考研考博-英语-新余学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新余学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere,thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle.Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes,ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother.Amid-oceanridgeisaboundarybetweenplateswherenewlithosphericmaterialisinjectedfrombelow.AStheplatesdivergefromamid-oceanridgetheyslideonamoreyieldinglayeratthebaseofthelithosphere.

SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.Thesiteofthisdestructionisanotherkindofplateboundary:asubductionzone.Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.Bothkindsofplateboundaryareassociatedwithfaultsystems,earthquakesandvolcanism,butthekindsofgeologicactivityobservedatthetwoboundariesarequitedifferent.

Theideaofsea-foodspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.Asmagmarisesunderthemid-oceanridge,ferromagneticmineralsinthemagmabecomemagnetizedinthedirectionofthegeomagneticfield.Whenthemagmacooksandsolidifies,thedirectionandthepolarityofthefieldarepreservedinthemagnetizedvolcanicrock.Reversalsofthefieldgiverisetoaseriesofmagneticstripesrunningparalleltotheaxisoftherift.Theoceaniccrustthusservesasamagnetictaperecordingofthehistoryofthegeomagneticfieldthatcanbedatedindependentlythewidthofthestripesindicatestherateofthesea-floorspreading.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereareapproximatelyhowmanylithosphericplates?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttectonicplates?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthelithosphereisLEASTlikelytobetrue?

5.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheperiodicreversaloftheEarth’smagneticfield?

问题1选项

A.Magneticfieldreversal.

B.Theformationofmagma.

C.Thelocationofmid-oceanridges.

D.Platetectonictheory.

问题2选项

A.Six.

B.Twelve.

C.Twenty-fourormore.

D.Onethousandninehundred.

问题3选项

A.Theyaremovinginrelationshiptooneother.

B.Theyhaveunchangingborders.

C.Theyarelocatedfarbeneaththelithosphere.

D.Theyhavethesameshape.

问题4选项

A.ItisarelativelyinflexiblelayeroftheEarth.

B.Itismadeupentirelyofvolcanicash.

C.ItincludesthecrustandsomeofthemantleoftheEarth.

D.Itisdividedintoplatesofvariousshapesandsizes.

问题5选项

A.Itisinexplicable.

B.Itsupportsthehypothesisofsea-floorspreading.

C.Itwasdiscoverybeforethe1960’s.

D.Itindicatestheamountofmagmapresent.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段第一句交代了Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere（板块构造理论描述的是岩石圈的运动），随后对此话题进行展开，D选项“板块构造理论”正确，A选项“磁场逆转”，B选项“岩浆的形成”和C选项“洋中海脊的位置”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes（岩石圈被划分为几十个大小和形状各异的板块），可知C选项“24个或更多”符合题意。A选项“6”，B选项“12”和D选项“1900”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother（通常这些板块都处于相对运动中），可知A选项“它们在相对位移”正确。B选项“它们的边界不变”和D选项“它们的形状相同”：根据第二段第二、三句Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.（在那里，一块板块俯冲到另一块板块的边缘之下并与地幔结合在一起。），可知边界会改变，形状也不会相同。C选项“它们位于岩石圈深处”：根据第一段第一句Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere（板块构造理论描述岩石圈的运动），可知板块构造包括整个岩石圈。因此A选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.（在20世纪60年代它的理论雏形中，描述了海底的生成和毁灭，但没有详细介绍坚硬的岩石圈板块。），可知这一段讲述的是海洋中岩石圈的情况，不是所有的，没有普遍性，B选项“它完全由火山灰构成”过于绝对，不符合文章内容。A选项“它是地球上一个相对不灵活的层”：根据第二段第一句SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.（由于地球的大小本质上是不变的，只有同等数量的岩石圈物质在其它地方被吞没，新的岩石圈才能生成。），可知岩石圈物质总体没有质的变化，只有数的变化，所以即使有生有灭，但是相对不灵活，符合文章内容。C选项“它包括地球的地壳和部分地幔”：根据第一段第一句thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle（岩石圈是相对坚硬的地球外层，包括全部地壳和部分地幔。），可知符合文章内容。D选项“它被分成各种形状和大小的板块”：根据第一段第二句Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes（岩石圈被划分为几十个大小和形状各异的板块），可知符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Theideaofsea-foodspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.（海产品传播的观点实际上早于板块构造理论。）和第三句ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.（这个假设不久之后为发现所证实。该发现表明地球磁场周期性的逆转被记录在海洋地壳中。），可知作者讲述地球磁场的周期性逆转是为了支持海底扩张假说，B选项“支持海底扩张假说”正确，A选项“这无法解释”错误。C选项“在20世纪60年代之前被发现”：根据第三段第二句Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s（在20世纪60年代，它的理论雏形中），可知这是在20世纪60年代被发现而非在这之前。D选项“它表明岩浆的数量”。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethattheGovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek:“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.

Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.

TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.

36.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto___.

37.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto___.

38.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto___.

39.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe___.

40.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause___.

问题1选项

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad

D.developmorequicklythanatpresent

问题2选项

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

C.helptheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize

问题3选项

A.thedevelopmentofindustry

B.agrowthinpopulation

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme

D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns

问题4选项

A.alargereductiononunemployment

B.agrowthinthetouristindustry

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries

问题5选项

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety

D.theyregardoilasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】36.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised)（挪威政府正在尽最大努力控制石油工业。一项新的法律限制了人们只能在漫长的海岸线南端以南地区进行勘探；制定了生产限额（尽管已经提高））可知B选项“减缓它的发展速度”正确；第一段andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers（石油公司雇佣外国工人的数量不得超过一定数量）可知A选项“为外国工人提供更多的工作机会”和原文相悖；C选项“出售它在国外生产的石油”以及D选项“比现在发展得更快”为原文所提及。因此B选项正确。

37.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段第一句TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.（挪威政府正在尽最大努力控制石油工业）以及第一段第三句Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblemsandfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.（但石油行业有一种克服这些问题的方法，很少有人相信政府能够长期维持现状）可以推测出政府努力维持现状，选D选项“保持石油工业接近目前规模”，同时可知A选项“鼓励石油公司发现新的石油资源”和C选项“帮助石油公司解决许多问题”与原文相悖；B选项“阻止石油公司雇佣来自挪威北部的人”原文未提及，排除。因此D选项正确。

38.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段末尾Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.（但是石油工业已经开始把人们吸引到南方，不出几年，整个北方政策可能会崩溃）可知选C选项“发展方案的失败”，同时可知A选项“工业的发展”以及B选项“人口增长”和原文相悖；D选项“新城镇的发展”未提及，排除。因此C选项正确。

39.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第三段Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.（然而，石油工业的影响将不限于北方。由于将近百分之百就业率，每个人都能看出一种发展中的情况：服务行业和旅游行业的大部分工人会跑到石油工业去）可知南方服务行业和旅游行业的工人们会进入石油行业，导致产业数量减少，选C选项“现有产业数量的减少”，A选项“大量减少失业”，B选项“旅游业的增长”以及D选项“一些服务业的发展”和原文相悖。因此C选项正确。

40.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“farmersandfishermen”定位到原文最后一段Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.（虽然农民和渔民并不占人口的绝大部分，但他们却是人口的重要组成部分，因为挪威人在他们身上看到了许多他们引以为傲的挪威人的基本品质）可知选B选项“他们的生活和价值观代表着挪威的理想”，同时可知A选项“他们构成了挪威理想的很大一部分”错误；C选项“他们的工作对挪威社会很有用”原文未提及；最后一段最后一句Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.（农民和渔民对石油工业最为不满，因为它可能会对乡村和海洋造成损害）可知D选项“他们认为石油是对挪威生活方式的威胁”错误。因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Hemakesan（）casethattheocean’sforgottencornershavebecometoodangeroustoneglect.

问题1选项

A.eminent

B.eligible

C.eloquent

D.animated

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。eminent“杰出的；有名的”；eligible“合格的；合适的”；eloquent“雄辩的；有说服力的”；animated“生机勃勃的；活跃的”。句意：他用一个______案例证明被遗忘的海洋角落已经变得非常危险，不应该被忽视。根据句意可知选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

WesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnowthan___EasternNebraska.

问题1选项

A.in

B.does

C.itreceivesin

D.itdoesin

【答案】B

【解析】考查习惯表达。空格处缺失的内容实际上指receiveslesssnow这件事，在英语中为了避免重复表达，会用助动词do/does/did表示前后一样的动作，根据主干谓语receives为第三人称单数可知应该使用does。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Onceuponatime,theemblematicjazzsingerwasanAfrican-Americanwoman,serenadingasmoke-filledroom.ThinkBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.Today,atalentedcropofcosmopolitanyoungsingersarecreatinganewbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.Taketoday’srisingstar,26-year-oldSophieMilman.BorninRussia,shefledwithherfamilytoIsraelattheageof7,thensettledinCanadaat16.NowshesellsouttheBlueNotejazzclubinTokyo.Herrootsandherreachareglobal.Inlooksandlanguage,shecouldn’tbefurtherfromthepioneerswhocamemorethanahalfcenturybefore.

YetMilmanandotherslikeherareredefiningjazzbydrawingontheAmericansongbook.InhisbookTheJazzSingers,ScottYannowarguesthatamong21st-centuryjazzvocalists,only“afewmanagetoreinveststandardsinnewways,”whichisexactlywhatthisnewclassisdoingsowell.Milman—who’sfluentinFrench,English,Russian,andHebrew—singsColePorter’s“LoveforSale”inaclear,valiantaltothatboomsdownlowandreacheseffortlesslyuphigh.ElisabethKontomanou,whoisGreekandGuinean,insistsonknowingtheAfrican-Americanrootsofthemusicsheplays.“Jazzisinnovation,butwithallthecultureandtheunderstandingofwhathasalreadybeendone,”shesays.“Ifyoudon’tlookatthat,yougetatasteless,odorless,andcolorlessmusic.”OnherlastCD,Brewin’theBlues,shefollowsherownrulesbyrevisitinglessfamoussongsbyjazzicons,suchasBillieHoliday’s“TellMeMoreandMore(andThenSome).”

Languagehasprovednobarriertothesewomen,allsinginEnglish.VirginieTeychenecomesfromthesouthofFrancebutlearnedEnglishwithherfather,whousedtoshowAmericanMarinestheFrenchwayoflife.“Frenchdoesn’tlenditselftojazz,”shesays.“Wordscanoftenfallflat,asitishardtosinginFrenchonrhythm.”Teychene,whowasnameda“newrevelation”atFrance’sJuan-les-Pinsjazzfestivallastyear,coverssongslike“TakeATrain”inherpure,lowvoice.BornandraisedinTurin,theItalianchanteuseRobertaGambarinirecordedSwedishfolksongsearlyinhercareerbuthaslatelyturnedtotheromanticeraofAmericanjazz.Hernewrecord,“SoinLove”,revolvesaroundsweetrenditionsoftuneslike“ThatOldBlackMagic”—asongSarahVaughanmadefamousinthe40s.“ThebulkofgoodsongsthatallowyoutoimprovisehappentolargelybepartoftheGreatAmericanSongbook,”shesays.

That’snottosaythatthesevocalistsaren’tpushingboundaries.EsperanzaSpalding,whowasborntoaWelsh-Hispanic-NativeAmericanmotherandablackfatherandraisedintheStates,singsinEnglish,Spanish,andPortuguese.Whenrecordingthe1930sstandard“BodyandSoul”,sherenamedit“CuerpoyAlma”,andpulledoffafierySpanishrendition.“Youalwayscreatesomethingnewevenwhenyouusevocabularyfromthepast.”shesays.

Ultimately,thisreturntotherootsofjazzhastodowithauthenticityandaccessibility.“Ilikewhenpeoplecometoseemeattheendofaconcert,surprisedthatthisisactuallyjazzandthattheycanenjoyitwithoutreallyknowingtheculture,”saysTeychene.Yetifaskedwherethewindingroadoffamestarts,thesesingersgiveatraditionalanswer.“IfyoulivedeepintheheartofChinaandyouwanttobeajazzmusician,youstillhavetogotoNewYorkorNewOrleansandplayjazz,”saysKontomanou.Thenyoumovetoanothercountryandshareitwiththeworld.

21.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSophieMilman?

22.Whatdothenewjazzsingershaveincommon?

23.ItcanbeinferredthatScottYanow’sattitudetowardsthenewjazzsingersis________.

24.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatthosenewjazzsingersare“pushingboundaries”(Paragraph4)?

25.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thosepopularnewjazzsingersattributetheirsuccessto________.

问题1选项

A.Shehasmulticulturalbackgrounds.

B.Sheisanemblematicjazzsinger.

C.ShelovesthemusicofBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.

D.Shecreatesthenewjazzsinger.

问题2选项

A.TheyallcomefromEurope.

B.Theyresemblethepioneersofjazzmusicinlooksandlanguage.

C.Theyallbringsomethingnewtojazzmusic.

D.Theydon’tlikesinginlanguagesotherthanEnglish.

问题3选项

A.critical

B.positive

C.neutral

D.negative

问题4选项

A.Theysometimesdon’tsticktothetraditionalrenderingofjazzmusic.

B.TheydonotalwayssinginEnglish.

C.Theyliketotrydifferentmusicalinstrumentwhenplayingjazz.

D.Theywouldprefertosingsongsallcreatedbythemselves.

问题5选项

A.earlyexposuretoAmericanjazzculture

B.goodcommandofEnglishlanguage

C.innovationandoriginality

D.travellingaroundworld

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第三、四、五句Today,atalentedcropofcosmopolitanyoungsingersarecreatinganewbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.Taketoday’srisingstar,26-year-oldSophieMilman.（今天，一群才华横溢的国际化年轻歌手正在创造一种新爵士歌手：国际化的女歌手。她们来自多文化背景，生活在世界各地，为传统的美国音乐注入了新的活力。以今天的后起之秀，26岁的索菲•米尔曼为例。），索菲•米尔曼是全球化女歌手之一，所以A选项“她有多文化背景”正确；这一群女歌手开创了新爵士歌手，所以D选项“索菲•米尔曼开创了新爵士歌手”错误。B选项“她是一位具有代表性的爵士歌手”：文中没有提到米尔曼在爵士乐的地位，故错误。C选项“她喜欢BillieHoliday和EllaFitzgerald的音乐”：根据第二段最后一句shefollowsherownrulesbyrevisitinglessfamoussongsbyjazzicons,suchasBillieHoliday’s“TellMeMoreandMore(andThenSome).”（她遵循自己的原则，重温了爵士偶像们不太出名的歌曲，比如比莉•哈乐黛的《告诉我更多更多》。），翻唱不代表喜欢听，故错误。因此A选项正确。

22.事实细节题。根据第一段第三、四句newbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.（新爵士歌手：国际化女歌手。她们来自多文化背景，生活在世界各地，为传统的美国音乐注入了新的活力。），新爵士歌手为传统美国音乐注入新的活力，所以C选项“她们都给爵士乐带来了新的东西”正确；这里强调的是这些爵士歌手接触世界各地的文化，米尔曼就来自俄罗斯，所以A选项“她们都来自欧洲”错误；B选项“她们在外观和语言上类似于爵士音乐的先驱”：根据第一段最后一句Inlooksandlanguage,shecouldn’tbefurtherfromthepioneerswhocamemorethanahalfcenturybefore.（从外表和语言上看，她与半个多世纪前的先驱者相差无几。），这里指的是米尔曼和爵士乐先驱者差不多，而不是这些新爵士歌手，故错误。D选项“她们不喜欢用英语以外的语言唱歌”：根据第三段第一句Languagehasprovednobarriertothesewomen,allsinginEnglish.（已证实语言对这些女性没有任何障碍，她们都用英语唱歌。），这里指的是她们可以用英语唱歌，不代表不喜欢用其他语言唱歌，故错误。因此C选项正确。

23.观点态度题。根据第二段第二句ScottYannowarguesthatamong21st-centuryjazzvocalists,only“afewmanagetoreinveststandardsinnewways,”whichisexactlywhatthisnewclassisdoingsowell.（斯科特•耶诺指出，在21世纪的爵士歌手中，只有“少数人设法以新的方式重新投资标准”，这正是这个新阶层做得如此出色的原因。），斯科特•耶诺褒奖新爵士歌手，所以B选项“肯定的”正确。A选项“批判的”，C选项“中立的”和D选项“否定的”不符合题意，故错误。因此B选项正确。

24.语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句Youalwayscreatesomethingnewevenwhenyouusevocabularyfromthepast.（即使你使用过去的词汇，你也总会创造出新的东西），可知这里的突破界限是对已有的东西再创造，所以A选项“她们不是一味按照爵士音乐的传统方式表演”正确，B选项“她们不全用英语唱歌”不是这里的重点，故错误。C选项“她们喜欢尝试用不同的乐器演奏爵士乐”和D选项“她们更喜欢唱自己创作的歌曲”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

25.推理判断题。根据第五段第一句Ultimately,thisreturntotherootsofjazzhastodowithauthenticityandaccessibility.（归根结底，这种对爵士乐根源的回归与真实性和接受性有关。），可知新爵士歌手取得成功是因为对爵士乐本身的理解，所以A选项“早期接触美国爵士乐文化”正确。B选项“良好的英语语言能力”，C选项“创新和原创性”和D选项“周游世界”不是这里的重点，故错误。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Theplaneisaformoftransportationwhose（

）wetakeforgranted.

问题1选项

A.convenience

B.construction

C.satisfaction

D.insurance

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项convenience“便利”；B选项construction“建设”；C选项satisfaction“满足”；D选项insurance“保险”。句意：飞机是一种我们认为理所当然便利的交通工具。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

Aswecannolongerwaitforthedeliveryofourorder,wehaveto（

）it.

问题1选项

A.postpone

B.refuse

C.delay

D.cancel

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析题。A选项postpone“延迟，延期”；B选项refuse“拒绝，回绝”；C选项delay“延期，推迟”；D选项cancel"取消，撤销，终止”。as引导的原因状语从句，句意是‘因为不能再等订货的送达，我们不得不取消订单。’所以D选项正确。

8.单选题

Gettingupisaneveryday（

）.

问题1选项

A.happening

B.occurrence

C.incident

D.event

【答案】B

【解析】句意:起床是天天都发生的事。

考查近义词辨析。Happening事情(偶然或未能预见而发生的事);occurrence事情，事件（可指意外或计划中的事情，也可指普通家庭中的事情）;incident事件，事变，插曲（尤指导致纷争的冲突事端）;event事件,大事尤指重大事件）。由关键信息“gettingup”、“everyday”可知B项正确。

9.单选题

ContrarytothesuggestionmadelastweekbyEliotSpitzer,theNewYorkStateattorneyGeneral,long-termmutualfundinvestorsarenotsignificantlyworseoffbecauseofshort-termtradingbymarkertimers.Buttradinginforeignstockmutualfundsconstitutesamajorexceptiontothisgeneralrule.

Spitzer’scommentscameonWednesday,whenhesaidthatsomefundcompanieshadallowedfavoredclientstobuyorselltheirfundsafterthestockmarketclose.Notonlywouldthisbeillegal,butitwouldalsoviolateinvestors’trustthatmutual,fundsputtheindividualandinstitutionalinvestorsonanequalfooting.

Mr.Spitzerannouncedthathehadreacheda$40millionsettlementwithEdwardJ.Stemandhishedgefund,CanaryCapitalPartners,whichdidnotadmitwrongdoing.Theattorneygeneralsaidfurtherinvestigationsofthemutualfundindustrywereunderway.

Hedidnotallegethatmarkettimingfrequentswitchingbetweenfundsandcash,generallytosidestepmarketdeclineswasitselfillegal.Buthehintedthatbecausemarkettimingsometimeshadadetrimentaleffectonlongtermfundinvestors,fundsmighthaveviolatedtheirfiduciaryresponsibilitiestoshareholdersbyallowingit.

Itiseasytounderstandhowthismaybeso.Thelargecashflowsthatresultfrommarkettimers’frequenttradingcanleadtosignificanttransactioncosts,whicharebornebyallshareholders,notjustbythetradersthemselves.

Thisiswhy,accordingtoJeffreyC.Keil,avicepresidentatLipperInc.almostallfundsincludelanguageintheirprospectusesreservingtherighttorejectsharepurchasefrominvestorsdeemedtobemarkettimers.Inpractice,however,accordingtoKeil,fewfundsactuallyprohibitsomeonefrominvestinginthem,thoughmanyimposefeesthatdiscourageshort-termtrading.

Onereasonthatfewfundscompletelyclosethedoortomarkettimersmaybethatthecostsimposedbymarkettimersinmostcasesareinsignificant.AccordingtoWilliamN.Goetzmann,afinanceprofessoratYale,dealingwiththeinflowsandredemptionsinducedbymarkettimersislittlemorethana“minorcash-managementproblem”formostfundmanagers.

ProfessorGoetzmann,pointstotheperformanceofindexfunds.Eventhoughtheyareusedheavilybymarkettimers,theirreturnsaretypicallyclosetothoseofthemarketaveragesthataretheirbenchmarks.Hecontendsthatthiswouldnotbethecaseifmarkettimerswerecausingasignificantdiminutioninfundreturns.

Butmarkettimingdoeshaveadverseconsequencesforlong-termshareholdersofforeignstockfunds.ConsiderafundbasedintheUnitedStatesthatinvestsinJapanesestocks.BecauseJapan’sstockmarketwillhavebeenclosedforhourswhenthisfundcalculatesthevalueofitsnetassetsat4p.m.inNewYork,itssharepricewillnotreflectanynewsfromthelastseveralhours.

MarkettimerscanusethisstalepricingtomakeaneasyprofitwithouthavingtogethelpfromamutualfundtotradeafterthemarketcloseinNewYork.TraderscanbuyforeignfundsimmediatelybeforethecloseonanydaythestockmarketintheUnitedStateshasrisenstrongly,andsellwheneverthemarkethassharplydeclined.

Ifyouarealong-terminvestorinforeignstockfunds,yourbestdefenseagainstsuchmarkettimersistoinvestinafundthatdiscouragesshort-termtrades.Fundsthatrelyonredemptionfeesarepreferabletothosethatuseback-endloads.Back-endloansarepaidtothefundssalesrepresentatives,whilearedemptionfeeistypicallypaidbackintothefunditselftoreimburseshareholdersforthecostsofthetrade.

1.Fromthesentence“Contrarytothesuggestion…”weknowSpitzerpredictedthatlong-termmutualfundinvestors____.

2.Spitzersuggestedthatallowingmarkettimingwas____.

3.Accordingtotheauthor’sview____.

4.Theauthorthinksthatmarkettimerscanmakeeasyprofitintheforeignstocks____.

5.Term“back-endloads”inthelastparagraphmeans____.

问题1选项

A.wouldbegintohaveaveryhardtime

B.wouldsufferfurtherlosses

C.wouldbebeatenbymarkettimers

D.wouldcollapsesoon

问题2选项

A.illegal

B.unethical

C.disloyal

D.criminal

问题3选项

A.therearenoregulationsormeasurestodiscouragemarkettiming

B.thereareregulationstodiscouragebutsuchregulationsarenotseriouslyimplemented

C.manyfundsimplementedtheregulationstoprohibitmarkettiming;itisashort-termtrading

D.allimposesfeesthatwilldiscouragemarkettiming

问题4选项

A.bymakingothersfollowtheleadoftheirpractice

B.bybuyingforeignfundsimmediatelybeforethecloseofthestockmarketonanyday

C.bymakingfulluseofthetimedifference

D.bycalculatingthevalueat4p.m.

问题5选项

A.entrycharges

B.depositcharges

C.exitcharges

D.investmentcharges

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Fromthesentence“Contrarytothesuggestion…”weknowSpitzerpredictedthatlong-termmutualfundinvestors____.从“与建议相反……”这句话，我们知道Spitzer预测长期共同基金投资者____。

A.wouldbegintohaveaveryhardtimeA.将开始一个非常艰难的时期

B.wouldsufferfurtherlossesB.将遭受进一步损失

C.wouldbebeatenbymarkettimersC.将被市场择机者击败

D.wouldcollapsesoonD.很快就会崩溃

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Contrarytothesuggestion定位到原文第一段。本段第一句提到“与艾略特•斯皮策（EliotSpitzer）上周提出的建议相反（Contraryto），长期共同基金投资者的处境并没有因为市场择机者的短线交易而明显恶化（notsignificantlyworseoff）。”由此可知，Spitzer的预测应该是市场时机把握者的短线交易会导致长期共同基金投资者的处境变得十分艰难。A选项“将开始一个非常艰难的时期”最符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“将遭受进一步损失”，原文没有体现“进一步”的信息点，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“将被市场时机把握者击败”，处境艰难并不意味着“被打败”，该选项属于推理过度；

D选项“很快就会崩溃”，处境艰难不一定就会崩溃，该选项属于推理过度。

第2题:【选项释义】

Spitzersuggestedthatallowingmarkettimingwas____.斯皮策（Spitzer）认为，允许市场时机选择是____。

A.illegalA.非法的

B.unethicalB.不道德的

C.disloyalC.不忠诚的

D.criminalD.犯罪的，触犯刑法的

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词allowingmarkettiming定位到原文第四段。本段第一句提到“他并没有声称（didnotallege），市场时机选择频繁地在基金和现金之间转换，通常是为了避开市场下跌，这本身就是非法的（wasitselfillegal）。”第二句提到“但他暗示（hehinted），由于市场时机选择（markettiming）有时会对长期基金投资者产生不利影响，基金允许这种做法可能违反了对股东的信托责任（haveviolatedtheirfiduciaryresponsibilitiestoshareholders）。”由“违反了对股东的信托责任”可知，斯皮策（Spitzer）认为这种行为是违背职业道德的，B选项“不道德的”最符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“非法的”，原文提到他并不认为这是非法的，该选项属于反向干扰；

C选项“不忠诚的”，侧重于指对国家、家庭或朋友，没有B选项符合原文，该选项属于曲解原文；

D选项“犯罪的，触犯刑法的”，没有依据，属于无中生有。

第3题:【选项释义】

Accordingtotheauthor’sview____.根据作者的观点____。

A.therearenoregulationsormeasurestodiscouragemarkettimingA.不存在阻止市场时机选择的规定或措施

B.thereareregulationstodiscouragebutsuchregulationsarenotseriouslyimplementedB.存在规章制度来阻止市场时机选择，但是这些规章制度并没有得到认真的执行

C.manyfundsimplementedtheregulationstoprohibitmarkettiming;itisashort-termtradingC.许多基金执行了禁止市场时机选择的规定；这是一种短期交易

D.allimposesfeesthatwilldiscouragemarkettimingD.所有这些公司都会收取费用，阻碍市场时机选择

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据选项内容定位到原文第六段。本段第一句提到“几乎所有的基金都在其招股说明书中加入了保留拒绝被认为是市场时机把握者的投资者购买股票的权利的措辞（includelanguageintheirprospectuses）”由此可知，“阻止市场时机选择的规定或措施”是存在的；本段第二句提到“在实践中，很少有基金真正禁止（actuallyprohibit）投资者投资”，由此可知，实际上，这些规定并没有被认真执行。综上所述，B选项“存在规章制度来阻止市场时机选择，但是这些规章制度并没有得到认真的执行”最符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“不存在阻止市场时机选择的规定或措施”，原文指出这种措施是存在的，该选项属于反向干扰；

C