考研考博-英语-广东省外语艺术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东省外语艺术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（）hisargumentinfavorofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobaseonwhich

D.whichtobebasedon

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意：教授很难找到充分的理由来支撑自己支持新理论的论据。由此可知，要把hisargument建立在grounds的基础上，即“basehisargumentsonthegrounds”，变成定语从句需要将介词on提到关系代词which的前面，即“onwhichtobasehisarguments”，所以选项B正确。

2.翻译题

各学科的发展日新月异，令人称奇，但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故，非常原始。迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有点离奇。尽管有不少人认定，考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平，但实际情况恰恰相反，这是有目共睹的。要想考察一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧，考试或许是个不错的办法。然而，特别是对艺术学科来说，要想了解一个人的艺术禀赋资质和艺术实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂来的。

【答案】Contrasttotherapidandastonishingdevelopmentinvarioussubjects,thewayofmeasuringknowledgeandabilityremainsasbefore,ratherprimitive.Sofar,therehasbeennowaywhichismoreeffectiveandreliablethanexamsineducation,whichseemskindofqueer.Thoughsomepeoplebelievethatexamscouldweighone’sknowledgelevel,thetruthisjusttheopposite,asisobvioustoall.Examsmaybeanot-so-badsolutiontotesttheabilitytoremembersomethingbyroteortoanswerquestionsquicklyyetundergreatpressure,buttheyareofvainifyouwanttoknowaboutthegift,intelligenceorpracticalabilitiesofaperson.

3.单选题

Engineeringoffersmenandwomenan（

）opportunitytoexperiencethejoyofimprovingthequalityoflifeforhumankindthroughdevelopmentofengineeringsolutionstosocietalproblems.

问题1选项

A.absolute

B.unparalleled

C.elaborate

D.obsessive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。absolute意为“绝对的，完全的”；unparalleled意为“无比的，空前的”；elaborate意为“复杂的，详尽的”；obsessive意为“着迷的”。

句意：工程学为男性和女性提供一个前所未有的机会，通过开发解决社会问题的工程解决方案来让他们体验改善人类生活质量的乐趣。

4.单选题

Takingalow-doseaspirineverydaywillreduceyourchancesofdyingfromcancer,scientistssaytoday,confirmingtheover-the-counterpillsasthemostextraordinarydrugyetdiscovered.

Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.ThestudypublictodayintheLancetmedicaljournalrevealsthatitalsohasapowerfulpreventiveactionagainstarangeofcancersandpossiblymoreofthemthanthereiscurrentlyenoughevidencetoprove.

Whilethedoctorswhocarriedoutthestudysayitisnotforthemtomakerecommendations,theleadauthor,46-year-oldProfPeterRothwellfromOxfordUniversity,sayshehasbeentakingaspirinforthelasttwoyears.Thebeneficialdoseis75mg-aquarterofastandardtablet,whichis300mg.Somepharmaciesselllow-dosetablets,butatahigherprice.

Rothwellandhiscolleagueshavealreadyshownthatdailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.Forthestudypublishedtoday,theyexaminedallthedatatheycouldfindfromwell-conductedtrialsthathadassessedtheuseofaspirinagainstacontroldrugandhadrecordeddeathsfromcancer.

Ineighttrialsinvolvingmorethan25,000patients,theyfoundtherewere21%fewerdeathsafterfiveyearsamongthosewhotookadailyaspirintablet,comparedwiththosewhodidnot.Theeffectwasmostnoticeableingastrointestinalcancers,wheredeathsdroppedby54%.

Patientsinaspirintrials20yearsagowerestill20%lesslikelytodieofasolidtumorand35%lesslikelytodieofgastrointestinalcancer.

Theyfoundthattheeffectsoftheaspirinseemedtokickinforpancreatic,brain,esophagealandlungcancer(generallynotthesorttriggeredbysmoking)afterpatientshadbeentakingitforfiveyearsormore.Forstomachandcolorectalcancer,theeffectswereseenafter10yearsandforprostatecancerafter15years.After20years,theriskofdeathfromprostatecancerwasreducedby10%,forlungcancerby30%,forcolorectalcancerby40%andforesophagealcancerby60%.

Thescientistsbelievebenefitsmaybeevengreaterthantheycouldestablish.

Theimpactonpancreas,stomachandbraincancerswasdifficulttoquantifyexactlybecauseofsmallernumbersofdeaths,theysay.Therecouldbeaneffectinbreastandovariancancers,butthereisnotenoughtrialdatatoproveit.

Thoseinthetrialstookaspirinforonlyfourtoeightyears.Rothwellbelievesthatifpeopletookaspirinfor20-30years,fromtheageofaround45or50,theymightsubstantiallyreducetheriskofcancer,whichsteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.

Rothwellandcolleaguesbelievetheirfindingsshouldtipthebalanceofrisk/benefitinfavourofdailyaspirindosing.Whilemillionsofpeoplestartedtakingthetabletsafterevidencethatitcuttheirchancesofheartattacksandstroke,therehasbeensomethingofamedicalback-pedaling,becauseaspirincancausestomachbleeding.

1.Over-the-counterpillsrefertodrugsthatcanbeobtained（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Theeffectofadailyaspirintabletwasmostnoticeablein（）.

4.Howmanyyearsdidthosepatientstakeaspirinsintheeighttrials?

5.Forcolorectalcancer,theeffectsoftheaspirinwereseenafter（）years.

问题1选项

A.withinthetouchofthecustomersontheshelf

B.withoutaprescriptionfromthedoctor

C.bywayofnotpayingtoomuchmoney

D.underthecoverageofmedicalinsurance

问题2选项

A.Dailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.

B.Aspirinhasaneffectinbreastandovariancancers.

C.Theriskofcancersteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.

D.Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.

问题3选项

A.gastrointestinalcancers

B.esophagealcancers

C.lungcancers

D.pancreaticcancers

问题4选项

A.fourtoeightyears

B.threetosevenyears

C.sixtoeightyears

D.fivetoeightyears

问题5选项

A.15

B.5

C.10

D.20

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。文中提到的over-the-counter(OTC)即我们常说的非处方药，是指为方便公众用药，在保证用药安全的前提下，经国家卫生行政部门规定或审定后，不需要医师或其他医疗专业人员开写处方即可购买的药品，一般公众凭自我判断，按照药品标签及使用说明就可自行使用。A选项“在货架上的顾客接触范围内”说法太宽泛；B选项“不需要医生的处方”说法正确；C选项“不用付太多钱”说法错误；D选项“在医疗保险范围内”说法错误，因此B选项正确。

2.细节事实。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“dailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.（每天服用阿司匹林可以将结直肠癌的死亡率降低三分之一以上）”；第九段“Therecouldbeaneffectinbreastandovariancancers,butthereisnotenoughtrialdatatoproveit.（这可能对乳腺癌和卵巢癌有影响，但没有足够的试验数据来证明这一点。）”；第十段“Rothwellbelievesthatifpeopletookaspirinfor20-30years,fromtheageofaround45or50,theymightsubstantiallyreducetheriskofcancer,whichsteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.（罗思韦尔认为，如果人们从45岁或50岁左右开始服用阿司匹林20-30年，他们可能会大幅降低患癌症的风险，而癌症风险会随着人们年龄的增长而稳步增加。）”以及第二段“Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.（每天服用阿司匹林已经被证明可以降低心脏病和中风的风险。）”。由此可知A选项“每天服用阿司匹林可以将结直肠癌的死亡率降低三分之一以上。”；C选项“随着人们年龄的增长，患癌症的风险稳步增加。”以及D选项“每天服用阿司匹林已经被证明可以降低心脏病和中风的风险。”说法都正确，只有B选项“阿司匹林对乳腺癌和卵巢癌有疗效。”说法错误，因此该题B选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第五段“Theeffectwasmostnoticeableingastrointestinalcancers,wheredeathsdroppedby54%.（这种效果在胃肠道癌症中最为明显，死亡率下降了54%。）”。由此可知A选项“胃肠道癌症”正确；B选项“食管癌”；C选项“肺癌”；D选项“胰腺癌”均不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第七段“Theyfoundthattheeffectsoftheaspirin...afterpatientshadbeentakingitforfiveyearsormore.（他们发现，在患者服用阿司匹林5年或更长时间后，阿司匹林的效果似乎对……更有效）”，由此可知年限的最低值需大于或等于5年的基础之上，A选项“4到8年”；B选项“3到7年”；C选项“6到8年”都不符合该基础，D选项“5到8年”更准确，因此D选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第七段“Forstomachandcolorectalcancer,theeffectswereseenafter10yearsandforprostatecancerafter15years.（对于胃癌和结肠直肠癌，效果是在10年后看到的，而对于前列腺癌则是在15年后看到的。）”，由此可知C选项正确。

5.单选题

Inthesetimes,whenourformofgovernmentisbeingcriticizedbypeopleofmanydifferentbeliefs,itisimportantthatweunderstandtheprinciplesonwhichoursocietywasfounded.Toooftentheseprinciplesaredisregardedbytheverypeoplewhoaremostvociferousindefendingthecountryagainstcriticism.Basictoourdemocracyisabeliefthattruthcanonlybearrivedatthroughafreeinterchangeofideas.Freedomofspeechisoneofourmostcherishedvalues.Nevertheless,withatotaldisregardoftheprinciplesofdemocraticfairplay,theaveragecitizenisapttohurlrashaccusationsinanattempttosilenceanyonewhomaynotagreewithhim.Toomanycitizensunderstanddemocracyonlyasasloganandhavenorealconceptthatdemocracyinpracticemeanswemusttoleratetheexpressionofunpopularideas.

Ourlistofdeadlysinsshouldberevisedtoincludethemisrepresentationofprinciplestogratifyone’spersonalspiteorvanity,thebetrayalofgreatcausesbymakingthemthecloakforpersonaladvancement,andthedebasementofhighidealsbyusingthemasapretextforthecalumniationofhonorablemen.

Thecommongoodshouldnotbemadeapoliticalfootball,fortheonlythingthatbindsmenisacommontrust,thethingthatunitesthemisacausetheyshare.Thatcausemustbesomethinggreaterthanmerepersonalpromotion.Thecauseforwhichmenliveandfightcannotappealtotheirpocketbookalone,butmustalsoappealtotheirhearts.

Letustakealessonfromthoserevolutionarieswhopromiseimpoverishedpeoplenotonlylandbutalsoavision.Itistruethattheirpoliciesoftencontradictthepromisestheymade,buttheyfirstwintheirwaybyproclaimingavisionwhichinspirespeople.Leninhimself,thesupremetechnicianofpolicy,knewhecouldnotachievehisendssimplybyplayingupdiscontents,masterashewasatthatgame.Heknewhecouldnotwinthepeopleovermerelybystirringuphatredsorappealingtoself-interest.Thepeoplemustfeelthethrobofagreatercause,glimpseavisionofabetterworld.

Thisvisionisparticularlynecessarytowintheloyaltiesoftheyoung.Wecertainlywillnotinspirethemifwemakeourcaseonthegroundthatcapitalisticplanningismoreefficientthansocialisticplanning.Efficientforwhat?Andforwhom?Theplannersaresometimesefficientenoughinseekingtheirowngainattheexpenseofthecommongood.No,wemustseekstrongerandhighergroundsifwearetoconvinceevenourselvesthatoursisthebestway.

Thatiswhyitisdeplorablethatinthiscountrywearesocomplacentaboutourheritage.Wedonotappreciatethestrengthandvitalityofthethingthatunitedus.Sowecarrylittleconvictionwhenwearechallengedtodefendourwayoflife.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthebasictenetsofdemocracyisapparentlyoneof（）.

2.Theauthorimpliesthatimpoverishedpeopleoftenconsiderthepromiseofrevolutionariestobe（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmoststronglyunitesmen?

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

问题1选项

A.objectiveinterest

B.hostileantagonism

C.hesitantacceptance

D.enthusiasticapproval

问题2选项

A.falseandtreacherous

B.credibleandinspiring

C.ambiguousandconfusing

D.superficialandirrelevant

问题3选项

A.Self-interest.

B.Thepressureofeconomicnecessity.

C.Discontentwithacommonoppressor.

D.Thesharedidealofmakingabetterworld.

问题4选项

A.praisethepropagandamethodsofothernations

B.encouragethespreadofdemocracytounderdevelopedlands

C.urgegreaterdevotiontotheidealsofdemocracy

D.criticizethosewhoputself-interestaheadoftheinterestsoftheircountry

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthebasictenetsofdemocracyisapparentlyoneof______.1.作者对民主基本原则的态度显然是一种______。

A.objectiveinterestA.客观利益

B.hostileantagonismB.敌对态度

C.hesitantacceptanceC.犹豫的接受

D.enthusiasticapprovalD.热情赞同

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】根据第一段的第一句“当我们的政府形式受到许多不同信仰的人的批评时，我们必须理解（itisimportantthatweunderstand）我们社会赖以建立的原则”，从important（重要的）和understand（理解）可推测出，作者对民主基本原则的态度是热情的赞成，所以选项D更准确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“客观利益”没有提到，无中生有；

B项“敌对态度”和C项“犹豫的接受”根据解题思路可知，曲解原文。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Theauthorimpliesthatimpoverishedpeopleoftenconsiderthepromiseofrevolutionariestobe______.2.作者暗示说，贫困的人们通常认为革命者的承诺是______。

A.falseandtreacherousA.错误和危险的

B.credibleandinspiringB.可靠和鼓舞人心的

C.ambiguousandconfusingC.模糊和混淆的

D.superficialandirrelevantD.肤浅和无关紧要的

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第四段第二句“他们的政策常常与他们所作的承诺相矛盾，但他们首先是通过宣布一个鼓舞人心的愿景（avisionwhichinspirespeople）来赢得胜利的”，从中可知，作者暗示穷人往往认为革命者做出的承诺是鼓舞人心的。B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“错误和危险的”、C项“模糊和混淆的”和D项“肤浅和无关紧要的”根据解题思路可知，属于曲解原文。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmoststronglyunitesmen?3.根据作者的观点，以下哪项最能将人们团结起来？

A.Self-interest.A.利己主义。

B.Thepressureofeconomicnecessity.B.经济需要的压力。

C.Discontentwithacommonoppressor.C.对普通压迫者的不满。

D.Thesharedidealofmakingabetterworld.D.创造更美好世界的共同理想。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“把人们凝聚在一起的唯一东西是共同的信任，把人们团结在一起的东西是他们共同的事业”，可知将人们团结在一起的是共同的信任和事业，这与D项“创造更美好世界的共同理想”表述相符合，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“利己主义”、B项“经济需要的压力”和C项“对普通压迫者的不满”根据解题思路可知，这三项都不能将人们团结起来，与原文不符，属于曲解原文。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto______.4.作者在文章中的主要目的是为了______。

A.praisethepropagandamethodsofothernationsA.赞扬其他国家的宣传方法

B.encouragethespreadofdemocracytounderdevelopedlandsB.鼓励在欠发达地区推广民主

C.urgegreaterdevotiontotheidealsofdemocracyC.敦促人们更加献身于民主的理想

D.criticizethosewhoputself-interestaheadoftheinterestsoftheircountryD.批评那些把个人利益置于国家利益之上的人

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】根据第一段的最后一句“太多的公民只把民主理解为一种口号，而没有真正的概念，即民主在实践中意味着我们必须容忍不受欢迎的思想的表达”，综合理解全文可知，整个文章都在讲民主原则以及对它的正确理解，鼓励人们为创立一个更加美好的世界而努力，所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是敦促大家更多地献身于民主的理想。该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“赞扬其他国家的宣传方法”和B项“鼓励在欠发达地区推广民主”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；

D项“批评那些把个人利益置于国家利益之上的人”在文中虽然提到了，但并不是文章主旨，属于以偏概全。

6.单选题

InternationalVaccination:A.jabintimeSomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica.Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits.

Eradicatingadiseaseisthesortofaimthatrichcountriescomeupwith,andpooronesstruggletoreach.Butforsomediseases,thepatternisreversed.Thesearetheailmentsforwhichvaccinationsexist.Manypoorcountriesrunhighlyeffectivevaccinationprogrammers.Butasmemoriesofthetollfrominfectiousdiseasesfadesacrosstherichworld,insomeplacestheyaremakingacomeback.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)reckonsthatvaccinessave2.5mlivesayear.Smallpoxwaseradicatedin1980withthehelpofavaccine;polioshouldsoonfollow.Inbothcases,richcountriesledtheway.Thenewpatternlooksverydifferent.

Thetrendismostevidentformeasles,whichishighlycontagious.Atleast95%ofpeoplemustvaccinatetostopitsspread(athresholdknownas"herdimmunity").Althoughusuallymild,itcanleadtopneumoniaandcausebraindamageorblindnessthecountrieswiththelowestvaccinationratesareallverypoor,butmanydevelopingcountriesrunexcellentprogrammes(seechart).Eritrea.RwandaandSriLankamanagetovaccinatenearlyeveryone.Bycontrast,severalrichcountries,includingAmerica,Britain.FranceandItaly,arebelowherdimmunity.LastyearEuropemissedthedeadlineithadsetitselfin2010toeradicatemeasles-andhadalmost4,000Cases.Americawasdeclaredmeasles-freein2000;in2014ithadhundredsofcasesacross27statesandlastyearsawitsfirstdeathfromthediseaseinmorethanadecade.Thetrendsforothervaccine-preventablediseases,suchasrubella,whichcancausecongenitaldisabilitiesifapregnantwomancatchesit,arealarming,too.

ThissorrystateofaffairsJsoftenblamedonhardline"anti-vaxxers:parent’suhorefusesallvaccinesfortheirchildren.Theyarcamotleylot.TheAmishinAmericaspurnmodernmedicine,alongwithalmosteverythingelseinventedsincethe17thcentury.Somevegansobjecttotheuseofanimal-derivedproductsinvaccines'manufacture.TheProtestantDutchReformedChurchthinksvaccinesthwartdivinewill.Anthroposophy,foundedinthe19thcenturybyRudolfSteiner,anAustrianmystic-cum-philosopher,preachesthatdiseasesstrengthenchildren'sphysicalandmentaldevelopment.

Inmostcountriessuchrefuseniksareonly2-3%ofparents.Butbecausetheytendtoliveinclusters,theycanbethesourceofoutbreaks.Abiggerproblem,though,isthegrowingnumberofparentswhodelayvaccination,orpickandchoosejabs.StudiesfromAmerica,AustraliaandEuropesuggestthataboutaquarterofparentsfallintothisgroup,generallybecausetheythinkthatthestandardvaccinationschedule,whichprotectsagainstaroundadozendiseases,"overloads-children’simmunesystems,orthatparticularvaccinesareunsafe.Somebelievevaccinesinterferewith“naturalimmunity".Manywereshakenbyaclaim,laterdebunked,thattherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRvaccine,whichprotectsagainstmeasles,mumpsandrubella.

InAmerica,somepourchildrenmissoutonvaccinesdespiteafederalprogrammetoprovidethejabsfree,sincetheyhavenoregularrelationshipwithafamilydoctor.SomeoutbreaksinEasternEuropehavestartedincommunitiesorRoma(gypsies).Membersofthispoorandostracizedminorityareshunnedbyhealthworkersandoftengounvaccinated.

1.Theword"culprits"(Line2.Paragraph1)probablyrefersto（）.

2.Theword"Anti-vaxxers"(Line1,Paragraph1)probablyrefersto（）.

3.Forsomediseases（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingaccordswiththeauthor'sview?

问题1选项

A.someonewhotriestomakedrug.

B.someonewhosupportsvaccination

C.someonewhoobjectsanti-vaxxers

D.someonewhoperpetrateswrongdoing

问题2选项

A.thosewhorefuseallvaccinesfortheirchildren.

B.thosewhoagreemtakevaccinesfortheirchildren

C.thosewhobelieveinvaccines.

D.thosewhodelayvaccines.

问题3选项

A.richcountriesarelesseffectiveindiseasepreventionthanpoorcountries.

B.richcountriesaretryingtoeradicatewhilepoorcountriescan't.

C.theyfindnowayintherichcountriesbutthepoorcountries.

D.theycomebackinthepoorcountriesonly

问题4选项

A.1980witnessedtheeradicationofsmallpox.

B.isthehelpofvaccine

C.countriessave2.5mlivesayear

D.Vaccinesareusuallymildwithoutharm.

问题5选项

A.Alldiseasewillbeeradicatedifpeopleacceptvaccines.

B.Anti-vaxxerscanbethesourceofoutbreaksbecausetheylendtoliveinclusters.

C.TherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRVaccine-

D.Toomanyvaccineswouldoverloadchildren'simmunesystems

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.词义题。根据题干定位至第一段:SomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica(与非洲贫困地区相比，部分西方国家的疫苗接种率更低),以及:Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits(反疫苗者并非主要的…)。由此推断“culprits”是对“反疫苗者”的介绍。因此D项“做坏事（不道德行为）的某人”正确。

2.词义题。根据题干定位至第一段:SomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica(与非洲贫困地区相比，部分西方国家的疫苗接种率更低),以及:Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits，可知，“Anti-vaxxers”是指A项“那些拒绝为孩子接种所有疫苗的人”。

3.判断推理题。A:在疾病预防上，富裕国家没有贫穷国家更有效，第二段指出:Butforsomediseases,thepatternisreversed.Thesearetheailmentsforwhichvaccinationsexist.Manypoorcountriesrunhighlyeffectivevaccinationprogrammes(但对于一些需要接种疫苗而疫苗存在安全隐患的疾病来说，上述模式正好相反。许多落后国家实施高效疫苗接种方案)。因此A正确。B:富国正在努力根除，而贫穷国家却不能。第二段指出:Eradicatingadiseaseisthesortofaimthatrichcountriescomeupwith,andpooronesstruggletoreach(消灭疾病是发达国家提出的目标，落后的国家则要很努力才能实现这一目标)。C:他们在富国找不到出路，只有在穷国。文章并未体现此项。D:仅仅在贫穷国家卷土重来。根据第二段中“insomeplacestheyaremakingacomeback”可知D项错误。因此，本题选A。

4.事实细节题。第三段指出:Smallpoxwaseradicatedin1980withthehelpofavaccine(在疫苗的作用下，1980年，天花得以消灭)，因此A项正确。

5.判断推理题。A:如果人们接种疫苗，那么所有疾病将根除。此选项在文中找不到依据。B：反疫苗者可能成为爆发的源头，因为他们为群居。倒数第二段指出:Butbecausetheytendtoliveinclusters,theycanbethesourceofoutbreaks(然而，因为他们大多为群居生活，这可能使得他们成为疾病爆发的源头)，因此B项符合作者的观点。C:自闭症和MMR疫苗之间有联系。倒数第二段指出:Manywereshakenbyaclaim,laterdebunked,thattherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRvaccine,whichprotectsagainstmeasles,mumpsandrubella(许多人曾被一个说法所动摇，该说法声称麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹三联疫苗（MMR疫苗）会导致自闭症一一这一说法后遭拆穿)，因此C项不符合作者的观点。D:太多疫苗会使得孩子的免疫系统超负荷。很多家长推迟或选择性接种疫苗的原因，不是作者的态度。因此选B。

7.单选题

FarmlandinpartsofJapanisnolongersafebecauseofhighlevelsofradiationinthesoil,scientistshavewarned,asthecountrystrugglestorecoverfromtheFukushimaatomicdisaster.Ateamofinternationalresearcherssaidfoodproductionwouldlikelybe"severelyimpaired"bytheelevatedlevelsofcaesium（放射性铯）foundinsoilsamplesacrosseasternFukushimainthewakeofmeltdownsatthetsunami-hitplant.Thestudysuggestsfarminginneighboringareasmayalsosufferbecauseofradiation,althoughlevelsdiscoveredtherewerewithinlegallimits."Fukushimaareaasawholeishighlypolluted,*'especiallytothenorthwestofthenuclearpowerplant,theresearcherssaid.Thestudylookedatcaesium-137,whichhasahalf-lifeof30yearsandthereforeaffectstheenvironmentfordecades.

Thelegallimitforconcentrationsinsoilwherericeisgrownofthesumofcaesium-134andcaesium-137,whicharealwaysproducedtogether,is5,000becquerelsperkilograminJapan.‘TheeastFukushimaareaexceededthislimitandsomeneighboringareassuchasMiyagi,TochigiandIbarakiarepartiallyclosetothelimitunderourupper-boundestimate,"thestudysaid."EstimatedandobservedpollutioninthewesternpartsofJapanwerenotasserious,eventhoughsomeareaswerelikelyaffectedtosomeextent,"itadded.

"Concentrationintheseareasarebelow25becquerelsperkilogram,whichisfarbelowthethresholdforfarming.However,westronglyrecommendeachareatoquicklycarryoutsomesupplementarysoilsamplingsatcitylevelstovalidateourestimates."

Thestudysaid‘foodproductionineasternFukushimaareaislikelyseverelyimpairedbythecaesium-137loadsofmorethan2,500becquerelsperkilogram’.

ThestudywasledbyTeppeiYasunarioftheUniversitiesSpaceResearchAssociationintheUSstateofMaryland.Heandhisteamuseddailyobservationsin.eachJapaneseareaandcomputer-simulatedparticledispersion,modelsbasedonweatherpatterns.

JapanhasbeenonalertfortheimpactofradiationsinceanearthquakeandresultingtsunamistruckthenortheastofthecountryonMarch11,damagingtheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplant.Itscoolingsystemswereknockedofflineandreactorsweresentintomeltdown,resultingintheleakingofradiation,intotheair,oceansandfoodchain.

ShipmentsofanumberoffarmproductsfromtheaffectedregionswerestoppedandeventhosethatwerenotsubjecttoofficialcontrolshavefoundlittlefavorwithJapaneseconsumerscautiousofthepotentialhealtheffects.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementiscorrect?

2.Fukushimaatomicdisaster’sdirectcauseis（

）.

3.Theradiationdidn’tgointo

（

）.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichattitudedoestheJapanesehave?

问题1选项

A.Japanesefarmlandisnolongersafebecauseoftheneighboringfarmlandishighlypolluted.

B.Theconcentrationsinsoilofthesumofcaesium.-134andcaesium-137cannotexceed5,000becquerelsperkilogram.

C.Miyagi,TochigiandIbarakiareasexceedthelegallimitforconcentrationsinsoil.

D.Japaneseconsumersfromaffectedregionsdon’tworryaboutthepotentialhealtheffectsofthefoodatall.

问题2选项

A.thefallingoftheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplant

B.thehurricane

C.thefoodproductionis“severelyimpaired’

D.notmentioned

问题3选项

A.theocean

B.theair

C.thecoolingsystem

D.thefoodchain

问题4选项

A.Angry.

B.Worried.

C.Scared.

D.Unconcerned.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.A选项表达太绝对，排除，C选项根据第二段‘someneighboringareassuchasMiyagi,TochigiandIbarakiarepartiallyclosetothelimitunderourupper-boundestimate,"确定是’接近于‘不是’超过‘所以排除，D选项根据最后一段’ShipmentsofanumberoffarmproductsfromtheaffectedregionswerestoppedandeventhosethatwerenotsubjecttoofficialcontrolshavefoundlittlefavorwithJapaneseconsumerscautiousofthepotentialhealtheffects.来自受影响地区的一些农产品已被停止发货，即便是那些不受官方控制的农产品，也没有得到日本消费者的青睐，他们担心这些农产品可能对健康造成影响。确定与原文不符，排除，所以B选项正确。

2.文章第一段提到Fukushimaatomicdisaster，但是全文并没有提及原因，所以D选项符合题意。

3.根据文章倒数第二段最后一句‘Itscoolingsystemswereknockedofflineandreactorsweresentintomeltdown,resultingintheleakingofradiation,intotheair,oceansandfoodchain.破坏的福岛核电站反应堆冷却系统是把线下和被派往崩溃,导致辐射泄漏,进入空气,海洋和食物链。可知ABD选项正确，C选项没有提及，选择C。

4.通过阅读全文以及最后一段，可以知道日本人对这个问题是担心的，所以B选项符合题意。

8.单选题

问题1选项

A.Japan.t

B.France.t

C.TheUK.t

D.SouthKorea.

问题2选项

A.Lowobesityrates.

B.Inadequatehealthresources.

C.Advancedmedicaltechnology.

D.Highlevelsofalcoholconsumption.

问题3选项

A.Obesityratesindifferentcountries.

B.Dietarypatternsindifferentcountries.

C.Lifeexpectancyindifferentcountries.

D.Alcoholconsumptionindifferentcountries.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

【解析】第1题:男性说到“Anewanalysisfoundthatbytheyear2030,theSouthKoreawillbetheleaderwithanaveragelifeexpectancyof90years”，说明韩国人的预期寿命会在2030年领先。

第2题:最后一句说到“ButintheUK,therehasbeenalotmoredrinking”，说明在英国，喝酒的现象很多，因此D选项“大量饮酒”正确。

第3题:对话以一个问句“whichcountrydoyouthinkhasthecurrenthighestlifeexpectancy（你认为哪个国家的预期寿命最高）”开头，再讲到了日本、韩国、英国及法国的一些情况，说明本段对话讲的主题就是各个国家的预期寿命情况，C选项正确。

9.单选题

Themedicinewassupposedtocureallkindsof（）,rangingfromcoldstobackpains.

问题1选项

A.compliments

B.ailments

C.implements

D.commitments

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。compliment恭维，称赞；ailment疾病，多指小病；implement工具，器具；commitment承诺，保证。句意：据说这种药可以治疗各种各样的疾病，从感冒到背痛都可以。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Manyboysandgirls______togetherroundthefireandsangsongs.

问题1选项

A.clustered

B.clattered

C.clutched

D.cluttered

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项cluster“使聚集，聚集在某人的周围”，B项clatter“发出哗啦声，喧闹的谈笑”，C项clutch“紧握，（因害怕或痛苦）突然抓住”，D项clutter“使凌乱，胡乱地填满”。根据关键信息togetherroundthefireandsangsongs“一起围着火堆唱歌”可知，空格处填入A项符合句子语境。句意：许多男孩和女孩聚集在火堆周围唱歌。因此，该题选择A项正确。

11.单选题

Johnwasnotselected（）;hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.

问题1选项

A.deliberately

B.alternatively

C.momentously

D.arbitrarily

【答案】D

【解析】副词辨析。句意：John并不是被（）选择的；他被选来承担这份工作是因为他拥有的工作经验最丰富。

deliberately故意地，谨慎地，慎重地；alternatively非此即彼，二者择一地；momentously重大地；arbitrarily随意地，武断地。D选项“随意地”符合句意。

12.单选题

Scientistsbelievethataconclusionwhichisdrawnreadilybeforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplatediscalled（）.

问题1选项

A.insincere

B.premise

C.premature

D.presumption

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。insincere“不诚恳的”，形容词；premise“前提，假设”；premature“过早发生的事物；早产儿”;presumption“假定，推定”。根据conclusion“结论”及beforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplated“在所有相关数据被收集、分析和考虑之前”可知“称为推定”符合语境，因此选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

Tomdoesn’tthinkthatthe______situationhereisasgoodashishometown’s.

问题1选项

A.economics

B.economic

C.economy

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项economics“n.经济学；国家的经济状况”；B选项economic“adj.经济的，经济上的；经济学的”；C选项economy“n.经济；节约；理财”；D选项economical“经济的；节约的；合算的”。economic用以指与贸易、工业或财富等有关的“经济上的”或“有关经济学方面”的意义，一般用作定语；economical则指与“节约”同义的“经济