新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4（思政智慧版）课件 Unit1 Urban development Section B

Unit1Urbandevelopment读写教程4Cityplansmustfitthepeople,nottheotherwayround!—JaneJacobs(American-Canadianurbanologistandwriter)SectionBReadingskillsTextBReading

comprehensionCollocation新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Readingskills1

SkimTextBtofindanswerstothefollowingquestions.1Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Thistextismainlyaboutthetrendofdeurbanization/thetrendofmovingawayfromcities.2Whatisthemainfactorthattriggersdeurbanizationaccordingtotheauthor?Themainfactorthattriggersdeurbanizationistechnologicaldevelopment.Thespecificareasoftechnologydiscussedinthetextincludedecentralizedsupplysystems,digitaltechnology,andautomationandrobotics.SkimmingSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Readingskills1

SkimTextBtofindanswerstothefollowingquestions.3Whichparagraphsofthetextfocusonthedisadvantagesoflivingincities?Paras.8-10focusonthedisadvantagesoflivingincities.Theauthormentionsanumberofdownsidesofcitiessuchasthehecticpaceoflife,constraintsonhouseholdorrentexpenditure,theformationofheatislands,andpotentialproblemscausedbytheshrinkingofcities(e.g.economicdifficultiesanddecliningincomes).SkimmingSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程41Althoughtheglobalfinancialcrisisfollowingahousingbubbleoccurredbetween2007and2010,it’sstillscaryandunforgettabletomanyofustoday.Chancesarethatthenextfinancialcrisiswillfocusoncitiesbecausewemaysoonseetheendofurbanization.Manymayconsiderthisanexaggeration–afterall,citiesprovidenumerousbenefitstopeople.Thisistrue,butnewtechnologiesnowadaysaremakingurbanizationunnecessary,soit’stimefordeurbanization.EmbracethetrendofdeurbanizationDetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程42Itmakessensethatproximity,orcloseness,broughtaboutbyurbanizationorcentralization,letsyoureducecommutingtimeandexpenses.Themorepeopleliveclosetogether,thelargeryoursalesmarketis.Citiesalsoofferjobandeducationopportunitiesasfactories,schools,andserviceprovidersarewithineasyreach.Inaddition,proximityallowsthecostofinfrastructures,suchasroads,sewers,andelectricitylines,tobeshared.Asaresult,citiesbecomemagnetsforwealth,money,services,opportunities,andpeople.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext3Doesn’tthatmeanwewillcontinuetoliveincities?Ithinknot,becauseoftheFourthIndustrialRevolution,whichismarkedbyemergingtechnologybreakthroughsinanumberoffields.Amongthesearerobotics,artificialintelligence,nanotechnology,biotechnology,theInternetofThings,autonomousvehiclesandothers,whichareleadingtoprofoundchangesintheentiresystemsofproductionandmanagementofoursociety.SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程44Thesenewtechnologieswill,inonewayoranother,reducethebenefitsofcities.Theneedforproximitywilldeclinewithnewtechnologies,whetherit’sremoteworking,onlinedating,oronlineshopping.Thoughthehome-deliverymarketforfoodandmerchandiseisinthemidstofaboom,newtechnologiesdonotneedroads,justtransportation,whetherbyplaneorflyingcar.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程45Infact,decentralizationinthesupplysystemsofdailynecessitiesisonthehorizon.Forinstance,manypeoplereceivedrinkingwaterfromthetap,whiledecentralizedalternativescannowharvestwaterfromtheairandcreatecleanwaterinsubstantialquantities.Decentralizedsewersystemscanalsotakecareofwastewater.Wecanalsogenerateelectricitywithsolarpanels,windturbines,andlivingplantstochargeourtablet,bakeacake,warmourhouse,andfuelourcar.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程46Backinthelate1990s,evenmanyeminentpeoplewerevagueaboutdigitaltechnology.Theyunderestimateditsmassiveimpact,thinkingmobilephoneswereanunrealisticideaandgoingwirelesswiththeInternetofThingsseemedtobethedistantfuture.Theyneverimaginedwhatitwouldbeliketoday.Smartphonesarenowunquestionably

popularized.With4Gand5Gbeingused,virtualproximitywillreachawholenewlevelbeyondwhatispossiblewithourcurrentapps.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程47Furthermore,automation

androbotizationwillundoubtedlyhavesignificantimplicationsforbothblue-collarandwhite-collarwork,withabouthalfofthejobsgivingwaytocomputerization.Newjobswillinevitablybecreatedbytechnology–yetthetypesofjobswillbedifferentandthenumbercanberathersmallcomparedtothatofthejobslost.Thiswillerodemanypeople’sconfidenceinlandingjobsincities.Socontemplatingyourfuturecareerprospectsisamustnow.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程48Removingtheadvantagesofcity-livingleavesonlyitsdisadvantages,suchasthehecticpaceoflife,constraints

onhouseholdorrentexpenditure,andlittleavailablespaceforpersonalrecreation.Ifyouareinafinanciallyvulnerablestate,orworryaboutlivingonthefringeofsociety,youmayfeelcompelledtoworkharderandchangeyourstatusquo.Withoutaclearwayout–thewaytolivebetter–thismentalstatecancauseanguishanddistress,abreedinggroundforbiggerproblems.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程49Buttheproblemsdon’tendthere.Citiescanformurbanheatislands.Simplyput,thismeansurbanareasbecomemuchwarmerandmorehumidthantheirruralsurroundings.Darksurfacesabsorbsunlightmoreeffectively,andthethermalpropertiesofconcreteandsteelindicatetheycontainfarmoreheatthanplants.Plantscooltheirsurroundingsthroughevapotranspiration;concreteandsteelareunabletodothis.Consequently,heatislandscansignificantlydecreaseairandwaterquality,whichiscatastrophicsinceitbringsdiseases,ailments,andallergies.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程410Anotherphenomenonthatisassociatedwiththedecreasingdesirabilityofcitiesisthatnoteverycityisgrowing.Thedepartureoflargeemployersfromanarea,unabletokeeptheirbusinessafloat,canputcitiesinaneconomicdilemma.Thisstartsaviciouscircleinvolvingfallinghousingdemandandprices,alackofmoneytomaintainproperties,anddecliningtaxincomes,possiblyprovokinganewfinancialcrisis.Withautomationandartificialintelligenceleadingtolargejobreductionsinmanyindustries,wemayexpecttoseemoreshrinkingcities.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程411

Giventhemanydownsidesofcities,whyshouldwestillmoveintocitieswhentheirleverageandvigorarediminishing?Whyshouldwepayalotofmoneytoliveinclosequarterswithotherpeopleandnotreapthebenefits?Itseemsirrationaltocontinuemovingintocitieswhenthingsarebecomingdecentralized.Yet,itseemsthatalmosteverybodyintheworldassumesurbanizationwillremainandcontinue.Havetheyeverthoughtaboutthecumulativeeffectsofurbanization?DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程412Deurbanizationisimperative.Whiletheadvantagesofacitymayoutweighthedisadvantagesforsomepeople,it’snolongerthecaseforeveryone.Evenifsomejobswouldn’tbeaffectedbyshiftsintechnology,thereisstillthefactofshrinkingcitiestoconsider.Wehavemovedtowardcitiesbecausethey’rewheretheopportunitiesusedtobe,butwecandeducethattheprospectsofthefuturewillbesomewhereelse.Therefore,let’sbidfarewelltotheheartlandofmajorcitiesandembracethetrendofdeurbanization!Detailedstudyofthetext★deurbanization:n.[U]thedemographicandsocialprocessbywhichpeoplemovefromurbanareastoruralareas逆城市化SeveralAmericancitiesarenowfacedwithlarge-scaledeurbanization,whichresultsinvacanthomes,abandonedbuildings,andemptyfactories.好几个美国城市现在都面临大规模的逆城市化，导致出现了许多空置的房屋、废弃的建筑和空荡荡的工厂。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Althoughtheglobalfinancialcrisishappenedbetween2007and2010asaresultofaneconomicbubbleinthehousingmarket,manyofusstillfeelscaredandcannotforgetiteventoday.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Itislikelythatthenextfinancialcrisiswillaffectmostlycitiesbecauseurbanizationmaysooncometoanend.Manypeoplemaythinkthisideaistooextremetobetruebecausecitiesprovidepeoplewithlotsofbenefits.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Note(the)chancesare:usedforsayingthatsth.islikelytohappenbutisnotcertain有可能Ifyou’vebeentoaweddinglately,chancesarethatyou’veheardthatsongbecauseitisoneofthemostpopularlovesongsthesedays.如果你近期参加过婚礼，你就有可能听过这首歌，因为它是当前最流行的情歌之一。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Thatseemstomeanwewillcontinuetoliveincities.ButIdon’tthinkso,becauseoftheFourthIndustrialRevolution,duringwhichsignificanttechnologicalinnovationsaretakingplaceinmanyfields.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★proximity:n.[U](fml.)nearnessindistanceortime（距离或时间的）接近，临近；邻近Whathomebuyerslikebestaboutthisneighborhoodisitsproximitytotheriver.购房者最喜欢这个社区的一点是它靠近河流。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★centralization:n.[U]theprocessofgatheringtoacenter集于中心；集中MoretimelydatacentralizationthroughInternetaccessallowsustobuildasystemforsharingpublichealthdata.通过互联网更及时地集中数据，我们可以建立一个公共健康数据共享系统。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★commute:vi.travelalongdistanceeverydaybetweenone’shomeandplaceofwork长途上下班；通勤Metrotrainisthemostconvenientoptionformetocommutebetweenmysuburbanhomeanddowntownofficeeveryday.地铁是我每天上下班往返于郊区住宅和市区办公室之间最便利的选择。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Asaresult,citiesbecomeplacesthatattractalotofwealth,money,services,andpeople,andprovidemanyopportunities.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★magnet:n.[C]1)sth.orsb.thatattractsmanypeopleorthings有吸引力的事物或人Withitsuniquestyleandartisticdecorations,thetheaterhasbecomeamagnetforthecity’screativeandfashionableyoungpeople.该剧院以其独特的风格和艺术装饰吸引了这座城市富有创意且时尚的年轻人。

SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)apieceofironorsteelthatcansticktometalormakeothermetalobjectsmovetowardit磁铁；磁石；吸铁石Thisexperimentissupposedtoletthechildrenseewhetherthemagnetwillattractmaterialslikepaperclips,coins,etc.这个实验是让孩子们看看磁铁会不会吸住回形针、硬币等物品。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Thatseemstomeanwewillcontinuetoliveincities.ButIdon’tthinkso,becauseoftheFourthIndustrialRevolution,duringwhichsignificanttechnologicalinnovationsaretakingplaceinmanyfields.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★industrial:a.1)relatingtoindustryorthepeopleworkinginit工业的；产业工人的DespiteaslightfallinJune,industrialproductionintheregionwasstill2.6percenthighercomparedtoayearearlier.尽管该地区的工业产量在六月份稍有下降，但是与上一年相比仍上升了2.6%。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)havingmanyindustries有很多工业的；工业发达的Climatewillcontinuetoworsenunlesstheworld’sindustrialnationssignificantlyreducetheiremissionsofgreenhousegases.

除非世界上的工业国家大幅度减少温室气体的排放，否则气候将继续恶化。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Thesefieldsincludeareasofscienceandtechnologyrelatedtorobots,artificialintelligence,nanotechnology,biotechnology,theInternetofThings,self-drivingcars,andothers.Alltheseareleadingtogreatchangesintheentireproductionandmanagementsystemsofhumansociety.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★robotics:n.[U]thescienceofmakingandusingrobots机器人学；机器人技术Manylow-endmanufacturingjobswilldisappearbecauseofautomationandrobotics.

由于自动化和机器人技术的使用，许多低端的制造业工作都将消失。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★nanotechnology:n.[U]asciencewhichinvolvesdevelopingandmakingextremelysmallbutverypowerfulmachines纳米技术Thelabisconductingseveralresearchprojectstoexplorepotentialapplicationsofnanotechnologyinfieldslikemedicine,transportation,andfashion.这个实验室正在开展数个研究项目，以探索纳米技术在医学、交通和时尚等领域的潜在应用。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Theneedforpeopleandthingstobeclosetoeachotherwilldecreaseduetonewtechnologies,nomatterwhethertheyaretechnologiesforremoteworking,onlinedating,oronlineshopping.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Althoughthemarketfordeliveringfoodandgoodstopeople’shomesisgrowing,newtechnologiesdonotneedroadstodothedelivery.Instead,theyjustneedtotransportthingsanditdoesn’tmatterifthisisdonebyplaneorflyingcar.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★merchandise:n.[U](fml.)goodsthatarebeingsold商品；货品Companiescanavoiddutieswhenexportingorimportingmerchandiseiftheyarelocatedintheseforeign-tradezones.如果公司位于这些外贸区的话，进出口商品时就可以免交关税。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★midst:n.(inthe~ofsth.)1)whileaneventorsituationishappening在某事的进行过程中；正当某事发生的时候Chinaisinthemidstoftransitioningfromamanufacturing-basedeconomytoonedrivenbyinnovationandknowledge.中国正处于从以制造业为基础的经济向以创新和知识为驱动的经济转型的过程中。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)inthemiddleofaplaceoragroupofthingsorpeople在（某地）中部；在（一堆事物或一群人）中间I’mproudthatourcampussitsinthemidstofthisancientculturalcapital.我很自豪我们的校园坐落在这座文化古都的中心。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Infact,decentralizationinthesupplysystemofgoodsthatareessentialtolifeislikelytohappensoon.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★decentralization:n.[U]1)movingtheoperationsofabusinessorotherorganizationsfromasingle,centralplacetoseveralsmallerones（公司或其他组织的业务）分散化；疏散Aspartofanationaldecentralizationproject,theorganizationistransferringmoreaspectsofitsservicestothemunicipallevel.

作为一项全国范围内分散化项目的一部分，该机构正将更多服务转移到市级层面进行。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)theactorprocessofgivingsomeofthepowerofacentralgovernment,organization,etc.tosmallerpartsororganizationsaroundthecountry权力分散；下放权力Thecountry’sdecentralizationpoliciesintherecentdecadeaimtoincreaseurbanizationanddevelopmentinareasoutsidethecapitalcity.近十年来该国的权力下放政策旨在提升首都以外地区的城市化水平，促进发展。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★onthehorizon:likelytohappeninthenearfuture将要发生的；即将来临的Ididn’thaveanyotherjobonthehorizon,soIacceptedthistemporaryposition.我近期不会有其他工作机会，所以就接受了这个临时职位。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Forexample,manypeoplegetthewatertheydrinkfromthetap,butalternativesystemsestablishedinsmallerandlocalplacesinsteadofacentralplacenowenablepeopletocollectwaterfromtheairandthencreatelargeamountsofcleanwater.Sewersystemsestablishedinlocalplacescanalsoprocesswastewater.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★instance:

n.1)(for~)forexample例如Itishealthytohaveanicebreakfasteveryday.Youmight,forinstance,startyourdaywithabreakfastofonesliceofbreadandaglassofmilk.每天吃一顿美味的早餐有益健康。比如，你可以用一片面包加一杯牛奶作为早餐来开始一天的生活。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)[C]anexampleofaparticularkindofsituation（特定情况的）例子，实例Acertainpercentageofmedicalcuresmaybeinstancesofspontaneoushealingratherthanresultsoftreatment.医疗治愈的例子中可能有一定比例是自我康复而非治疗的结果。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★alternative:

n.[C]sth.thatyoucanchooseinsteadofsth.else供替代的选择；供选择的东西Toenablefastergrowth,wehavenoalternativebuttorelyonscientificandtechnologicalprogress.为实现快速发展，我们别无选择，必须依靠科技进步。a.(onlybeforenoun)differentfromsth.elseandabletobeusedinsteadofit供替代的；供选择的Thisplanisnotworkable;wemustcomeupwithanalternativemethod.这个计划行不通，我们必须想其他的方法。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Inaddition,wecanuseequipmentforsolarorwindenergyandlivingplantstoproduceelectricitytochargeourtabletcomputer,bakeacake,heatourhouse,andfuelourcar.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★solar:

a.(onlybeforenoun)1)usingthepowerofthesun’slightandheat利用太阳光（能）的Windandsolarenergyarebecomingincreasinglyaffordable,butneithercanproduceelectricitycontinuously.风能和太阳能变得越来越便宜，但是二者都不能持续产生电力。2)relatingtothesun太阳的；和太阳有关的Thelabisbuildinganadvancedinstrumenttodetectplanetsorbitingstarsoutsidethesolarsystem.该实验室正在建造一部先进仪器，以探测太阳系以外围绕恒星运行的行星。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★panel:n.[C]1)aflatpieceofwood,glass,etc.withstraightsides,whichformspartofadoor,wall,fence,etc.（门、墙、栅栏等的）镶板，嵌板；窗玻璃片Thealuminumpanelsofthedoorcanvaryinthickness,andthethicknessofthealuminumisthebasisofhowthegaragedoorisgraded.门的铝板厚度不同，而铝板的厚度是车库门分级的基础。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)agroupofpeoplewithskillsorspecialistknowledgewhohavebeenchosentogiveadviceoropinionsonaparticularsubject（由选定人员组成的）专家咨询组Therewillbeapanelofexpertsfromacrossthecountrytoansweryourquestionsandgiveyouup-to-dateinformationabouttheissue.将有来自全国各地的专家小组回答您的问题，并为您提供有关该问题的最新信息。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★solarpanel:n.[C]apieceofequipment,usu.keptonaroof,thatcollectsandusesenergyfromthesuntoheatwaterormakeelectricity（通常放在屋顶的）太阳能电池板Inadditiontobuildinglargesolarfarms,installingsolarpanelsonvillagers’roofsisalsoanimportantoptiontoproducesolarpower.除了建造大型太阳能发电场，在村民的屋顶上安装太阳能电池板也是生产太阳能电力的一个重要选择。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★windturbine:n.[C]风力发电机Althoughsmallwindturbinesmakeeconomicsenseinmanylocations,they’renotforeveryoneastheytakeupalotofland.尽管小型风力发电机在许多地方都有经济意义，但因为需要占用大量土地，所以并不适用于所有人。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Backinthelate1990s,evenmanyfamousandrespectedpeoplewereunsureaboutdigitaltechnology.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★eminent:a.famous,important,andrespected著名的；杰出的；显赫的Ithasbeenveryrewardingfortheteachertoseesomanyofhisstudentsgoontobecomeeminentlawyers,judges,andscholars.看到他这么多学生后来成为著名的律师、法官和学者，这位老师很有成就感。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Theythoughtdigitaltechnologywouldhaveamuchsmallerimpactthanithasactuallyhad.Theyconsideredmobilephonesanimpracticalideaforlarge-scaledigitalcommunication.TheyalsobelievedthatwirelesscommunicationthroughtheInternetofThingswassomethingthatwouldn’tbeavailableuntilthefarfuture.Theyneverimaginedwhatthesituationwouldbeliketoday.Thereisnodoubtthatsmartphoneshavenowbecomeverypopularandcommon.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★underestimate:v.thinkorguessthatsth.issmaller,cheaper,easier,etc.thanitreallyis（对…）估计不足；低估；看轻Atfirst,traditionalretailerswerereluctanttosetuptheirownonlinestoresbecausetheyunderestimatedthepowerofInternetsales.起初，传统零售商不愿意开网店，因为他们低估了互联网销售的力量。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetextvt.thinkthatsb.isnotasgood,clever,orskillfulastheyreallyare轻视，小看（某人）Herplanwasreallybrilliant.Clearlywehadunderestimatedherfromtheverybeginning.她的计划真的很棒。很显然，我们从一开始就小看了她。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★unquestionably:ad.usedtoemphasizethatsth.iscertainlytrue毫无疑问地；无可置疑地；肯定地Summerisunquestionablymyfavoriteseason,becauseIjustlovethesmellofthetreesandfruitsonthisisland.夏天无疑是我最喜欢的季节，因为我很喜欢岛上树木和水果的味道。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★popularize:vt.1)makesth.popularwithmanypeople使受欢迎；宣传；推广Themusicshehelpedpopularizeisablendofold-timeMexicanfolkmusicandcontemporaryU.S.pop.她帮助推广的音乐融合了古老的墨西哥民间音乐和当代美国的流行音乐。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)makeadifficultsubjectorideaabletobeeasilyunderstoodbyordinarypeople使通俗化；使大众化；使易懂Mostgeneralnewspapershavesectionsinwhichtheydiscussscientificprogressandpopularizescientificdiscoveries.

多数大众报纸都会有讨论科学进步和普及科学发现的版块。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Withtheuseof4Gand5G,virtualclosenesswillreachanentirelynewlevelthatexceedswhatispossiblewithourcurrentapps.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:What’smore,thereisnodoubtthattheuseofcomputers,machines,androbotstoperformvarioustaskswillhaveagreatimpactonbothblue-collarandwhite-collarjobs,andabouthalfofthejobswillbereplacedbycomputers.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★automation:n.[C]

theuseofcomputersandmachinesinsteadofpeopletodoajob自动化Thisexpressdeliverycompanyismakingacomprehensiveautomationplanthatinvolveslarge-scaleuseofrobotstosortlettersandpackages.这家快递公司正在制定一项全面的自动化计划，该计划将大规模使用机器人来分拣信件和包裹。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★robotization:n.[U]theintroductionofrobotstocarryoutvarioustasks自动化；机器人化Increasingrobotizationoffactoriesistransformingtraditionalmanufacturingindustries,creatingnewopportunitiesforbusinessesandworkersalike.工厂自动化程度的不断提高正在改变传统制造业，为企业和工人创造新的机会。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Thiswillcausemanypeopletobecomelessconfidentaboutfindingjobsincities.Therefore,youmustconsiderthepossibilityofyourfuturecareernow.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★erode:v.1)graduallyreducesth.suchassb.’spowerorconfidence逐步损害，逐渐削弱（权力或信心）Hisimaginationofthatpositionwasgraduallyerodedashebegantounderstanditsdailyduties.当他开始了解这份工作的日常职责时，他对该职位的幻想逐渐破灭了。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)graduallydestroythesurfaceofrockorlandsothatitbeginstodisappear,orbegraduallydestroyedinthisway侵蚀；腐蚀；风化Thewavescreatedbylargeshipsastheysailedtoandfromtheportseverelyerodedthenowtreelessriverbanks.大型船只进出港口时带来的波浪严重侵蚀了本就树木全无的河岸。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Notesth.isamust:sth.isabsolutelynecessary;youmustdoorhavesth.inaparticularsituation…是必不可少的；（在某种情况下）必须要…，必须有…Publictransportationislimitedinasmalltownlikethis,soformostpeopleacarisamust.像这样的小镇上公共交通很有限，所以对大多数人来说，汽车是必不可少的。Ifyouareplanningtostayovernightinthemountains,warmclothesareamust.如果你们打算在山里过夜，必须要有保暖的衣服。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Oncetheadvantagesoflivingincitiesdisappear,thereareonlydisadvantagesleft.Forexample,yourlifeisbusyeverydayandyouhavetodoeverythingquickly;youhavelimitedfinancialabilitytopayforfamilyneedsortopayrent;andyoucan’teasilyfindaspaceforpersonalleisureactivities.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★constraint:n.1)[C]sth.thatlimitsyourfreedomtodowhatyouwant限制；束缚；约束力Duetotimeandfinancialconstraints,theresearchteamdeterminedthatthenumberofschoolstobesurveyedshouldbereducedbyhalf.因为时间和财力的限制，研究团队决定将调研的学校数量减半。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)[U]controloverthewaypeopleareallowedtobehave,sothattheycannotdowhattheywant行为约束Theseopen-endedquestionsprovidestudentstheopportunitytorespondwithoutconstraintandhelpthemdevelopcriticalthinkingabilities.

这些开放式问题为学生提供了自由回答的机会，帮助他们培养思辨能力。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★expenditure:n.1)[C,U]moneyspentbyagovernment,organization,orperson花费；开销；支出Businesseswerecautiousaboutinvesting,andcapitalexpenditurewasflataftera0.1percentdeclineinthepreviousthreemonths.企业对投资很谨慎，资本支出在前三个月下降了0.1%之后保持平稳。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)[U]theuseoftime,money,energy,etc.doingsth.耗费；使用Itisverylikelythatsuchabigresearchprojectmayrequiretheexpenditureofseveralmilliondollars.这么大的一个研究项目很可能需要耗费数百万美元。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★recreation:n.[C,U]anactivitythatyoudoforpleasureoramusement消遣；娱乐Ifyoudon’thaveanytimeforrecreation,exercise,friends,houseduties,orromance,youmayneedtoseriouslyconsidermakingachangeinyourlife.如果你没有任何时间娱乐、锻炼、交友、做家务或谈恋爱，那么你可能需要认真考虑改变一下你的生活。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Ifyoudon’tfeelfinanciallysecureorworrythatyouarenotpartofmainstreamsociety,youmayfeelastrongneedtoworkharderandchangeyoursituation.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★vulnerable:a.1)easilydamagedorhurtbysth.negativeorharmful脆弱的；易受伤的Supportingthemostvulnerablemembersofoursocietyshouldnotbeviewedasanexpenditure,butasacontributiontotheeradicationofpovertyandinequality.帮助社会中最弱势的那些人不应被看作是一项开销，而应被看作是对消除贫困和不平等的贡献。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)easytoattackorcriticize易受攻击的；易受责难的Heknewclearlythathistheorywasveryvulnerableasitwaspoorlytestedandbadlyconstructed.他清楚地知道自己的理论很薄弱，因为这个理论没有经过充分的验证，构建也不完善。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★fringe:n.[C]1)theouterorlessimportantpartofanarea,group,oractivity（地区或群体的）边缘，外围；（活动的）次要部分Thehouseherentedwasclosetoalake,andtheyardendedatalineoftrees,thefrin