考研考博-英语-北京劳动保障职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京劳动保障职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapsupply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleaneconomicalsourceofpowerandthatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,isclean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatevertheanti-nucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties.Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostlyaccidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.

Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuraniuminadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofmarket.Inthelongrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace.Thusifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclearenergy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclearenergyprogrammesareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentson.

Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisadoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.

1.Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingisTRUEofnuclearenergy?

3.Somepeopleclaimthatunclearenergyisessentialbecause（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport?

5.Thefunctionofthelastsentenceis（

）.

问题1选项

A.indifferent

B.tolerant

C.favorable

D.negative

问题2选项

A.Primitive

B.Cheap

C.Exhaustible

D.Unsafe

问题3选项

A.itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemployment

B.itrepresentsanenormousstepforwardinourscientificevolution

C.itcanmeetthegrowingdemandofanindustriallydevelopingsociety

D.nuclearpowerstationscanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff

问题4选项

A.Thedemandforcommercialproductswillnotnecessarilykeepincreasing.

B.Nuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.

C.Uraniumisagoodsourceofenergyforeconomicandecologicalreasons.

D.Gratersafetyprovisionscanbringabouttheexpansionofnuclearenergyprogrammes.

问题5选项

A.advancethefinalargument

B.reflectthewriter’sattitude

C.reversepreviouslyexpressedthoughts

D.showthedisadvantagesofnuclearpower

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.态度方向。作者在第一段引出了大众观点,后面再否定。而且最后一段指出:Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower(权衡利弊后我们有理由认为应该选择使用核能以外的其他能源)。因此作者对于核能的态度是否定的。

2.细节题。根据题干关键词opponentsofnuclearenergy定位至第一段倒数第三句:但是，核能的反对者们指出，核电站不仅仅给环境，而且是给全民的自由带来了直接的威胁。因此,核能反对者认为核能不安全。

3.细节题。根据题干定位至第一段,第一句就指出:有人认为核能必不可少，紧接着给出了原因:工业持续发展的社会对便宜的能源有不断增长的需求，而核能可以满足这一需求。故选C。

4.细节题。倒数第二句表明:Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue(这种扩张表现为工业生产和消费者需求正在不断的增长。但是，这种增长会不会，或者说能不能持续，是值得怀疑的)。即作者认为它不一定会增长。

5.态度方向题。最后一句是表明了作者对核能的态度。

2.写作题

Writealetterofinvitationofabout100wordstoyourclosefriendTom,askinghimtocomeandstayforaweek-endwithyourfamilyatyourriversidecottage:

(a)youhavenotseenhimforalongtime;

(b)thecountryairwilldohimgood;

(c)hecancatchatrainafterworkonFriday;

(d)youaskhimtoletyouknowthetimeofhisarrival;

(e)youwillmeethimatthestation.

【答案】DearTom,

IthasbeenalongtimesinceIlastseeyou!Howareyou,mydearfriend!

Recently,Iheardthatyouhavebeenthoughaterribletimeoflosingyourwife,allmyfamilyisverysadaboutthisgrievousnews.Weareallworryingaboutyou!

WerecentlyboughtariversidecottageatXXX,andbecauseitisspringnowandtheflowersarebloominghere,wesincerelyinviteyoutocomeheretohaveawonderfulweekend,wearesurethatthecountryairwillbegoodforyou.

YoucancatchatrainafterworkonFridayifyouwillcomehereandpleaseletmeknowtheexacttimeofyourarrival,Iwouldbeexpectingyouatthetrainstation.

Sincerely,yours3.单选题

ManypeopleinvestinthestockmarkethopingtofindthenextMicrosoftandDell.However,Iknow（1）personalexperiencehowdifficultthisreallyis.Formorethanayear,Iwas

（2）

hundredsandsometimesthousandsofdollarsadayininvestinginthemarket.Itseemedsoeasy,Idreamedof

（3）myjobattheendoftheyear,ofbuyingasmallapartmentinParis,oftravelingaroundtheworld.Butthesedreams

（4）toasuddenanddramaticendwhenastockI

（5）,Texascellularponewholesaler,fellbymorethan75percent

（6）aoneyearperiod.Onthe（7）day,itplungedbymorethan$15ashare.Therewasarumorthecompanywas

（8）salesfigures.ThatwaswhenIlearnedhowquicklyWallstreet

（9）companiesthat,inonewayoranother,misrepresentthe（10）

.

Ina

（11）,Isoldallmystocksinthecompany,paying

（12）margindebtwithcashadvancesfrommy

（13）card.BecauseIownedsomanyshares,I

（14）asmallfortune,halfofitfrommoneyIborrowedfromthebrokeragecompany.Onemonth,Iama

（15）,thenext,aloser.Thisonebiglosswasmyfirstlessoninthemarket.

Myfatherwasastockbroker,aswaymygrandfather

（16）him(Infact,hefoundedoneofChicago'searliestbrokeragefirms.)Butlikesomanythingsinlife,wedon’tlearnanything,untilwe

（17）forourselves.Theonlywaytoreallyunderstandtheinner（18）ofthestockmarketistoinvestyourownhard-earnedmoney.Whenallyourstocksaredoing

（19）andyoufeellikeawinner,youlearnverylittle.It’swhenallyourstocksarelosingandeveryoneisquestioningyourstockpicking

（20）thatyoufindoutifyouhavewhatittakestoinvestinthemarket.

问题1选项

A.at

B.in

C.from

D.by

问题2选项

A.making

B.spending

C.selling

D.buying

问题3选项

A.losing

B.retiring

C.getting

D.quitting

问题4选项

A.turned

B.came

C.went

D.seemed

问题5选项

A.owned

B.owed

C.rented

D.sold

问题6选项

A.over

B.by

C.from

D.with

问题7选项

A.busy

B.slow

C.worst

D.fast

问题8选项

A.cheating

B.exaggerating

C.announcing

D.beating

问题9选项

A.punishes

B.defeats

C.tells

D.shows

问题10选项

A.trade

B.truth

C.lie

D.lies

问题11选项

A.despair

B.worry

C.panic

D.moment

问题12选项

A.all

B.off

C.over

D.up

问题13选项

A.credit

B.identity

C.identification

D.loan

问题14选项

A.won

B.lost

C.gained

D.Found

问题15选项

A.winner

B.champagne

C.genius

D.mentor

问题16选项

A.after

B.before

C.for

D.and

问题17选项

A.remember

B.live

C.imagine

D.experience

问题18选项

A.workings

B.innings

C.price

D.shares

问题19选项

A.more

B.great

C.much

D.up

问题20选项

A.facility

B.faculty

C.ability

D.power

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:B

第11题:C

第12题:B

第13题:A

第14题:B

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:D

第18题:A

第19题:C

第20题:C

【解析】（1）固定搭配。谓语动词是know，宾语是howdifficultthisreallyis，所以“personalexperience”是动作实施的途径，作方式状语。其中，固定表达“knowfrom/through...从……中明白”符合语境和句意‘许多人投资股市，希望找到下一个微软和戴尔。然而，从我的个人经历中，我知道这有多么困难。’，所以C选项正确。

（2）固定搭配。根据宾语“hundredsandsometimesthousandsofdollars几百，有时是几千美元”和介词in可知，B选项构成固定搭配“spend时间/金钱+in+doingsth.花时间/金钱做某事”正确。

（3）固定搭配。根据宾语“myjob我的工作”可知，D选项构成“quitone’sjob辞职”符合语境和句意‘在一年多的时间里，我每天都要花费数百甚至数千美元来投资股市。这似乎很容易，我梦想在年底辞掉工作，在巴黎买一套小公寓，环游世界。’。

（4）词组。根据转折连词but确定这一句是说‘梦想破灭’，B选项“cometoanend”表示“结束；终止”，正确。

（5）词义辨析。根据上下文可知，作者的一支名为“Texascellularponewholesaler”的股票大跌，因此，此处表示“拥有”之意，A选项正确。

（6）固定搭配。句意‘但当我持有的一只股票Texascellularponewholesale)在一年时间里下跌逾75%时，这些梦想突然戏剧性地终结了。’overaoneyearperiod表示“在短短一年之间”，A选项正确。

（7）词义辨析。根据空格后下一句“itplungedbymorethan$15ashare.股票日跌幅高达15美金。”可知，C选项“最坏的一天"符合语境，正确。

（8）词义辨析。cheating‘欺骗’；exaggerating‘夸大，夸张’；announcing‘宣告，发表’；beating‘敲打，击打’；根据关键词“rumor谣言”以及后文“misrepresent误传”可知，B选项“夸大”修饰宾语“销售数字”符合语境，正确。

（9）词义辨析。punish‘惩罚’；defeat‘击败，战胜’；tell‘告诉，讲述’；show‘展示，演示’；根据定语从句中动词“misrepresent误传；不如实地说明”可知，A项“惩罚（这类公司）”符合语境‘有谣言说公司夸大了销售数字。就在那时，我了解到华尔街是多么迅速地惩罚那些以这样或那样的方式歪曲…….的公司。’，正确。

（10）词义辨析。trade‘贸易，交易’；truth‘真相，真理’；lie‘谎言’；根据前文语境可知，此处表达“惩罚那些……的公司”，B选项构成“（误传）真相”符合语境搭配，正确。

（11）固定搭配。indespair“绝望”，inapanic“惊恐万分”，inamoment“此刻”，没有inaworry这个搭配，根据后文“Isoldallmystocksinthecompany我卖掉了公司所有的股票”可知，前文表示的状态应备是C选项“inapanic惊恐万分”。

（12）词组辨析。payoff“还清（债务等）”，payup“全部付清”。根据空格后关键词“margindebt债务”可知B选项正确。

（13）固定搭配。此处表示用‘信用卡creditcard’偿还债务，A选项正确。

（14）词义辨析。won‘赢得’；lost‘丢失，损失’；gained‘获得’；Found‘发现’；此处句意是“因为我有很多股票，所以，我……了一小笔。”根据前文可知，此话是处于股票跌值的语境中，所以B项“损失”符合语境，正确。

（15）词义辨析。winner‘赢家，获胜者’；champagne‘香槟’；genius‘天才’；mentor‘指导者’；根据后文关键词“thenext,aloser之后，是个失败者”可知，A选项“胜者”符合对比语境。

（16）介词辨析。此处的“him他”是指“myfather我的父亲”，表示“父亲和祖父是一样的身份”。因此，祖父在父亲之前也是个股票经纪人，则B项‘在……之前’正确。

（17）词义辨析。remember‘记得，记住’；live‘居住’；imagine‘想象，猜想’；experience‘经历’；“wedon'tlearnanything我什么都没有学到”，而且后文关键词“ourselves我们自己”可知，此处表示“直到我们亲身经历此事”，D想象正确。

（18）词义辨析。workings‘工作方式’；innings‘局’；price‘价格’；shares‘股份’；根据语境，A选项构成“innerworkings内部状况”符合语境，正确。

（19）词义辨析。句意“如果你全部股票长势很好，你自己也觉得是赢家，那你学到的其实很少。”此处修饰动词do，需要副词进行修饰，同时表示‘很好’之意，C选项正确。

（20）词义辨析。A选项“天资；才能”；B项更强调生命体本身所具有的能力；C项“本领；能力”，是指人运用脑力或体力完成特定任务的能力(侧重于能还是不能)，是各种能力的总称。D项“动力；力量”。此处表示“挑选股票的能力”，C选项符合语境，正确。

4.单选题

Doctorssaythatmoderatedrinkingcanhaveabeneficial（）onyourhealth.

问题1选项

A.impact

B.generation

C.disposition

D.dependence

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。impact“影响”;generation“一代，产生”;disposition“性情，处置”;dependence“独立”。句意：医生说适当喝酒对你的健康有有利影响。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Graphenemustsurelybeoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsinmodernscience.Indeed,thesubstanceissoextraordinarythatitsoundstoogoodtobetrue—asuperflexiblesheetofcarbon,justasingleatomthick,whichisnotonlythethinnestandstrongestmaterialyetknownbutalsoconductsheat,lightandelectricitywhilebeingimpassabletogas.

WehavetwoscientistsattheUniversityofManchestertothankforgraphene.WhatbeganwithAndreGeimandKostyaNovoselovplayingaroundwithScotchtapeandablockofcarbongraphiteturnedintothediscoveryoftheso-called“miraclematerial”(andajointNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2010).

Now,ofcourse,theraceisontoputgraphenetouse.Eventhemoresoberpredictionsreadlikesciencefiction.Fromcheapdesalinationfilterstosolvetheworld’screepingwatercrisis,tonext-generationelectronicswithfoldabletouch-screensandultra-speedybiodegradableprocessors,tosuperstrongbutsuperlightweightcarsandairplanes,ifjustafractionofgraphene’spotentialisfulfilleditwillchangetheworld.Andthatiswithoutevenconsideringeitherthebiomedicalorthemilitarypossibilities.Norareresearchershangingback;in2012alone,some10,000paperswerepublishedonthesubject.

Britainmaybethebirthplaceofgraphene,butwewillstillhavetoworkhardtohangontoourgloballeadasscientistsandentrepreneursacrosstheworlddashforcompetitiveadvantage.Thegoodnewsisthatrealeffortsarebeingmadetobridgethelong-standinggapbetweenuniversityresearchandcommercialproductsthatsooftenleavestheUKlaggingbehind,forexample,theUS.TheGovernmenthasgivenmorethan£60m,andgrapheneresearchcentersareunderconstructioninbothManchesterandCambridge.

Buttherearealreadysignsofprogress.Yesterday,AppliedGrapheneMaterials一aspin-offfromDurhamUniversity—becamethesecondmanufacturerofthematerialtolistsuccessfullyonthestockmarketthisyear.Bothitsfounders’ambitionsandbeliefsinthemarewhollyjustified.Graphene’spotentialislimitedonlybyourimaginations.

1.Thearticleiswrittenmainlyto（）.

2.WhichisNOTapropertyofgrapheneaccordingtothepassage?

3.ItcanbeinferredthatthepastgrapheneresearchintheUKwas（）.

4.Therearegoodreasonsforinvestorstobelieveinthefounders’ambitionsforgraphenebecause（）.

问题1选项

A.urgeBritonstoholdtheleadingraphene

B.introducethenewmaterialgraphenetoreaders

C.informreadersofthelimitlesspotentialsofgraphene

D.reporttheconstructionofUK’sgrapheneresearchcenters

问题2选项

A.Itisthethinnestandstrongestsubstance.

B.Itisasuperbconductorofgas.

C.Itisoneofthemoststretchablematerials.

D.Itisaspecialkindofcarbon.

问题3选项

A.puttodashforacompetitiveadvantage

B.faraheadoftheUSinmarketing

C.turnedintoalotofsciencefiction

D.isolatedinuniversityexperimentlabs

问题4选项

A.humanimaginationscangoasfarastheycan

B.thereisnogapbetweenresearchandproducts

C.thestockmarketintheUKissuccessful

D.thenewmaterialhashugeroomforprofit

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段简单介绍了石墨烯,三四段提到石墨烯的竞争优势,最后一段提到,石墨烯的潜力仅受我们想象力的限制。潜在意思就是石墨烯的潜力是无限的,所以作者的目的也是想让读者了解石墨烯的无限潜力。选项C正确。

2.根据第一段后半部分对石墨烯的描述可知选项A,C,D均是石墨烯的特征,只有选项B错误。“conductsheat,lightandelectricitywhilebeingimpassabletogas.”石墨烯可以传导热,光,电,但是无法传导气体。

3.根据倒数第二段第一句“Britainmaybethebirthplace...dashforcompetitiveadvantage.”英国可能是石墨烯的诞生地,但是我们仍然需要继续努力保持全球领先地位,因为全世界的科学家和企业家都在争取竞争优势。选择A符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的内容可知,这里已经有发展的迹象。昨天,石墨烯材料应用公司(杜伦大学的附属品牌)成为本年度第二个成功上市的石墨烯生产商,而石墨烯的潜力也是无限的。综上,也就是说这种新物质有很大的利润空间。选项D正确。

6.单选题

JustimaginetheshockofthePrimeMinisterwhenthreeofhisseniorcabinetcolleagues（

）andresignedinprotestonFridaynight.

问题1选项

A.revolved

B.resolved

C.revived

D.revolted

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析题。根据句意‘试想一下，当他的三个高级内阁同僚都在周五晚上向他递交了辞呈并进行抗议，这对这位首相的打击有多大。’可知这里应选与resignedinprotest“辞职抗议”为并列关系的动词。A选项revolve“旋转”;B选项resolve“解决”；C选项revive“使复活，使恢复”;D选项revolt“反叛，起义”。D选项的revolted与protest相对应，D选项正确。

7.单选题

Whenyouarecamping,therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe（）.

问题1选项

A.putupwith

B.caughtupwith

C.comeupwith

D.keptupwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。putupwith“忍受，容忍”；caughtupwith“给…迷住，入迷”；comeupwith“提出，想出，赶上”；keptupwith“赶得上，和…保持联系”。句意：当你露营时，你不得不忍受许多不便。A项符合题意。

8.单选题

EveniffewobserverswouldclassifyChinaasatrulychild-centeredsociety,Chinesecultureundoubtedlyplacesahighvalueontheirchildren.

问题1选项

A.Eveniffew

B.wouldclassify

C.asatrulychild-centeredsociety

D.ontheirchildren

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】代词误用。去掉their。句子主语为Chineseculture,根据句子结构推断their指代的是Chineseculture,显然不合适。

9.问答题

AStheplanetwarms,floods,storms,risingseasanddroughtwilluprootmillionsofpeopleandwithdirewiderconsequences.BarackObama,collectinghisNobelpeaceprize,saidthatclimaticchange“willfuelmoreconflictfordecades”.HetooktheanalysisnotfromenvironmentalscaremongersbutfromagroupofAmericangenerals.

Theforecastisclose（1）becomingreceivedwisdom.Aflurryofnewbookswithtitlessuchas“GlobalWarring”and“ClimaticConflict”offernear-apocalypticvisions.CleoPascal,attheRoyalInstituteofInternationalAffairsinLondon,predictsthosefloods,storms,thefailureoftheIndianmonsoonandagriculturalcollapsewillbring“enormousmadspecificgeopolitical,economicandsecurityconsequencesforallofus...theworldoftomorrowlookschaoticandviolent”.JeffreyMazooftheInternationalInstituteforStrategicStudies,alsoinLondon,callsclimaticchangean“existentialthreat”andfearsitcouldusher（2）“statefailureandinternalconflict”inexposedplaces,notablyAfrica.

Yetsurprisinglyfewfactssupportthesealarmingassertions.Widelytoutedforecastssuchas

for200mclimaticrefugeesinfirenextfewdecadesseemtohavebeenplucked（3）theair.

LittleornoacademicresearchhaslookedatquestionssuchaswhetherBangladeshisdisplacedbyarisingseawouldmoveaseriesofshortdistancesoveralongperiod,or(moredisruptively)agreaterdistanceimmediately.

SoscientistspreparingthefifthreportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,duein2013,areforthefirsttimeincludingachapteronthreatstohumansecurity.Anearlyeffort

cameataconferencelastmonthinNorway,

（4）

theauspicesofthePeaceResearchInstituteinOslo.

Oneideaistofindpreviousoccasionswhenbigenvironmentalchangescame

（5）

social,

politicalandmilitaryshifts.DroughtsintheCentralAsiansteppe,forexample,ledtomasswestwardmigrationandthe“barbarian”invasionsthathelpedtoppletheRomanEmpire.HungeranddroughtledtothecollapseofMayancivilizationamillenniumago.SuddencoolingwipedoutanearlyEuropeansettlementonGreenland.TheDustBowlofthe1930sforcedover2mpeopletomigratewithintheUnitedStates.

ThoseexamplesmayberelevantinAfrica,whereinmanycountriesaroundthree-quartersofthepopulationsurvivebycultivatingafewvarietiesofcropswatereddirectlybyrain,theformof

farmingmostvulnerable

（6）

climaticchange.Africahaswarmedby0.5°Conaverageinthe

pasthalfcentury,andmayheatby1.5-4°Cmorethiscentury.Heathitscerealyields(speciallymaize),perhapsby10-20%fora1*Crise.Rainfallpatternswillalsoshift.

ThehardestevidenceforalinksofarcomesfromateamledbyMarshallBurkeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,whichstudiedAfricanwarsfrom1980to2002andfoundthatrisingtemperaturesarcindeedassociatedwithcropfailure,economicdeclineandasharpriseinthelikelihoodofwar.Itpredicteda“50%increase”inthechanceofcivilwarinAfricaby2030.

Butthatclaimisnowheavilyrevised,sinceresearchersredidtheirsumstotakeaccountofthemorepeacefulperiodof2002-08.Otherssaythatpoliticalandotherfactorssuchasethnicconflictandoutsideinterventionarefarbetterindicatorsofthelikelihoodoffighting.

TakethewidelycitedcaseofthewarinDarfur,thewesternregionofSudan.BanKi-moon,

theUNsecretary-general,describeditas“anecologicalcrisis,arisingatleast（7）partfrom

climatechange”.EnvironmentalproblemshaveprobablyworsenedtheDarfur’sdreadfulplight,offeringgristtothosewhocallclimatechangea“threatmultiplier5，.Averagerainfallintheregionfellabruptly(byathirdormore)intheearly1970sandDarfurrepeatedlysuffereddroughts.Clashesovergrazingandthendisplacementofvillagerswerefollowed,from2003,byhorrificwar.

Yettheconnectioniselusive.Roughlythreedecadeselapsedbetweentherainstoppingandwarstarting.Manyotherfactorspolitical,ethnic,demographicandeconomicconspiredtostokeviolence.ThosewerespecifictoDarfur,whereasthesharpdropinrainfallhitthewholeSahel,withoutintensifyingconflictelsewhere.

AnothercommonlycitedexampleisviolentcompetitionforscarcegrazingbetweennomadicherdsmenintheHomofAfrica.YetastudyoffightingamongpastoralistsontheborderbetweenKenyaandSomaliainthepast60years(presentedattheconference)showedinsteadthatconflictworsenedwhengrazingwasabundantandfell

（

8）

droughts.Hungrypeoplewaretoobusystayingalive,ortooexhausted,tofight.Bycontrast,whenrainsmadeherdsmen’sliveseasier,theycouldreleasesurplusyounglaborfortheviolentsportofraidingothergroups.

Otherresearcherslookatthepoliticalormilitaryconsequencesofphenomenaunrelatedtoweather,suchasrapidurbanization,migrationorearthquakes.Yettheevidenceheretooismixed（9）

best.Wherenaturaldisastersdoshowpredictablepoliticaloutcomes,theyareveryslight.

Astudyoftheshort-termimpactofhurricanesonHaitiandtheDominicanRepublicfrom1850-2007,forexample,suggeststhatthestormshavegrownmoreintense(ifnotmorefrequent),buttheirarrivalisnotassociatedwithmompoliticalviolence.Anotherstudyshowedthatnaturaldisastersusuallyproducedshort-termeconomicpainbutnosignofincreasedpoliticalviolence.Earthquakes,too,tendtoproducemixedoutcomes.AMexicanquakein1985mayhavestokedaninsui^ency.Butthetsunamiof2005offeredamomentforsecessionistsinAcehandthecentralIndonesiangovernmenttoco-operateClimatechangecouldindeedcausewoesaplenty.Thatisallthemorereasontobeprecise

（10）

them.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriatepreposition(介词).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

scaremonger(inparagraph1)

apocalyptic(inparagraph2)

tout(inparagraph3)

topple(inparagraph5)

intervention(inparagraph8)

elapse(inparagraph10)

stoke(inparagraph10)

intensify(inparagraph10)

grazing(inparagraph11)

woe(inparagraph13)

TheabovearticlementionedthewidelycitedeaseofthewarinDarfur,(thewesternregionofSudan.BanKi-moon,theUNsecretary-general,describeditas“anecologicalcrisis...”Why?Somepeoplecallclimaticchangea“threatmultiplier”.Whatdoesthatmean?

【答案】1.考查介词搭配。此处表示这个预言几乎被视为至理名言。becloseto意为“接近，靠近”。

试题答案：to

2.考查介词搭配。此处表示气候变化引来的影响。usherin意为“引入，引领”。

试题答案：in

3.考查介词搭配。pluckfromtheair意为“空穴来风，无中生有”。

试题答案：from

4.考查介词搭配。undertheauspices意为“在……的赞助下”。

试题答案：under

5.考查介词搭配。此句意为：观点之一是寻求历史上环境改变与伴随之的政治、经济、军事变革的联系。comealongside意为“随之而来”。

试题答案：alongside

6.考查介词搭配。vulnerableto意为“易受……，易于……”。

试题答案：to

7.考查介词搭配。inpart意为“在某种程度上，部分地”。

试题答案：in

8.考查介词搭配。during意为“在……期间”。

试题答案：during

9.考查介词搭配。atbest意为“至多，充其量”。

试题答案：at

10.考查介词搭配。about意为“关于……”。

试题答案：about

scaremonger(inparagraph1)

1.试题答案：危言耸听的人，制造恐慌的人

apocalyptic(inparagraph2)

2.试题答案：世界末日的

tout(inparagraph3)

3.试题答案：吹捧，吹嘘

topple(inparagraph5)

4.试题答案：推翻，打倒

intervention(inparagraph8)

5.试题答案：介入，干涉

elapse(inparagraph10)

6.试题答案：消逝

stoke(inparagraph10)

7.试题答案：煽动，激起

intensify(inparagraph10)

8.试题答案：增强，加剧

grazing(inparagraph11)

9.试题答案：牧场，草场

woe(inparagraph13)

10.试题答案：灾难

Becausetheclimatechange,tosomedegree,resultedinthewarinDarfur.TheaveragerainfallinDarfurfellsharply,whichcausedtheclashesovergrazing,displacementofvillagesandeventuallyresultedinthehorrificwar.

ItmeansthatclimatechangehasintensifiedthethreatenofDarfur,becauseEnvironmentalproblemshaveprobablyworsenedtheDarfur’sdreadfulplight.

10.翻译题

但是，对于所有的正在进行的激动人心的工作而言，科学远没有达到一个能塑造完美的人或者甚至一个完美的番茄的美好新世界的境地。在基因治疗普及之前，仍然需要做大量研究。如果许多疾病真的可以治疗的话，那将花上数十年的时间。

就短期而言，基因筛选将是运用新技术的最可行的办法。医生们能在治疗各种DNA缺陷之前检测到它们。在某些情况下，这些信息可以延缓疾病的发作或是减轻它的病症。例如，一个有着遗传性易患心脏病体质的人可以进行低脂肪的饮食。如果科学家由于制造一种重要蛋白质的基因存在缺陷从而导致这种蛋白质失去的话，也许科学家就可以给这位病人提供人工蛋白质。然而，在其他的情况下，对于阻止由于基因突变而导致的不幸几乎无能为力。

【答案】Forallthefeveredworkbeingdone,however,scienceisstillfarawayfromtheBraveNewWorldvisionofengineeringaperfecthumanorevenaperfecttomato.Muchmoreresearchisneededbeforegenetherapybecomescommonplace,andmanydiseaseswilltakedecadestoconquer,iftheycanbeconqueredatall.

Intheshortrun,themostpracticalwaytousethenewtechnologywillbeingeneticscreening.DoctorswillbeabletodetectallsortsofflawsinDNAlongbeforetheycanbefixed.Insomecasestheknowledgemayleadtotreatmentsthatdelaytheonsetofthediseaseorsoftenitseffects.Someonewithageneticpredispositiontoheartdisease,forexample,couldfollowalow-fatdiet.Andifscientistsdeterminethatavitalproteinismissingbecausethegenethatwassupposedtomakeitisdefective,theymightbeabletogivethepatientanartificialversionoftheprotein.Butinotherinstances,almostnothingcanbedonetostoptheravagesbroughtonbygeneticmutations.

11.单选题

CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather.Inasingledaylastweek,nearly40peoplereachedthetopoftheworld—arecord.Reportssentbysatellitetelephonefrombasecampspokeofqueuesatdangerousridgesandcrowdedaspeoplepassedeachotherinthefinaldashforthe8,848meters(29,129ft)summit.

Moretraditionalmountaineerssneer(嘲笑)atthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.In1996,14diedonthemountainwhenthemembersofseveralexpeditionsweretrappedathighaltitudesbysuddensnowstorm.BadweatherinearlyMayledtothisyear’sjamonthesummitridge,butthetoll,luckily,waslight.Justfourclimbersdied,includingaNepaliSherpawhohadmade11previoussuccessfulclimbing.

Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”,ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.Thisyear’scropofsummiteersincludedtheoldestman,64-year-oIdShermanBullfromConnecticut,andtheyoungest:16-year-oldTembaTsheriSherpaofNepal.AnAmericanwithonlyonearmwasonthemountainthisyear;anIndianwithnolegsalsotriedbuttonoavail.Inthemostspectacularfeat,ErikWeihenmeyer,anAmerican,becamethefirstblindpersontoreachthetopoftheworld.Hisfellowclimbersstayedinfrontofhimonthewayup,describingtheterrainandringingbells.

NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes,calledbytheCommunistopposition.Retuningclimberswhothoughttheirchallengewasoverhadtowalkfromhoteltoairportsotheycouldflyhometotheusualtriumphalwelcome.TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.

1.WhatisimportanttoclimbersonMountEverest?

2.Moreaccidentshavehappenedinrecentyearsdueto（

）.

3.Severalsummiteersaremen