考研考博-英语-华东交通大学考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华东交通大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Whenhetriedtomakea（）,hefoundthatthehotelwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.

问题1选项

A.reservation

B.claim

C.mess

D.revision

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项reservation“预约，保留”，B项claim“宣称，要求”，C项mess“混乱”，D项revision“修正，复习”。根据关键词hotel（酒店）可知，空格部分表示“预约”，makeareservation固定搭配，表示“预定，预约”；句意：当他试图预订房间时，他发现由于一个会议的举办旅馆已经客满了。因此，该题选择A项正确。

2.单选题

Truepatriotism（

）puttingtheinterestsofone'scountryaboveeverything,includingone'sownlife.

问题1选项

A.derivesfrom

B.lieswith

C.restson

D.consistsin

【答案】D

【解析】句意:真正的爱国精神在于把国家的利益看得高于一切，包括个人生命。

考查短语辨析。四个选项均为对应动词短语的三单形式。derivefrom起源于,来自,导出;liewith取决于;reston依靠,信赖,停留在;consistin在于,存在于。故D符合句意。

3.写作题

Writeanessayonthegiventopic"OnUniversity".Basedonthefollowingoutline,presentyourargumentwithsupportingdetailsofnolessthan250words.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

1.大学的功能

2.大学是否实现了目标

3.如何改进

【答案】OnUniversity

Itisaclearfactthatourcountryattachesgreatimportancetoeducationandtherearemuchmorestudentswhobecomeuniversityfreshmeneachyear.Althoughtheyhaveenteredintotheiridealsanctum,dotheyreallyknowabouttheuniversity?

Inmyopinion,universityisnotonlyaplaceofacquiringknowledgebutaplaceofgettingintegrateddevelopmentaswell.Auniversitystudentisonthebestphaseofforminghisowncharacteranddevelopinghisall-aroundcapacity.However,teachersintheclassstillkeeptotraditionalteachingmethod,whichhardlycreateakindofenvironmentwherestudentshavechancetoexpresstheirownthoughts.Inaddition,auniversitycanbedescribedasabridgebetweenstudentsandsociety.Ifitdoesn’tlinkthebothsides,ornotenough,oncestudentsstepintosociety,theymaybepuzzledbymanythingsandscarcelyknowhowtodealwiththem.Sohowtoimproveuniversityeducation?Weshouldinnovateuponteachingmethodonthebasisoftraditionalonesoastoletstudentshavemorechancestospeakouttheirownthinking.Wecanalsoholdasmalldiscussingmeetingtodealwiththerealproblemsfromsociety,thereforewhenstudentsgooutofthecampus,theywilladaptthemselvestothesocietyquickly.

Tosumup,nowadaysthemainproblemsexistinginuniversityeducationisthatmoststudentslackofabilitytothinkindependentlyandtodealwithcomplexthingsinoursociety.I’msuretheseproblemswillbesolvedaslongascorrectandeffectivemeasurescanbetaken.

4.单选题

Theotherproblemthatarisesfromtheemploymentofwomenisthatoftheworkingwife.Ithastwoaspects:thatofthewifewhoismoreofasuccessthanherhusbandandthatofthewifewhomustrelyheavilyonherhusbandforhelpwithdomestictasks.Therearevariouswaysinwhichtheimpactofthefirstdifficultycanbereduced.Providedthathusbandandwifearenotinthesameordirectlycomparablelinesofwork,theharshfactofhergreatersuccesscanbeobscuredbyagenialconspiracytorejectapurelymonetarymeasureofachievementasintolerablycrude.Wherethereareranks,itisbestifthecoupleworkindifferentfieldssothatthehusbandcanfindsomespecialreasonforthesuperiorityofthelowestfigureinhistothemostelevatedinhiswife’s.

Aproblemthataffectsamuchlargernumberofworkingwivesistheneedtore-allocatedomestictasksiftherearechildren.InTheRoadtoWiganPierGeorgeOrwellwroteoftheunemployedoftheLancashirecoalfields:“Practicallynever…inaworking-classhome,willyouseethemandoingastrokeofthehousework.Unemploymenthasnotchangedthisconvention,whichonthefaceofitseemsalittleunfair.Themanisidlefrommorningtonightbutthewomanisasbusyasever—moreso,indeed,becauseshehastomanagewithlessmoney.Yetsofarasmyexperiencegoesthewomendonotprotest.Theyfeelthatamanwouldlosehismanhoodif,merelybecausehewasoutofwork,hedevelopedina‘MaryAnn’.”

Itisoverthecareofyoungchildrenthatthisre-allocationofdutiesbecomesreallysignificant.Forthis,unlikethecookingoffishfingersorthemakingofbeds,isaninescapablytime-consumingoccupation,andtimeiswhatthefullyemployedwifehasnomoretospareofthanherhusband.

Themaleinitiativeincourtshipisaprettyindiscriminateaffair,somethingthatistriedonwithanyremotelyplausiblewomanwhocomeswithinrangeand,ofcourse,withalldegreesoftentativeness.Whatdecidestheissueofwhetheragenuinecourtshipisgoingtogetunderwayisthewoman’sresponse.Ifsheshowsinteresttheenginesofpersuasionaresetinmovement.Thetruthisthatincourtshipsocietygiveswomentherealpowerwhilepretendingtogiveittomen.

Whatdoesseemclearisthatthemoremenandwomenaretogether,atworkandawayfromit,themorethecomprehensiveamorousnessofmentowardswomenwillhavetogo,despiteallitspastevolutionaryservices.Foritisthisthatmakesinferiorityatworkabrasiveand,moreindirectly,makesdomesticworkseemunmanly,ifthereistobeanequalizingredistributionofeconomicanddomestictasksbetweenmenandwomentheremustbeacompensatingredistributionoftheeroticinitiative.Ifwomenwillnolongerletusbeatthem,theymustallowustojointhemastheblushingrecipientsofflowersandchocolates.

1.Thefirstparagraphadvisestheworkingwifewhoismoresuccessfulthanherhusbandto（）.

2.Orwell’spictureofrelationsbetweenmanandwifeinWiganPierdescribesarelationshipwhichtheauthorofthepassage（）.

3.Thelastparagraphstressesthatifwomenaretoholdimportantjobs,thentheymust（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutthepresentformofcourtship?

问题1选项

A.workinthesamesortofjobasherhusband

B.playdownhersuccess,makingitsoundunimportant

C.stresshowmuchthefamilygainsfromherhighsalary

D.introducemorelabour-savingmachineryintothehome

问题2选项

A.thinksisthenaturalone

B.wishestoseepreserved

C.believesisfair

D.issuremustchange

问题3选项

A.sometimesmakethefirstadvancesinlove

B.allowmentoflirtwithmanywomen

C.stopacceptingpresentsofflowersandchocolates

D.avoidmakingtheirhusbandslooklike“MaryAnns”

问题4选项

A.Thewoman’sreactiondecidesthefateofcourtship.

B.Eachman“makespasses”atmanywomen.

C.Menareequallyseriousaboutcourtship.

D.Themanleaveshimselftheopportunitytogiveupthechasequickly.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Thefirstparagraphadvisestheworkingwifewhoismoresuccessfulthanherhusbandto______.1.第一段建议比丈夫更成功的职业女性去______。

A.workinthesamesortofjobasherhusbandA.和她的丈夫做同样的工作

B.playdownhersuccess,makingitsoundunimportantB.淡化她的成功，让它听起来不重要

C.stresshowmuchthefamilygainsfromherhighsalaryC.强调家庭从她的高薪中得到了多少

D.introducemorelabour-savingmachineryintothehomeD.将更多省力的机器引入家庭

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一段第四句“只要丈夫和妻子没有从事相同或者可进行比较的工作，拒绝粗鲁地纯粹以金钱来衡量成功，女性更为成功这个残酷的事实就可能被巧妙的遮掩”，从这句话可知，如果妻子比丈夫更成功，只要丈夫和妻子没有从事相同或者能够比较的工作，那么女性可以淡化自己的成就。所以B项“淡化她的成功，让它听起来不重要”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“和她的丈夫做同样的工作”，根据解题思路可知，原文建议妻子和丈夫不要做同样的工作，该项反向干扰；

C项“强调家庭从她的高薪中得到了多少”表述与原文相反，原文是遮掩妻子成功的事实，该选项反而强调了她的成功，反向干扰；

D项“将更多省力的机器引入家庭”，原文未提及省力机器，无中生有。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Orwell’spictureofrelationsbetweenmanandwifeinWiganPierdescribesarelationshipwhichtheauthorofthepassage______.2.奥威尔在《维根码头》中对夫妻关系的描绘描述了一种作者______的关系。

A.thinksisthenaturaloneA.觉得它是很自然的一件事

B.wishestoseepreservedB.希望能保留下来

C.believesisfairC.认为是公平的

D.issuremustchangeD.一定要改变

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】根据第二段的内容可知，Orwell在《维根码头》中描写了一个失业者，男人从不分担家务，尤其是工人阶级的家庭。而女人们并不反对这种现状，她们认为做家务会使男人丧失男子气概。而作者在第三段提到，正是在照顾孩子方面，这种职责的重新分配才变得真正重要。这说明作者认为书中描述的状态是不合理的，一定要改变。所以选项D正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“觉得它是很自然的一件事”、B项“希望能保留下来”和C项“认为是公平的”根据解题思路可知，这三项都与作者表达的态度相反，属于反向干扰。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Thelastparagraphstressesthatifwomenaretoholdimportantjobs,thentheymust______.3.最后一段强调，如果女性要担任重要的工作，那么她们必须______。

A.sometimesmakethefirstadvancesinloveA.有时会在爱情中率先取得进展

B.allowmentoflirtwithmanywomenB.允许男人和很多女人调情

C.stopacceptingpresentsofflowersandchocolatesC.停止接受鲜花和巧克力礼物

D.avoidmakingtheirhusbandslooklike“MaryAnns”D.避免让她们的丈夫看起来像娘娘腔

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先，定位至文章最后一段最后一句，“如果女士不允许男士在事业上打败她们，她们必须允许男士加入到红着脸接受鲜花和巧克力的队伍”，从中可知，如果女性想要担任重要的工作，她们必须允许男士也可以接受鲜花和巧克力，可以推断，这里实际上是暗示女士在恋爱中也应该主动一些。A项“有时会在爱情中率先取得进展”符合这一分析。故该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B项“允许男人和很多女人调情”在最后一段没有提到，无中生有；

C项“停止接受鲜花和巧克力礼物”，原文是让男性加入接受鲜花巧克力的行列，不代表女性就要停止接受，该项曲解原文；

D项“避免让她们的丈夫看起来像娘娘腔”，原文只是在说到男性失业后在家里无所事事，女性不抱怨时，提及这一点，与女性担任重要职位无关，该项张冠李戴。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutthepresentformofcourtship?4.关于现在的求爱形式，下列哪个陈述是不正确的？

A.Thewoman’sreactiondecidesthefateofcourtship.A.女人的反应决定了求爱的命运。

B.Eachman“makespasses”atmanywomen.B.每个男人都会和许多女人调情。

C.Menareequallyseriousaboutcourtship.C.男人在求爱问题上也同样严肃。

D.Themanleaveshimselftheopportunitytogiveupthechasequickly.D.男人给自己留下了迅速放弃追求的机会。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据倒数第二段的第一句“在求爱过程中，男性主动是一件不加以区别的事情（Themaleinitiativeincourtshipisaprettyindiscriminateaffair），他们会犹豫不决地尝试着追求所接触的有可能发展关系的女性”，从aprettyindiscriminateaffair（一件不加以区别的事情）可知，C项“男人在求爱问题上也同样严肃”中的serious与原文相反。故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】

A项“女人的反应决定了求爱的命运”，根据倒数第二段第二句“女人的反应决定了她们是否会开始真正的求爱”，可知该项与原文相符，属于反向干扰；

B项“每个男人都会和许多女人调情”，根据解题思路可知，该项与原文相符，属于反向干扰；

D项“男人给自己留下了迅速放弃追求的机会”，原文倒数第二段第一句说到“……男性犹豫不决地尝试着追求所接触的有可能发展关系的女性”，说明他们给自己留了退路，随时准备放弃；该项与原文相符，属于反向干扰。

5.单选题

Thetruthaboutalliancesandtheirmeritprobablyliessomewherebetweenthetravelutopiapresentedbytheplayersandtheevilempiresportrayedbytheircritics.

问题1选项

A.collaboration

B.worth

C.triumph

D.defect

【答案】B

【解析】merit“优点，价值，功绩”。A选项collaboration“合作，勾结”；B选项worth“价值，财产”；C选项triumph“生理，凯旋”；D选项defect“缺点，不足之处”。B选项与merit“价值”这一意思相近，因此B选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Therelationofthesalestaxtotheproblemofsocialbalanceisadmirablydirect.Thecommunityisrichinprivatelyproducedgoods.Itispoorinpublicservices.Theobvioussolutionistotaxtheformertoprovidethelatter—bymakingprivategoodsmoreexpensive,Thepublicgoodsaremademoreabundant.Motionpictures,electronicequipment,andcigarettesaremademorecostlysothatschoolscanbemorehandsomelysupported.Wepaymoreforsoap,make-ups,andvacuumcleanersinorderthatwemayhavecleanercitiesandfeweroccasionstousethem.Wehavemoreexpensivecarsandgasolinesothatwemayhavehighwaysandstreetsonwhichtodrivethem.Foodbeingcomparativelycheapandabundant,wetaxitinordertohavebetterservicesandbetterhealthinwhichtoenjoyit.Thisstraightforwardsolutionhasthefurtheradvantagethatsalestaxationcanbeemployedwithfairefficiencybystatesandevenbycities.Itisintheservicesrenderedbythesegovernmentsthattheproblemofsocialbalanceisespeciallysevere.Theyieldofthesalestaxincreaseswithincreasingproduction.Aswantsareplannedforprivategoods,morebenefitsareprovidedforpublicuse.Thegeneralpropertytax,theprincipalalternativetothesalestax,isrigidandinflexible.Sinceitsratesmustordinarilyberaisedforadditionalservices,includingthosethatareassociatedwithincreasingincomeandproduct,theburdenofprovingneedisespeciallyheavy.Thistaxisapoorservantofsocialbalance.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Theword‘handsomely’(Line5)means（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thechiefadvantageofthesalestaxisthatit

（

）.

4.Thepropertytaxisnotregardedasanidealsolutiontosocialneedsbecause

（

）.

5.Theauthorofthispassageismostinterestedintellingusabout（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thepropertytaxisdifficulttocollect.

B.Thesalestaxcanbeeasilyincreased.

C.Thesalestaxhaslittleornosocialvalue.

D.Thecommunityhasabundantgoodsproducedbyprivateenterprises.

问题2选项

A.skillfully

B.generously

C.earnestly

D.easily

问题3选项

A.isadirectmeansofachievingsocialbalance

B.canbeimposedbycitiesandstates

C.islesseffectivethanthepropertytax

D.isapplicabletowideareas

问题4选项

A.itmustbechangedbytheHouseofRepresentatives

B.itisnotstraightforwardasisthesalestax

C.itcanbeimposedbycitiesbutnotbystates

D.itsrisedependsonincreasingtheneedforadditionalservices

问题5选项

A.thecollectionofthepropertytax

B.therelationoftaxestotheproblemofsocialbalance

C.thebalanceofpublicandprivateconsumption

D.thesalestaxasasocialmeans

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文“Thegeneralpropertytaxisrigidandinflexible.”可知选项A正确；根据原文“Theyieldofthesalestaxincreaseswithincreasingproduction.”可知选项B符合原文；根据原文第一句“Therelationofthesalestaxtotheproblemofsocialbalanceisadmirablydirect.”可知选项C不正确；根据原文第二句“Thecommunityisrichinprivatelyproducedgoods.”可知选项D正确，所以本题选C。

2.词义题。根据原文“...—bymakingprivategoodsmoreexpensive,thepublicgoodsaremademoreabundant.Motionpictures,electronicequipment,andcigarettesaremademorecostlysothatschoolscanbemorehandsomelysupported.”可知后面是对前面的论据列举的一个具体的例子。costly和expensive相对应，所以handsomely和abundant相对应。skillfully巧妙地,精巧地；generously慷慨地,大方地；earnestly认真地，诚挚地；easily容易地,无疑地。只有选项B符合原文。

3.判断推理题。根据原文可知，这种直截了当的解决方案还有一个更大的优势，那就是各州甚至城市都可以公平高效地征收销售税。正是在这些政府提供的服务中，社会平衡的问题特别严重。作者着重强调的是socialbalance，而不是政府的服务。所以选项A正确。

4.细节事实题。根据原文倒数二三句“Thegeneralpropertytax,theprincipalalternativetothesalestax,isrigidandinflexible.Sinceitsratesmustordinarilyberaisedforadditionalservices,...”可知选项D符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知本文主要是讲营业税对社会平衡的作用和影响，所以选项D更符合原文。

7.单选题

Thesaleofalcoholicbeveragesis（）tothoseabove21insomeregions.

问题1选项

A.confined

B.Inhibited

C.obliged

D.restricted

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项confine“限制”，B项inhibit“禁止”，C项oblige“要求，约束”，obligeto表示“不得不”；D项restrict“限制”，restrictto表示“限制在……”。句意：在某些地区，酒精饮料只能出售给21岁以上的人。因此D项正确。

8.单选题

Whenyourdogdoesanythingyouwantto（）,youwaittillhedoesitandthenbeathim.Thisisthewayjudgesmakelawsforyouandme.

问题1选项

A.breakhimof

B.breakhimoff

C.breakhimfree

D.breakhimup

【答案】A

【解析】词组辨析。breaksb.of“使戒除（某习惯）”；breaksb.off“分离，中断”；“breaksb.free“摆脱对方防守”；breaksb.up“关系破裂”。句意：当你的狗做了任何你想要打它戒除的事情，你要等它做了，然后打它。这就是法官为你我制定法律的方式。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

TheHouseisexpectedtopassapieceoflegislationThursdaythatseekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployersandcouldpossiblyreversedecadesofdecliningmembershipamongprivateindustries.

TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldallowauniontoberecognizedaftercollectingamajorityofvotecards,insteadofwaitingfortheNationalLaborRelationsBoardtooverseeasecretballotelection,whichcanoccurmorethan50daysafterthecardvoteiscompleted.

RepresentativesofbusinessonCapitolHillopposethebill.TheNationalAssociationofManufacturers,TheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,theU.S.ChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsopposetheshiftawayfromsecretballotssayingthechangecouldthreatentheprivacyoftheworkers.“Thisisn’taboutpreventingincreasedunionizationit’saboutprotectingrights,’’saidtheNationalAssociationofManufacturer’sJasonStraczewski,ofhisorganization’soppositiontobill.Straczewskisayseliminatingthesecret-ballotstepwouldopenupemployeestocoercion（强迫，胁迫）fromunions.

SamueloftheAFL-CIOcontendstherealcoercioncomesfromemployers.“Workerstalkingtoworkersareequalswhilemanagerstalkingtoworkersaren’t,”Samuelsaid.Hecitesthe31,358casesofillegalemployerdiscriminationactedonbytheNationalLaborRelationsBoardin2005.

Samuelalsopointsoutthatcountertoclaimsfromthebusinesslobby,thesecretballotwouldnotbeeliminated.Thechangewouldonlytakethecontrolofthetimingoftheelectionoutofthehandsoftheemployers.“Ontheground,thedifferencebetweenhavingthislegislationandnotwouldbethedifferencebetweennightandday,”saidRichardShawoftheHarrisCountyCentralLaborCouncil,whosaysitwouldhaveatremendousimpactonthelocallevel.

Thebillhasotherprovisions（条款，规定）aswell.TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldalsoimposebindingarbitration（仲裁）whenacompanyandanewlyformedunioncannotagreeonacontractafter3months.Anagreementworkedoutunderbindingcompulsoryarbitrationwouldbeineffectfor2years,afactthatStraczewskicalls,“borderlineunconstitutional.”“Idon’tseehowitwillbenefitemployeesifthey’relockedintoacontract,”saidStraczewski.

Thebill’sproponentspointtothetrendofrecognizedunionsunabletogetcontractsfromunwillingemployers.TheFederalMediationandConciliationService,theorganizationthatoverseesarbitration,reportedthatin2004,45percentofnewlyformedunionsweredeniedfirstcontractsbyemployers.Thebillwouldalsostrengthenthepenaltiesforcompaniesthatillegallycoerceorintimidateemployees.Asitstands,thelawonthebookshasn’tchangedsubstantiallysincetheNationalLaborRelationsActwasmadeintolawin1935.TheNLBRcanenforcenootherpenaltythanreinstatingwrongfullyfiredemployeesorrecoveringlostwages.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Accordingtoitsopponents,thebill（）.

3.Theword"it"（Line5,Para.5）refersto（）.

4.PeoplesupportthebillbecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT（）.

5.thebillwillstrengthenthepunishmentforcompanieswhichillegallycoerceorthreatenemployees

问题1选项

A.Housebillaimstospurlaboruniongrowth.

B.Housebillaimstocounterlaboruniongrowth.

C.EmployeeFreeChoiceActaimstospuremployment.

D.EmployeeFreeChoiceActaimstoraiseemployee’sincome.

问题2选项

A.willprotectemployees'rights

B.willbenefitworkersbybindingcontracts

C.willempowerunionstoomuch

D.makesitpossibleforemployeestoyieldtocoercionfromunions

问题3选项

A.thechange

B.thelegislation

C.theAFL-CIO

D.thedifference

问题4选项

A.thebillwillprobablyenableunionstohavefewermembersofprivateindustries

B.thebillwillallowauniontoberecognizedearlierandhaveagreateffectonthelocallevel

C.bindingarbitrationwillbeimposedtoprotectemployeesifacontractcan’tbeagreedonbetweenarecentlyestablishedunionandacompany

D.thebillwillstrengthenthepunishmentforcompanieswhichillegallycoerceorthreatenemployees

问题5选项

A.fewerprivateindustriesjoinedunionsinthepast

B.workers’coercionoftencomesfromunions

C.thebillwillbeawin-and-winoneforemployeesandemployers

D.punishmentauthorizedbythebillwillbelighter

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文首段表明众议院将出台新立法，seekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployers,是为了维护工会的权利，激发工会的发展。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词opponents定位到原文第三段第三句，opponents指的是JasonStraczewski。后面他说道would open up employees to coercion (强迫：胁迫）from unions,与选项D对应。

3.语义题。根据题干信息定位到原文第五段第五行，who指代的是前句中RichardShaw，it指代前句中的legislation。

4.细节判断题。题干说下列哪项不是人们支持该法案的原因，文章首段couldreverse decades of declining membership among private industries(立法有助于改善劳工与雇主之间的关系)。

5.细节推理题。最后一段提到in2004,45percentofnewlyformedunionsweredeniedfirstcontractsbyemployers(2004年，45%的新成立工会被雇主拒绝签订第一份合同)，因此答案为A。

10.单选题

TherearemanysuperstitionsinBritain.Butoneofthemost（1）heldisthatitisunluckytowalkunderaladderevenifitmeans（2）thepavementintoabusystreet!（3）youmustpassunderaladderyoucan（4）badluckbycrossingyourfingersand（5）themcrosseduntilyouhaveseenadog.（6）,youmaylickyourfingerand（7）acrossonthetoeofyourshoe,andnotlookagainattheshoeuntilthe（8）hasdried.

Anothercommon（9）isthatitisunluckytoopenanumbrellainthehouse—itwilleitherbring（10）tothepersonwhoopeneditortothewhole（11）.Anyoneopeninganumbrellainfineweatheris（12）,asitinevitablybringsrain!

Thenumber13issaidtobeunluckyforsomeandwhenthe13thdayofthemonth（13）onaFriday,anyonewishingtoavoidabedeventhadbetterstay（14）.Theworstmisfortunethatearnhappentoapersoniscausedbybreakingaminor,

（15）itbeingssevenyearsofbedluck.Thesuperstitionissupposedto（16）inancienttimes,whenminorswereconsideredtobetoolsofthegods.

BlackcatsaregenerallyconsideredluckyinBritain,eventhoughtheyare（17）witchcraft.Itis（18）luckyifablackcatcrossedyourpathalthoughinAmericatheexactoppositebeliefprevails.

Finally,acommonheldsuperstitionisthatoftouchingwood（19）luck.Thismeasureismostoftentakenifyouthinkyouhavesaidsomethingthatistemptingfate,suchas“mycarhasnever（20）,touchwood?”

问题1选项

A.broadly

B.widely

C.quickly

D.speedily

问题2选项

A.runningfrom

B.jumpingoff

C.steppingoff

D.keepingfrom

问题3选项

A.If

B.As

C.Though

D.Unless

问题4选项

A.erase

B.remove

C.avoid

D.ease

问题5选项

A.keep

B.keeping

C.kept

D.tokeep

问题6选项

A.Consequently

B.However

C.Comparatively

D.Alternatively

问题7选项

A.make

B.print

C.perform

D.produce

问题8选项

A.label

B.symbol

C.mark

D.cut

问题9选项

A.argument

B.superstition

C.opinion

D.idea

问题10选项

A.loss

B.difficultly

C.tragedy

D.misfortune

问题11选项

A.house

B.household

C.home

D.circle

问题12选项

A.unwise

B.unintelligent

C.unpopular

D.unfortunate

问题13选项

A.falls

B.arrives

C.drops

D.happens

问题14选项

A.away

B.outdoors

C.indoors

D.far

问题15选项

A.when

B.as

C.if

D.though

问题16选项

A.haveoriginated

B.beoriginating

C.beoriginated

D.originate

问题17选项

A.concernedabout

B.relatedwith

C.associatedwith

D.connectedin

问题18选项

A.especially

B.specially

C.frequently

D.rarely

问题19选项

A.as

B.for

C.in

D.of

问题20选项

A.brokenup

B.brokenoff

C.brokenaway

D.brokendown

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:B

第10题:D

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:C

第15题:B

第16题:A

第17题:C

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】第1题:考查副词辨析。broadly意为“宽广地”，指幅度范围的宽广；widely意为“广泛地”；quickly意为“迅速地”；speedily意为“快速的”。由句意“英国有很多迷信的说法，其中最……流传的是在梯子下走过会带来厄运”可知B选项最为恰当。

第2题:考查动词辨析。runfrom意为“逃避”；jumpoff意为“跳下”；stepoff意为“离开”；keepfrom意为“隐瞒，阻止”。此处表示离开人行道走进繁忙的街道。

第3题:考查上下文语义。由前面可知在梯子下走会带来厄运，此处表示假设发生了这样的情况，因此填if。

第4题:考查上下文语义。由前面的“如果发生了在梯子下走的情况”可知此处表示通过某种方式可以避免厄运，因此填avoid（避开，避免）。

第5题:考查动词形式。前文的“by”为介词，介词后接动名词形式，与前面的crossing保持一致。

第6题:考查上下文语义。consequently意为“所以，因此”；however意为“然而”；comparatively

意为“对比地”；alternatively意为“或者”。前面已提出了一种避免厄运的方法，此处表示另外一种方法，因此选D。

第7题:考查固定搭配。makeacross意为“画一个十字”。

第8题:考查名词辨析。label意为“标签”；symbol意为“象征，符号”，一般是指象征意义性的标志；mark意为“标记”，一般指眼睛看到的事物留下的印迹。此处指的是画在鞋上的cross，因此选C。

第9题:考查上下文语义。前面提到了英国有很多迷信，举了一个最流传的例子，此处表示另一种迷信，因此选B。

第10题:考查上下文语义。由前面的itisunluckytoopenanumbrellainthehouse可知与unlucky相近词为misfortune（不幸，厄运）。

第11题:考查上下文语义。由or可知此处与前面的tothepersonwhoopeneditortothewhole___表示并列关系，与theperson相对应的为household（一家人，全家人），因此选B。

第12题:考查上下文语义。由后面的asitinevitablybringsrain（因为它不可避免地会带来雨水）可推测在晴天打雨伞是不好的、不受欢迎的，因此填unpopular（不受欢迎的）。

第13题:考查固定搭配。fallon意为“适逢（某日），正当（某日）”；happenon意为“巧遇，偶然发现”，主语一般指人，因此选A。

第14题:考查上下文语义。stayaway意为“离开，缺席”；stayoutdoors意为“待在户外”；stayindoors意为“待在家里，不外出”；stayfar意为“离远点”。由前面的anyonewishingtoavoidabedeventhadbetterstay___（想要避免倒霉的人最好……）可知C选项最恰当。

第15题:考查连词辨析。此处为两个并列的句子，需要连词连接，前句内容为“最大的厄运是打碎镜子引起的”，后句内容为“这会带来七年的厄运”，后句是前句的原因，因此填as（因为，由于）。

第16题:考查时态。由后面的whenminorswereconsideredtobetoolsofthegods可知时间发生在过去，可知这个迷信始于过去，对现在仍有影响，因此用现在完成时（have+过去分词），选A。

第17题:考查固定搭配。表示“与……与关”的搭配有：beconcernedwith、berelatedto、beconnectedwith、beassociatedwith，因此选C。

第18题:考查上下文语义。由前面的内容可知黑猫在英国被视为幸运的动物，那么有一只黑猫从你面前穿过则是幸运的，此处表示幸运的程度，因此用副词especially（特别，非常）修饰。

第19题:考查介词辨析。for表示目的，意为“为了”，此处表示触摸木头寻求好运，因此选B。

第20题:考查动词辨析。breakup意为“分手，结束”；breakoff意为“断开，突然中止”；breakaway意为“逃离，挣脱”；breakdown意为“（机器或车辆）出毛病，损坏”。此处表示我的车从来没发生过故障，因此选D。

11.单选题

ItisscarcelyanexaggerationtosaythatduringtheColdWarperiodthethreat（

）bynucleararmsseemedanever-presentdanger.

问题1选项

A.imposed

B.convoked

C.posed

D.provoked

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。impose“强加；征税”；convoke“召集；召开”；pose“造成；摆姿势”；provoke“驱使；激怒；煽动”。句意：毫不夸张地说，在冷战期间，核武器造成的威胁似乎是一种永远存在的危险。选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.

问题1选项

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。turbulent“动荡，湍流的”；tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的”；vulnerable“易受攻击的”；suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言到处都是,恐惧蔓延,损害的声誉,并让平静的情形陷入动荡中。A项符合题意。

13.单选题

TheAleuts,residingonseveralislandsoftheAleutianChain,thePribilofIslands,andtheAlaskanPeninsula,havepossessedawrittenlanguagesince1825,whentheRussianmissionaryIvanVeniaminovselectedappropriateoftheCyrillicalphabettorepresentAleutspeechsounds,recordedthemainbodyofAleutvocabulary,andformulatedgrammaticalrules.TheCzaristRussianconquestoftheproud,independentseahunterswassodevastatinglythoroughthattribaltraditions,eventribalmemories,werealmostdestroyed.Thebrutalkillingofthemajorityofanadultgenerationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependentuponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedapassionatedevotiontotheirlanguageastheironlyculturalheritage.

TheRussianoccupationplacedaheavylinguisticburdenontheAleuts.NotonlyweretheycompelledtolearnRussiantoconversewiththeiroverseersandgovernors,buttheyhadtolearnOldSlavonictotakeanactivepartinchurchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwritingtheirowntongue.In1867,whentheUnitedStatespurchasedAlaska,theAleutswereunabletobreaksharplywiththeirimmediatepastandsubstituteEnglishforanyoneoftheirthreelanguages.

TocommunicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital,asdidRussian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy.TheAleutscametoregardEnglisheducationasadevicetowithdrawthemfromtheirreligiousfaith.TheintroductionofcompulsoryEnglishschoolingcausedaminorrebirthofRussiancultureastheAleutparentssoughttocounteracttheinfluenceoftheschoolroom.TheharshlifeoftheRussiancolonialrulebegantoappearmorehappyandbeautifulinretrospect.

RegulationsforbiddinginstructioninanylanguageotherthanEnglishincreaseditsunpopularity.ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleutlinkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.Fromthewordingofmanyregulations,itappearsthatAmericanadministratorsoftenhadnottheslightestideathattheA