考研考博-英语-德宏师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-德宏师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Earlyinthesixteenthcentury,FrancisBaconproposedthatscienceconsistedintheelevationoftheauthorityofexperimentandobservationoverthatofreason,intuition,andconvention.Baconthoughtthatasmoreandmorereliableandpreciseparticularfacts,accumulate,theycanbeclassifiedandgeneralized,resultinginanever-expandinghierarchyofuseful“axioms”.Thisiswhathemeantby“induction”.

Althoughmanypeopletodaycontinuetoregardthecollectionoffactsandtheirarrangementbyinductionintotheoriesastheheartofscientificmethod,Bacon’sconceptionofwhatfactsandtheoriesareandoftherelationshipbetweenthemwashopelesslyunrealisticeveninhisowntime.ThemostimportantearlyscientificdiscoveriessuchasthosemadebyGalileoaboutthemovementoftheearth,byKepplerabouttheellipticalshape,ofplanetaryorbits,andlaterbyNewtonaboutthe“force”ofgravity——couldneverhavebeenmadeifBacon’sruleshadprevailed.

Determinedtoavoidallprematurespeculations,Baconproposedthatdatagatheringbecarriedoutbyilliterateassistantswithnointerestinwhetheranexperimentturnedoutonewayoranother.Plainfacts,properlyarranged,wouldautomaticallyleadtocertainknowledgeoftheuniverse.Nothingcouldbemoremisrepresentativeoftheactualproblem-solvingtechniquesofthescientificmethod.ThatplainfactsdonotspeakforthemselvesisevidentfromBacon’sownacceptanceoftheerrorscontainedinwhatappearedtobethemost“obvious”offacts.ForBacon,thattheearthdidnotmovewasafactbecauseitcouldbeseennottomove;andforBaconitwasafactthatlifewasbeingspontaneouslygeneratedbecausemaggotsalwaysdevelopedinputridfleshandfrogsappearedaftereveryrain.

WhatisclearisthatthegreatbreakthroughsofNewton,Darwin,orMarxcouldneverhavebeenachievedsolelyonthebasisofBaconianfactgathering.Factsarealwaysunreliablewithouttheorieswhichguidetheircollectionandwhichdistinguishbetweensuperficialandsignificantappearances.

21.AccordingtoBacon,facts（）.

22.Datacollectionshouldbeperformedbyilliterateassistants,（）.

23.AccordingtoBacon,knowledgecanbeobtained（）.

24.Spontaneousgenerationoflife（）.

问题1选项

A.aredeterminedbyobservations

B.canonlybeunderstoodthroughlogicalreasoning

C.haveahierarchy

D.aregatheredbyilliterateassistants

问题2选项

A.accordingtoBacon,asitledtospeculation

B.accordingtoBacon,topreventtheoriesfrombeingformulatedoninsufficientdata

C.wasanotionBaconstronglyopposed

D.wasanotionrejectedonthegroundsthatitledtoprematurespeculations

问题3选项

A.bysubjectingtheoriestorigorouslogicalanalysis

B.notthroughpoliticalorreligiousdogmas,butthroughreason

C.byobservationalone

D.throughtheinductivemethod

问题4选项

A.wasaknownfactinBacon'stime

B.isverifiedbymaggotsinputridflesh

C.ismoreapparentthanreal

D.isaspeculationwhichhasnobasisinobservation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】21.细节推断题。根据“FrancisBaconproposedthatscienceconsistedintheelevationoftheauthorityofexperimentandobservationoverthatofreason,intuition,andconvention.（培根（FrancisBacon）提出，科学在于提高实验和观察的权威，而不是理性、直觉和惯例的权威。）”即可合理推断得出本题答案。

22.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词“illiterateassistants”“datacollection”，可将信息点定位至原文第二段第一句，“Althoughmanypeopletodaycontinuetoregardthecollectionoffactsandtheirarrangementbyinductionintotheoriesastheheartofscientificmethod,Bacon’sconceptionofwhatfactsandtheoriesareandoftherelationshipbetweenthemwashopelesslyunrealisticeveninhisowntime.（尽管今天许多人仍然把收集事实并把它们归纳成理论作为科学方法的核心，但是培根关于事实和理论是什么以及它们之间的关系的概念，即使在他那个时代也是完全不切实际的。）”从而得出本题答案。

23.

细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段第二句和第三句。“Baconthoughtthatasmoreandmorereliableandpreciseparticularfacts,accumulate,theycanbeclassifiedandgeneralized,resultinginanever-expandinghierarchyofuseful‘axioms’.Thisiswhathemeantby‘induction’.（培根认为，随着越来越可靠和精确的特定事实的积累，它们可以被分类和概括，从而形成一个不断扩大的有用的‘公理’层次结构。这就是他所说的‘归纳法’。）”从而得出本题答案。

24.

细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段最后一句，“Factsarealwaysunreliablewithouttheorieswhichguidetheircollectionandwhichdistinguishbetweensuperficialandsignificantappearances.（若没有理论指导事实的收集，没有理论区分表面现象和重要现象，那么事实总是不可靠的。）”从而可进行合理推断得出本题答案。

2.单选题

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthatdubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn’tsurprisedwhenthisdidn’tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we’renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks’unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas“government-runpersonnelmanagement”anda“dangerousprecedent”.Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis“noexit”whenitcomestochildren.“Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded.”

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren’swelfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccruetothewholeofsocietyastoday’schildrenbecometomorrow,sproductivecitizenry.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlston’sargumentforparentalsupport?

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica’slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren’swelfare?

5.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

问题1选项

A.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

问题2选项

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

问题3选项

A.Thecosto£raisingchildrenintheUShasbeengrowing.

B.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

C.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

问题4选项

A.Theyfailtoensurechildren,shealthygrowth

B.Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents

C.Theyemphasizeparents’legalresponsibilities.

D.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

问题5选项

A.Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

B.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，在发达国家中，只有两个国家不提供带薪照顾新生儿的假期保障。去年澳大利亚也建立了带薪探亲假，而在美国却还是没有这项政策。所以根据第一段的最后一句“Iwasn'tsurprised...we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.”可知，选项A符合原文。

2.根据关键词“work-family”定位到第二段的最后一句“Infact,everystep...businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.”选项D正确。

3.根据第三段的第一句“justifyingparentalsupport...mustpayfor.”选项B与原文描述相符。

4.根据第四段“Thestaterecognizes...parentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.”作者认为美国庞大的监管儿童福利的家庭法律不能够给父母提供足够的支持。所以选项B正确。

5.根据第四段的内容“Toclassifyductivecitizenry.”将养育子女归为一种个人选择，没有集体责任，这不仅仅是忽视良好养育的社会效益，实际上是在窃取这些福利。选项D这实际上是一个社会事业符合原文。

3.单选题

Hiltercommittedoneofthemost（）crimesinhistory.

问题1选项

A.violent

B.venturous

C.vicious

D.virus

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。violent“暴力的，猛烈的”；venturous“不顾一切的，好冒险的”；vicious“恶毒的，恶意的，凶残的”；virus“病毒”。句意：Hilter犯下了历史上最暴力的行径之一。A项符合题意。

4.单选题

Communicationistheprocessofamessage（

）fromasourcetoanaudienceviaachannel.

问题1选项

A.shifting

B.transmitting

C.submitting

D.transforming

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。shift“转移；改变；替换”；transmit“传输；传播”；submit“使服从；呈递”；transform“改变，使变形；转换”。句意：通信是消息通过渠道从出处传播给观众的过程。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Afewminutesago,walkingbackfromlunch,IstartedtocrossthestreetwhenIheardthesoundofacoindropping.Itwasn’tmuchbutasIturned,myeyescaughttheheadsofseveralotherpeopleturningtoo.Awomanhaddroppedwhatappearedtobeadime.

Thetinklingsoundofacoindroppingonpavementisanattention-getter.Itcanbenothingmorethanapenny.Whateverthecoinis,nooneignoresthesoundofit.Itgotmethinkingaboutsoundsagain.

Wearebesiegedbysomanysoundsthatattractthemostattention.PeopleinNewYorkCity,seldomturntolookwhenafireengine,apolicecaroranambulancecomesscreamingalongthestreet.WhenIaminNewYork,I’maNewYorker.Idon’tturneither.Likethenatives,Ihardlyhearasirenthere.AthomeinmylittletowninConnecticut.It’sdifferent.Thedistantwailofapolicecar,andemergencyvehicleorafiresirenbringsmetomyfeetifI’mseatedandbringsmetothewindowifI’minbed.It’sthequietestsoundsthathavemosteffectonus,nottheloudest.Inthemiddleofthenight,Icanhearadrippingtapahundredyardsawaythroughthreecloseddoors.I’vebeenhearinglittlecreakingnoiseandsoundswhichimaginationturnsintofootstepsinthemiddleofthenightfortwenty-fiveyearsinourhouse.HowcomeIneverhearthosesoundsinthedaytime?I’mquiteclearinmymindwhatthegoodsoundsareandwhatthebadsoundsare.

I’veturnedagainstwhistling,forinstance.IusedtothinkofitasthemarkofahappyworkerbutlatelyI’vebeenassociatingthewhistlerwithanervouspersonmakingcompulsivenoises.

Thetapping,tapping,tappingofmytypewriterasthekeyshitthepaperisalovelysoundtome.IoftenlikethesoundorwhatIwritebetterthanthelooksofit.

1.Thesoundofacoindroppingmakespeople（），

2.PeopleinNewYork（）.

3.Howdoestheauthorrelatetosoundsatnight?

4.Hedislikeswhistlingbecause（

）.

5.Howdoesthewriterfeelaboutsoundsingeneral?

问题1选项

A.thinkofmoney

B.lookateachother

C.payattentiontoit

D.stopcrossingthestreet

问题2选项

A.don’tcareaboutemergencies

B.areusedtosirens

C.areattractedbysounds

D.don’thearloudnoises

问题3选项

A.Heimaginessoundsthatdonotexist.

B.Heexaggeratesquietsounds.

C.Hethinkstapsshouldbeturnedoff.

D.Hebelievesit’sratherquietatnight.

问题4选项

A.heistiredofit

B.heusedtobehappier

C.itremindshimoftensepeople

D.hedoesn’tlikeworkers

问题5选项

A.Theymakehimfeelathome.

B.Hethinkstheyshouldbeignored.

C.Hebelievestheyarepartofourlives.

D.Hepreferssilencetoloudnoises.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:文章第二段第一句Thetinklingsoundofacoindroppingonpavementisanattention-getter可知硬币落地的声音会吸引人们的注意力，选项C符合题意。

第2题:文章第三段第二句和第三句话可知生活在纽约的人已经习惯了像警车、救护车这类型的声音，选项B符合题意。

第3题:文章第三段提到Inthemiddleofthenight,Icanhearadrippingtapahundredyardsawaythroughthreecloseddoors，在安静的午夜，他甚至能够听到一百码以外并且还隔了三层门的水管滴水的声音。当然这是一种夸张的说法，选项B符合题意。

第4题:文章倒数第二段提到IusedtothinkofitasthemarkofahappyworkerbutlatelyI’vebeenassociatingthewhistlerwithanervouspersonmakingcompulsivenoises，whistling会让他想起工作紧张的工人。选项C符合题意。

第5题:文章中提到了生活中的各种声音，比如警车的声音、救护车的声音、水管滴水的声音、口哨声、打字机打字的声音等等，都说明声音就是我们生活中的一部分，所以选项C符合题意。

6.翻译题

ArecentadvertisementforGoogleChromeshowedaseriesofimportanteventsinachild’slife,eachonebelongingtoadifferentparttheInternet—thefirststepsonYouTube;birthdaye-mails;Facebookphotosofteenageparties.Themessagewasclear:alifecannowbefullyexpressedthroughtheInternet.

This,ofcourse,hasasignificanteffectonhowwerememberthings.Online,majoreventsandexperiencescanbereadabout—andwithvideo,watched—againandagain.ComputersandtheInternet,ratherthanofferingsomethingnew,combineallourtechnologicalmeansofartificialmemory—text,soundandimage—tocreateasynthesisthatcanrecallmemoriesmoreintenselythananythingbefore.

【答案】谷歌浏览器的最新广告展示了一个孩子生活中的一系列重大事件，每件事都关乎互联网的方方面面——YouTube上，孩子学会走路后迈出第一步的视频；邮件中的电子生日贺卡，Facebook上年轻人聚会的照片。这一切所传达出的信息显而易见：生活完全可以在互联网上全部展现。

毫无疑问，这对我们的记忆方式产生了重大的影响。重要的事件与经历都能在网上以图文或视频的形式反复看到。电脑与互联网并非提供给我们新鲜的事物，而是融合了文字、声音、图像等人工记忆的所有技术手段，共同创造出一种前所未有的，更加强烈地唤起我们记忆的综合体。

7.翻译题

感恩是一项重要的处事哲学，是生活的大智慧。人生在世，不可能事事顺通。对于各种失败和不幸，我们要豁达大度，勇敢面对，并想办法解决。面对困难，我们是懊恼抱怨，沮丧气馁，陷入绝望，还是对生活满怀感恩之心，跌倒后再爬起来呢？如果对生活感恩，你的生命将充满灿烂的阳光；如果一味怨恨，终将一无所获。

【答案】Itisanimportantphilosophyoflifeandagreatwisdomtobegrateful.Noonecanalwaysbeluckyandsuccessfulinhislife.Facedwithallkindsoffailureandmisfortune,weshouldbegenerousandbrave,andtrytosolvetheseproblems.Whenwearetrappedindifficulty,shouldwecomplainaboutitandbecomefrustratedorshouldwebegratefulforourlifeandstartagainafterfallingdown?Ifyouaregratefulforlife,yourlifewillbefullofbrightsunshine.Onthecontrary,ifyoualwayscomplainaboutlife,you’llgainnothingfinally.

8.单选题

ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory,oneofthoseawfuleventsthateveryoneagreesmustneverbeallowedtohappenagain.Thisurgeisunderstandableandnoble:thousandshavelostvirtuallyalltheirretirementsavingswiththedemiseofEnronstock.Butmakingsureitneverhappensagainmaynotbepossible,becausethesuddenimpoverishmentofthoseEnronworkersrepresentssomethingevenlargerthanitseems.It’sthelatestturnintheunwindingofoneofthemostaudaciouspromiseofthe20thcentury.

Thepromisewasassuredeconomicsecurity—evencomfort—foressentiallyeveryoneinthedevelopedworld.Withtheexplosionofwealth,thatbeganinthe19thcenturyitbecamepossibletothinkaboutapossibilitynoonehaddaredtodreambefore.Thefearatthecenterofdailylivingsincecavemandays—lackoffoodwarmth,shelter—wouldatlastloseitspowertoterrify.Thatremarkablepromisebecamerealityinmanyways.Governmentscreatedwelfaresystemsforanyoneinneedandseparateprogramsfortheelderly(SocialSecurityintheU.S).Laborunionspromisednotonlybetterpayforworkersbutalsopensionsforretirees.Giantcorporationscameintotobeingandofferedthepossibility—insomecasesthepromise—oflifetimeemploymentplusguaranteedpensions.Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory.

Theearlyhintsthatthispromisemightbebrokenonalargescalecameinthe1980s.U.S.businesshadbecomeuncompetitivegloballyandbeganrestructuringmassively,withhugeLayoffs.Thetrendacceleratedinthe1990sasthebastionsofcorporatewelfarefacedreality.IBMendeditsno-layoffpolicy.AT&Tfiredthousands,manyofwhomfoundsuchathingsimplyincomprehensible,andafewofwhomkilledthemselves.Theothersupposedguarantorsofoureconomicsecuritywerealsoindecline.Labor-unionmembershipandpowerfelltotheirlowestlevelsindecades.PresidentClintonsignedahistoricbillscalingbackwelfare.AmericansrealizedthatSocialSecuritywon’tprovidesocialsecurityforanyofus.

Alessvisiblebutequallysignificanttrendaffectedpensions.Tomakecostseasiertocontrol,companiesmovedawayfromdefinedbenefitpensionplans,whichobligatethemtopayoutspecifiedamountsyearsinthefuture,todefinecontributionplans,whichspecifyonlyhowmuchgoesintotheplaytoday.Themostcommontypeofdefined-contributionplanisthe401(k).Thesignificanceofthe401(k)isthatitputsmostoftheresponsibilityforaperson’seconomicfatebackontheemployee.Withinlimitstheemployeemustdecidehowmuchgoesintoplaneachyearandhowitgetsinvested—thetwofactorsthatwilldeterminehowmuchit’sworthwhentheemployeeretires.

WhatbringsusbacktoEnron?Thosebillionsofdollarsinvaporizedretirementsavingswentinemployees’401(k)accounts,Thatis,theemployeeschosehowmuchmoneytoputintothoseaccountsandthenchosehowtoinvestit.Enronmatchedacertainproportionofeachemployee’s401(k)contributionwithcompanystock,soeveryonewasgoingtoendupwithsomeEnroninhisorherportfolio;butthatcouldberegardedasafreebie,sincenothingcompelsacompanytomatchemployeecontributionsatall.AtleasttwospecialfeaturescomplicatetheEnroncase.First,someshareholderschargetopmanagementwithillegallycoveringupthecompany’sproblems,promptinginvestorstohangonwhentheyshouldhavesold.Second,Enron’s401(k)accountswerelockedwhilethecompanychangedplanadministratorsinOctober,whenthestockwasfalling,soemployeescouldnothaveclosedtheiraccountsiftheywantedto.

ButbyfarthelargestcauseofthishumantragedyisthatthousandsofemployeeswereheavilyoverweighedinEnronstock.Manyhadplaced100%oftheir401(k)assetsinthestockratherthaninthe18otherinvestmentoptionstheywereoffered.Ofcoursethatwasn’tprudent,butit’swhatsomeofthemdid.

TheEnronemployees’retirementdisasterispartofthelargertrendawayfromguaranteedeconomicsecurity.That’swhypreventingsuchathingfromeverhappeningagainmaybeimpossible.ThehugeattitudinalshifttoI’ll-be-taken-care-oftookatleastageneration.Theshiftbackmaytakejustaslong.Itwon’tbecompleteuntilanewgenerationofemployeesseeassuredeconomiccomfortasa20th-centuryquirk,andunderstandnotjustintellectuallybutintheirbonesthat,likemostpeopleinmosttimesandplaces,they’reontheirown.

1.Whydoestheauthorsayatthebeginning“ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory...’’?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thecombinedeffortsbygovernments,laborunionsandbigcorporationstoguaranteeeconomiccomforthaveledtoasignificantchangein______.

3.Changesinpensionschemeswerealsopartof______.

4.ThousandsofemployeeschoseEnronastheirsoleinvestmentoptionmainlybecause______.

5.WhichisNOTseenasalessondrawnfromtheEnrondisaster?

问题1选项

A.Becausethecompanyhasgonebankrupt.

B.Becausesucheventswouldneverhappenagain.

C.BecausemanyEnronworkerslosttheirretirementsavings.

D.Becauseitsignifiesaturningpointineconomicsecurity.

问题2选项

A.people’soutlookonlife

B.people’slifestyles

C.people’slivingstandard

D.people’ssocialvalues

问题3选项

A.thecorporatelay-offs

B.thegovernmentcutsinwelfarespending

C.theeconomicrestructuring

D.thewarningpoweroflaborsunions

问题4选项

A.the401(k)madethemresponsiblefortheirownfuture

B.Enronofferedtoaddcompanystocktotheirinvestment

C.theiremployersintendedtocutbackonpensionspending

D.Enron’sofferwassimilartoadefined-benefitplan

问题5选项

A.The401(k)assetsshouldbeplacedinmorethanoneinvestmentoption.

B.Employeeshavetotakeupresponsibilitiesforthemselves.

C.Sucheventscouldhappenagainasitisnoteasytochangepeople’smind.

D.Economicsecuritywon’tbetakenforgrantedbyfutureyoungworkers.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Whydoestheauthorsayatthebeginning“ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory...’’?1.为什么作者在开头说“安然公司的员工的悲惨命运将成为商业历史上的里程碑……”？

A.Becausethecompanyhasgonebankrupt.A.因为公司已经破产了。

B.Becausesucheventswouldneverhappenagain.B.因为这样的事情不会再发生了。

C.BecausemanyEnronworkerslosttheirretirementsavings.C.因为许多安然公司的员工失去了他们的退休储蓄。

D.Becauseitsignifiesaturningpointineconomicsecurity.D.因为它标志着经济安全的转折点。

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段，最后三句指出“随着安然股票的破产，成千上万的人失去了几乎所有的退休储蓄。但要确保这种情况不再发生，可能是不可能的，因为安然员工的突然贫困，比它看上去的更大。这是20世纪最大胆的承诺之一的最新转折（thelatestturnintheunwindingofoneofthemostaudaciouspromise）。”，从中可知，安然公司的员工的悲惨命运将成为商业历史上的里程碑带来了一个转折，而第二段第一句提到“这一承诺保证了发达国家基本上每个人的经济安全，甚至舒适”可知，这个转折就是经济安全，综合理解可知，第一段开头说“安然公司的员工的悲惨命运将成为商业历史上的里程碑”，是因为它标志着经济的转折点。因此，该题选择D项“因为它标志着经济安全的转折点”。

【干扰项排除】A项“因为公司已经破产了”、B项“因为这样的事情不会再发生了”和C项“因为许多安然公司的员工失去了他们的退休储蓄”由解题思路可知，虽然这三项在第一段有提到，但并不是作者说这句话的真正原因，这三项属于曲解原文。

2.【选项释义】

2.Accordingtothepassage,thecombinedeffortsbygovernments,laborunionsandbigcorporationstoguaranteeeconomiccomforthaveledtoasignificantchangein______.2.根据该文章，政府、工会和大企业为保证经济稳定而共同努力，导致了______的重大变化。

A.people’soutlookonlifeA.人们的人生观

B.people’slifestylesB.人们的生活方式

C.people’slivingstandardC.人民的生活水平

D.people’ssocialvaluesD.人们的社会价值观

【答案】A

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后三句的内容“政府为有需要的人建立了福利体系，为老年人设立了单独的项目（美国的社会保障）。工会不仅承诺为工人提供更高的工资，还承诺为退休人员提供养老金。大型企业应运而生，并提供了终身就业和有保障的养老金的可能性——在某些情况下是承诺。这种累积效应从根本上改变了数百万人对待生活本身（approachedlifeitself）的态度，这是人类历史上最大的态度转变之一。”可知，政府、工会和大企业为保证经济稳定而共同努力的累积效应是改变了人们对生活的态度，即人生观。因此，该题选择A项“人们的人生观”。

【干扰项排除】B项“人们的生活方式”、C项“人民的生活水平”和D项“人们的社会价值观”由解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】

3.Changesinpensionschemeswerealsopartof______.3.养老金计划的变化也是______的一部分。

A.thecorporatelay-offsA.公司裁员

B.thegovernmentcutsinwelfarespendingB.政府削减福利开支

C.theeconomicrestructuringC.经济重组

D.thewarningpoweroflaborsunionsD.工会发出警告

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第三段最后两句“克林顿总统签署了一项历史性的削减福利的法案。美国人意识到社会保障不会为我们任何人提供社会保障。”可知，政府削减了福利，而第四段第一句开头指出“一个不太明显但同样重要的趋势影响到养老金”，后面提及退休金计划的改变，所以综合理解可推知，养老金计划的改变也是政府削减福利开支法案的一部分。因此，该题选择B项“政府削减福利开支”。

【干扰项排除】

A项“公司裁员”和B项“经济重组”是就业和经济安全方面的影响，与题干无关，属于出处错位；

C项“工会发出警告”在原文没有提及，属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

4.ThousandsofemployeeschoseEnronastheirsoleinvestmentoptionmainlybecause______.4.成千上万的员工选择安然公司作为他们唯一的投资选择，主要是因为______。

A.the401(k)madethemresponsiblefortheirownfutureA.401k计划让他们为自己的未来负责

B.EnronofferedtoaddcompanystocktotheirinvestmentB.安然公司提出在他们的投资中增加公司股票

C.theiremployersintendedtocutbackonpensionspendingC.他们的雇主打算削减养老金支出

D.Enron’sofferwassimilartoadefined-benefitplanD.安然公司提供类似于固定收益计划

【答案】B

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】第五段第三句指出“安然将每个员工缴纳的401k养老金的一定比例与公司股票匹配，所以每个人最终都会在他或她的投资组合中得到一些安然的股票”，由此可知，安然公司让投资者拥有他们公司的股票，因此很多员工选择安然作为他们投资的唯一选择。故该题选择B项“安然公司提出在他们的投资中增加公司股票”。

【干扰项排除】

A项“401k计划让他们为自己的未来负责”在原文有提到，但与题干无关，属于出处错位；

C项“他们的雇主打算削减养老金支出”是政府削减福利开支法案对养老金的影响，与题干无关，属于出处错位；

D项“安然公司提供类似于固定收益计划”根据解题思路可知，安然公司提供的是股票，而股票并不是固定收益，所以该项属于曲解原文。

5.【选项释义】

5.WhichisNOTseenasalessondrawnfromtheEnrondisaster?5.哪一个不是从安然危机中吸取的教训？

A.The401(k)assetsshouldbeplacedinmorethanoneinvestmentoption.A.401k的资产应该放置在一个以上的投资选择。

B.Employeeshavetotakeupresponsibilitiesforthemselves.B.员工必须为自己承担责任。

C.Sucheventscouldhappenagainasitisnoteasytochangepeople’smind.C.因为很难改变人们的想法，这样的事情有可能再次发生。

D.Economicsecuritywon’tbetakenforgrantedbyfutureyoungworkers.D.未来的年轻人不会认为经济安全是理所当然的。

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段第二三四句“这就是为什么防止这样的事情再次发生是不可能的。人们对‘我会被照顾’的态度的巨大转变至少花了一代人的时间。返回可能需要同样长的时间。”可知，人们自以为经济保障是理所当然的，要想改变这种观念要很久的时间，所以推断，未来的年轻人还是会认为经济安全是理所当然的，D项“未来的年轻人不会认为经济安全是理所当然的”与这一分析相反，但符合题意。因此，该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A项“401k的资产应该放置在一个以上的投资选择”和B项“员工必须为自己承担责任”根据倒数第二段的内容“但到目前为止，造成这一人间悲剧的最大原因是，成千上万的雇员在安然股票中的权重严重超标。许多人将他们的401k资产全部投资于股票，而不是提供给他们的其他18种投资选择。当然，这并不明智，但有些人就是这么做的。”可知，这两项属于反向干扰；

C项“因为很难改变人们的想法，这样的事情有可能再次发生”由解题思路可知，要想改变人们自以为经济保障是理所当然的这种观念要很久的时间，所以这样的事情可能会再次发生，该项属于反向干扰。

9.单选题

Themodernpoetshavegonebacktothefancifulpoemsofthe______poetsoftheseventeenthcenturyformanyoftheirimages.

问题1选项

A.philosophical

B.transcendental

C.melancholic

D.metaphysical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项philosophical表示“哲学的”，B项transcendental表示“先验的，卓越的”，C项melancholic表示“忧郁的，抑郁的”，D项metaphysical表示“形而上学的，玄学派诗歌的”。根据关键词fancifulpoems（幻想的诗歌）可知，“玄学派诗歌的”符合语境。句意：现代诗人的许多意象又回到了十七世纪玄学诗人的幻想诗歌中。因此，该题选择D项正确。

10.单选题

Thenewlyelectedpresidenthas________$13milliontotheautomobileindustryforitssurvival.

问题1选项

A.prepared

B.promised

C.disposed

D.pledged

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“准备”；B选项“许下，应允”；C选项“处理”；D选项“保证”。句意：新当选的总统（）花13亿元来拯救汽车产业。根据句意，空格中意思填“保证”最合适，pledge和promise都有保证的意思，但是pledge一般表公开场合的保证，意义比较严肃，promise只是承诺。总统说的保证肯定是比较严肃的，所以答案选D。

11.单选题

Artisconsideredbymanypeopletobelittlemorethanadecorativemeansofgivingpleasure.Thisisnotalwaysthecase,however;attimes,artmaybeseentohaveapurelyfunctionalsideaswell.SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.

AccordingtoNavahotraditions,onewhosuffersfromeitheramentaloraphysicalillnesshasinsomewaydisturbedorcomeincontactwiththesupernatural—perhapsacertainanimal,aghost,orthedead.Tocounteractthisevilcontact,theillpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicinemancalleda“singer”toperformahealingceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.

Duringtheceremony,whichmaylastfrom2to9days,the“singer”willproduceasandpaintingontheflooroftheNavahohogan.Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe“singer”willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient'sbodywithsandfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticu