考研考博-英语-广西安全工程职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西安全工程职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thousandsof（

）atthestadiumcametotheirfeettopaytributetoanoutstandingperformance.

问题1选项

A.audience

B.participants

C.spectators

D.observers

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。audience听众；participant参与者；spectator观众，看客；observer观察者。句意：体育场内成千上万的观众起立，向这场出色的表演致敬。此句语境为去体育场观看表演，所以主体为观众。答案C

2.单选题

Likemostforeigners,Iaskalotofquestions,someofwhichareinsultinglysilly.ButeveryoneI（）hasansweredthosequestionswithpatienceandhonesty.

问题1选项

A.comeacross

B.comeby

C.comeover

D.comeinto

【答案】A

【解析】comeacross偶遇，无意中发现；comeby得到，从旁边走过；comeover过来，顺便来访；comeinto进入，得到。句意：和大多数外国人一样，我也会问很多问题，其中有些问题特别愚蠢。但我遇到的每个人都耐心且诚实的回答了这些问题。选项A符合句意。

3.单选题

Standingatthetopofthemountain,wewatchedthefog（）fromthevalleybelow;itseemedthatwehadenteredafairyland.

问题1选项

A.descend

B.decrease

C.ascend

D.increase

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项descend“下降；遗传”；B选项decrease“减小；减少”；C选项ascend“上升；攀登”；D选项increase“增加；增大”。句意：站在山顶，我们看着雾从下面的山谷……，我们好像进入了一个仙境。形容云雾缭绕，雾应该是从下方升起的，故选C。

4.单选题

PricesforcarsintheU.S.canrun______$20,800.

问题1选项

A.ashighas

B.sohighas

C.sohighto

D.sohighthat

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ashighas高达B.sohighas那么高

C.sohighto如此高D.sohighthat如此高以致于……

【答案】A

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“美国的汽车价格______20800美元”可知，空格处填入“高达”符合句意，且as…as…为固定搭配，表示“和……一样”。因此，该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

B、C项没有这个用法；

D项后面一般要跟句子。

【句意】在美国，汽车的价格可高达20800美元。

5.单选题

Theautomobile'sexhaustsystem（

）foul-smellingfumes.

问题1选项

A.Attracted

B.condensed

C.absorbed

D.emitted

【答案】D

【解析】attract吸引，引起；condense浓缩，凝结；absorb吸收，使……全神贯注；emit发出，排放，放射。句意：汽车的排气系统排放出难闻的废气。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakness,thelistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

问题1选项

A.assurance

B.encouragement

C.persuasion

D.confirmation

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果一个人谈论自己的弱点，那么他就会期望听者说些鼓励的话。

考查名词辨析。assurance保证;担保;encouragement鼓励；persuasion劝服；confirmation确认;证实。因此B符合句意。

7.单选题

Icanrespectsomeonewhois（）fortheiractions,butIcannotrespectsomeonewhoisalwayspointingthefinger.

问题1选项

A.millennium

B.dominant

C.accountable

D.commercial

【答案】C

【解析】语义题。millennium一千年，千禧年；dominant占优势的，支配的；accountable负有责任的；commercial商业的，商务的。accountable符合要求。根据句中but一词推测,空格出应填与alwayspointingthefinger(总是指手画脚)反向的词。因此选C。

8.单选题

Developmentprogramsinitiatedinthetribal-dominatedareasoftenadverselyaffectedthetribalwayoflifeandeconomy,whichwasfrequentlyfollowedbythe（）ontraditionaltribalareasorlandbynon-tribals.

问题1选项

A.encroachment

B.expansion

C.enormity

D.elevation

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。encroachment“入侵”；expansion“膨胀”；enormity“暴行”；elevation“提升，海拔”。句意：在部落占主导地位的地区开展的发展项目往往对部落的生活方式和经济产生不利影响，并且通常伴随着部落传统领地经常被其他外来种族入侵。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Almostasa（）totherevivalofGreekknowledgeandvaluescametherevivalofinterestinmathematics.

问题1选项

A.corollary

B.outcome

C.consequence

D.results

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项corollary“推论，必然的结果”；B选项outcome“结局，成果”；C选项consequence“重要性，推论”；D选项results“后果”。句意：希腊知识和价值观的复兴几乎是必然的结果，人们对数学的兴趣也随之复苏。选项A更符合语境。

10.单选题

Physicallife,whichhasoftenbeendepreciatedfromthemoralpointofview,isnotindeedbyitselfsupreme,butitiscertainthatmuchevilchargedtoabadwillisduetomorbidordefectiveconditionsofthephysicalorganism.Onewouldbeashamedtowritesuchatruismwereitnotthatourjuvenilecourtsandourprisoninvestigationsshowhowfarwearefromhavingsenseditinthepast.Andourpresentlaborconditionsshowhowfarourorganizationofindustryisfromanydecentprovisionforahealthy,sound,vigorouslifeofallthepeople.Thiswarisshockinginitsdestruction,butitisdoubtfulifitcandotheharmtoGreatBritainthatherfactorysystemhasdone.Andiflifeisinonerespectlessthanideals,inanotherrespectitisgreater;foritprovidesthepossibilitynotonlyofcarryingoutexistingidealsbutofthebirthofnewandhigherideals.Socialinteractionlikewisehasbeenmuchdiscussedbutisstillveryinadequatelyrealized.Thegreatpossibilitiesofcooperationhavelongbeenutilizedinwar.Withthefactoryandcommercialorganizationofthepastcenturywehavehintsoftheireconomicpower.Ourschools,books,newspapers,areremovingsomeofthebarriers.Buthowfardifferentsocialclassesarefromanyknowledge,nottosayappreciation,ofeachother!Howfardifferentracesareapart!Howeasytoinculcatenationalhatredanddistrust!ThefourthgreatproblemwhichbafflesWells’sherointheResearchMagnificentisyetfarfromsolution.ThegreatdangertomoralityinAmericaliesnotinanytheoryastothesubjectivityofthemoraljudgment,butintheconflictofclassesandraces.Intelligenceandreasonareincertainrespectsadvancing.Thesocialsciencesarefindingtoolsandmethods.Wearelearningtothinkofmuchofourmoralinertia,ourwasteoflife,ournarrowness,ourmuddlingandblunderinginsocialarrangements,asstupid—wedonotliketobecalledstupidevenifwescorntheimputationofclaimingtobe“good”.Butwedonotorganizepeaceaseffectivelyaswar.Weshrinkbeforethethoughtofexpendingforscientificinvestigationsumscomparablewiththoseusedformilitarypurposes.Andisscholarshipentitledtoshifttheblameentirelyuponotherinterests?Perhapsifitconceiveditstasksingreatertermsandaddresseditselftothemmoreenergeticallyitwouldfindgreatersupport.Andfinallytheprocessofjudgmentandappraisal,ofexaminationandrevaluation.Tojudgeforthesakeofjudging,toanalyzeandevaluateforthesakeoftheprocesshardlyseemsworthwhile.Butifwesupplytheprocesswiththenewfactorsofincreasedlife,physical,social,intelligent,weshallbecompelledtonewvaluations.Suchhasbeenthecourseofmoraldevelopment;wemayexpectthistoberepeated.Thegreatwarandthechangesthatemergeoughttosetnewtasksforethicalstudents.Asmedievalism,thecenturyofenlightenment,andthecenturyofindustrialrevolution,eachhaditsethics,sothecenturythatfollowsoughttohaveitsethics,rousedbytheproblemofdealingfundamentallywitheconomic,social,racial,andnationalrelations,andusingtheresourcesofbetterscientificmethodthanbelongedtotheethicalsystemswhichservedwelltheirtime.

1.“Thewar”theauthorreferstointhepassageis（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingproverbs/sayingsbestexpressesthemeaningofthewriter’sopinion?

3.ThelastgreatproblemwhichbafflesWells’sheroinTheResearchMagnificentis

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,moralprogressinvolves

（

）.

5.Fromthetextwemaydeducethattheauthorviewsmoraldevelopmentinthefuturewith

（

）.

问题1选项

A.thecivilwar

B.WorldWarI

C.WorldWarII

D.thewarinVietnam

问题2选项

A.Aman’sreachshouldexceeditsgrasp.

B.Ahealthymindisinahealthybody.

C.Destinyisinyourownhands.

D.Noneoftheabove.

问题3选项

A.sex

B.jealousy

C.prejudice

D.fear

问题4选项

A.aprocessoflogicaldeduction

B.insightintothenatureofthingsastheyare

C.theconvictionthatmorallifeisaprocessinvolvingsocialintercourse

D.noneoftheabove

问题5选项

A.optimism

B.confidence

C.pessimism

D.caution

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。文中说到“Thegreatwarandthechangesthatemergeoughttosetnewtasksforethicalstudents”，所以thewar是指thegreatwar，而这是第一次世界大战的英文表述，因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:2.判断推理题。文中说到“itiscertainthatmuchevilchargedtoabadwillisduetomorbidordefectiveconditionsofthephysicalorganism.”可以肯定的是，许多恶行都是由于生理有机体的病态或缺陷状态造成的。因此相对的“Ahealthymindisinahealthybody.”B选项符合题意。

第3题:3.判断推理题。由文中两个感叹句“Howfardifferentracesareapart!Howeasytoinculcatenationalhatredanddistrust”可知困扰威尔斯笔下主人公的是“races”，也就是C选项的prejudice“偏见”。

第4题:4.判断推理题。文中没有直接提到选项的一些关键词，但是有“Socialinteractionlikewisehasbeenmuchdiscussedbutisstillveryinadequatelyrealized”，社会交往的问题已经讨论过很多次，但还远未能实现，紧跟着后文提到的一系列问题也是道德在社会交往层面未能实现的体现，因此生活为理想的实现以及更高层次新理想的诞生创造了可能性，C选项“认为道德生活包括社会交往”符合题意。

第5题:5.观点态度题。文中提到“Suchhasbeenthecourseofmoraldevelopment;wemayexpectthistoberepeated…Asmedievalism,thecenturyofenlightenment,andthecenturyofindustrialrevolution,eachhaditsethics,sothecenturythatfollowsoughttohaveitsethics.”通过这些表述，可知作者对新时期道德的发展是很有信心的，因此B选项符合题意。

11.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.

Today’spolicemeninlargecitiesthroughouttheworldrelyonmoderninventionstohelpthemintheirwork.Inmostplacesmotor-scootersandpolicepatrolcarshavedoneawaywiththeneedtopatrolonfootoronhorseback.Policemenusetelephone,convenientlylocatedthroughouttheirdistricts,tomakeimmediatecontactwithheadquarters.Radio,television,andcomputershelptospeedtheworkofthemodernforce.Evenboatsandhelicoptersarepartoftheequipmentofmetropolitanpolicedepartments.Newtechnicalinventionsarewidelyusedtofightcrimeandspeedthesolutionofcriminalcases.Electroniccomputersreducefromhourstominutesthetimespentinsearchingforfingerprints.Witness’sdescriptionsofacriminalarecodedandfedintoacomputer.Themachinethensortsthroughthepicturefileofknowncriminalsandselectsthenameandphotographofthemostlikelysuspect.Liedetectorsareusedtouncoverthetruth.

【答案】今天，全球很多大城市的警察都借助现代发明进行工作。在大多数地方，驾驶小摩托车和警察巡逻车已经取代了步行或在马背上巡逻的做法。各区便捷的电话网使警察能及时与总部取得联系；无线电、电视、计算机也有助于提高现代警察的工作效率；甚至连船只和直升机也成了一些大城市警察部门的装备。新技术发明广泛运用于打击犯罪，加速案件侦破，计算机将搜索指纹所花费的时间由几小时减少到几分钟。证人对罪犯的描述被编码并输入计算机，计算机将所掌握的罪犯照片案卷进行分类，选出重大嫌疑犯的姓名和照片；测谎仪也用于帮助揭露真相。

12.填空题

Apersonwhois（）（conscious）isnotawareofwhatisgoingonaroundhimorher.

【答案】unconscious

【解析】由“notawareof”可知应将conscious变成unconscious.

13.单选题

8.

问题1选项

A.ToX-rayhischest.

B.Tohospitalizehim.

C.Toperformaminorsurgery.

D.Totransferhimtoaspecialist.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whathappened?

M:Iwasinafightandgotmyheadhurt.

W:Wereyouknockedout?

M:No.

W:IwantyoutogoforanX-ray.Andcomebacktome.You’llneedsomestitchesforthatwound.

Q:Whatisthedoctorgoingtodofortheman?

【解析】细节题。医生告诉男士先去做X光，回来后伤口需要缝针。

14.翻译题

5.Afascinatingcitybetweenseaandsky,likeVenusrisingfromthewaves,Venicewelcomestouristsfromthefivecontinentsdrawntoherbythecharmofherwaterandpellucidlight,freefromalldustandcooledbytheseabreeze.ShealsoofferstheintellectualpleasurestobederivedfromhermasterpieceswhichmarkthemeetingofEastandWest.

【答案】【参考译文】

5.威尼斯水城海天相连，景色迷人，宛如碧波中涌现的维纳斯，吸引着五大洲的游客。她水色旖旎，波光粼粼，清风拂面而来，扫去你心中的不快与烦恼。而城市中那些集东西方艺术之大成的杰作，更给人以精神上的享受。

15.单选题

Thelocalresidentswereunhappyaboutthecurfewinthisregionanddecidedto（）it.

问题1选项

A.defy

B.disguise

C.disgrace

D.distress

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。defy“藐视；公然反抗”；disguise“伪装”；disgrace“给……丢脸”；distress“使背痛；使贫困”。根据residentswereunhappyaboutthecurfew“居民对宵禁不满”，可知他们决定“反抗”，选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Janet_____hersisterforeavesdroppingonherphonecalls.“Stayoutofmylovelife,”shechided.

问题1选项

A.upbraided

B.begrudged

C.underlined

D.grilled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项“责骂”，B项“嫉妒”，C项“强调”，D项“盘问；审问”。结合句意：Janet姐姐偷听她的电话。“别插手我的爱情生活，”她斥责道。所以选A项。

17.单选题

Advanceinsciencemoreoftenthannotencounterspowerfulopposition,（）Darwin’sTheoryofEvolution.

问题1选项

A.aswasthecasewith

B.suchasthecaseof

C.asitdidwith

D.asinthecaseof

【答案】A

【解析】考查as的用法。as在句中是关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，经常用于asis/wasthecasewith结构中，用具体事例说明主句的概括和结论。句意：科学的进步往往遭到强烈的反对，达尔文的进化论便是如此。因此A选项正确。

18.单选题

AntiwarchampionRep.JohnMurthawantstoattachconditionsontheimpendingsupplemental_______billtofundthewar.

问题1选项

A.approbations

B.approximations

C.apprehensions

D.appropriations

【答案】D

【解析】approbation官方批准,认可;approximation接近,近似值;apprehension理解,恐惧,逮捕；appropriation挪用,拨款。句意：反战派共和党员JohnMurtha希望对即将通过的为战争提供资金的追加拨款法案附加条件。选项D符合句意。

19.单选题

I’d（）hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.

问题1选项

A.takeintoaccount

B.accountfor

C.makeupfor

D.makeout

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我会考虑到这个地区其他农民和商人对他的评价，然后决定是否批准贷款。

考查短语辨析。takeintoaccount考虑;重视;体谅;accountfor对…负有贵任：对…做出解释;说明…的原因；makeupfor补偿；弥补；makeout辨认出;说明;填写;设法应付。动词短语的宾语是hisreputation(对他的评价)，因此A项符合句意。

20.单选题

Shewaskeento________acause,andhasbecomeanadvocateagainstchildobesity.

问题1选项

A.makeup

B.giveup

C.takeup

D.raiseup

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.makeup组成，编造B.giveup放弃，让出

C.takeup从事，开始工作D.raiseup举起，抬起

【考查点】动词词组辨析。

【解题思路】空格处和下文的“acause（事业）”构成动宾逻辑，bekeentodosth.是固定搭配，意为“热衷于做某事”，表示她热衷于怎么样这项事业。后半句说到“已经成为反对儿童肥胖的倡导者（becomeanadvocate）”，由此可知，这项事业指的是反对儿童肥胖，她应该是从事着反对儿童肥胖的工作并热衷于此。takeup指从事某项工作，因此C选项takeup“从事，开始工作”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项makeup“组成，编造”指将不同的部分组合在一起或为了欺骗和娱乐而编造故事，不能和“cause（事业）”进行搭配；

B选项giveup“放弃，让出”指停止尝试做某事或拥有某物，与题干语义相矛盾，应该是“从事工作”而不是“放弃工作”；

D选项raiseup“举起，抬起”指把某物举起或移动到更高的水平，侧重于物理意义上的抬高，不能和“cause（事业）”进行搭配。

【句意】她热衷于从事这项事业，并且已经成为反对儿童肥胖的倡导者。

21.单选题

Theyoungwoman’sheartrevoltedagainstso（）acharge,andwhenshesawthatshecouldattempttodonothingtosaveherprotector,sheweptbitterly.

问题1选项

A.blessed

B.monstrous

C.heinous

D.grievous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:年轻的夫人坚决地抗议这种污蔑。当她发现自己无力拯救保护人吋，便痛苦地哭泣起来。

考查形容词辨析。blessed幸福的，受祝福的，神圣的;monstrous巨大的，怪异的；heinous极恶毒的，道德败坏的，可恨的；grievous痛苦的，剧烈的。因此C符合句意。

22.翻译题

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.Oneoftheseisundueabsorptionsinthepast.Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories,inregretsforthegoodolddays,orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefuture,andtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisagraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andone’smindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgotten,andifitisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.

Myfavoritequotationisthesentenceabove,writtenbyDisraeli.Ithashelpedmethroughmanyapainfulexperience.Oftenweallowourselvestobeupsetsmallthingsweshoulddespiseandforget.Perhapssomemanwehelpedhasprovedungrateful...somewomanwebelievedtobeafriendhasspokenillofus...somerewardwethoughtwedeservedhasbeendeniedus.Wefeelsuchearthdisappointmentsostronglythatwecannolongerworkorsleep.But,isn’tthatabsurd?Hereweareonthisearth,withonlyafewmoredecadestolive,andwelosemanyirreplaceablehoursbroodingovergrievancesthat,inayear’stime,willbeforgottenbyusandbyeverybody.No,letusdevoteourlifetoworthwhileactionsandfeelings,togreatthoughts,realaffectionsandenduringundertakings.Forlifeistooshorttobelittle.

【答案】从心理上讲，人到老年有两种危险需要防范。一种是对过去的过度吸收。不能活在回忆中，活在对过去美好时光的悔恨中，活在对死去的朋友的悲伤中。人的思想必须指向未来，指向未来需要完成的事情。这并不总是容易的。一个人的过去是一份不断加重的负担，人们容易认为自己过去的情感比现在强烈，过去的头脑比现在敏锐。如果这是真的，就应该忘记它；如果它能被忘掉，那么它将不是事实。

我最喜欢的引语就是上面这句由迪斯雷利写的话。它帮助我度过了许多痛苦的经历。我们通常让自己为一些我们本应不屑一顾，抛诸脑后的小事苦恼。可能是我们帮助过的某人忘恩负义……那些我们以为是朋友的某女士在背后诋毁我们……没能得到我们自认为应得的奖赏。我们对这些事情感到极度失望，以至于难以工作和睡觉。但是，这不是很荒唐吗？我们在这个地球上，只有几十年生命，可是却浪费了许多一去不复返的时间去沉思那些在一年之内自己与别人都会忘怀的冤屈。不！让我们把生命奉献给有价值的行为和感情，奉献给伟大的思想、真正的情感和不朽的事业。因为生命太短，不能被琐事耽误。

23.翻译题

1.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthose(

)（毕生致力于诗歌的人）:theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.

2.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,

(

)

（否则她上周就该回信了）.

3.Nancyissupposedto

(

)

（做完化学实验）atleasttwoweeksago.

4.Neveronce

(

)（老两口互相争吵）sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.

5.

(

)（一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于）thequalityofeducationofitspeople.

【答案】1.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthosewhohavespenttheirwholelivesonpoems

（毕生致力于诗歌的人）:theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.

2.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,orsheshouldhaverepliedtomelastweek

（否则她上周就该回信了）.

3.Nancyissupposedtohavefinishedherchemistryexperiments（做完化学实验）atleasttwoweeksago.

4.Neveroncehastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother

（老两口互相争吵）sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.

5.Theprosperityofanationislargelydependentupon

（一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于）thequalityofeducationofitspeople.

24.单选题

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything_____goingonintheworld.

问题1选项

A.itis

B.thereis

C.asis

D.whatis

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知everything为定语从句的先行词，everything后面所接部分是修饰everything的定语从句；thereis结构作“目前有的”解时，可引导限定性定语从句，置于被修饰的名词后面，作该从句主语的关系代词that常常省略。

25.单选题

Peoplewillbelookingintoseehowgoodwearenowandwhetheroursuccesshasjustbeena（）inthepan.

问题1选项

A.flare

B.glitter

C.spark

D.flash

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项flare“闪耀”；B选项glitter“灿烂”；C选项spark“火花”；D选项flash“闪光”。句意：人们会来看看我们现在有多好，我们的成功是否只是昙花一现。flashinthepan，固定搭配，“昙花一现”。因此D选项正确。

26.单选题

Thedifferenceintoneandlanguagemuststrikeus,assoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide.Thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anideal.constitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself,amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintentisamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety.Science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartorthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills,someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreedoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealoutnaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirthandofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness.Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereactions.Whenthesecome.Therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinnaturalexcellence.Thusreligiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinresults?Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremoldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallfood.Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.Hencethedepthandimportanceofreligionbecomesintelligiblenolessthanitscontradictionsandpracticaldisasters.Itsobjectisthesameasthatofreason,butitsmethodistoproceedbyintuitionandbyuncheckedpoeticalconceits.

1.Asusedinthepassage,theauthorwoulddefine"wisdom"as（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,sciencediffersfromreligioninthat（

）.

4.Theauthorstatesthatreligiondiffersfromrationalityinthat（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thepursuitofreligionhasprovedtobe（

）.

问题1选项

A.thepursuitofrationalitythroughimagination.

B.anunemotionalsearchforthetruth.

C.apurposefulandunbiasedquestforwhatisbest.

D.ashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness

问题2选项

A.Religionseeksthetruththroughimagination,reason.Initssearch,utilizestheemotions.

B.Religionhasprovedanineffectivetoolinsolvingman’sproblems.

C.Scienceseeksapiecemealsolutiontoman’squestions.

D.Thefunctionsofphilosophyandreasonarethesame.

问题3选项

A.itisunawareofultimategoals.

B.itisunimaginative.

C.itsfindingsareexactandfinal.

D.itresemblessocietyandart.

问题4选项

A.itreliesonintuitionratherthanreasoning.

B.itisnotconcernedwiththeultimatejustificationofitsinstinctiveaims.

C.ithasdisappointedmankind.

D.ithasinspiredmankind.

问题5选项

A.imaginative

B.aproviderofhopeforthefuture

C.ahighlyintellectualactivity

D.ineffectual

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节题。最后一段指出:宗教是通过想象来追逐理性，当它解释事件或阐明原因时，以虚构的想象来取代科学，当它训诫，暗示理想或者重塑抱负时，以想象代替智慧——智慧的意思是指有意识而又公正的追求一切好东西。故选C。

2.细节题。参照第一段的第4句话，“不论我们是否遵循理性，它不会催促或责备我们，除了以事物的本来面目和比例揭示各种事物而自然而然的激起我们的感情，它并不需要我们付出任何感情。”即理性是非感情的。因此A项“宗教通过想象力寻求真理，而理性的探索却运用感情”是不正确的。

3.细节题。参考第一段倒数第二句话:(宗教)无视目的，也不管其本能的目标是否最终证明正确,故选A。

4.细节题。参考第一段中:宗教的挣扎与不断变化的力量似乎促使人追求某种永恒的东西，它似乎追求灵魂的最终和谐以及灵魂与灵魂所依赖的一起事物之间的永恒的和谐。因此D项(它激起人类情感)正确。

5.态度方向。第二段指出：我们得承认宗教追求理性生活一直是流产了（很失败）。故选D项(无效)。

27.单选题

Itisalsoimportanttohavesomethingthatcancleanwaterandkill（）,sowaterfromothersourcescanbemadesafetodrink.

问题1选项

A.plasmodia

B.bacteria

C.criteria

D.malaria

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。plasmodia“疟原虫；bacteria“细菌”；criteria“标准，条件”；malaria“痢疾，瘴气”。句意：有可以清洁水并可以杀死细菌的东西很重要，这样的话来自其他来源的水也可以安全饮用。只有清洁的水，并且水里面的细菌被杀死了，才是可以安全饮用的水。故B项正确。

28.单选题

Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped（）atdifferentvillages.

问题1选项

A.gradually

B.continuously

C.constantly

D.continually

【答案】D

【解析】副词词义辨析。gradually逐渐地；continuously连续不断地；constantly不断地，时常地；continually不断地，频繁地。句意：我们的旅行很慢，因为火车频繁地在不同的村庄停靠。选项D更符合语境。

29.翻译题

Motherlanguages,alongwithlinguisticdiversity,matterfortheidentityofindividuals.Assourcesofcreativityandvehiclesforculturalexpression,theyarealsoimportantforthehealthofsocieties.Notleast,languagesarefactorsfordevelopmentandgrowth.Weknowhowimportanteducationinthemotherlanguageisforlearningoutcomes.Motherlanguageinstructionisapowerfulwaytofightdiscriminationandreachouttomarginalizedpopulation.Aswellspringsofknowledge,languagesarealsostartingpointsforgreatersustainabilityindevelopment,formanagingmoreharmoniouslyourrelationshipwiththeenvironmentandchange.

【答案】母语，以及语言多样性，对个体的身份认同至关重要。作为创造力的来源和文化表达的工具，它们对社会的健康也很重要。重要的是，语言是发展和增长的因素。我们知道母语教育对学习成果的重要性。母语教学是消除歧视和接触边缘人口的有力途径。语言作为知识的源泉，也是提高发展可持续性、更和谐地管理我们与环境和变革的关系的起点。

30.单选题

Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcentury,itmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.

Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.

TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandthelanguagemightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.

Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeahighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesvowel-likesounds,attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands,ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourheknowshislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.

Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornwiththecapacityofspeaking.Whatisspecialaboutman'sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,isthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern"toy-bear".Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain'sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.

Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechi