考研考博-英语-昭通学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-昭通学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Accordingtodoctors,ifonecan

thebottleandcigarettes,onecanusuallybemuchhealthier.

问题1选项

A.takeoff

B.keepoff

C.getoff

D.leaveoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。takeoff“起飞；离开”；keepoff“让开；不接近”；getoff“动身”；leaveoff“停止”。句意：根据医生的说法，如果一个人能远离烟酒，他会更健康。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute（

）ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassusby.

问题1选项

A.fiction

B.function

C.fraction

D.friction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fiction“小说，虚构的事”；function“功能，职能”；fraction“小部分，少量”；friction“摩擦，冲突”。句意：我们只能察觉到被我们感官所接收的很少一部分的景象和声音，而忽视了大部分。选项C符合题意。

3.翻译题

1999年，中国开始进入老龄化社会。2004年年底,60岁以上的人口达到1.43亿，占全国人口总数的10.97%。至此，中国成为世界上拥有最多老龄人口的国家。有专家说1990年到2033年是中国的“人口红利”(populationbonus)期,出生率下降，老龄人口还不算太多，这一时期是有助于经济发展的。

2010年到2013年中国劳动力人口将达到9亿人，在这之后“红利”会变成“赤字”，也就是说，这以后需要照顾的老龄人口会迅速增加。据说2030年后的二十年是中国老龄化最严峻的时期。因此，要做好充分准备，好好利用人口红利期来解决严重的老龄化问题。

有报告称，中国是典型的成为富裕国家前就面临老龄化社会的国家。这是长期的问题，也需要很长时间才能解决。中国一直坚持计划生育政策，人口增长的趋势得到了有效的控制。据估计，中国到2030年的总人口将达到14.65亿，届时会面临老龄化和人口出生率下降两大压力，这也一定会给国家的经济和社会发展带来巨大的压力。

这份报告还指出，中国在解决老龄化问题的意识、条件及法规上都严重滞后，因此，必须把这个问题的解决纳人到未来国家发展策略中。我们要及早关注老龄化人口的医疗资源，完善社会保障体系。在老龄人口达到顶峰前，建立一个健全的国家性社会保障机制。

【答案】Since1999,Chinahasenteredintoasituationoftheagingsociety.Therewillbe143millionChineseaged60orover,accountingfor10.97percentofthepopulationtotheendof2004.Atthispoint,ChinabecamethecountrywhohavethelargestnumberofAgingpopulation.SomeexpertssaythatitisChina’spopulationbonusbetween1990and2033whenbirthrateisdecreasedandthenumberofoldpeopleisnottoomuch,whichhelpstodeveloptheeconomies.

Thetotalworkingagepopulationwillreach900millionfrom2010to2013.Afterthat,the“populationbonus”willturn“demographicdeficit”,whichmeansthatcaringfortheincreasingnumberofelderlypeoplewillgrowsrapidly.ItissaidthattheworstofthecrisisforChina’sagingpopulationhitthetwentyyearsafter2030.Therefore,weshouldbewellpreparedsoastodealwiththeseriousproblemofagednessbymakingfulluseofpopulationdividend.

Chinaisthetypicalcountryfacingtheagingpopulationbeforebeingrichoneaccordingtoareport.It’sgoingtobeaperennialproblemandcouldtakealongtimetoresolve.Chinahasstucktoitsfamily-planningpolicytoefficientlycontrolthetendencyofincreasingpopulation.ItisestimatedthatChina’stotalpopulationwillreach1.465billionin2030whenthegovernmentwouldfaceanagingpopulationandadecreasedbirthrate,whichwillalsoblockthedevelopmentofeconomyandsociety.

Thereportalsopointsoutthatforchinathereareseriouslagsintheconsciousness,therealityofconditionsandtherelevantregulationsaboutagingpopulation,andthusweshouldputitintotheoverallnationaldevelopmentstrategiclayout.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothemedicalresourcesontheagingpopulationsasearlyaspossible,improvethesocialsafetynet,andsetuptheall-sidedguaranteeingsystembeforetheagingpopulationreachesthepeak.

4.单选题

Electricvehiclesarepotentialgamechangersintransportation,asectorwhich（

）largestshareofoilconsumption.

问题1选项

A.poses

B.assumes

C.represents

D.owes

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。pose意为“产生，提出，摆好姿势”；assume意为“假定，认为”；represent意为“代表”；owe意为“欠，归功于，应给予”。

句意：电动汽车是交通运输中潜在的游戏变革者，是占石油消费比重最大的部门。

5.单选题

Whilehiseffortsweretremendoustheresultsappearedtobevery（）.

问题1选项

A.trigger

B.meager

C.vigor

D.linger

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。trigger诱发meager贫瘠的vigor精力linger消磨，徘徊。句意：尽管他付出了巨大努力，但是结果却不令人满意(收获很小)答案B。while表转折，可知前后形成对比。

6.单选题

Hehadheardtheverybadnews;butwhenhespoke,he______hisremarkstoafewhintsthatsaleshadslipped.

问题1选项

A.bound

B.polished

C.optimized

D.confined

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项bound“绑；装订；包扎；凝固”；B选项polished“抛光，擦亮；修改，润色；（使）完美，改进”；C选项optimized“优化；持乐观态度；使最优化，使完善”；D选项confined“限制，使局限；禁止离开，关押；卧床分娩”。句意：他听到了这个坏消息，但当他对员工们讲话时，他把自己的话______在一些暗示销售下滑的迹象上。此处填“限制”一词最符合句意，所以D选项正确。

7.单选题

Theelectricshaver（）beforeitcanbeused.

问题1选项

A.needsrepairing

B.shouldbeinrepair

C.hastoberepairable

D.mustrepair

【答案】A

【解析】考查被动语态。electricshaver和repair是被动的关系，电动刮胡刀只能被修。A选项need做实义动词时，主语若是物，动词则要用动名词或不定式的被动形式作宾语，故A选项正确。B、C、D选项均没有被动意义。句意：电动剃须刀需要修理才能使用。因此,本题的正确答案是A选项。

8.单选题

Thefutureofthiscompanywillbevery（

）iftheykeeplosingmoney.

问题1选项

A.rotten

B.foul

C.dreary

D.bleak

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】形容词辨析题。A选项rotten“腐烂的、堕落的”；B选项foul“犯规的、邪恶的、污秽的”；C选项dreary“沉闷的、枯燥的；黯淡的”；D选项bleak“阴冷的；黯淡的、无希望的”。分析句子结构，主句是系表结构的句子，主语是“thefutureofthiscompany公司的前途”，空格部分是表语，根据if后面的意思“如果他们继续亏本的话”可知，空格部分单词意思为“黯淡的，没有希望的”，句意为：如果他们继续亏本的话，这家公司的前途将非常黯淡。故正确答案选D。

9.单选题

Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnodenyingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredor_______bytheteacher.

问题1选项

A.exaggerated

B.discounted

C.overestimated

D.verified

【答案】B

【解析】exaggerated夸大,言过其实的;discounted打折的;overestimated过高评价的;verified核实的。句意：无论我们多么重视学校生活,不可否认的事实是孩子们呆在家里的时间比在教室里的时间多。因此,父母的巨大影响是不能被老师忽视或者大打折扣的。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Whydoescreamgobadfasterthanbutter?Someresearchersthinktheyhavetheanswer,anditcomesdowntothestructureofthefood,notitschemicalcomposition—afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.

Creamandbuttercontainprettymuchthesamesubstances,sowhycreamshouldsourmuchfasterhasbeenamystery.Bothareemulsions—tinyglobules（小球体）ofoneliquidevenlydistributedthroughoutanother.Thedifferenceliesinwhat’sintheglobulesandwhat’sinthesurroundingliquid,saysBrocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.

Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.“Thismeansthatincream,thebacteriaarefreetogrowthroughoutthemixture.”Hesays.

Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartmentsburieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.Theyalsoslowlypoisonthemselveswiththeirwasteproducts.“Inbutter,yougetaself-limitingsystemwhichstopsthehoteliergrowing.”SaysBrocklehurst.

Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.

1.ThesignificanceofBrocklehurst’sresearchisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtotheresearchers,creamsoursfasterthanbutterbecausebacteria

（

）.

3.AccordingtoBrocklehurst,wecankeepcreamfreshby

（

）.

4.Theword‘‘colonies’’refersto

（

）.

5.Commercialapplicationoftheresearchfindingwillbepossibleifsaladcreamcanbemaderesistanttobacterialattack（

）.

问题1选项

A.itsuggestedawaytokeepsomefoodsfreshwithoutpreservatives

B.itdiscoveredtinyglobulesinbothcreamandbutter.

C.itrevealedthesecretofhowbacteriamultiplyincreamandbutter.

D.itfoundthatcreamandbuttersharethesamechemicalcomposition

问题2选项

A.aremoreevenlydistributedincream

B.multiplymoreeasilyincreamthaninbutter

C.liveonlessfatincreamthaninbutter

D.producelesswasteincreamthaninbutter

问题3选项

A.removingitsfat

B.killingthebacteria

C.reducingitswatercontent

D.alteringitsstructure

问题4选项

A.tinyglobules

B.bacteriacommunities

C.wateryregions

D.littlecompartment

问题5选项

A.byvaryingitschemicalcomposition

B.byturningitintoasolidhump

C.whilekeepingitsstructureunchanged

D.whileretainingitsliquidform

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“Brocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.”，可知对于为什么奶油比黄油坏的问题的研究是由Brocklehurst主导的。又根据文章第一段，“afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.”，可知对这一问题研究的结果和发现，有助于帮助去除一些加工食品中的化学防腐剂。可判断出Brocklehurst的研究的意义在于提供了一种可以不使用防腐剂而使某些食品保持新鲜的方法。因此选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.”，可知在奶油中，脂肪球在水中漂浮。在黄油中，水样溶液的小球被锁在脂肪中。而使食物变坏的细菌更喜欢生活在混合物的含水区域。可判断出在奶油中，细菌更容易在这种混合物中生存繁殖，所以奶油会更快变质。因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.”，可知研究人员已经在与食品公司合作，希望能通过改变食物的结构使其具有抵抗细菌攻击的能力。可判断出研究者Brocklehurst表示，我们可以通过改变食物的结构来使奶油保险，抵抗细菌入侵。因此选项D符合题意。

4.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartmentsburieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.”，可知当情况发生逆转时，细菌被锁在深埋在脂肪海洋中的隔间里。根据trappedinthisway可判断出，此句是对上一句情况的继续描述，所以非谓语动词的逻辑主语仍然不会改变，这里的colonies和上文的bacteria是同一事物，都为主语。可判断出colonies也是指细菌。因此选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.”，可知Brocklehurst认为将有可能制造出用于沙拉酱中的乳剂，就像用于黄油的乳剂一样。关键是在保持沙拉酱液体的状态，而不是变成固体块。可判断出如果能使沙拉酱在保持液态的状态下能同时抵抗细菌的侵袭，那么这项研究成果将有可能用于商业用途，所以关键在于是要保持液体状态。因此选项D符合题意。

11.翻译题

随着中世纪结构的崩溃和现代生产方式的兴起，劳动的意义和作用发生了根本性的变化，这在新教国家表现的尤为突出。因为人对刚刚获得的自由感到不知所措，心里老是想着如何以一种狂热的活动来消除自己的疑虑和恐惧。这种活动无论成功或是失败都将决定他的灵魂能否获救，表明他是灵魂得救者。劳动本身不再能给人带来满足感和快乐，而是变成了一种责任和强迫性的活动。劳动致富的可能性越大，劳动就越会成为纯粹获得财富和成功的一种手段。用麦克斯•韦伯的话来说，在“内心深处追名逐利的苦行主义”的体系中，劳动变成了主要的因素，成了解决人的孤单和封闭感的一种办法。

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【答案】WiththecollapsingofthestructureofMiddleAgesandtherisingofthemodernproductionmodel,thefundamentalchangeshavetakenplaceinthesignificanceandfunctionoflabor,whichisparticularlyoutstandingintheProtestantcountries,becausepeoplefeeloverwhelmedbythefreedomtheyhavejustobtained,andkeepwonderinghowtoeliminatetheirowndoubtsandfearsinacrazyactivity.Whetheritissuccessfulornot,thisactivitywilldeterminewhetherhissoulcanberescuedanddemonstratethatheorsheistheonewhosesoulhasbeensavedortheonelost.Laboritselfcannotbringsatisfactionandhappinesstopeopleanylonger,butithasbecomeakindofresponsibilityandcompulsiveactivity.Thegreaterthechanceofmakingfortunebyworkingis,themorechanceoflaborbecomingawayofpurelyobtainingwealthandsuccess.JustasMaxWebersays,inthesystemof“autoeroticismofseekingfameandgaininginthedepthofone’sheart”,thelaborhasbecomethemainfactorandthesolutiontothelonelinessandself-closingofpeople.

12.单选题

Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditionalsenseoftheterm.Theoldprotectionismreferredonlytotraderestrictingandtradeexpandingdevices,suchasthetarifforexportsubsidy.Thenewprotectionismismuchbroaderthanthis:itincludesinterventionsintoforeigntradebutisnotlimitedtothem.Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade.Theemphasisontradeisstillthere,thuscametheterm“protection.”Butwhatisnewistherealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.

TheemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworldreflectsthevictoryoftheinterventionist,orwelfareeconomyoverthemarketeconomy.JabTumilerwrites,“Theoldprotectionism...coexisted,withoutanyapparentintellectualdifficultywiththeacceptanceofthemarketasanationalaswellasaninternationaleconomicdistributionmechanism-indeed,protectionistsaswellas(ifnotmorethan)freetradersstoodforlaissezfaire.Now,asinthe1930s,protectionismisanexpressionofaprofoundskepticismastotheabilityofthemarkettodistributeresourcesandincomestosocieties’satisfaction.”Itispreciselythisprofoundskepticismofthemarketeconomythatisresponsiblefortheprotectionism.Inamarketeconomy,economicchangeofvariouscolorsimpliesredistributionofresourcesandincomes.Thesameopinioninmanycommunitiesapparentlyisthatsuchredistributionsoftenarenotproper.Therefore,thegovernmentintervenestobringaboutamoredesiredresult.

ThevictoryofthewelfarestateisalmostcompleteinnorthernEurope.InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.GovernmenttraditionallyhasplayedaveryactiveroleineconomiclifeinFranceandcontinuedtodoso.OnlyWestGermanydarestogoagainstthetidetowardsexcessiveinterventionisminWesternEurope.ItalsohappenstobethemostsuccessfulWesternEuropeaneconomy.

ThewelfarestatehasmadesignificantprogressintheUnitedStatesaswellasinWesternEurope.Socialsecurity,unemploymentinsurance,minimumwagelaws,andrentcontrolarebynowtraditionalwelfarestateelementsontheAmericanscene.

1.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing______.

2.Theword“virtually”(ParA.1)isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTacharacteristicofawelfarestatementionedinthispassage?

4.Whichofthefollowinginferencesistrue,accordingtothispassage?

5.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

问题1选项

A.thedefinitionofthenewprotectionism

B.thedifferencebetweennewandoldprotectionism

C.theemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworld

D.thesignificanceofthewelfarestate

问题2选项

A.genuinely

B.really

C.nearly

D.particularly

问题3选项

A.Freeeducationisavailabletoachild

B.Lawsaremadetofixtheminimumwage

C.Ajoblesspersoncanbeinsured

D.Thereareregulationsforrent

问题4选项

A.Theeconomydevelopedfasterinwelfarestatesthaninnon-welfarestates

B.Inthe1930s,protectionismbegantorise

C.Thenewprotectionismissocalledmainlybecauseitisthelatest

D.GovernmentplaysamoreactiveroleineconomiclifeinNorthernEuropethaninGreatBritain

问题5选项

A.Whendidthenewprotectionismarise

B.WhyisthenewprotectionismsopopularinnorthernEuropeancountries

C.Whydoesthegovernmentinterveneineconomiclife

D.DoestheAmericangovernmentplayamoreactiveroleineconomiclifethantheBritishgovernment

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文，可知是“新保护主义”的出现以及产生的结果。A选项“新保护主义的定义”过于片面，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“新旧保护主义的区别”也是讲述了一个方面，也可排除。D选项“福利国家的意义”也不符合题意，可排除，因此C选项“西方新保护主义的兴起”正确。

2.词义辨析题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“therealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.”中文翻译为：几乎所有政府活动都会影响国际经济关系。A选项“真诚地；真正地”，B选项“真正地”，C选项“几乎”，D选项“尤其”。根据“政府的一切活动都会影响国际经济关系”，这句话太过于绝对，可排除A、B选项，D选项与题意不符，也可排除，由此可知C选项正确。

3.推理判断题。由题干关键词“awelfarestate”可定位到文中最后两段，中文翻译：福利国家的胜利在北欧几乎已经完成。在瑞典、挪威、芬兰、丹麦和荷兰，政府对经济和社会生活几乎所有方面的干预都被认为是正常的。在英国，这只是稍微有点不真实。在法国，政府传统上在经济生活中扮演着非常积极的角色，并将继续这样做。只有西德胆敢逆着西欧过度干预主义的潮流而动。它也是最成功的西欧经济体。福利国家在美国和西欧都取得了重大进展。社会保障、失业保险、最低工资法和租金管制现在都是美国社会的传统福利要素。A选项“儿童可以接受免费教育”不符合上述列表。B选项“最低工资法”、C“失业者投保”、D选项“租房有规定”均符合美国传统福利要素。因此A选项正确。

4.推理判断题。通读全文，A选项“福利国家的经济比非福利国家发展得更快”，文中并未提及，可排除。B选项“20世纪30年代，保护主义开始兴起”。与句中“在20世纪30年代，保护主义是对市场分配资源和收入以使社会满意的能力的一种深刻怀疑的表现”不符，也可排除。C选项“所谓新保护主义，主要是因为它是最新的”，理解错误，不符合题意，也可排除。D选项“在北欧，政府在经济生活中扮演着比英国更积极的角色”，可定位到文中第三段“InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.”中文翻译：在瑞典、挪威、芬兰、丹麦和荷兰，政府对经济和社会生活

几乎所有方面的干预都被认为是正常的。在英国，这只是稍微有点不真实。可推测，英国对于经济的干涉较少。因此可知D选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。通读全文，A选项“新的保护主义是什么时候出现的？”，文章第一段对“新保护主义的兴起”一笔带过，可排除A选项。B选项“为什么新的保护主义在北欧国家如此流行？”，理解片面，排除。C选项“政府为什么要干预经济生活？”，可定位到文中第一段“Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade”中文翻译：新保护主义指的是政府对私营经济的整体干预如何影响国际贸易。因此C选项正确。D选项“美国政府在经济生活中的作用是否比英国政府更为积极？”理解片面，可排除。综上所述，C选项为正确答案。

13.翻译题

当前我国经济发展的势头良好，经济增长基本做到了速度、质量和效益的平衡。但是，我们应该淸醒地看到，世界上没有一个国家的经济发展会长盛不衰，会永远保持高速度，中国也不例外。改革开放取得的成就是有目共睹的，但是，随着经济形势的变化，又出现了一些新的矛盾和问题，比如，国企改革问题、失业率高问题、金融风险问题以及生态环境破坏问题等。这些问题都需要我们高度重视，尽快找到有效的解决办法。

【答案】Oureconomyisdoingreallywell;wehavebasicallystruckabalancebetweenspeed,qualityandeconomicbenefitintermsofeconomicgrowth.Butweshouldbesoberlyawarethatthereisnocountryintheworldthatcanperpetuateaneconomicboomandhigh-speedgrowth,soChinawillnotbeanexception.TheachievementsofChina’sreformandopening-uphavebeenthereforalltosee,butastheeconomicclimatechanges,somenewcontradictionsandproblemsemergesagain,suchasthereformofthestate-ownedenterprises,highunemploymentrate,financialrisk,ecologicalandenvironmentaldamage,etc.Alloftheseproblemsrequireustopayhighattentiontoandfindeffectivesolutionsassoonaspossible.

14.单选题

Idon’tbelieveyouaregoingtohavethematterlookedintotoday,（）?

问题1选项

A.areyou

B.doyou

C.aren’tyou

D.don’tyou

【答案】A

【解析】考查反义疑问句用法。题干属于陈述部分为主从复合句的反义疑问句。一般有两种情况：当陈述部分为主从复合句“主语+从句”时，疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致，如HeknowsthatwhereIlive,doesn’the？；当陈述部分为Ithink（believe,suppose）that...等时，疑问部分通常与从句保持一致，如Idon’tthinkhewillcome,willhe?题干陈述部分为Idon’tbelieve(that)...从句部分为youaregoingtohave...，因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

MakingEveryDropCount

AThehistoryofhumancivilizationisentwinedwiththehistoryofthewayswehavelearnedtomanipulatewaterresources.Astownsgraduallyexpanded,waterwasbroughtfromincreasinglyremotesources,leadingtosophisticatedengineeringeffortssuchasdamsandaqueducts.AttheheightoftheRomanEmpire,ninemajorsystems,withaninnovativelayoutofpipesandwell-builtsewers,suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.

BDuringtheindustrialrevolutionandpopulationexplosionofthe19thand20thcenturies,thedemandforwaterrosedramatically.Unprecedentedconstructionoftensofthousandsofmonumentalengineeringprojectsdesignedtocontrolfloods,protectcleanwatersupplies,andprovidewaterforirrigationandhydropowerbroughtgreatbenefitstohundredsofmillionsofpeople.Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.Nearlyonefifthofalltheelectricitygeneratedworldwideisproducedbyturbinesspunbythepoweroffallingwater.

CYetthereisadarksidetothispicture,despiteourprogress,halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.AstheUnitedNationsreportonaccesstowaterreiteratedinNovember2001,morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater,sometwoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-relateddiseaseskillanestimated10,000to20,0000childreneveryday,andthelatestevidencesuggeststhatwearefallingbehindineffortstosolvetheseproblems.

DTheconsequencesofourwaterpoliciesextendbeyondjeopardizinghumanhealth.Tensofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenforcedtomovefromtheirhomes—oftenwithlittlewarningorcompensation—tomakewayforthereservoirsbehinddams.Morethan20%ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwaterwithdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.Certainirrigationpracticesdegradesoilqualityandreduceagriculturalproductivity.GroundwateraquifersarebeingpumpeddownfasterthantheyarenaturallyreplenishedinpartsofIndia,China,theUSAandelsewhere.Anddisputesoversharedwaterresourceshaveledtoviolenceandcontinuetoraiselocal,nationalandeveninternationaltensions.

EAttheoutsetofthenewmillennium,however,thewayresourceplannersthinkaboutwaterisbeginningtochange.Thefocusisslowlyshiftingbacktotheprovisionofbasichumanandenvironmentalneedsastoppriorityensuring‘someforall’，insteadof‘moreforsome’.Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities,whichisincreasinglyconsideredtheoptionoflast,notfirst,resort.Thisshiftinphilosophyhasnotbeenuniversallyaccepted,anditcomeswithstrongoppositionformsomeestablishedwaterorganizations.Nevertheless,itmaybetheonlywaytoaddresssuccessfullythepressingproblemsofprovidingeveryonewithcleanwatertodrink,adequatewatertogrowfoodandalifefreefrompreventablewater-relatedillness.

FFortunately—andunexpectedly—thedemandforwaterisnotrisingasrapidlyassomepredicted.Asaresult,thepressuretobuildnewwaterinfrastructureshasdiminishedoverthepasttwodecades.Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.Andinafewpartsoftheworld,demandhasactuallyfallen.

GWhatexplainsthisremarkableturnofevents?Twofactors:peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermoreefficiently,andcommunitiesarerethinkingtheirprioritiesforwateruse.Throughoutthefirstthree-quartersofthe20thcentury,thequantityoffreshwaterconsumedperpersondoubledonaverage;intheUSA，waterwithdrawalsincreasedtenfoldwhilethepopulationquadrupled.Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.In1965,forinstance,Japanusedapproximately13milliongallonsofwatertoproduce$1millionofcommercialoutput;by1989thishaddroppedto3.5milliongallons(evenaccountingforinflation)—almostaquadruplingofwaterproductivity.IntheUSA,waterwithdrawalshavefallenbymorethan20%fromtheirpeakin1980.

HOntheotherhand,dams,aqueductsandotherkindsofinfrastructurewillstillhavetobebuilt,particularlyindevelopingcountrieswherebasichumanneedshavenotbeenmet.Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.Andeveninregionswherenewprojectsseemwarranted,wemustfindwaystomeetdemandswithfewerresources,respectingecologicalcriteriaandtoasmallerbudget.

1.WateruseperpersonishigherintheindustrialworldthanitwasinAncientRome.

2.Feedingincreasingpopulationsispossibledueprimarilytoimprovedirrigationsystems.

3.ModernwatersystemsimitatethoseoftheancientGreeksandRomans.

4.Industrialgrowthisincreasingtheoveralldemandforwater.

5.Moderntechnologieshaveledtoareductionindomesticwaterconsumption.

问题1选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

问题2选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

问题3选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

问题4选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

问题5选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章A段，“suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.”，为罗马居民提供的人均用水量，相当于当今工业世界许多地区的人均用水量。Asmuchas和表述中的higher相反，可判断出工业世界的人均用水量和古罗马时期相当，表述错误。

2.根据文章B段，“Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.”，粮食产量的激增带来了人口的增长，主要原因是人工灌溉系统的扩大，这使得世界40%的粮食产量得以增长。可判断出主要由于灌溉系统的改善，养活越来越多的人口成为可能，表述正确。

3.根据文章C段，“halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.”，世界上一半的人口仍在遭受水资源不足的痛苦，供水服务不如古希腊和古罗马人。文中并未提及现代是否模仿了古希腊和古罗马的供水系统，所以表述在文中并未体现。

4.根据文章F段，“Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.”，尽管发达国家的人口、工业产出和经济生产力继续增长，但人们从蓄水层、河流和湖泊取水的速度已经放缓。所以工业的增长并没有使人们增加对水的需求，表述错误。

5.根据文章G段，“Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.”，自1980年以来，由于一系列有利于家庭和工业节水的新技术，人均用水量实际上已经呈下降趋势。可判断出现代技术确实已经导致了人们生活用水量的减少，表述正确。

16.单选题

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood（）theircleanness,toughnessandlowcost.

问题1选项

A.byvirtueof

B.bymeansof

C.atsightof

D.bywayof

【答案】A

【解析】介词词义辨析。byvirtueof"由于,凭借";bymeansof"用,依靠";atsightof"一看见";bywayof"经由,当作"。句意：塑料袋可用来装各种食品,因为它清洁、耐用又价廉。选项A符合句意。

17.单选题

Thesheepwerehuddledintoa（）toprotectthemfromovernightfrosts.

问题1选项

A.hutch

B.pen

C.cage

D.kennel

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。hutch“笼子”；pen“围栏”；cage“笼子”；kennel“动物住的屋舍”。句意：羊蜷缩在羊圈里来保护自己从而不受夜晚严寒的侵袭。选项D符合题意。

18.翻译题

人们现在感到不满意，不是因为事情比以往更糟，而是因为比以往任何时候都好。以婚姻为例，在加利福尼亚，十对夫妇中有约六对离婚——在一些较富裕的社区这个比例还要高一些。必须承认，这些数字反映出许多不满。但人们从未像现在这样渴望和欢迎婚姻。的确，婚姻是如此地引人入胜，连很多正在办离婚的人几乎等不及法律许可，就想再度结婚了。

【答案】【参考译文】Peoplearediscontentedthesedays,notbecausethingsareworsethanever,butbecausethingsarebetterthanever.Takemarriageforexample.InCaliforniathereareaboutsixdivorcesforeverytenmarriages—evenhigherinsomeofthebettercommunities.Onemustadmitthatagoo