考研考博-英语-天津工程职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津工程职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver.Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone.Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger.

Theauthoralsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight.Withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.

RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith"reallystupidbehavior"thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience."Thebasicissue"hesays,"isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis."

Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate(使缓解)theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequiresthatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightofpassengerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.

Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers.Californiaisthestrictest,withanovicedriverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.

1.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?

2.AccordingtoRobertFoss,thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto（

）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers'drivingaccidentsisthat

（

）.

5.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem（

）.

问题1选项

A.Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.

B.Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.

C.Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.

D.Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.

问题2选项

A.theirfrequentdrivingatnight

B.theirimproperwayofdriving

C.theirlackofdrivingexperience

D.theirdrivingwithpassengers

问题3选项

A.Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.

B.Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.

C.Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.

D.Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers'drivingaccidents.

问题4选项

A.drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearule

B.theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengers

C.theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveafter10p.m.

D.thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved

问题5选项

A.isunderdiscussion

B.isabouttobesetup

C.hasbeenputintoeffect

D.hasbeenperfected

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干要求判断四个选项中哪种情况最危险。根据原文前两段可知，青少年驾车载着超过3名乘客出行发生致命事故的概率是那些独自开车青少年的3倍，而青少年司机的死亡率在晚上10点，特别是午夜之后急剧上升。因此，B选项正确。A选项“成年人在晚上10点钟后搭载青少年”与C选项“成年人在晚上很晚时搭载3名以上青少年乘客”均不正确。D选项“青少年在午夜搭陌生人的车”在原文没有提及，可排除。

2.细节事实题。题干询问RobertFoss认为青少年死亡率高的原因。根据题干定位至原文第三段第一句可知，青少年司机的死亡率高与其真正愚蠢的行为关系不大，而是因为他们缺乏驾驶经验，故本题正确答案为C。A选项“频繁在晚上驾驶”：B选项“他们不恰当的驾驶方式”；D选项“他们载乘客驾驶”均与原文不符，故排除。

3.细节事实题。A选项“青少年应该花更多的时间学习驾驶”在原文并未提及，可排除；B选项“驾驶对青少年来说太复杂了所以学不会”，属于无中生有，可排除；C选项“青少年申请参加驾驶课程应当有一些限制”由第三段内容不能得出，可排除。根据原文第三段最后一句可知，根本问题是，负责发放驾照的成年人没有意识到驾驶是一项多么复杂和需要熟练度的任务。也就是说驾照发行机构应该对此事负有一定的责任。因此，只有D项与原文内容相符，故本题正确答案为D选项。

4.事实细节题。根据原文倒数第二段thewaytomitigatetheproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems可知，缓解青少年驾驶事故的方法是建立所谓的驾照分级许可制度，因此D选项“改善驾照许可制度”正确。A选项为“规定青少年要在成人陪同下驾驶”；B选项为“应该不准他们载客”：C选项为“应该禁止他们晚上10点后开车”。A、B、C三项均不符合题意，因此本题正确答案为D项。

5.事实细节题。根据题干定位至原文最后一段第二句Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesoilofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers可知，美国现在大约有一半的州已经有了分级许可制度，但只有10个州对乘客有限制。说明这种制度已经建立了，只是还不够完善。A选项“在讨论中”、B选项“即将建立”和C选项“已经被实施”都不符合，因此本题正确答案为C项。

2.翻译题

A.TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.(3x5)

1.Werecognizethatinthelongrun,innovationisakeydriverofgrowthforbothindividualcountriesandtheglobaleconomyasawhole.Wearecommittedtotacklingoneoftherootcausesofweakgrowthbytakinginnovationasakeyelementofourefforttoidentifynewgrowthenginesforindividualcountriesandtheworldeconomy.

2.Recognizingthedetrimentaleffectsofcorruptionandillicitfinanceflowsonequitableallocationofpublicresources,sustainableeconomicgrowth,theintegrityoftheglobalfinancialsystemandtheruleoflaw,wewillreinforcetheG20’seffortstoenhanceinternationalcooperationagainstcorruption,whilefullyrespectinginternationallaw,humanrightsandtheruleoflawaswellasthesovereigntyofeachcountry.

3.ThepridewefeelwhensomeonefromournationwinsaNobelPrizeisdifferentfromtheonewefeelwitnessingoneofourathleteswinninganOlympicmedal.Wedon’tfeeltheprideofourtribedemonstratingsuperiorityoverothertribes.Rather,it'sthepridethatcomesfromknowingthatoneofushasmadeasignificantcontributiontoourcommonhumanendeavor.

【答案】1.我们认识到，创新是各国和全球经济长期增长的重要动力。我们致力于解决经济增长疲软的根源问题之一，将创新作为我们努力为各国和世界经济寻找新的增长引擎的关键因素。

2.认识到腐败和非法资金流动对公共资源公平分配、可持续经济增长的不利影响，以及破坏全球金融体系的完整性和法治，我们将加强二十国集团的反腐败国际合作，同时充分尊重国际法、人权、法治以及各国主权。

3.当我们看到来自我们国家的人获得诺贝尔奖时心里产生的那种自豪感，与我们看到我国运动员收获奥运奖牌时油然而生的自豪感不同。我们内心并不会有一种优越感认为我们的民族优于其他民族，恰恰相反，获得诺贝尔奖的自豪感是源于得知我们当中的某个人对全人类的共同努力做出了重大贡献。

3.单选题

Hewasalwaysdecliningtheirinvitationsonthe（）ofillhealth.

问题1选项

A.grounds

B.reason

C.excuse

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。根据题干可知考查onthegroundof“以……为理由，根据”。句意：他总是以身体不好为由拒绝他们的邀请。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Itshowshoweconomicandsocialand,aboveall,politicalchangeshaveplayedtheir

part,sothat,correctly（

）,thepostagestampinwhichmillionsofpeople,youngand

old,findpleasure,knowledgeandevenprofit,hasalwaysbeenafaithfulmirrorofthetimes.

问题1选项

A.interpreting

B.beinginterpreted

C.tobeinterpreted

D.interpreted

【答案】D

【解析】非谓语动词的用法。A选项interpreting动词的分词形式，表示主动；B选项beinginterpreted动词被动语态的分词形式；C选项tobeinterpreted动词被动语态的不定式，表示将来或打算；D选项interpreted动词的过去分词。句意：最重要的是，这说明了经济、社会、政治变化如何发挥作用，从而，正确理解应该是，…分析句子可知空格前的内容与interpret之间为被动关系，且应该是过去发生，而不是正在发生或将要发生，D选项正确。

5.单选题

Whilemanypeopleutilizehomeopathicremediestotreathealthproblems,otherpeopledonot（

）suchalternativetreatments,（

）conventionalmedicaltreatments

instead.

问题1选项

A.distrust...employing

B.embrace...eschewing

C.countenance...relyingon

D.recommend...turningfrom

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项distrust“不信任，怀疑”；employ“雇佣”；B选项embrace“拥抱”；eschew“避开”；C选项countenance“赞成”；relyon“依靠，依赖”；D选项recommend“推荐”；turnfrom“对…感到厌恶”。根据句意‘当很多人使用顺势疗法来治疗健康问题时，其他人并不赞成这样的治疗方法，而是更信赖传统的药物治疗。’C选项正确。

6.单选题

Thisbookisthe（

）ofsome20yearsofscientificresearch.

问题1选项

A.participation

B.tolerance

C.alliance

D.outcome

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项participation“参与；分享；参股”；B选项tolerance“公差；宽容；容忍”；C选项alliance“联盟；联姻”；D选项outcome“结果；成果”。句意：这本书是20多年科学研究的……。由句意和选项分析可知，书只能是研究“成果”，因此D选项正确。

7.翻译题

1.当前和今后一个时期，中国经济将继续保持健康发展势头，国内需求特别是消费需求将持续扩大，对外投资也将大幅增加。据测算，今后5年，中国将进口10万亿美元左右的商品，对外投资规模将达到5000亿美元，出境旅游有可能超过4亿人次。

【答案】【参考译文】

1.Atpresentandinthefutureperiod,Chinawillcontinuetomaintainitshealthygrowthtrend.Itsdomesticdemand,particularlyconsumption-drivendemandwillcontinuetogrowanditsinvestmentinforeigncountrieswillincreasegreatly.Itisestimatedthatinthenextfiveyears,ChinawillimportaboutUS$10trillionofgoods,foreigninvestmentwillreachUS$500billion,andoutboundtourismmayexceed400millionpeople.

8.单选题

______aticketforthematch,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.

问题1选项

A.Obtainingnot

B.Notobtaining

C.Nothavingobtained

D.Notobtained

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。由后半句可知“他现在只能在家看电视”，即未买到比赛的票是既成事实，并且此事实对现在产生了影响，因此应该使用现在完成时态。主语he与动词obtain之间是主动关系，所以使用现在分词的现在完成时态。因此C选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Thisarticledealswiththenatural______whichismostinterestingtoeveryone.

问题1选项

A.phenomenon

B.phenomena

C.phenomenons

D.phenomenas

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项phenomenon“现象；奇迹；杰出的人才”；B选项phenomena为phenomenon的复数形式，C选项phenomenons这种复数形式基本和“现象”无关，只用于特殊的人（事物）；非凡的人；特别的事情（或事实）；D选项phenomenas这种复数形式不存在。句意：这篇文章论述了大家最感兴趣的自然现象。which后面的谓语动词是单数形式“is”，所以空格处也应填单数形式，因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Theactual（

）ofWilson'spositionwasalways（

）byhisrefusaltocompromiseafterhavinginitiallyagreedtonegotiateasettlement.

问题1选项

A.outcome;foreshadowed

B.logic;enhanced

C.rigidity;betrayed

D.uncertainty;alleviated

【答案】C

【解析】第一个空是考查名称的辨析，outcome“结果，效果”；logic“原理,逻辑性”；rigidity“严格，刻板”；uncertainty“不确定性”；根据句子后半部分的意思可以推断出第一个空应该填rigidity,表示立场的固执僵化；第二个空是考查动词的辨析，foreshadow“成为前兆，暗示”;enhance“提高，增加（价值，品质，吸引力等）”；betray“泄露，出卖，背叛（原则或信仰）”，根据句意‘由于威尔逊在最初同意谈判以达成协议之后又拒绝让步妥协，因此，其立场实际的固执僵化总是得以暴露无遗’可知第二个空应该填betrayed，所以C选项正确。

11.单选题

Turningcultivatedlandbackintoforestsorpastureisafundamentalwaytostemsoil（

）anddesertificationinthelongrun.

问题1选项

A.erosion

B.depletion

C.violation

D.delusion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。erosion“侵蚀，腐蚀”；depletion“消耗，损耗”；violation“违反”；delusion“欺骗，迷惑”。句意：将耕地退耕为森林或者草原是阻止土壤侵蚀和荒漠化的根本方法。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Inthebusinessworldtoday,Coca-Cola,alittlemorethanacenturyolditself,standsoutasthemostsuccessfulproductinthehistoryofcommerce.Peopleoneverycontinent,inalmosteverycountryoftheworld,arefamiliarwiththenameandtasteofthisworld-famoussoftdrink.

Coca-ColawasborninAtlantaonMay8,1886,whenDr.JohnStythPembertonproducedthesyrup,apharmacistnamed,accordingtolegend,inabrasspotinhisbackyard.When,byaccidentordesign,carbonatedwaterwasaddedtothesyrup,itproducedadrinkthatwasdeclared“deliciousandrefreshing.”

Thetrademark“Coca-Cola”wasregisteredintheU.S.PatentOfficeonJanuary31,1893.Throughcleveradvertisingthedemandfortheproductgrewbyleapsandbounds.Onegreatleapforwardcamein1894,whenJosephBiedenharnofVicksburg,Mississippi,impressedwiththedemandforthedrinkathissodafountain,installedbottlingmachineryandbegantosellcasesofCoca-ColatoplantationsandlumbercampsupanddowntheMissippiRiver.Today,theCoca-Colabottlingsystemisthelargest,mostwidespreadproductionanddistribution,net-workintheworld.In1916theuniquelyshapedbottle,designedbyaglasscompanyinTerreHuate,Indiana,wasdevelopedtoprotectCoca-Colafromimitations.

Inthe1920sCoca-Colapioneeredinproducing“six-packs,”cardboardcartonsthatheldsixbottlesofthedrink.In1929adistinctivelyshapedfountainglassbecamestandardandhelpedtoadvertisethepopularityofthedrink.

TheinternationalgrowthofCoca-Colabeganin1900,whenasonofthecompany’sfoundertookajugofsyrupwithhimonavacationtoEngland.ThesameyearCoca-ColatraveledtoCubaandPuertoRico,wherebottlingoperationssoonbegan,astheydidinPanama,thePhilippines,andGuam.ThefirstbottlingcompanyontheEuropeancontinentbeganoperationinFrancein1920.

Coca-ColaandtheOlympicsbegantheirassociationinthesummerof1928,whenanAmericanfreighterarrivedinAmsterdamcarryingtheUnitedStatesOlympicteamand1000casesofCoca-Cola.Fortythousandspectatorsfilledthestadiumtowitnesstwofirsts:thefirstlightingoftheOlympicflameandthefirstsaleofCokeatanOlympiad.

ManypeopleoutsidetheUnitedStateshadtheirfirsttasteofCoca-ColaduringWorldWarⅡ,when64bottlingplantswereshippedabroad(thefirstbeinginAlgiers)toprovidemorethan5billionbottlesofCokeforAmericanservicepersonnelinEuropeandthePacific.Inthenext20yearsthenumberofcountrieswithbottlingoperationsnearlydoubled.

TheworldwideappealofCoca-Colawasdramaticallydisplayedin1971,whenyoungpeoplefromaroundtheworldgatheredonahilltopinItalytosing“I’dliketobuytheworldaCoke”—presentingaunifyingglobalspirit.

In1976thewell-knownadvertisingslogan“ThePauseThatRefreshes”(whichfirstappearedinTHESATURDAYEVENINGPOSTin1929)wasjoinedbyanewslogan:“CokeAddsLife.”Afewyearslater“HaveaCokeandaSmile”wasadded,andin1982thetheme“Cokeisit!”waslaunchedaroundtheworld,followedby“Can’tBeattheFeeling”inthelate1980s,and“Can’tBeattheRealThing”intheearly1990s.

“ThePauseThatRefreshes”hascomealongwayin109years.

1.WhatdidDr.JohnStythPembertondobeforehemadethe“deliciousandrefreshing”drink?

2.Thedemandfortheproductgrew______throughcleveradvertising.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.Whendidthenumberofcountrieswithbottlingoperationsnearlydouble?

5.Whichofthefollowingslogansdidnotmaketheirfirstappearanceinthe1980’s?

问题1选项

A.Hewasasoft-drinkdealer.

B.Hewasanalcoholdealer.

C.Hewasaphysician.

D.Hewasapharmaceuticalchemist.

问题2选项

A.veryrapidly

B.steadily

C.slowly

D.unsteadily

问题3选项

A.Eachcardboardcartoncanholdsixbottlesofthedrink.

B.ThegrowthofCoca-Colabeganin1900.

C.InFrance,thefirstbottlingcompanyontheEuropeancontinentbeganoperation.

D.TheOlympicsandCoca-Colaassociatedwitheachotherinthesummerof1928.

问题4选项

A.1920’s.

B.1940’s.

C.1960’s.

D.1980’s.

问题5选项

A.“Cokeisit!”

B.“CokeAddsLife.”

C.“Can’tBeattheFeeling.”

D.“HaveaCokeandaSmile.”

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Coca-ColawasborninAtlantaonMay8,1886,whenDr.JohnStythPembertonproducedthesyrup,apharmacistnamed,accordingtolegend,inabrasspotinhisbackyard.（可口可乐于1886年5月8日诞生于亚特兰大，当时的药剂师约翰•斯蒂斯•彭伯顿在他后院的一个铜锅里制作了这种糖浆。），说明约翰•斯蒂斯•彭伯顿在发明可乐之前是一名药剂师。因此D选项“他是一名药剂师”正确。A选项“他是一名软饮料经销商”，B选项“他是一名酒类经销商”，C选项“他是一名医生”均不符合题意，所以A,B,C错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Throughcleveradvertisingthedemandfortheproductgrewbyleapsandbounds.（通过巧妙的广告，对该产品的需求突飞猛进。），说明广告使得对可乐的需求猛增。因此A选项“非常迅速”正确。B选项“稳定”，C选项“缓慢”，D选项“不稳定”均不符合原文，所以B,C,D错误。

3.客观细节题。A选项“每个硬纸盒可以装六瓶饮料”，由原文Inthe1920sCoca-Colapioneeredinproducing“six-packs,”cardboardcartonsthatheldsixbottlesofthedrink.（20世纪20年代，可口可乐率先生产了“六瓶装”，即能装六瓶饮料的硬纸盒。）可知，这种硬纸盒可以装六瓶饮料，A选项表述正确，排除A。C选项“欧洲大陆上的第一家装瓶公司在法国开始运营”，由原文ThefirstbottlingcompanyontheEuropeancontinentbeganoperationinFrancein1920.（欧洲大陆上第一家装瓶公司于1920年在法国开始运营。）可知，欧洲大陆上的第一家装瓶公司在法国开始运营，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“1928年夏天，奥运会和可口可乐公司开始有联系”，由原文Coca-ColaandtheOlympicsbegantheirassociationinthesummerof1928（可口可乐与奥运会的联系始于1928年夏天）可知，可口可乐与奥运会于1928年夏天开始联系，D选项表述正确，排除D。B选项“可口可乐的发展始于1900年”，由原文TheinternationalgrowthofCoca-Colabeganin1900（可口可乐的全球发展始于1900年）可知，是全球性发展始于1900年，B选项不符合原文，所以本题选B。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第七段ManypeopleoutsidetheUnitedStateshadtheirfirsttasteofCoca-ColaduringWorldWarⅡ…Inthenext20yearsthenumberofcountrieswithbottlingoperationsnearlydoubled.（许多美国以外的人第一次尝到可口可乐是在第二次世界大战期间……在接下来的20年里，拥有装瓶业务的国家数量几乎翻了一番。），第二次世界大战是在二十世纪四十年代，那么之后的20年就是二十世纪六十年代，说明拥有装瓶业务的国家数量在二十世纪六十年代几乎翻了一番。因此C选项“二十世纪六十年代”正确。A选项“二十世纪二十年代”，B选项“二十世纪四十年代”，D选项“二十世纪八十年代”均不符合题意，所以A,B,D错误。

5.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段第一句In1976thewell-knownadvertisingslogan“ThePauseThatRefreshes”wasjoinedbyanewslogan:“CokeAddsLife.”（1976年，著名的广告语“ThePauseThatRefreshes”被加入了一个新的广告语：“CokeAddsLife”。），说明“CokeAddsLife”这个广告语出现在二十世纪七十年代，而不是八十年代。因此B选项“CokeAddsLife.”正确。A选项“Cokeisit!”，C选项“Can’tBeattheFeeling.”，D选项“HaveaCokeandaSmile.”都是在二十世纪八十年代首次出现的，所以A,C,D错误。

13.单选题

Nowthose“effortless”goodlooksseemalittlemorerisky.Allegedly,thesiliconeimplantscanleakandinterferewiththebody’simmunesystem.Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationannouncedaninquirylastyear,butinitiallysaiditwouldnotaskfortheoperationstostopit,reportedlybecauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplantwasawarded$7.34mfromthebiggestmakerofimplants,DowComing.

TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974,some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons:theresthad“re-constructive”medicalsurgeryfollowingcancertreatment.ThewaitinglistforimplantsbyoneCaliforniandoctorusedtobesixmonths;itisnowlessthanonemonth,Sharesinimplantmakershaveslumped.

Suchsecondthoughtsareoverdue.Forallitsglitteringadvocates,cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicinewhereaperfectlyhealthypatientiscutup.(This,ofcourse,omitsre-constructiveoperationstorepairbumsorreplacemissingbreasts.)Eightoutoftencosmeticoperationsareperformedoutsideproperhospital—someinoperationroomsthatlookmorelikeoffices.Warningsofside-effectrarelyappearinadvertisements;nordotherecordsoftheeagersurgeons.Sinceitis“elective”surgery,notcoveredbyinsurance,fewofthenormalrulesapply.

Insidetheindustry,rumorsofmalpracticearerife.Oneseniorplasticsurgeonsaysthathehasalistofpeerswho“hewouldn’tlettouchmydog’sbody.”

1.Accordingtotheparagraph,cosmeticsurgeonsthinkthat（）.

2.ItisreportedthattheFoodandDrugAdministrationinquiredintotheeffectsofsiliconeimplant,because（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.Thedifferencebetweenthecosmeticsurgeryandothersurgeryisthat（）.

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassage,“peers”refersto（）.

问题1选项

A.thesiliconeimplantcomplaintswerestartedparticularlybefore1985

B.thesiliconeimplantaredangerous

C.thesiliconeimplantarelinkedwithbody’simmunesystem

D.thesiliconeimplantcomplaintsareduetothoseprofit-happylawyers

问题2选项

A.therewasacaseinDecemberaboutawomanwhosufferedfromtheimplant

B.therehadbeenalotofcasesincourtaboutsiliconeimplant

C.DowCominghasproducedsomepoor-qualitysiliconeimplant

D.itdidnotwanttoaskfortheoperationstostopit

问题3选项

A.Americanwomenhadoncebeeninpanicbecauseoftheremovalofacontraceptivedevicefromthemarket.

B.DaikonSheildisabrandname.

C.About1.6millionwomenhavehadimplantsbecausetheywantedtobemorebeautiful

D.ACaliforniandoctorbegantoearnlessmoney.

问题4选项

A.theformeristooperateonthehealthybody,whilethelatteristooperateonthesickbody

B.theformeristodoharmtoaperson,whilethelatteristocureaperson

C.theformeriswithglitteringadvocates,whilethelatteristorepairbums

D.theformeristobeperformedoutsideproperhospitals,whilethelatteristobeperformedinsideproperhospitals

问题5选项

A.industryowners

B.plasticsurgeons

C.humorists

D.officers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.”，可知已经有超过2000起投诉，特别是关于1985年以前植入物的投诉——尽管整形外科医生将制造问题归咎于律师们。可判断出整容外科医生认为硅胶植入物的投诉是由于那些喜欢赚钱的律师。选项D符合题意。

2.细节判断题。根据文章第一段，“…becauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplant….”，可知美国食品药品监督管理局对硅胶植入物进行调查的原因是法庭上出现了很多这样的案例，下文提出一个妇女获赔的案例只是其中一个。可判断出美国食品药品监督管理局对硅胶植入物的效果进行了调查的原因在于法庭上有很多关于硅胶植入的案例。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974”，可知自从1974年一种名为DaikonSheild的避孕设备被撤市以来，这一消息在美国女性中引起的恐慌超过了任何医疗因素。可判断出美国女性曾经因为避孕设备从市场上撤下而恐慌，这一表达复符合文意，选项A可排除。也可判断出DaikonSheild是一个品牌名称，选项B可排除。根据文章第二段，“…some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons…”，可知大约有200万女性做手术，因为她们想变得更美丽，选项C可排除。根据排除法，选项D符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicinewhereaperfectlyhealthypatientiscutup.”，可知整容手术是唯一一种把完全健康的病人割伤的医术，这也是整容术和其他手术的区别。选项A符合题意。

5.词义理解题。根据文章最后一句，“Oneseniorplasticsurgeonsaysthathehasalistofpeers…”，可知一位资深整形外科医生说，他有一份同伴名单……，可知资深整形外科医生的同伴指整形外科医生，peer意思为同伴，同等的人。选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman,Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld'sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

1.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

3.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby’’mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Lines2-3,Paragraph5)?

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

问题1选项

A.Akindofoverlookedinequality

B.Atypeofconspicuousbias

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination

问题2选项

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman

C.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names

D.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize

问题3选项

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents

D.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

问题4选项

A.Theyaregettingimpatient

B.Theyarenoisilydozingoff

C.Theyarefeelinghumiliated

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles

问题5选项

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated

B.VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism

C.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问“作者提及AAAA汽车与Zodiac汽车的是什么？”。由

第二段第一句“IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.众所周知，在顾客浏览他们的电话薄时，被称为AAAA汽车的出租车公司比被称为Zodiac汽车的出租车公司有大的优势”与第一段第二句“Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.但是，一个潜伏的形式（即字母顺序主义）继续繁荣”确定A选项“一种被忽视的不平等”正确；

2.推理判断题。题干询问‘从前三段我们可以推断出什么?’。由第一段中“Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.但是，一个潜伏的形式（即字母顺序主义）继续在繁荣”及第二段中“LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman不太为人所知的是AdamAbbott（即姓名以字母A开始的人）在生活中相比ZoeZysman（即姓名以字母Z开始的人）具有的优势”可知生活中的这种现象常被人忽视，所以D选项“一些形式的歧视太隐约而不易引人注意”正确。A选项“无论在东方还是西方，名字对于成功都是必要的”、B选项“字母表对ZoeZysman（即姓名以字母Z开始的人）的失败应负责任”和C项“消费者经常很关注公司的名字”均不符合文意，排除。

3.推理判断题。题干询问‘第四段指出…’。由第四段第四句“Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.因此，近视的Zysman（即姓名以字母Z开始的人）小学生被困在后排，且很少被问到由那些麻木不仁的老师提出有启发性的问题”确定C选项“教师应该关注自己所有的学生”正确。

4.推理判断题。题干询问‘作者所说的“大多数人都在打盹”是什么意思(第5段第2-3行)?’。由第五段中第三句“Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.求职面试名单、选票、会议发言者和参加人名单都倾向于按字母顺序地被拟定，而它们的接受者却在费力地阅读它们时失去了兴趣。”与第二句“Atuniversitygraduationceremonies在大学毕业的典礼”这个场景的对应确定B选项“他们正在鼾声隆隆地打瞌睡”符合语境，正确。

5.推理判断题。题干询问‘根据文章，下列哪个选项是正确的?’。全文围绕“alphabetism字母顺序主义”论述其带来的各种偏见、歧视和不平等。如被称为AAAA汽车的出租车公司比被称为Zodiac汽车的出租车公司有大的优势，近视的Zysman（即姓名以字母Z开始的人）小学生被困在后排，且很少被问到由那些麻木不仁的老师提出的启发性的问题。”所以D选项“按照字母顺序安放事情可能导致非故意的偏见”正确。

15.单选题

Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy."I'magoodeconomicindicator,"shesays."Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars."SoSperoisdow