考研考博-英语-北京大学考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatwillallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.Thisistrueregardlessofage.

Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.Andsomeonewithahistoryofdoingmorethanlesswillgointooldagemorecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.

Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.“Theideaisnotnecessarytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation,”saysJamesFozard,associatedirectorofthenationalInstituteonAging.“Mostofusdon’tneedthatkindofskill.Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmetalalertness.Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.

GeneCohen,actingdirectorofthesameinstitute,suggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.Hesaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremorelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiesandtobegenerallyhappierandbetteradjusted.D.“Thepointis,youneedtodoboth,”Cohensays."Intellectualactivityactuallyinfluencesbrain-cellhealthandsize.”

1.Peoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthyarethose.

2.AccordingtoFozard,peoplecanmaketheirbrainsworkmoreefficientlyby.

3.ThefindingsofJamesandotherscientistsintheirwork.

4.Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto.

5.Thepassageismainlyabout.

问题1选项

A.whocanrememberlargeamountsofinformation

B.whoarehighlyintelligent

C.whosemindsarealertandreceptive

D.whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentthings

问题2选项

A.constantlydoingmemorywork

B.takingpartinvariousmentalactivities

C.goingthroughspecifictraining

D.makingfrequentadjustments

问题3选项

A.remaintobefurtherproved

B.havebeenchallengedbymanyotherexperts

C.havebeengenerallyaccepted

D.arepracticedbytheresearchersthemselves

问题4选项

A.keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivities

B.keepmentallyactivebychallengingtheirbrains

C.maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictraining

D.maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities

问题5选项

A.howbiochemicalchangesoccurinhumanbrain

B.whypeopleshouldkeepactivebothphysicallyandmentally

C.howintellectualactivitiesinfluencehealth

D.whypeopleshouldreceivespecialmentaltrainingastheyage

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到当人们动脑筋的时候大脑会发生变化，使其在注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用（Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatwillallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory），由此可知有善于动脑的人认知上更健康，因此选项C符合题意。

2.细节事实题。文章第三段提到了Fozard的观点，他认为普通人没有必要去做大量的记忆训练，只要让思维保持警觉就可以（Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmetalalertness），因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第三段最后一句话提到Fozard和其他人用不同的精神心理技能来挑战自己的大脑（Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork），因此选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段第二句话Hesaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage…可知选项A符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一二段提到研究人员证实当人们动脑筋时，会使得注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用；第三四段提到几位研究人员对这个观点的进一步说明，并且建议随着年纪增长，身体和精神都应该得到锻炼，因此选项B“为什么人们应该在身体和精神上都保持活跃”符合题意。

2.单选题

Thecharitableorganizationsetupa（

）forpeopleescapingfromthewarzone.

问题1选项

A.receipt

B.regiment

C.reign

D.refuge

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项receipt“收据、收入”；B选项regiment“大量的人、统治”；C选项reign“任期、主宰期”；D选项refuge“避难、避难所”，根据句中关键词“warzone交战地带”可联想到refuge“避难、避难所”，句意为：这个慈善组织为逃离战区的人们设立了避难所。故正确答案选D。

3.单选题

Todaythepublicismuchconcernedabouttheway（

）.

问题1选项

A.natureisbeingruined

B.whichnatureisruined

C.onwhichtoruinnature

D.ofnaturetoberuined

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。当先行词为theway时，关系代词可以是that/inwhich或者省略。

句意：如今，公众非常关心自然受到破坏的方式。

4.单选题

Ispentmostofmymoneyinthefirstweekand（）hadverylittletoeatduringthelastfewdaysoftheholiday.

问题1选项

A.afterall

B.consequently

C.otherwise

D.anyhow

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。afterall“毕竟”；consequently“因此，结果”；otherwise“否则，不然”；anyhow“无论如何，总之”。句意：我第一周就花掉了大部分的钱，因此在假期的最后几天只能吃一点点东西。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Dohelpyourselftosomefruit,（）you?

问题1选项

A.can’t

B.don’t

C.wouldn’t

D.won’t

【答案】D

【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：吃点水果，好吗？前半部分是表示邀请、提供对对方有益的行为等的祈使句时，反问一般用will，上文为肯定语气，故反问部分用否定形式won’t。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat'smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnoguruspromisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommodifiedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime—oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,corporateexecutivesthinkthat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Wgeneration?

4.Inthesixthparagraph,theauthorimpliedthat（）.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（）.

问题1选项

A.technologyrenaissanceshouldbepushedforward.

B.technologyhasaprofoundimpactontheirlives.

C.technologyactuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality.

D.technologyshouldbeaggressivelychampioned.

问题2选项

A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.

B.Tgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.

C.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.

D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.

问题3选项

A.Technologicalwonders.

B.Accesstoinformation.

C.Time.

D.Timesavingdevices.

问题4选项

A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology.

B.generationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations.

C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility.

D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient.

问题5选项

A.TheNewInternetLife.

B.TheDrawbacksoftooMuchAccess.

C.TheFailureofTechnologicalRenaissance.

D.TheDecliningQualityofLife.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?...“No,quitecontrary.”（我们在工作、家庭和社区的生活质量是否与我们生活中引入的所有新互联网和企业对企业的互联网服务成正比？……“不，完全相反。”）可知C选项“技术实际上导致了他们生活质量的下降”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.（相反，本应解放我们的科技奇迹，却开始把我们束缚在一个似乎无法轻易摆脱的联系网中）但并不是说网络一代变成了技术的奴隶，因此选B。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.（我们的每一个空闲时间都充满了某种形式的商业联系，使时间本身成为所有资源中最稀缺的）可知选C。

4.推理判断题。文章第六段中的Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?（有没有人问过，高速发展的文化是否让我们所有人都变得不那么有耐心，不太愿意倾听、推迟、考虑和反思？）可知D选项“科技可能会使人失去耐心”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科技给人们生活带来的负面影响，因此B选项“使用过多的缺点”符合题意。

7.单选题

Iknownowthatall___humanbeingsworrythatotherswillfindoutthattheyarenotquitegoodenough.

问题1选项

A.sacred

B.holy

C.hysteric

D.sane

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.sacred神圣的B.holy神圣的

C.hysteric歇斯底里的D.sane健全的；理智的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意，……的人害怕其他人会发现他们不够好。D.sane“理智的”符合句意。理智的人们一般会被认为是强大的足够优秀的。人们会在理智的人们身上期待更多。所以这类人害怕别人发现他们其实不够好。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】我现在知道，所有理智的人都担心别人会发现自己不够好。

8.翻译题

一天中我最喜欢的是最后那段时刻——至少是醒着的最后那段时刻。我再三努力不让眨动的眼皮合上，不让书本掉落在胸前，这时候我知道真的该入睡了。我深情地把书放在身边的床上。我们一起入睡——我和我的书，我和书中的人物，我和交杂的梦境，都一起入睡。

躺在床上看书似乎成了家传。上一次母亲帮我照看孩子时，我回到家里发现整幢房子一片漆黑，只有两处微弱的灯光。一处在我儿子的房间，我看到八岁的儿子拿着一本书，打着电筒躲在被窝里看书。房子的那头，母亲拿着书已经打起盹来。

【答案】Oneofmyfavoritemomentsofthedayisamongthelast—thelastconsciousone,anyway.Afterseveralattemptsatkeepingmyeyelidsfromflutteringclosedandthebookfromcollapsingontomychest,Iknowitreallyistimetogotosleep.Iaffectionatelyplacethebookonthebedbesideme.Wesleeptogether,meandmybook,meandthosecharacters,meandmymixed-updreams.Readinginbedseemstoruninfamilies.Thelasttimemymotherbabysatforme,gothometofindthehousedarkexceptfortwosmalllights.Onecamefrommyson’sroom,whereIdiscoveredtheeight-year-oldholedupunderthecoverswithGoosebumpsandaflashlight.Attheotherendofthehouse,mymotherhadalreadydozedoffwithherbook.

9.翻译题

Man,theUnknownIntheorganizationofindustriallifeandinfluenceofthefactoryuponthephysiologicalandmentalstateoftheworkershasbeencompletelyneglected.Modernindustryisbasedontheconceptionofthemaximumproductionatlowestcost,inorderthatanindividualoragroupofindividualsmayearnasmuchmoneyaspossible.Ithasexpandedwithoutanyideaofthetruenatureofthehumanbeingswhorunthemachines,andwithoutgivinganyconsiderationtotheeffectsproducedontheindividualsandontheirdescendantsbytheartificialmodeofexistenceimposedbythefactory.Thegreatcitieshavebeenbuiltwithnoregardforus.Theshapeanddimensionsoftheskyscrapersdependentirelyonthenecessityofobtainingthemaximumincomepersquarefootofground,andofofferingtothetenantsofficesandapartmentsthatpleasethem.Thiscausedtheconstructionofgiganticbuildingwheretoolargemassesofhumanbeingsarecrowdedtogether.Civilizedmenlikesuchawayofliving.Whiletheyenjoythecomfortandbanalluxuryoftheirdwelling,theydonotrealizethattheyaredeprivedofthenecessitiesoflife.Themoderncityconsistsofmonstrousedificesandofdark,narrowstreetsfullofpetrolfumes,coaldust,andtoxicgases,tornbythenoiseofthetaxi-cabs,lorriesandbuses,andthrongedceaselesslybygreatcrowds.Obviously,ithasnotbeenplannedforthegoodofitsinhabitants.

【答案】人类——神秘的巨人10.单选题

Itishardfortheyoungpeopletoimaginewhatsevereconditionstheirparentsoncelivedunder.

问题1选项

A.sincere

B.hard

C.strict

D.tight

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sincere“真诚的”；B选项hard“艰难的”；C选项strict“严格的”；D选项tight“紧的，密封的”。句意：年轻人很难想象他们的父母曾经生活在多么艰苦的条件下。B选项与划线词词义最接近，因此B选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Featureseditor.

B.Magazinereporter.

C.Websitedesigner.

D.Fashiondesigner.

问题2选项

A.Designingsportsclothing.

B.Answeringdailyemails.

C.Consultingfashionexperts.

D.Interviewingjob-seekers.

问题3选项

A.Itisfascinating.

B.Itischallenging.

C.Itistiresome.

D.Itisfashionable.

问题4选项

A.Herconfidence.

B.Herexperience.

C.Hercompetence.

D.Herpersistence.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】ConversationOne

M:[1]TodayourguestisRosieMullenderwhoworksasaFeaturesEditorforFashionmagazine.HiRosie,you’reFeatureseditoratoneofthemostwidelyreadwomen’smagazinesintheU.K.Whatkindofresponsibilitiesdoesthatjobentail?

W:Wespendourdayslookingatideasfromjournalists,writingcopyforthemagazineandwebsite,andediting.Wedorandomthingslikeaskingpeopleinthestreetquestionsandtestingsportsclothing.Wealsodolesstangiblethingslikeunderstandingwhatourreaderswant.It’scertainlyvariedandsometimesbizarre.

M:Duringyourworkingday,whatkindofworkmightyoutypicallydo?

W:[2]Mydaymainlyincorporatesrespondingtoemails,writingandeditingstoriesandcomingupwithnewfeatureideas.

M:HowdoesthejobofFeatureseditordifferfromthatofFashioneditororothereditorialpositions?

W:TheFeaturesteamdealswitharticlessuchascareers,reports,confidenceandconfessions—everythingexceptfashionandbeauty.

M:[3]Alotofpeoplebelievethatworkingatamagazineisaglamorousjob.Isthisanaccuraterepresentationofwhatyoudo?

W:I’dsayit’sglamoroustoanextent,butnotinthewayit’sportrayedinfilms.Wedohaveourmoments,suchasinterviewingcelebritiesandattendingparties,whichisahugethrill.Ultimatelythough,we’rethesameasourreaders,butworkinginajobwe’reallveryluckytohave.

M:Didyouhavetoovercomeanydifficultiestoreachthispointinyourcareer?Howdidyoumanagetodothis?

W:[4]Ihadtobereallypersistentanditwasveryhardwork.Afterthreeyearsofworkinginapetrolstationanddoingunpaidwork,Istillhadn’tmanagedtogetanentry-leveljob.Iwasluckythatmylastdesperateattemptledtoajob.Itoldmyselfthatallexperiencesmakeyouabetterjournalistinthelongrun—andluckilyIwasright.

1.Whatisthewoman’sprofession?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问女士的职业是什么？对话的开头男士就提到今天的嘉宾RosieMullender是《时尚》杂志的特刊编辑（Featureseditor）。因此选项A正确。本题的干扰项是B选项“Magazinereporter”，因为录音中不止一次提到magazine这个词，女士的职业也和杂志有关系，但“杂志记者”不是女士的职业。

2.Whatisoneofthewomansmainresponsibilities?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问女士的主要职责之一是什么？女士说她每天的工作主要包括回复电子邮件和写作、编辑故事等。B选项“回复每天的电子邮件”是录音中respondingtoemails的同义转述，因此正确。本题的干扰项是A选项“Designingsportsclothing”，虽然在录音中有出现“sportsclothing”，但说的是他们会测试运动服装，而不是设计；C选项“咨询时尚专家”在录音中没有相关信息；录音中只提到女士会采访名人，并没有说采访求职者，所以D选项也不正确。

3.Whatdomanypeoplethinkaboutthewoman’sjob?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问的是人们对女士职业的看法。男士提到很多人认为在杂志社工作很有吸引力。A选项中的fascinating“极有吸引力的”是对glamorous的同义替换，因此正确。B选项“很有挑战性的”；C选项“令人厌烦的”和D选项“时髦的”均不正确。

4.Whathelpedthewomantogethercurrentposition?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问是什么帮助女士获得现在的职位？录音最后男士问道，在女士的职业生涯中，是不是要克服什么困难才能达到现在这个位置，她又是怎么做到的。女士的回答是，必须坚持不懈（persistent），因此D选项正确。本题的干扰项B选项中的experience虽然在原文中提及，但女士说的是自己所有的经历都会让她成为一名更好的记者，而不是说她的经历让她到达现在的位置，因此不正确；A选项“她的自信”和C选项“她的能力”在录音中没有提及。

12.填空题

AfterI（1）theuniversityentranceexam,Iwasextremelyupset,becauseIwasalmostsureIhad（2）thetest.Tomy（3）,it（

4）outthatIhadgottenthehighestscoreintheprovince!

句意:大学入学考试考完，我感到非常沮丧，因为我几乎确信自己考试没有通过。然而令我感到意外的是自己最后的实际成绩是省里的最高分。

【答案】1.finished

2.failed

3.surprise

4.tumed

【解析】1.语义题。句意为高考结束，动词finish合适，根据时态为过去式，故用finished。

2.固定搭配。failtheexam考试失败。这里用过去完成时。

3.固定搭配。toone’ssurprise令某人惊讶的是。

4.固定搭配。Itturnsoutthat结果是…。

13.单选题

Theoriginalelectionsweredeclared（

）bytheformermilitaryruler.

问题1选项

A.void

B.vulgar

C.surplus

D.extravagant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。void意为“无效的，空的”；vulgar意为“庸俗的，粗俗的，粗野的”；surplus意为“过剩的”；extravagant意为“奢侈的，挥霍的，过分的”。

句意：最初的选举被先前军事统治统治者宣布无效。

14.单选题

Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynVosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228–thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenVosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.

Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?

ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikeVosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.

Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?”,Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestsbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership–thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.

1.Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligenttest?

2.WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?

3.PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasVosSavant’sbecause______

4.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat______

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtest?

问题1选项

A.Answeringphilosophicalquestions.

B.Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.

C.Tellingthedifferencebetweencertainconcepts.

D.Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.

问题2选项

A.PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.

B.MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.

C.Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.

D.Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence.

问题3选项

A.thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.

B.creativityratherthananalyticalskillsisemphasizednow.

C.VosSavant’scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeat.

D.thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.

问题4选项

A.testscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone’sability.

B.IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated.

C.testinginvolvesalotofguesswork.

D.traditionaltestareoutofdate.

问题5选项

A.Supportive.

B.Skeptical.

C.Impartial.

D.Biased.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“下列哪一项在智力测试中可能需要？”。A项“回答哲学问题”，B项“把纸折成或剪成不同的形状”，C项“说明某些概念之间的区别”，D项“选择与所给相似的词或图”。第一段第三句提到IQtestaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.（智商测试要求你完成口头和视觉分析，要求你在纸张被折叠、剪切后想象它的形状，要求你推论数字的顺序，以及其他类似的项目）以及最后一段第二句Sternberg提到traditionaltestsbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.（传统的测试最恰当地评估了分析能力和语言表达能力，但没有测量创造性和实际知识，这些也是解决问题、在生活中取得成功的关键因素），由此可知智力测试中可能需要创造性和实际知识。A项和C项文中没有提及，属于无中生有；B项与题意不符，文中只是提到在纸张被折叠、剪切后想象它的形状，不是折叠或剪纸张。因此该题只有D项正确。

2.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“从第三段关于智力测试的描述我们可以推断出……？”。第三段的内容主要是描述智力测试的两种形式，斯坦福—比奈智力量表和威斯勒智力量表，这两种都有成人和儿童测试类型；由于测试价格昂贵，通常只有心理学家才进行这些测试，现在一些测试的变种在网上流行。由此可知，儿童和成人的智力测试类型不同。A项“人们不再使用IQ分数作为智力的指标”，第三段最后一句提到Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.（其他标准测试，比如学术能力检测以及研究生入学考试，包含了智商测试的主要方面），因此A项错误。B项“现在网上有更多的IQ测试版本”，第三段第四行提到althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.（尽管这些测试的变种在书店和环球网上流行），可知网上流行的是上文提到的斯坦福—比奈智力量表和威斯勒智力量表这两种测试的变种，而非更多的测试版本，B项与题意不符。D项“科学家们已经确定了人类智力的重要组成部分”文中无提及。因此该题C项“成人和儿童的测试内容和形式有所不同”正确。

3.【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“现在的人们不能再达到像VosSavant那样高的智商分数是因为……？”。第三段第四行有提到SuperhighscoreslikeVosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepecks,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.（得到像VosSavant这样的超高分数再也不可能了，因为现在的分数依据的是相同年龄者的统计学群体分布状况，而不是简单地通过实足年龄乘以100来划分智能年龄），由此得知，人们不能再达到像VosSavant那样高的智商分数是因为计算方法与以前不同。A项“分数是通过不同的计算程序得到的”与题意符合；B项“现在强调的是创造力而不是分析能力”是第四段的信息，内容与题意不符；C项“VosSavant的案例是一个极端的案例，不会重演”和D项“智商测试的定义特征已经改变”文中没有提到，属于无中生有。因此该题A项正确。

4.【试题解析】判断归纳题。题干意思是“从最后一段我们可以推断出……？”。文章最后一段指出，有专家认为，标准测试不可能评估在学校和生活中取得成功所需的所有重要因素，随后解释了这种观点，指出传统的测试最恰当地评估了分析能力和语言表达能力，而且一旦人口或环境发生变化，智商测试就不一定预测得那么准确，并且应试能力也很重要。这说明智商测试不可能真实反映一个人的能力。A项“考试成绩可能不是一个人能力的可靠指标”符合题意；B项“智商分数和SAT成绩高度相关”与文意相反；C项“测试涉及大量的猜测”属于夸大其词；D项“传统测试过时了”属于无中生有。因此该题A项正确。

5.【试题解析】主观态度题。题干意思是“作者对智力测试的态度是怎样的？”。A项“支持的”，B项“怀疑的”，C项“公平的”，D项“有偏见的”。文章最后一段，作者引用了Sternberg的话，IQtestdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange（一旦人口或环境发生变化，智商测试就不一定预测得那么准确），以及后面提到IQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership–thatis,itpredictedtheopposite（如果在低压力状况下进行智商测试，那么这种测试就可以预测领导才能，但是，在高压力状况下，智商测试所得的结果与领导才能的关系是否定的，也就是说，它预测的结果是相反的），由此可以看出作者对IQ测试是持有怀疑态度的。A项与作者态度相反，因此错误；D项和C项不符合作者态度，因此只有B选项正确。

15.单选题

Wearewritingtothemanager（）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

问题1选项

A.withtheexceptionof

B.withthepurposeof

C.withreferenceto

D.withaviewto

【答案】C

【解析】短语辨析。句意：我们正在给经理写信，

近期在上述地址开展的维修工作。withtheexceptionof除……以外；withthepurposeof目的是；withreferenceto关于；withaviewto为了。因此，C项符合句意。

16.单选题

Afterdecidingonaspecificareaofadvancedstudy,prospectivestudentsmustresolvewhethertoaimatamaster’soraPh.D.（1）theacceleratingcomplexityofwhatanengineermustknow,manyemployershave（2）toregardamaster’sdegreeasminimumtraining.Therefore,thetypicaltwoyearsrequiredtoearnanM.S.（3）ausefulinvestmentoftime,energyandmoney.Enrolling（4）doctoralprogramswhichcould（5）outforseveralyears-involvesamuchgreater（6）oftimeandthelossoftheopportunitytoearnapay-check,nottomentionconsiderablygreaterriskofunemployment.Aspecialtythatis,（7）whenastudentsetsoffontheroadtowardaPh.D.couldbein（8）bythetimethatindividualgraduates.Still,earningadoctoratecanleadtojobsthathavearesearchfocusandrequireaveryhighlevelofsophistication.

Thedoctoraldegreecanalsooffergreaterprofessional（9）,asCollinHitchcockrealizes.Hitchcock,isinaPh.D.programinelectrical,computer,andsystemsengineeringatRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteinTroy,NY.Hisresearchproject:studyingsemiconductorsinsolarcells.“Thereprobablywon’tbealotofjobsdoingresearchwithsolarcellswhenIgraduate,butIcouldshift（10）tootherkindsofsemiconductors.”saysHitchcock.

问题1选项

A.Concerning

B.Regarding

C.Given

D.Including

问题2选项

A.insisted

B.come

C.managed

D.got

问题3选项

A.supposes

B.terms

C.signs

D.represents

问题4选项

A.over

B.at

C.in

D.by

问题5选项

A.run

B.stretch

C.turn

D.last

问题6选项

A.commitment

B.spending

C.waste

D.dedication

问题7选项

A.depressing

B.acceptable

C.booming

D.promising

问题8选项

A.favor

B.decline

C.decrease

D.common

问题9选项

A.option

B.performance

C.flexibility

D.level

问题10选项

A.links

B.gears

C.steer

D.windscreen

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:B

【解析】第1题:考查介词辨析与上下文语义。A项concerning“关于，就……而言”，B项regarding“关于，至于”，C项given“考虑到”，D项including“包括”。上文提到prospectivestudentsmustresolvewhethertoaimatamaster’soraPh.D.（毕业生必须决定是否继续攻读硕士学位或是博士学位），接着下文提到theacceleratingcomplexityofwhatanengineermustknow（工程师必须知道的东西越来越复杂），可知，上下文具有因果关系，故选given合适。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第2题:考查动词辨析和固定搭配。A项insist“坚持，强调”，一般与on搭配，insiston表示“坚持”；B项come“开始，出现”；C项mana