考研考博-英语-东莞理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东莞理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Ifprofitandmoneyareyourfirst（）,andcommitmenttopeopleyourleastconcern,youhavefailededucation.

问题1选项

A.potentiality

B.priority

C.superiority

D.responsibility

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果利润和金钱是你首先考虑的事情，对人的义务是你最不关心的，那你的教育就失败了。

考查名词辨析。potentiality潜能;可能性;priority优先考虑的事;优先权;superiority优越;优势;responsibility责任;职责;义务。根据句中first(首先)以及后面的yourleastconcern(你最不关心的事情)可知B项正确。

2.单选题

Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildrencollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.

问题1选项

A.frightening

B.promising

C.freezing

D.revealing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“令人恐惧的”；B选项“有希望的，有前途的”；C选项“冰点以下的，结冰的”；D选项“揭露真情的，有启迪作用的”；题干中chilling“令人恐惧的”，句意：分析表明，在孩子上大学和我们自己的退休保障之间的权衡令人不寒而栗。因此A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Wedon’tbelieveher______aboutthewonderfulthingsthathappenedtoher.

问题1选项

A.miniatures

B.romances

C.consensus

D.chaos

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项miniature“缩图，微型画”，B项romance“传奇，浪漫史，风流韵事，虚构”，C项consensus“一致，舆论，合意”，D项chaos“混沌，混乱”。根据句子意思“关于发生在她身上的奇妙的事情，我们不相信她的……”可知，空格处表示“夸张，虚构”符合语境。句意：我们不相信她对发生在她身上的美妙事情的虚构。因此，该题选择B项正确。

4.单选题

Becareful;thispatient’sdiseaseis（）.

问题1选项

A.congenial

B.accessible

C.compulsory

D.contagious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项为“意气相投的；一致的”；B选项为“易相处的；可理解的”；C选项为“义务的；必须的；强制性的”；D选项为“传染性的；会蔓延的”。根据所修饰名词disease疾病可知，D项为正确答案。

5.单选题

TheelderlyRussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate______.

问题1选项

A.pensions

B.earnings

C.salaries

D.donations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项pension“退休金，抚恤金”，B项earning“收入，所赚的钱”，C项salary“工资”，D项donation“捐款，捐赠物”。根据关键词elderly“老年人”和liveon“靠……生活”可知，空格处填入pension“养老金”符合语境。句意：俄罗斯的老年人发现靠国家养老金生活很困难。因此，该题选择A项正确。

6.单选题

Scientistshaveacknowledgedthattointerpretananimal’sthoughtprocessesinasoundmannerre-quiresaheavydoseof（）fromourownmentalpatterns,whichweaccessintrospectively.

问题1选项

A.estimation

B.calculation

C.skepticism

D.inference

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。句意：科学家已经承认，用声音的方式来翻译一个动物的思维进程，需要从我们使用内在的思维模式进行大量的（）。estimation评价，估计；calculation计算；skepticism怀疑论；inference推理。故选B。

7.单选题

Thenewconvergenceofbiologyandeconomyhasbeenhelpedbyacommonmethodology—gametheory.JohnMaynardSmith,aprofessorofbiologyattheUniversityofSussex,inBritain,wasthefirsttoeffectivelyapplytheeconomist’shabitofplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.

Adramatizedversionofthegamerunsasfollows:twoguiltyaccomplicesareheldinseparatecellsandinterrogatedbythepolice.Eachisfacedwithadilemma.Iftheybothconfess(or“defect”),theywillbothgotojailforthreeyears.Iftheybothstaysilent(or“cooperate”),theywillbothgotojailforayearonalesserchargethatthepolicecanprove.Butifoneconfessesandtheotherdoesnot,theformerwillwalkfreeonanagreement,whilethecooperator,whostayedsilent,willgetafive-yearsentence.

Assumingthattheyhavenotdiscussedthedilemmabeforetheywerearrested,caneachtrusthisaccomplicetostaysilent?Ifnot,heshoulddefectandreducehissentencefromfivetothreeyears.Butevenifhecanrelyonhispartnertocooperate,heisstillbetteroffifhedefects,becausethatreduceshissentencefromthreeyearstononeatall.Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.Inthelanguageofgametheorists,individuallyrationalstrategiesresultinacollectivelyirrationaloutcome.

Biologistswereinterestedintheprisoner’sdilemmaasamodelfortheevolutionofcooperation.Underwhatconditions,theywantedtoknow,woulditpayananimaltoevolveastrategybasedoncooperationratherthandefection?Theydiscoveredthatthebleakmessageoftheprisoner’sdilemmaneednotobtainifthegameisonlyoneinalongseries—playedbystudents,researchers,orcomputers,forpointsratherthanyearsinjail.Underthesecircumstancesthebeststrategyistocooperateonthefirsttrialandthendowhatevertheotherguydidlasttime.Thisstrategybecameknownastit-for-tat.Thethreatofretaliationmakesdefectionmuchlesslikelytopay.

RobertAlfred,apoliticalscientist,andWilliamHamilton,abiologist,bothattheUniversityofMichigan,discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.Tit-for-two-tats—thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice—comesclosetobeatingit,butofhundredsofstrategiesthathavebeentried,noneworksbetter.

1.Whatisgametheory?

2.ThetwoguiltyaccomplicesmentionedinPara.2are（）.

3.Fortheworstsituation,whatisthetotalyearofthetwoaccomplices’sentence?

4.Whatarethebiologists’findingsforthecooperationstrategy?

5.Whatdoestit-for-two-tatsmean?

问题1选项

A.Thetheorytoplaygames.

B.Itmeansplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.

C.Itisamethodologyappliedtobotheconomyandevolution.

D.Ithelpspeopletosurvive.

问题2选项

A.partofadrama

B.usedtofindasimplerwaytoexplainthegametheory

C.toexplainhowthepolicepunishthecrime

D.toexplainhowthegametheorycomeintobeing

问题3选项

A.Threeyears.

B.Fiveyears.

C.Sixyears.

D.Zero

问题4选项

A.Thereisnoresultsincethegameisinalongseries.

B.Peoplewouldliketocooperate.

C.Peoplewouldliketocooperateandwhattheydonexttimedepends.

D.Peoplewouldlikenottocooperate.

问题5选项

A.Whenonegivestit,theotherwillgivetwotatsinresponse.

B.Whenonegivestwotats,theotherwillgivetitinresponse.

C.Tit-for-two-tatsdevelopsfromtit-for-tat.

D.Whencooperationfailsthefirsttime,therewillbeanotherchance.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.”中文翻译为：而这里的唯一差异是，经济博弈会奖励赢家金钱，而进化博弈却奖励胜者生存和繁殖的机会。因此答案为C选项：一种应用在经济和进化上的方法论。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.”中文翻译为：一种游戏，即囚犯的进退两难，尤其在这两门学科上被证明能增长见闻的。知B项“被用来去发现一个更简单的方式来解释博弈论”符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段“Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.”中文翻译为：因此，每个人将推断，失信是正确的选择，这导致他们中每个人被判3年监禁。因此，C选项“6年”最符合题意。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第五段“discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.”中文翻译为：通过公开锦标赛发现，似乎没有打败针锋相对的策略。故D选项“人们不愿意去合作”最符合题意。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位第五段“thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice.”中文翻译为：就是说，即使另外一个人失信了一次也合作，但是如果他失信了两次，那么就不会进行合作。可以得知D项“当第一次合作失败后，还有另外一次机会”最为符合。

8.翻译题

1.OneofthefastestgrowingareasinInternetapplicationsistheadoptionofInternettechnologiesforthedevelopmentofcorporatenetworks.ManypublicsectorsandcommercialorganizationsthroughouttheworldareacceleratingtheirpacesinbuildingcorporatenetworksbasedonInternettechnologies,allowingthemtorollouttheirprivate“Intranets”.TheseIntranetsareusedtosupportenterpriseapplicationsandcommunicationsbothinsideandoutsidethecorporatefirewall.

2.IntranetisthenewbuzzwordreferringtotheuseoffastgrowingandrelativelyinexpensiveInternettechnologiesforthedevelopmentofenterpriseinformationandcommunicationsystems.Itgenerallyinvolvestwokeytypesofsoftware:the“browser”whichallowsuserstoscanthenetworkforusefulinformationandthe“server”whichstoresandorganizestheinformation.MajorITvendorshaveannouncedorareplanningtoannounceproductsandserviceswhichwillhelptheircustomersinrealizingthecompetitiveadvantagesmadepossiblebythesenewtechnologies.Forexample,OracleandSybasehaveunveiledtheirplanstointroducebrowsersthatincludeapplicationdevelopmenttoolsbasedonJava,aprogramminglanguagelicensedfromSunMicrosystemsInc.Thesenewtoolsetswillallowdeveloperstowritenetwork-connection-ready,web-enabledapplicationsthatlinktocorporatedatabases.

ThecreationofprivateintranetsprovidesopportunitiesforcompaniestousetheWebasacomplementoranalternativefortraditionalinternalnetworking,applicationdevelopmenttoolsandgroupwareproducts.3.Forexample,MorganStanleyandTurnerBroadcastinghavesuccessfullyimplementedtheirownIntranetswhichallowtheiremployeestoshareinformation,collaborateonprojects,andtocreateveryeffectiveworkgroupsspreadingacrosslargegeographicalregions.

WithimprovedsecuritydesignontheIntranetwhichcanbebridgedintotheInternet,manycompaniesaredevelopingnewbusinessapplicationswhichwerenottechnicallyfeasiblenoreconomicallyviableinthepast.Forexample,shippingcompaniesandcouriercompaniescanbuildcargoandparceltrackingsystemswhichallowtheirinternationalcustomers,anywhereintheworld,tologontotheirlocalInternetnetworkstoaccesssecureddatabasestoretrievethelatestinformationabouttheirshipments.

OneofthemostoftenquotedcriticismsofInternetwhenbeingconsideredforseriousbusinessapplicationsisitssecurityrisk,oritsperceivedinadequacyofsecurityfeatures.ManyfeelthattheInternetisdistributedand“uncontrolled”.Byitsveryownnature,thereisnosingleorganizationowningtheInternet,runningitorcanbeheldresponsibleforitintheconventionalsense.Intrusionmaycomefromanywhereintheworld.Tofurthercomplicatethematter,legislationandlawenforcementconcerningelectroniccrimesvarygreatlyfromonecountrytoanother.ThispresentsgreatchallengesintheprosecutionofcrimescommittedusingtheInternet.

Whilesomeofthesefeelingsandobservationsarecorrect,manyInternettechnologyprovidersthroughouttheworldareworkingveryaggressivelyinsolvingtheproblemsconcerningInternetsecurity.Usingcryptographictechniquesandnetworkmanagementtechnologies,Internetcanbeassecuredasanyprivatenetworksusedinthefinancial,commercialandnationaldefenseapplications.

TheInternetisaglobaltechnology.Itwillaffect,inmanyaspects,thewaythatweinteractwithpeople,conductourbusinesstransactions.Itwillalsochangethewaythatweacquireandshareexperienceandknowledge.4.Itunavoidablywillalteroursenseofcommunityandremovesomeoftheconstraintspreviouslyassociatedwithgeographicalboundaries.TheInternetandIntranetarepresentingopportunitiesandchallengestoindividualsandenterprises.Theywillrewardthosewiththeabilityandvisiontoharnesstheirpower,realizingtheirconstraintsandcapableofdevelopingsolutionsinovercomingtheselimitations.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）互联网应用中发展最快的一个领域采用互联网技术开发企业网络。全世界许多政府部门和商业机构正加快步伐，创建基于互联网技术的企业网络，允许它们推销秘密的“内联网”。

（2）“内联网”是一个时髦术语，指用发展迅速、相对廉价的互联网技术开发企业信息和通讯系统。内联网一般包含两种重要的软件：浏览器和服务器。前者允许用户浏览网络以获取有用信息，后者储存并整理信息。

（3）例如，摩根斯坦利金融公司和特纳广播公司成功地完成了各自的内联网，这些内联网使两家公司的雇员共享信息，共同承担项目并创建遍及各大洲的、效果明显的工作组。

（4）互联网必然会改变我们的社区意识并消除以往跟地理疆界联系在一起的种种限制。互联网和内联网给个人和企业带来机遇和挑战，这些网络奖赏有能力和远见的人利用自己的权力，在种种局限发生时，能找到克服局限性的方案。

9.单选题

Theoutlineofthefigurewasbarely（

）inthedarkness.

问题1选项

A.susceptible

B.perceptive

C.invisible

D.perceptible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。susceptible意为“易受影响的”；perceptive意为“有知觉力的”；invisible意为“看不见的”；perceptible意为“可理解的，可认识的”。

句意：没有一丝光，这个图形的轮廓很难在黑暗中辨认。

10.单选题

Shehesitatedfora（）ofasecondbeforeacceptinghischallengetoagameoftennis.

问题1选项

A.fiction

B.function

C.friction

D.fraction

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。fiction小说;function功能;friction摩擦;fraction部分。afractionof意为"一小部分,零点几",为固定搭配。句意：在接受他的网球挑战之前,她犹豫了片刻。所以选项D正确。

11.翻译题

What’syourearliestmemory?Doyourememberlearningtowalk?Thebirthofasibling?Nurseryschool?Adultsrarelyremembereventsfrommuchbeforekindergarten,justaschildrenyoungerthan3or4seldomrecallanyspecificexperiences(asdistinctfromgeneralknowledge).Psychologistshavefloatedallsortsofexplanationsforthis“childhoodamnesia”.Thereductionistsappealedtotheneurological,arguingthatthehippocampus,thebrainregionresponsibleforformingmemories,doesn’tmatureuntilabouttheageof2.Butthereigningtheoryholdsthatsinceadultsdonotthinklikechildren,theycannotaccesschildhoodmemories.Adultsarestuckwithgrown-up“schema”,thebarebonesofnarratives.Whentheyi.ilTlethroughthementalfilingcabinetinsearchoffratimentsofchildhoodmemoriestohangonthisnarrativeskeleton，accordingtothistheory,theydon’tfindanythatIt'sliketryingtofindaFrenchwordinanEnglishindex.(1)

NowpsychologistKatharineNelsonoftheCityUniversityofNewYorkoffersanewexplanationforchildhoodamnesia.ShearguesthatChildrendon’tevenformlasting,long-termmemoriesuntiltheylearntousesomeoneelse’sdescriptionofthoseexperiencestoturntheirownshort-term，fleetingrecollectionsofthemintopermanentinemories.(2)Inotherwords,childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkaboutthemhearMomrecountthatday’striptothedinosaurmuseum,hearDadrememberaloudtheirtriptotheamusementpark.

Whyshouldmemorydependsoheavilyonnarrative?Nelsonmarshalsevidencethatthemindstructuresremembrancesthatway.Childrenwhosemotherstalkabouttheday’sactivitiesastheywinddowntowardbedtime，forinstance，remembermoreoftheday’sspecialeventsthandochildrenwhosemothersdon’tofferthisnovelisticframework.(3)Talkingaboutaneventinanarrativewayhelpsachildrememberit.Andlearningtostructurememoriesasalong-runningnarrative，Nelsonsuggests，isthekeytoapermanent“autobiographicalmeinory’’，thespecificremembrancesthatfomione’slifestory.(4)(Whatyouhadforlunchyesterdayisn’tpartofit;whatyouateonyourfirstdatewithyourfuturespousemaybe.)

Language,ofcourse,isthekeytosuchanarrative.Childrenlearntoengageintalkaboutthepast.Theestablishmentofthesememoriesisrelatedtotheexperienceoftalkingtootherpeopleaboutthem.Inparticular,achildinustrecognizethataretellingofthatmuseumtrip，sayisjustthetripitselfinanothermedium，thatofspeechratherthanexperience.(5)Thatdoesn’thappenuntilthechildisperhapsfourorfive.Bythetimeshe’sreadyforkindergartenshe’llrememberallsortsofthings.Andshemayeven,bythen,havelearnednottoblurtthemoutinpublic.

【答案】1.根据这种理论，当他们（即成年人）飞快地“翻阅大脑文件柜”希望通过寻找童年记忆的片断来支撑这一叙事框架吋，他们找不到任何合适的记忆片断。

2.她认为，只有通过学习他人对那些经历的描述，从而将自己稍纵即逝的短期记忆变成永久性记忆，儿童才能形成持久的长期记忆。

3.例如，那些母亲在临睡前谈论一天的活动的孩子，比那些母亲不提供这种小说框架的孩子对于一天的特殊事件记住得更多。

4.纳尔逊提出，学会将记忆构成一种长期存在的叙述，是形成永久性“自传式记忆”(即构成一个人生平故事的特定记忆)的关键。

5.尤其是儿童必须认识到诸如博物馆之旅的复述恰恰也是一次出行，只不过换了一种形式，用言语替代了经历。

12.填空题

YesterdayIgavemymother（1）orangesweaterfor（2）birthday.

句意:昨天，我送了一件橘色的羊毛衫给我妈妈做生日礼物。

【答案】1.an

2.her

【解析】1.语法题。考查不定冠词。这里表示“送了一件橘色的羊毛衫”,此处应填一个不定冠词。orange的发音为元音开始，故应该选不定冠词an。

2.语法题。考查人称代词所有格。这里填her表示“她的”。

13.单选题

Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDnanelAriely’snewbook“the(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty”.Mostofusthinkweareverywonderful.Wecancheatatalittleandstillkeepthat“goodparson”identity.

Ariely,whoisoneofthemostcreativesocialscientistsontheplanet,hadoneblindcolleagueandonesightedcolleaguetakerides.Thedriverscheatedthesightedcolleaguebytakinglongroutesmuchmoreoftenthantheycheatedtheblindone,eventhoughshewouldhavebeeneasiertomislead.Theywouldhavefeltguiltycheatingablindwoman.Arielypointsoutthatwearedrivenbymoralitymuchmorethanstandardeconomicmodelsallow.ButIwasstruckbywhatyoumightcallthegoodpersonconstructandthemoralcalculusitimplies.Forthepastseveralcenturies,mostwesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasdepravedsinners.Inthisconstruct,sinissomethingyoufightlikearecurringcancer―partofadailybattleagainstevil.

Butthesedays,peoplearemorelikelytobelieveintheiressentialgoodness.Peoplewholivebythegoodpersonconstructtrytobalancetheirvirtuousself-imagewiththeirselfishdesires.Theytrytomanagethemoralplusesandminusesandkeeptheiroverallrecordinpositiveterritory.Inthisconstruct,morallifeismorelikedieting:thegoodpersonisn’tshootingforperfectionandmorethanmostdietersarefollowingtheirdiet100percent.It’senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.

Obviously,though,there’sameasurementproblem.Youcanbuyaweightscaletogetanobjectivemeasureofyourdiet.Butyoucan’tbuyascaleofvirustoputonthebathroomfloor.Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusaregoingtomeasureourselvesleniently.IwashonestwiththatblindpassengerbecauseIamawonderfulperson.Icheatedthesightedonebecausesheprobablyhastoomuchmoneyanyway.

Thekeyjobinthegoodpersonconstructistomanageyourrationalizationsandself-deceptionstokeepthemfromgettingconspicuous.Arielysuggestsyouresetyourmoralgaugefromtimetotime.Yourmoralstandardswillgraduallyslipasyoubecomemoreandmorecomfortableyou’reyourownrationalizations.

I’daddthatyoureallyshouldn’tshootforgoodness,whichissovague.We’remostlyunqualifiedtojudgeourownmoralperformance,soattachyourselftosomeexteriororsocialstandards.Andaswegoaboutdoingourgoodpersonmoraleducations,itmightbeworthasking:Isthisgoodenough?

1.TowhichofthefollowingstatementwouldArielyagree?

2.Westerntraditionalculturemaintainedthathumannatureis（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,goodpersonconstruct

（

）.

4.Theword“leniently”inparagraph4mostprobablymeans（

）.

问题1选项

A.AbitofdeceptioninvitesnoHarm.

B.Weareunlikelytobetrulyhonest.

C.Wearedrivenbyeconomicmodels.

D.Peopletendtoclingtomoralcodes.

问题2选项

A.inherentlygood

B.subjecttoexteriorinfluence

C.geneticallydetermined

D.originallyevil

问题3选项

A.isdesirableforitsmoralimplications

B.contributetotheresistancetoinnersin

C.ismorelikelytoencouragedishonesty

D.caneaseconflictsbetweenvirtuesandselfishness

问题4选项

A.honestly

B.falsely

C.tolerantly

D.subjectively

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDnanelAriely’snewbook“the(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty”.（几乎人人都会欺骗他人，虽然通常只是一点点。这也是DnanelAriely的新书《不诚实的事实》中的主题之一）可知B选项“我们不太可能真正诚实”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Forthepastseveralcenturies,mostwesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasdepravedsinners.（在过去的几个世纪里，大多数西方人都会认定自己从根本上是堕落的罪人）可知选D，西方传统文化认为人性本恶。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的It’senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.（成为一个欠佳的人，但总体上是一个好人就足够了）可推测在goodpersonconstruct结构下人们对自己的要求降低了，以及本文主要讲的是关于诚实的话题，那么人们也就不那么诚实了，因此选C。

4.词义题。honestly意为“诚实地”；falsely意为“虚伪地，不实地”；tolerantly意为“宽容地，包容地”；subjectively意为“主观地”。由Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusaregoingtomeasureourselvesleniently.（鉴于我们在合理化和自欺欺人方面令人敬畏的能力，我们大多数人都会……衡量自己）可知我们会用欺骗的手段合理化自己行为，因此排除A、D选项；由leniently后面句中的Iamawonderfulperson可知我们给自己的定位是好人，可排除B选项，因此选C。

14.单选题

Someparentsdidnotappear（）theirchildrentosummerschools.

问题1选项

A.tofavortosend

B.tofavorsending

C.favoringtosend

D.thattheyfavortosend

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词搭配辨析。appear后面接不定式，appeartodo，好像做了某事，排除C；favor后面接动名词，favordoingsth.，喜欢、赞成做某事，排除A，D。句意：一些家长似乎不赞成把孩子送到暑期学校。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

WhenthenovelistJodiPicoultwasapproachedtowriteafewinstallmentsofthe"WonderWoman"comicsseries,herfirst_______wastotakethecharacteroutofhertrademark.

问题1选项

A.conspiracy

B.subversion

C.impulse

D.dissipation

【答案】C

【解析】conspiracy共谋,阴谋;subversion颠覆,破坏;impulse推动,剌激;dissipation消散,分散。句意：当小说家JodiPicoult被邀请为《神奇女侠》系列漫画写一些情节时,她的第一个想法就是把这个角色从自己的性格特征中脱离出来。选项C符合句意。

16.单选题

Afterfouryearsinthesamejob,hisenthusiasmfinally（）.

问题1选项

A.deteriorated

B.dispersed

C.dissipated

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”；B选项disperse“分散；消散”；C选项dissipate“驱散；放荡”；D选项drain“逐渐消失；流干”。句意：在做同样的工作四年后，他的激情逐渐消失了。根据句意可知D选项正确。

17.不定项选择题

MylastflighttoRomelandedatstupido’clockinthemorningsoIwasalmostlookingforwardtogettingacupofhotcoffeefromtheflightcrew.Instead,IoptedforholdingmyeyelidsupwithtwofingerssoIcouldfindthefirstcoffeeshopintheairport.Coffeealwaystastesterribleonplanesandtherecouldbeasimple—anddisgusting—reasonwhy.

Acoupleofweeksago,anassortmentofairlineemployeesspilledsomeoftheirindustry’ssecretsinanAskRedditthread,andtwoofthemhadsomeunpleasantthingstosayaboutthecoffee-makers.AusernamedMuddbutt7wrote:

“Sometimes,thevehiclethatfillsthepotablewaterforwashinghandsandmakingcoffeeisparkednexttothevehiclethatinusedtodumpthe[toilets]andfillthebluejuiceforthelavatories.They’renotsupposedto.Sometimes,theyparkedatadistancefromeachother,whichispolicy,yettheguywhoisfillingthewaterisusingglovesthathehasn’tinover2years.”

WhileasecondusernamedWorsetoadded:

“Thecoffeeisabsolutelydisgustingbecausenoonewashesthecontainerthatgoesouteverymorning.Thestationagentswhogetpaidwaytoolittledon’tgivea[expletive]aboutcleaningit.Icertainlydidn’twhenIworkedforAA.Also,becauseweweren’tgiventhepropersuppliestocleanit.Weprettymuchjustrinseditoutanddumpedcoffeeintoit.‘‘

Afterreadingthosesortofstomach-churningconfessions,HuffingtonPostattemptedtodeterminehowtruethosestatementsare.AbbieUnger,aformerflightattendant,toldthesite:

“Itistruethattheportablewatertanksarenotcleaned.Buttheyareonlyfilledwithpotable(drinkable)water,soit’snotlikethereisoldcoffeeinabigcontainersomewhere.Thewaterdoesn’tmakeforanexcellentcupofcoffee,butit’snotunsafe.”

Sobasically,thereasonthatcupofStarbucksduringyourDeltaflighttastesworsethanthecupyouhadattheairportisbecauseofthewater,whichisapointthathasbeenraisedpreviously.TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencybeganinvestigatingthesafetyofthewateronairplanesin2004,afterdiscoveringthat15%—or1.5outofevery10planes—testedpositiveforcoliformbacteriainthedrinkingwater.

In2013,NBC5lookedintowhetherthosenumbershadimprovedanddiscoveredthat12%ofplaneshadatleastonepositivetestforcoliforminwhatwasthentheEPA’smostrecentsurvey.AlthoughtheEPAsaidthattherehadnotbeenanycasesofanyonegettingsickfromthewateronboardaplane,insidersstillsaythatthetanks—andthehosesthatareusedtofillthem—canbeprettygross(“prettygross”isahighlyscientificterm).

InaForbespiececalled“WhyAirlineCrewsSkiptheCoffeeandTeaOnBoard”,formerUSAiremployeeJohnGogliawrote:

“ThirtyyearsagowhenIwasworkingforUSAir,webeganaprocesstobleachthewatertanksthatholdthewaterandflushoutthesystem.Thiswasdoneonaregularbasis.Yet,itwascleartoanyoneworkingonthesetanksandtheirhosesthatalotofsedimentwasaccumulatinginthesystem,sedimentthatwasakintopondscum.Evenafterthetankswerebleachedandflushed,somesedimentalwaysremained.”

Ofcourse,therecouldbeotherreasonswhythecoffeetastessounpleasant.CornellUniversityscientistsbelievethattheloud,inescapablesoundofcabinnoisecanaffectthewaywebothperceiveandtastefoodsduringflight.Eitherway,wemightjuststickwithcoffeeservedatgroundlevelfromnowon.

1.Whatattitudesdidtheauthorhavetowardsthecoffeeonplanesaccordingtothepassage?

2.（）isbasicallythecauseoftheterriblecoffeetasteonplanes.

3.Accordingtothecontext,whatpossiblyistheChinesemeaningoftheword“coliform”inParagraph9?

4.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtoUSAiremployeeJohnGoglia?

问题1选项

A.longing

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.melancholy

问题2选项

A.Theunwashedcontainerthatgoesouteverymorning

B.Theunchangedglovesofthecrewmember

C.Thewaterusedformakingcoffee

D.Theimpropersuppliesusedtocleanthecontainer

问题3选项

A.大肠菌

B.幽门螺杆菌

C.沙门氏菌

D.曲状杆菌

问题4选项

A.Therewasaregularprocesstobleachthewatertanksandflushoutthesystem.

B.Alotofsedimentwasaccumulatinginthetanksandtheirhoses.

C.Noneofthesedimentremainedaftercleaning.

D.Sedimentwassimilartopondscum

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Whatattitudesdidtheauthorhavetowardsthecoffeeonplanesaccordingtothepassage?1.根据文章，作者对飞机上的咖啡有什么态度？

A.longingA.渴望的

B.negativeB.消极的，负面的

C.indifferentC.冷漠的

D.melancholyD.忧郁的

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】根据第一段最后一句“在飞机上喝咖啡总是很难喝（Coffeealwaystastesterrible），原因可能很简单，也很恶心”，可知，作者对飞机上的咖啡的态度是负面的。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A选项“渴望的”、C选项“冷漠的”和D选项“忧郁的”不符合原文，曲解原文。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.______isbasicallythecauseoftheterriblecoffeetasteonplanes.2.______基本上是飞机上咖啡味道糟糕的原因。

A.TheunwashedcontainerthatgoesouteverymorningA.每天早上送出去的未清洗的容器

B.TheunchangedglovesofthecrewmemberB.机组人员不变的手套

C.ThewaterusedformakingcoffeeC.用来煮咖啡的水

D.TheimpropersuppliesusedtocleanthecontainerD.用于清洁容器的不当用品

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第八段第一句“所以基本上（Sobasically），你在达美航班上喝一杯星巴克比在机场喝一杯味道更差的原因是水（becauseofthewater），这一点之前已经提过了”，理解可知，飞机上的咖啡味道很糟糕的原因在水。故该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A选项“每天早上送出去的未清洗的容器”、B选项“机组人员不变的手套”和D选项“用于清洁容器的不当用品”只是制作咖啡的卫生令人恶心的原因，文中并没有提到这是咖啡味道糟糕的原因，张冠李戴。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Accordingtothecontext,whatpossiblyistheChinesemeaningoftheword“coliform”inParagraph9?3.根据文章，第9段中“coliform”一词的中文含义可能是什么？

A.大肠杆菌A.大肠杆菌

B.幽门螺杆菌B.幽门螺杆菌

C.沙门氏菌C.沙门氏菌

D.曲状杆菌D.曲状杆菌

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据关键词coliform定位至第九段第一句“环境保护局在2004年调查飞机上水的安全时发现15%的飞机饮用水里含有coliformbacteria”，根据常识，在水中存活引起人肠道疾病的细菌为大肠菌。所以选项A正确。

【干扰项排除】B选项“幽门螺杆菌”、C选项“沙门氏菌”和D选项“曲状杆菌”都不符合这一分析，曲解原文。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtoUSAiremployeeJohnGoglia?4.根据美国航空公司员工约翰•哥利亚的说法，以下哪项是不正确的？

A.Therewasaregularprocesstobleachthewatertanksandflushoutthesystem.A