiestones.Smalltalk,meanwhile,makesuponly10percentoftheirconversation,versus30percentofconversationamongtheleastcontentstudents.

2.Butdon’twriteoffchitchatjustyet.Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding;andmaintainclosenesswithlovedones,andcouldn’tbemerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.

Still,banteringwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.3.Inaseriesofexperiments,psychologistsgaveChicagocommutersvaryingdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowtrainpassengers.Thosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourneythanthosetoldto“enjoyyoursolitude”ortodowhatevertheynormallywould.Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrebuffed.Andtheresultsheldforintrovertsandextrovertsalike—whichmakessense,sinceactingextrovertedhasapositiveeffectonintroverted.

4.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat,madeeyecontactwithandbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristasreportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction.

Ofcourse,someofusarebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.Inonestudy,peoplewhowererated“lesscurious”,byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown,andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyaresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure.5.Butpeoplewhoaredeemed“curious”needednohelptransformingaboutmundanethingslikefavoriteholidaysintointimateexchanges.A“curiousmind-set”、theauthorsconcluded,canleadto“positivesocialinteraction”.Sogoahead,pry.Chitchatneedn’tbeidle.Andnoisinessisn’tallbad.

【答案】1.在一项研究中,研究人员对大学生进行了为期四天的偷听,然后将每一次听到的谈话分类为“闲聊”或“实质性谈话”。他们发现第二种类型的学生与快乐有关——最快乐的学生进行实质性谈话的次数大约是最不快乐的学生的两倍。

2.但现在还不要对闲聊一笔勾销。科学家认为闲聊可以增进感情;和所爱的人保持亲密,不能仅仅是和陌生人尴尬的交流。

3.在一系列的实验中,心理学家就是否与火车上的其他乘客交谈给芝加哥的通勤者不同的建议。那些被告知与他人聊天的人比那些被告知“享受独处”或做他们通常会做的事情的人更愉快。没有人说自己被拒绝了。

4.闲聊也能让我们感觉和周围的环境有联系。与那些匆匆完成交易的人相比,那些对咖啡师微笑、与他们进行眼神交流、与他们简短交谈的人有更强的归属感。

5.但是那些被认为“好奇”的人不需要别人的帮助,就能把平常的事情,比如喜欢的节日,变成亲密的交流。作者总结说,一种“好奇的心态”可以导致“积极的社会互动”。去吧,pry。闲聊不必是无聊的。噪音也不全是坏事。

4.单选题

ColinmarriedmysisterandImarriedhisbrother,

makesColinandmedoublein-laws.

问题1选项

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.it

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。通过分析句子,可知空格处需要填入一个引导非限制性定语从句的关系词,因此选项C符合题意。句意:科林娶了我妹妹,我嫁给了他哥哥,这让我们俩亲上加亲。

5.单选题

MarkpursuedElizabethwithgentlemanners,butwasstillrepelled.

问题1选项

A.heldup

B.heldoff

C.heldto

D.heldin

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。repel表示“抵制”;A项holdup“举起,阻拦”,B项holdoff“拖延,不接近”,C项holdto“坚持,紧握”,D项holdin“抑制,约束”。句意:尽管马克用温和的口吻极力劝说伊丽莎白,但仍然被拒绝了。根据句意该题选A。

6.单选题

Thelegislationofacountryrecentlyconsideredabilldesignedtoreducetheuncertaintyinherentintheownershipofartbyspecifyingcertainconditionsthatmustbemetbeforeanallegedlystolenworkofartcanbereclaimedofbyaplaintiff.Thebillplacestheburdenofproofinreclamationlitigationentirelyontheplaintiff,whomustdemonstratethattheholderofanitemknewatthetimeofpurchasethatithadbeenstolen.Additionally,thebillcreatesauniformnationalstatuteoflimitationsforreclamationofstolenculturalproperty.

Testifyinginsupportofthebill,JamesD.Burke,acitizenofthecountryandoneofitsleadingartmuseumdirectors,specificallypraisedtheinclusionofastatuteoflimitations;otherwise,hesaid,othercountriescouldseektoreclaimvaluableartobjects,nomatterhowlongtheyhavebeenheldbythecurrentownerorhowlegitimatelytheywereacquired.Anycountrycouldenactapatrimonylawstatingthatanythingevermadewithintheboundariesofthatcountryisitsculturalproperty.Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.

However,becausesuchreclamationsuitshavenotyetbeenaproblem,thereislittlebasisforBurke’sconcern.Infact,theproposedlegislationwouldestablishtoomanyunjustifiablebarrierstothelocationandrecoveryofstolenobjects.Themainbarrieristhatthebillconsiderstheannouncementofanarttransactioninamuseumpublicationtobeadequateevidenceofanattempttonotifyapossibleowner.Therearefartoomanysuchpublicationsforthevictimofathefttosurvey,andwithonlythisformofdisclosure,astolenobjectcouldeasilyremaintheobjecttoascholarforverificationthatitisnotstolen,butitisarareacademicwhoisawareofanybutthemostpublicizedartthefts.Moreover,thetimelimitspecifiedbythestatuteoflimitationsisveryshort,andtherequirementthattheplaintiffdemonstratethattheholderhadknowledgeofthetheftisunrealistic.Typically,stolenartchangeshandsseveraltimesbeforerisingtothelevelinthemarketplacewhereacuratororcollectorwouldseeit.Atthatpoint,theobjectbearsnotraceoftheinitialtransactionbetweenthethiefandthefirstpurchaser,perhapstheonlyoneinthechainwhoknowinglyacquiredastolenworkofart.

Thus,theneedfornewlegislationtoprotectholdersofartisnotobvious.Rather,whatisnecessaryislegislationremedyingthedifficultiesthatlegitimateownersofworksofart,andcountriesfromwhichsuchworkshavebeenstolen,haveinlocationandreclaimingthesestolenworks.

51.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelysummarizesthemainpointofthepassage?

52.WhichoneofthefollowingisanexampleofthekindofactionthatBurkefearedwouldposeaseriousthreattomuseumsinhiscountry?

53.Accordingtothepassage,Burkeenvisagedthemostformidablepotentialadversariesofhiscountry’smuseumsinreclamationlitigationtobe______.

54.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardtheproposedbill?

55.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexemplifiesthesortoflegislationconsiderednecessarybytheauthorofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Variouslegaldisputeshaverecentlyarisenthatdemonstratetheneedforlegislationclarifyingthelegalpositionofmuseumsinsuitsinvolvingtherepossessionofculturalproperty.

B.Abillintendedtopreventothergovernmentsfromrecoveringculturalpropertywasrecentlyintroducedintothelegislatureofacountryatthebehestofitsmuseumdirectors.

C.Abillintendedtoprotectgood-faithpurchasersofworksofartfromreclamationlitigationisunnecessaryandfailstoaddresstheneedsoflegitimateownersattemptingtorecoverstolenartworks.

D.Clashesbetweenmuseumprofessionalsandmembersoftheacademiccommunityregardinggovernmentallegislationoftheartscanbestberesolvedbynegotiationandarbitration,notbylitigation.

问题2选项

A.Thepassageofalawbyanothercountryforbiddingthefutureexportofanyarchaeologicalobjectsuncoveredatsitswithinitsterritory.

B.Aninternationalaccordestablishingstrictcriteriafordeterminingwhetheraworkofartcanbeconsideredstolenandspecifyingthecircumstancesunderwhichitmustbereturnedtoitscountryoforigin.

C.Anincreaseintheacquisitionofculturallysignificantworksofartbyprivatecollectors,whoaremorecapablethanmuseumsofbearingthecostoflitigationbutwhorarelydisplaytheircollectionstothepublic.

D.Thepassageofalawbyanothercountrydeclaringthatallobjectscreatedbyitsaboriginalpeoplearethesolepropertyofthatcountry.

问题3选项

A.commercialdealersinart

B.lawenforcementofficialsinhisowncountry

C.privatecollectorsofart

D.governmentsofothercountries

问题4选项

A.Reasonedopposition

B.Measuredadvocacy

C.Fearfulapprehension

D.Impassionedsupport

问题5选项

A.Alawrequiringmuseumstonotifyforeigngovernmentsandculturalinstitutionsofallthecatalogsandscholarlyjournalsthattheypublish.

B.Alawrequiringthatacentralarchivebeestablishedforcollectinganddistributinginformationconcerningallreportedtheftsofculturalproperty.

C.Alawprovidingforthecreationofanationalwarehouseforstorageofworksofartthatarethesubjectoflitigation.

D.Alawinstitutinganationalfundforassistingmuseumstobeartheexpensesofdefendingthemselvesagainstreclamationsuits.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】51.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干的意思是“以下哪个选项最准确地总结了文章的要点?”。通读全文可知,文章的话题主要是讨论一项新的法案对艺术作品持有者的保护和追回被盗物品方面的作用。通过文章最后一段的总结Thus,theneedfornewlegislationtoprotectholdersofartisnotobvious.Rather,whatisnecessaryislegislationremedyingthedifficultiesthatlegitimateownersofworksofart,andcountriesfromwhichsuchworkshavebeenstolen,haveinlocationandreclaimingthesestolenworks.(因此,新的立法保护艺术持有者的必要性并不明显;相反,需要的是用立法弥补艺术品的合法拥有者和被盗艺术品的国家已经找到并收回被盗艺术品所面临的困难),可以推断新的立法保护艺术品持有者是没有必要的,而是要去解决艺术品持有者或者国家在追回被盗艺术品种所面临的困难和需求;所以C项“一项旨在保护艺术品善意购买者免受回收诉讼的法案是没有必要的,而且未能解决试图追回被盗艺术品的合法所有者的需求”正确。A项“最近出现的各种法律纠纷表明,在涉及收回文化财产的诉讼中,有必要立法澄清博物馆的法律地位”,根据文章第二段最后一句Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.(伯克表达了一种担忧,即广泛的回收诉讼将导致博物馆毁灭性的法律辩护费用)和第三段第一句However,becausesuchreclamationsuitshavenotyetbeenaproblem,thereislittlebasisforBurke’sconcern.(然而,因为这样的回收诉讼还没有成为一个问题,伯克的担心几乎没有根据)可知,A项不符合题意;B项“在一个国家博物馆馆长的要求下,一项旨在阻止其他国家政府收回文化财产的法案最近被提交到该国的立法机构”内容在文中没有提到,B项错误;D项“博物馆专业人员和学术团体成员之间关于政府对艺术品的立法的冲突最好通过谈判和仲裁来解决,而不是通过诉讼”,文中也未提到该内容,D项不选。因此该题选C。

52.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节推断题。题干的意思是“下面哪一个是伯克担心会对他国家的博物馆造成严重威胁的行为的例子?”。根据题干定位到文章第二段,第二句otherwise,hesaid,othercountriescouldseektoreclaimvaluableartobjects,nomatterhowlongtheyhavebeenheldbythecurrentownerorhowlegitimatelytheywereacquired.(他说,否则,其他国家可能会寻求收回有价值的艺术品,不管它们被当前所有者持有了多久,也不管它们获得的合法性如何)和最后一句Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.(伯克表达了一种担忧,即广泛的回收诉讼将导致博物馆毁灭性的法律辩护费用)有提到相关的内容,伯克赞同法案中包含的诉讼时效,因为超过了这个诉讼时效其他国家无法收回有价值的艺术品,不管这件艺术品的持有时间多长和合法性如何;不然的话,博物馆就会花费巨大的法律辩护费用;D项“另一个国家通过一项法律,宣布其土著人民所创造的一切物品都是该国的唯一财产”,这一例子更能很好的描述题干的内容,所以D项符合题意。A项“另一个国家通过了一项法律,禁止未来出口任何在其领土内发现的考古物品”,文中没有提到考古物品的内容;B项“一项国际协定,为确定一件艺术品是否可被认为是被盗的确定标准,并具体规定在何种情况下必须将其归还原籍国”,内容与原文相反,原文中伯克赞同的是诉讼的时效性,一旦过了时效,不管是否合法持有其他国家都不能追回,B项错误;C项“私人收藏家对具有文化意义的艺术作品的购买增加,他们比博物馆更有能力承担诉讼费用,但他们很少向公众展示他们的收藏”,文中没有提到相关内容,C项不选。因此该题选D。

53.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节推断题。题干的意思是“根据文章,伯克设想他的国家博物馆在回收诉讼中最可怕的潜在对手将是……”。根据文章第二段最后两句话Anycountrycouldenactapatrimonylawstatingthatanythingevermadewithintheboundariesofthatcountryisitsculturalproperty.Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.(任何国家都可以颁布一项遗产法,规定任何在该国境内做出的东西都是其文化财产;伯克表达了一种担忧,即广泛的回收诉讼将导致博物馆毁灭性的法律辩护费用)可知,国家博物馆在回收诉讼中最可怕的潜在对手将是其他国家的政府,因此D项“其他国家政府”正确。A项“艺术商人”,根据第三段第五句Moreover,thetimelimitspecifiedbythestatuteoflimitationsisveryshort,andtherequirementthattheplaintiffdemonstratethattheholderhadknowledgeofthetheftisunrealistic.Typically,stolenartchangeshandsseveraltimesbeforerisingtothelevelinthemarketplacewhereacuratororcollectorwouldseeit.(此外,诉讼时效规定的期限很短,要求原告证明持有人知晓盗窃行为的要求也不现实;通常情况下,被偷的艺术品会几经易手,才会在市场上升至馆长或收藏家能看到的水平)可知,因为有不同的经手艺术品的商人,所以原告在证明持有人知晓盗窃行为方面会有困难,这不是博物馆在诉讼中的潜在对手,A项不选;B项“他自己国家的执法人员”和C项“私人艺术品收藏家”也不是国家博物馆在回收诉讼中最可怕的潜在对手。因此该题选D。

54.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】作者态度题。题干的意思是“下列哪一项最好地描述了作者对提案的态度?”。根据题干定位到文章最后一段第一句Thus,theneedfornewlegislationtoprotectholdersofartisnotobvious.(因此,新的立法保护艺术持有者的必要性并不明显),从notobvious可以看出作者对该提案的态度是理性的反对,所以A项“理性的反对”符合题意。B项“慎重的拥护”和D项“慷慨激昂的支持”错误;C项“可怕的忧虑”有点过度解读。因此该题选A。

55.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“下列哪个选项最好地说明了文章作者认为有必要的那一类立法?”。根据最后一段Rather,whatisnecessaryislegislationremedyingthedifficultiesthatlegitimateownersofworksofart,andcountriesfromwhichsuchworkshavebeenstolen,haveinlocationandreclaimingthesestolenworks.(相反,需要的是用立法弥补艺术品的合法拥有者和被盗艺术品的国家已经找到并收回被盗艺术品的困难)可知,作者认为建立一项帮助艺术品合法拥有者和拥有国家找到并收回被盗品的法案是有必要的,所以B项“要求建立中央档案,收集和分发有关所有已报告的文化财产盗窃的资料的一项法律”符合题意。A项“要求博物馆将其出版的所有目录和学术期刊通知外国政府和文化机构的一项法律”,内容与原文无关,A项不选;C项“规定建立国家仓库以储存作为诉讼主体的艺术品的一项法律”,储存作为诉讼主体的艺术品与帮助艺术品合法拥有者和拥有国家找到并收回被盗品不相干,C项错误;D项“设立国家基金,以协助博物馆承担在回收诉讼中自卫的费用的一项法律”,根据第三段第一句However,becausesuchreclamationsuitshavenotyetbeenaproblem,thereislittlebasisforBurke’sconcern.(然而,因为这样的回收诉讼还没有成为一个问题,伯克的担心几乎没有根据)可知,关于广泛的回收诉讼还没有成为一个问题,设立国家基金是没有必要的,所以D项不选。因此该题选B。

7.单选题

Thereisalready()cleartoshowthatplantsandanimalsarebeingaffectedbyclimatechange.

问题1选项

A.witness

B.certification

C.identity

D.evidence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项witness“证人”;B选项certification“证明”;C选项identity“身份”;D选项evidence“证据”。句意:已经有明确的证据表明,动植物正受到气候变化的影响。本句表示明确的证据,因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Traditionally,pollination(授粉)bywindhasbeenviewedasareproductiveprocessmarkedbyrandomeventsinwhichthevagariesofthewindarecompensatedforbythegenerationofvastquantitiesofpollen,sothattheultimateproductionofnewseedsisassuredattheexpenseofproducingmuchmorepollenthanisactuallyused.Becausethepotentialhazardspollengrainsaresubjecttoastheyaretransportedoverlongdistancesareenormous,wind-pollinatedplantshave,intheviewabove,compensatedfortheensuinglossofpollenthroughhappenstancebyvirtueofproducinganamountofpollenthatisonetothreeordersofmagnitudegreaterthantheamountproducedbyspeciespollinatedbyinsects.

However,anumberoffeaturesthatarecharacteristicofwind-pollinatedplantsreducepollenwaste.Forexample,manywind-pollinatedspeciesfailtoreleasepollenwhenwindspeedsareloworwhenhumidconditionsprevail.Recentstudiessuggestanotherwayinwhichspeciescompensatefortheinefficiencyofwindpollination.Thesestudiessuggestthatspeciesfrequentlytakeadvantageofthephysicsofpollenmotionbygeneratingspecificaerodynamicenvironmentswithintheimmediatevicinityoftheirfemalereproductiveorgans.Itisthemorphologyoftheseorgansthatdictatesthepatternofairflowdisturbancesthroughwhichpollenmusttravel.Thespeedanddirectionoftheairflowdisturbancescancombinewiththephysicalpropertiesofaspecies’pollentoproduceaspecies-specificpatternofpollencollisiononthesurfacesoffemalereproductiveorgans.Providedthatthesesurfacesarestrategicallylocated,theconsequencesofthiscombinationcansignificantlyincreasethepollen-captureefficiencyofafemalereproductiveorgan.

Acriticalquestionthatremainstobeanswerediswhetherthemorphologicalattributesofthefemalereproductiveorgansofwind-pollinatedspeciesareevolutionaryadaptationstowindpollinationoraremerelyfortuitous.Acompleteresolutionofthequestionisasyetimpossiblesinceadaptationmustbeevaluatedforeachspecieswithinitsownuniquefunctionalcontext.However,itmustbesaidthat,whileevidenceofsuchevolutionaryadaptationsdoesexistinsomespecies,onemustbecarefulaboutattributingmorphologytoadaptation.Forexample,thespiralarrangementofscale-bractcomplexesonovule-bearingpinecones,wherethefemalereproductiveorgansofconifersarelocated,isimportanttotheproductionofairflowpatternsthatspiraloverthecone'ssurfaces,therebypassingairbornepollenfromonescaletothenext.However,thesepatternscannotbeviewedasanadaptationtowindpollinationbecausethespiralarrangementoccursinanumberofnon-wind-pollinatedplantlineagesandisregardedasacharacteristicofvascularplants,ofwhichconifersareonlyonekind,asawhole.Therefore,thespiralarrangementisnotlikelytobetheresultofadirectadaptationtowindpollination.

62.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing______.

63.Accordingtothepassage,the“aerodynamicenvironments”mentionedinparagraph2,whentheyareproduced,areprimarilydeterminedbythe______.

64.Thepassagesuggeststhattherecentstudiescitedinparagraph2havenotdonewhichofthefollowing?

65.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheclaimthatthespiralarrangementofscale-bractcomplexesonanovule-bearingpineconeisanadaptationtowindpollinationwouldbemoreconvincingifwhichofthefollowingweretrue?

问题1选项

A.thecurrentdebateonwhetherthemorphologicalattributesofwind-pollinatedplantsareevolutionaryadaptations

B.thekindsofairflowpatternsthatpermitwind-pollinatedplantstocapturepollenmostefficiently

C.thewaysinwhichthereproductiveprocessesofwind-pollinatedplantsarecontrolledbyrandomevents

D.arecentlyproposedexplanationofawayinwhichwind-pollinatedplantsreducepollenwaste

问题2选项

A.presenceofinsectsneartheplant

B.physicalpropertiesoftheplant’spollen

C.shapeoftheplant’sfemalereproductiveorgans

D.amountofpollengeneratedbytheplant

问题3选项

A.Madeanydistinctionsbetweendifferentspeciesofwind-pollinatedplants.

B.Demonstratedthatthemorphologicalattributesofthefemalereproductiveorgansofwind-pollinatedplantsareusuallyevolutionaryadaptationstowindpollination.

C.Indicatedthegeneralrangewithinwhichplant-generatedairflowdisturbancesareapttooccur.

D.Includedinvestigationsofthephysicsofpollenmotionanditsrelationshiptotheefficientcaptureofpollenbythefemalereproductiveorgansofwind-pollinatedplants.

问题4选项

A.Suchanarrangementoccurredonlyinwind-pollinatedplants.

B.Suchanarrangementoccurredinvascularplantsasawhole.

C.Suchanarrangementcouldbeshowntobebeneficialtopollenrelease.

D.Thenumberofbractscouldbeshowntohaveincreasedovertime.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】62.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】中心主旨题。题干意思是“这篇文章的作者主要是讨论……”。文章首先提出风媒传粉这一个繁殖过程,随后提出风媒传粉植物的一些特征减少了花粉的浪费并对其特征做出了论述,第三段则举例证明风媒传粉物种的雌性生殖器官的形态属性是对风媒传粉的进化适应这个问题还没有解决。通读全文可知,作者在文章中主要讨论的还是最近提出的关于风媒传粉能够减少花粉浪费这一解释,所以D项“一种最近提出的关于风媒传粉植物减少花粉浪费的解释”正确。A项“目前关于风媒传粉植物的形态属性是否是进化适应的争论”、B项“气流模式的种类允许风媒植物捕获花粉最有效”和C项“风媒传粉植物的繁殖过程受随机事件控制的方式”都只是文中提及的一部分。因此,该题选择D项正确。

63.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章,当第2段提到的‘空气动力环境’被生产时,它们主要是由______决定的”。根据题干关键词可以定位到第二段第三句Thesestudiessuggestthatspeciesfrequentlytakeadvantageofthephysicsofpollenmotionbygeneratingspecificaerodynamicenvironmentswithintheimmediatevicinityoftheirfemalereproductiveorgans.(这些研究表明,物种经常利用花粉运动的物理特性,在其雌性生殖器官附近产生特定的空气动力环境),结合第四句Itisthemorphologyoftheseorgansthatdictatesthepatternofairflowdisturbancesthroughwhichpollenmusttravel.(正是这些器官的形态决定了花粉必须通过的气流扰动的模式)可知,当空气动力环境产生时,雌性生殖器官的形态决定了这些气流的模式,所以C项“植物雌性生殖器官的形状”正确。A项“植物附近有昆虫”和D项“植物产生的花粉量”没提到,B项“植物花粉的物理特性”是空气动力环境的产生因素而并不是决定因素。因此,该题选择C项正确。

64.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“这篇文章暗示了第二段中引用的最近的研究没有完成以下哪一项?”。文章第二段描述了最近的研究得到的结果,而第三段对这个研究提出了问题,第一句指出Acriticalquestionthatremainstobeanswerediswhetherthemorphologicalattributesofthefemalereproductiveorgansofwind-pollinatedspeciesareevolutionaryadaptationstowindpollinationoraremerelyfortuitous.(一个有待回答的关键问题是,风媒传粉物种的雌性生殖器官的形态属性是对风媒传粉的进化适应还是仅仅是偶然的。),由此可以推断,第二段中引用的最近的研究并没有对风媒传粉植物雌性生殖器官的形态属性是对风媒传粉的进化适应提供有力的证明,所以B项“证明风媒传粉植物雌性生殖器官的形态属性通常是对风媒传粉的进化适应”符合题意。A项“对不同种类的风媒传粉植物进行了区分”、C项“表示植物产生的气流扰动易于发生的一般范围”和D项“包括对花粉运动的物理性质及其与风媒传粉植物雌性生殖器官有效捕捉花粉的关系的调查”都不是这个研究存在的问题。因此,该题选择B项正确。

65.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以推断出,如果下列哪一个是正确的,那么关于含有胚珠的松球的鳞苞综合体的螺旋状排列是对风授粉的适应的这种主张将更有说服力?”。根据文章倒数第二句However,thesepatternscannotbeviewedasanadaptationtowindpollinationbecausethespiralarrangementoccursinanumberofnon-wind-pollinatedplantlineagesandisregardedasacharacteristicofvascularplants,ofwhichconifersareonlyonekind,asawhole.(然而,这些模式不能被看作是对风媒传粉的适应,因为螺旋排列发生在许多非风媒传粉的植物谱系中,并被认为是维管植物的特征,而针叶树只是维管植物的一种。)可知,含有胚珠的松球的鳞苞综合体的螺旋状排列不能被看作是对风媒传粉的适应是因为螺旋排列发生在许多非风媒传粉的植物谱系中,那么可以反推,如果螺旋排列只发生在风媒传粉的植物中,这些模式就能被看作是对风媒传粉的适应,故A项“这种排列只发生在风媒传粉的植物中”正确。B项“这种排列在维管植物中作为一个整体出现”错误,维管植物是非风媒传粉的植物。C项“这样的排列可以被证明是有利于花粉释放”和D项“苞片的数量会随着时间的推移而增加”不符合题干,且在文中不能推断出来。因此,该题选择A项正确。

9.单选题

Thisisoneoftheanimalsthatcanthecoloroftheirsurroundings.

问题1选项

A.takeup

B.takein

C.takeon

D.taketo

【答案】C

【解析】词组题。A选项takeup拿起,开始从事,占据;B选项takein吸收,理解,欺骗;C选项takeon承担,呈现,具有;D选项taketo喜欢,走向,开始从事。句意:这种动物是那种可以随着环境的颜色而改变身体颜色的种类。因此,C项“呈现”符合题意。

10.单选题

Beforethe19thcentury,therewerealmostnochannelsofsocial().

问题1选项

A.mobility

B.availability

C.adaptability

D.probability

【答案】A

【解析】socialmobility为固定搭配,意为“社会流动性”。句意:十九世纪以前几乎不存在社会流动性的渠道。选项A符合语境。

11.单选题

Asaclergyman’ssonhe’d______asetofmysticalbeliefsfromthecradle.

问题1选项

A.imbibed

B.abashed

C.tampered

D.reposed

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.imbibed吸收;接收B.abashed使困窘;使羞愧,使局促不安

C.tampered干扰;破坏,篡改D.reposed休息;依靠;寄托于

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“作为一名牧师的儿子,他从小就______一套神秘的信仰”可知,空格处表示“学习,接受”符合句意,四个选项中只有A项意思符合。因此,该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】作为一名牧师的儿子,他从小就接受了一套神秘的信仰。

12.单选题

TradewithBritainandtheWestIndiesallowedcolonialseaportssuchasBostonto

问题1选项

A.postpone

B.procure

C.pursue

D.prosper

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:与英国和西印度群岛的贸易使诸如波士顿这样的殖民海港得以繁荣发展。故选D。

13.翻译题

建设民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会主义和谐社会,要广泛团结一切可以团结的力量,充分调动一切积极因素,激发全社会的创造活力;要妥善处理各方面利益关系,让全体人民共享改革和建设的成果;要正确处理改革发展稳定的关系,努力为经济社会持续发展创造有利条件和良好环境。

【答案】答:

Tobuildasocialistsocietythatisdemocraticandlaw-based,fairandjust,trustworthyandfriendly,fullofvigorandvitality,secureandorderly,andinwhichmanandnatureareinharmony,weneedtouniteallforcesthatcanbeunited,bringallpositivefactorsintofullplayandstimulatethecreativityoftheentiresociety.Weneedtoproperlybalancetheinterestsofallquartersandensurethateveryonesharesthefruitsofreformanddevelopment.Wealsoneedtobalancereform,developmentandstabilityandstrivetocreatefavorableconditionsandagoodclimateforsustainedeconomicandsocialdevelopment.

14.单选题

Manyyearshad()beforetheyreturnedtotheiroriginalurbanareas.

问题1选项

A.floated

B.elapsed

C.preceded

D.proceeded

【答案】B

【解析】float漂流;elapse时间流逝;precede领先,在…之前;proceed开始,继续进行。句意:许多年过去了,他们才回到原来的城市。这里指时间流逝,所以选项B正确。

15.单选题

Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthehistorybooksaregreatconquerorsandgeneralsandsoldiers,whereasthepeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardareoftennevermentionedatall.Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenleg,ormaturedafield;butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.Ithinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.

Itisjustpossibletheyare,buttheyarenotthemostcivilized.Tobegoodatfightingistobegoodinthewaywhichananimalorasavageisgood,butitisnottobecivilized.Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficientlyisnotbeingcivilized.Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,andcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbeseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheotherside,andthensayingthatthesidewhichhaskilledthemosthaswon.Andnotonlyhaswon,but,becauseithaswon,hasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.

Thatiswhatthestoryofmankindhasonthewholebeenlike.Evenourownagehasfoughtthetwogreatestwarsinhistory,inwhichmillionsofpeoplewerekilledorseriouslyinjured.Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopleinthestreets—while,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife—nationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyet,andstillbehavelikesavages.

Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afterall,theraceofmenhasonlyjuststarted.Mankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlife.Thepastofmanhasbeenonthewholeaprettybeastlybusiness.Wemustnotexpectevencivilizedpeoplesnottohavedonethesethings.Allwecanaskisthattheywillsometimeshavedonesomethingelse.

41.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcasesmayberegardedasanadvancementofcivilization?

42.Inthefirstsentenceofparagraph2,“Itisjustpossibletheyare”meansthat().

43.Theauthorsuggeststhatcivilizedpeopleshouldsettledisputesby().

44.Intheauthor’sview,thenationsandcountriesoftoday().

45.Bythelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat().

问题1选项

A.Theactofconqueringtheothernations.

B.Theabilitytogetotherstofightforyou.

C.Thebreakingoflegs.

D.Thewaytofertilizeafield.

问题2选项

A.itispossiblethatmostpeoplebelieveinthegreatestcountries

B.itispossiblethattheconquerorsarethegreatestcountries

C.itispossiblethatthegreatestcountriesmaybeatthegreatestnumberofcountries

D.itispossiblethattheconquerorscanruleoverothercountries

问题3选项

A.goingtowars

B.gainingtheright

C.havingthemight

D.adoptingnon-violentways

问题4选项

A.arequitefriendlytooneanother

B.cankeeptherulesandbehaveproperly

C.arestillfightingagainstoneanother

D.knowhowtosettledisputes

问题5选项

A.peoplearebornsavageandit’shardforthemtochange

B.civilizationisathingthatcannotbeexpectedtoomuch

C.civilizedpeoplewillneverdoanysavagethings

D.humanbeingswillforwardthecivilizationastheymature

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】41.推理判断题。A选项“征服其他国家的行为”,第一段Ithinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatest

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