考研考博-英语-成都工业职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-成都工业职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Johnwasnotselected（）;hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.

问题1选项

A.deliberately

B.alternatively

C.momentously

D.arbitrarily

【答案】D

【解析】副词辨析。句意：John并不是被（）选择的；他被选来承担这份工作是因为他拥有的工作经验最丰富。

deliberately故意地，谨慎地，慎重地；alternatively非此即彼，二者择一地；momentously重大地；arbitrarily随意地，武断地。D选项“随意地”符合句意。

2.单选题

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theycan’tbesolvedwithoutgovernmentsupport.

B.Theyareeasytosolvewithmoderntechnology.

C.Theyhavenotbeenexaminedindetailsofar.

D.Theyarisefromtheadvancesintechnology.

问题2选项

A.Itisintenselycompetitive.

B.Itfocusesonnewproducts.

C.Itdemandshugeinvestment.

D.Itisattractivetoentrepreneurs.

问题3选项

A.Cooperationwithbigcompanies.

B.Sharingofcostswitheachother.

C.Recruitingmorequalifiedstaff.

D.In-servicetrainingofITpersonnel.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

【解析】RecordingThree

WelcometothethirdlectureinourseriesonthefutureofsmallbusinessesinEurope.Thepurposeoftoday’slecture,asyouhaveseenfromthetitleandtheabstract,[23]istoexamineinmoredetailtheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseswhichariseatleastinpartfromhavingtoadapttorapidadvancesintechnology.AndIwanttolookatthesebothfromafinancialandfromapersonnelpointofviewandtoofferafewhopefullyeffectivesolutions.

HerewehavethreeofthemostimportantproblemsfacingsmallbusinessesthatIwanttolookattoday.

First,keepingupwiththepaceoftechnologicalchange,recruitinghighqualitystaffinatimeofskillsshortagesinITasawholeandinahighlycompetitivemarket,andtheissueofretainingstaffoncethey’vebeenrecruitedandtrained.Now,alloftheseproblemsinvolvesignificantcostsforallbusinesses.Buttheyareparticularlychallengingissueforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.Andthosecostswouldvarydependingonthesizeandscaleofthebusinesses.

Solet’scometothefirstissueonourlistwhichiskeepingpacewithdevelopmentsintechnology.[24]Nowweallknowthatthetechnologyindustryisintenselycompetitivewithnewproductsbeinglaunchedallyearroundasthevariouscompaniesstrivetocompetewitheachother,ratherthan,sayonceayearoreverycoupleofyears.Andthisisarealheadacheforsmallerbusinesses.So,let’simaginewehaveasmallcompanywhichisdoingok.It’sjustaboutmakingaprofitanditspendsmostofitsincomeontheoverheads.Soforacompanyinthissituation,keepinguptodatewiththelatesttechnology,evenifit’sonlyforthebenefitofkeystaff,thiscanbehugelyexpensive.

Soinmyview,somecreativethinkingneedstocomeinheretofindwaystohelpcompaniesinthissituationtostayaheadinthegame,butatthesametime,toremaintechnologicallycompetitive.

Well,there’sapossibilitythatsmallgroupsofcompanieswithsimilarrequirementsbutnotdirectlycompetingwitheachother,[25]theycouldsharethecostofupgradinginmuchthesamewayas,let’ssay,anintranetoperateswithinlargerorganizations.[25]Infact,costsharingcouldbeaverypracticalsolution,especiallyintimesoffinancialdifficulty.Ifthere’sadownwardpressureoncosts,becauseofaneedforinvestmentinotherareas,Iwouldarguethatthisisaperfectlyfeasiblesolution.

23.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于中小企业面临的问题，说话者说了什么？本篇讲座在开头就提到讲座的目的是详细分析中小企业在适应技术的快速进步方面所面临的问题。由此可知，中小企业面临的问题来源于技术的进步，因此D选项正确。A选项“没有政府的支持，问题不能解决”和B选项“利用现代科技很容易解决”在录音中均没有信息涉及；C选项“到目前为止，问题还没有详细研究过”，在这次讲座中说话者明确分析了中小企业面临的三个问题，而且接着展开了对第一个问题的详细剖析，因此C选项不正确。

24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthetechnologyindustry?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于科技行业，说话者说了什么？说话者在说跟上科技发展步伐这个问题时提到，科技行业是竞争激烈的行业，各公司相互竞争，一年到头都可能有新产品推出市场。A选项“竞争非常激烈”与原文表述一致，因此正确。B选项“专注于新产品”；C选项“它要求巨大的投资”和D选项“它对企业家是有吸引力的”在录音中均没有信息提及，均可排除。

25.Whatisapracticalsolutiontotheproblemsofsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问什么是解决中小企业问题的可行方案？说话者最后提到有相似需求和要求的小型企业，如果相互之间没有直接的竞争关系，可尝试共同分担技术的升级成本，而这不失为一种实用的解决方法。因此B选项“互相分摊成本”正确。A选项“与大公司合作”和D选项“信息技术人员的在职培训”在录音中没有信息提及；C选项“招聘更能胜任工作的员工”在录音中虽有提及，但这是中小型企业面临的第二个问题，并非实际解决中小型企业问题的方法，因此可排除。

3.单选题

Anenquiringmindcancatch____toanewideaquickly.

问题1选项

A.on

B.up

C.at

D.out

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.on在……之上B.up向上

C.at在D.out向外

【答案】A

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】固定搭配catchonto表示“理解；明白”。由句意“善于探究的人能很快……一个新观点。”可知，该搭配符合句意，译为：善于探究的人能很快理解新一个观点。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合搭配。

【句意】善于探究的人能很快理解一个新观点。

4.单选题

______ofanewspapernorthenumberofpagesinaneditionhaseverbeenstandardized.

问题1选项

A.Thepagesizeisneither

B.Neitheristhepagesize

C.Thepagesize,neither

D.Neitherthepagesize

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。考查的是“neither...nor...”的用法，这是一个表示并列否定的结构，在neither与nor后面各自接的成分在属性上必须保持一致，由题干可知，我们应该要选择一个名词性成分，A项、B项是句子所以排除；因为neither是一般放在句首的，所以C项排除；句意：一份报纸的版面大小和一版的页数都没有标准化。因此，该题正确答案为D。

5.单选题

AnimportantpartofthenationalgovernmentistheForeignService,abranchoftheDepartmentofState.

问题1选项

A.aunity

B.adivision

C.anembassy

D.aninvasion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项aunity“一个个体”；B选项adivision“一个部门”；C选项anembassy“一个大使馆”；D选项aninvasion“一次入侵”。句意：国家政府的一个重要组成部分是外交部，它是国务院的一个分支。也就是说外交部是国家政府的一个部门，因此B选项符合题意。

6.单选题

AthighnoonlastOctober1st,thecitizensofEcuador（厄瓜多尔）didsomethingthey’dneverdreamedpossible:theysynchronized（同步）theirwatches.Indoingso,theyembarkedonanationalcampaignagainstlateness.Aspecialgrouporganizedthiscampaign.ThegroupinvitedthePresidenttojoininthem,butactuallythePresidentwasinfamouslyunpunctual.Anyway,thePresidentagreedtovowtoparticipate.Hisspokesman,goingontelevisiontoannouncethisvow,arrivedatthestudio,needlesstosay,severalminuteslate.

Suchacampaignmaybescornedorlaughedat,becauseitseemsnotseriousandevennonsense,withoutanypracticalmeaning,butitcomesoutofabasiceconomicfact:punctualitypays.Accordingtoonestudy,chroniclatenesscostsEcuador$2.5billionayear―hardlysmallchangeinacountrywithagrossdomesticproductofjusttwenty-fourbilliondollars.Thefundamentalchallengeforamoderneconomyistocoordinatetheactionsofmillionsofindependentpeoplesothatgoodsmaybeproducedandservicesdeliveredasefficientlyaspossible.It’saloteasiertodothiswhenpeoplearewherethey’resupposedtobewhenthey’resupposedtobethere.Thisisespeciallytrueinlightofrecentinnovationssuchasjust-in-timemanufacturing.

Dellcomputer’ssuppliershavetobeabletodeliverpartstoDell’sfactorieswithinninetyminutes.Underthoseconditions,“I’llgettoitlater”won’tdo.

InsomepunctualcountrieslikeJapan,pedestrianswalkfast,businesstransactionstakeplacequickly,andbankclocksarealwaysaccurate.Inlesspunctualplaces,suchasIndonesia,pedestriansamble,workersidle,andbankclocksareusuallywrong.Inotherwords,Ecuadoriansaretryingtorevolutionizethewaytheyliveandwork.

Cantheydoit?Thereareobviousobstacles.Tardinesscanbequitepleasant,especiallywhenit’swhatyou’veaccustomedto.Thereisalsothetrickyquestionofclass.Latenesscanbeawayfortherichandpowerfultoassertthemselves,toshowhowmuchmorevaluabletheirtimeis.InEcuador,membersofthemilitaryandthegovernmentarethemostnotoriousoffenders,andbusinessmenarefarmorelikelytoshowuplatethanblue-collarworkersare.There’snopointingettingtoameetingontimeifnooneisgoingtobethere.Tardinessfeedsonitself,creatingaviciouscycle.

1.ItisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthatthepresidentofEcuador（

）.

2.Theword“pay”hasthesamemeaningin“punctualitypays”asin

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutEcuadorpeopleiscorrect?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.agreedtogoontelevisiontoannouncehisvowtoparticipate

B.waswell-knownforhispunctuality

C.hadahabitofbeinglateinhislifeandwork

D.wastryingtorevolutionizethewatchesinhiscountry

问题2选项

A.“Itpaystogetsomeprofessionaladvicebeforeyoumakeadecision”

B.“Hedidn’tpayanyattentiontowhatIsaid”

C.“Mymotherpaysformydrivinglessons”

D.“Idecidedtopaymyfriendsavisit”

问题3选项

A.Theyusedtobepunctualwhentheyaregoingtowork.

B.Theylovetheirpresidentforhisbeingunpunctual.

C.Theystartedtorealizethevitalityoftime.

D.Theyhavebeenunaccustomedtothetardinessoftheirbank.

问题4选项

A.Ecuadoriansaretryingtomakeanadvertisementfortheirwatchesbyanationalcampaignagainstlateness

B.bankclocksinlesspunctualplacesareusuallywrongbecausetheirclocksarebackward

C.moderneconomytriestocoordinatetheactionsofmillionsofindependentpeopletopromoteefficiency

D.Ecuadorianswillremaintheirwayoflife

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的ThegroupinvitedthePresidenttojoininthem,butactuallythePresidentwasinfamouslyunpunctual.（该团体邀请总统加入，但实际上，总统的不守时是臭名昭著的）可知C选项“在他的生活和工作中有迟到的习惯”符合题意。

2.词义题。根据题干关键词pay定位到文章第二段的butitcomesoutofabasiceconomicfact:punctualitypays.Accordingtoonestudy,chroniclatenesscostsEcuador$2.5billionayear（但它来自一个基本的经济事实：守时支付。根据一项研究，长期迟到给厄瓜多尔每年造成25亿美元的损失）可知punctualitypays中的pay表示“支付，付费”。A选项中的pay表示“值得”；B选项中的payattentionto表示“注意”；C选项中的payfor表示“为……支付”；D选项中的payavisit表示“探望，拜访，参观”。因此本题的正确答案为C。

3.推理判断题。由文章第四段中的Inotherwords,Ecuadoriansaretryingtorevolutionizethewaytheyliveandwork.（换句话说，厄瓜多尔人正试图彻底改变他们的生活和工作方式）可知C选项“他们开始意识到时间的重要性”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Thefundamentalchallengeforamoderneconomyistocoordinatetheactionsofmillionsofindependentpeoplesothatgoodsmaybeproducedandservicesdeliveredasefficientlyaspossible.（现代经济的根本挑战是协调数百万独立人民的行动，以便尽可能有效地生产商品和提供服务）可知C选项“现代经济努力协调数以百万计的独立者的行动，以提高效率”符合题意。

7.单选题

ThearomaofchocolateperfumestheairoftheRued’AssasinParis.EnteringChristianConstant'sstate-of-the-artboutique,youfindyourselfinthekingdomofParis'skingofchocolate,wherethehumblecocoabeanisturnedintomouth-wateringchocolateEastereggs.

Constant,whoisachef,admitsthatchocolateishispassionandmaininterestinlife.HefirstdevelopedafascinationwithchocolatewhenhewasworkingforGastonLenotre,afamousFrenchpastrychef.

EveryyearhehasathemefordecoratingEastereggs:thisyearhisdecorationsareinspiredby“ArtNouveau”.Tonighthehasadinnerfor130toorganizeandhehastoprepareathree-foot-highArtNouveau-styleEastereggbynoontomorrow.This,forConstant,isanormalschedule.

Constantbelievesthathischocolatecreationsareasmuchofaworkofartasothersculptures.Itis,therefore,understandablethattherestaurant,whichheopenedlastmonth,issituatedintheNationalMonumentsMuseuminParis.Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.Customerscanchoosefromaselectionofsweetchocolatedessertsortrythemoreexoticspicychocolates.Constantisalsoaprofessional“nose”,workingcloselywiththeFrenchInstituteofTaste.Heiscapableofidentifying450differenttastesandflavors.Constantexplainsthatthemouth,whichcanonlytastefourthings—salt,sweet,acidandbitter—is“stupid”incomparisontothenose.Hebelievesthatthenoseiseverything.

InhisbookTheTasteofChocolate,heexplainshowin1502ChristopherColumbuscameacrossanislandandwentashore.HewasgreetedbyanIndianchiefbearinggiftsamongwhichwerehugesacksofbeanswhichColumbusthoughtwaslocalcurrency.Tohissurprise,theypreparedadrinkforhim.ButColumbus,whodislikedtheoddbittertaste,continuedonhistravelsignorantofthefactthathehadjusttastedcocoa.LikeColumbus,Constanttravelsthecocoacountrieswherehechecksqualityandworkswithlocalexperts.Qualitycanvarydependingontheregion,year,andmethodofpreparation.AccordingtoConstant,VenezuelaandTrinidadhavethebestcocoabeans,whichtheyexportallovertheworldeitherasbeansorascocoa.

Constant,whoisahardworker,onlysleepsthreehoursanight.Hetalkslongintothenightwithmembersofaclubhehasformed.Theclubiscalled“TheChocolateMunchers”.Theirmainofficialactivityistogettogetherformonthlydinnerswheretheyeataverytinydinnerandtonsofchocolatedesserts.

“Iamanaddict,”Constantadmits,“andIdon'twanttobecured!”

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostinclusivetitleforthepassage?

2.WhatdoesConstantdonow?

3.Constant’snewly-openedbusiness（）.

4.Theunderlinedpart“Constantisalsoa...„nose‟”means（）.

5.AccordingtoConstant,（）.

问题1选项

A.Chocolate—ThePassionofaLifetime.

B.TheChocolateMunchersClub.

C.Chocolate—ANewArtForm.

D.TheLastWordinGoodTaste.

问题2选项

A.HeworksforaFrenchpastrychef.

B.Heownshisownrestaurantandtearoom.

C.HeisasculptorforamuseuminParis.

D.HeisachefintheInstituteofTaste.

问题3选项

A.provideschocolateswithvariousflavors

B.exhibitsallofhischocolatesculptures

C.oftenneedstoprepareabigEasterdinner

D.servesasanationalmonumentinParis

问题4选项

A.hebelieveshehasthebestnoseintheworld

B.hisnosecantastesalt,sweet,acidandbitter

C.hisnosecanidentifyvarioustastesandflavors

D.heiscapableofsmellingflavorsfromalongdistance

问题5选项

A.ancientIndiansusedcocoabeansaslocalcurrency

B.Columbuscheckedthequalityofcocoabeansindifferentplaces

C.chocolateaddictionmakespeoplesleepless

D.thequalityofcocoabeansvariesfromregiontoregion

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。根据全文，文章主要在描述厨师康斯坦丁和巧克力的故事，讲述了他对热衷于做巧克力，并且写了一本有关于巧克力的书，整篇文章都表现了他对巧克力独特的热爱，选项A符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“Itis,therefore,understandablethattherestaurant,whichheopenedlastmonth,issituatedintheNationalMonumentsMuseuminParis.Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.”，可知康斯坦丁上个月开了餐厅，白天的时候这家餐厅就成为茶室，提供各式的巧克力。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.Customerscanchoosefromaselectionofsweetchocolatedessertsortrythemoreexoticspicychocolates.”可知，他新开的餐厅的特点，白天是一个茶室，提供各种巧克力，并且可以选择各种口味的巧克力。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“Constantisalsoaprofessional…whichcanonlytastefourthings~salt,sweet,acidandbitter—is“stupid”incomparisontothenose.Hebelievesthatthenoseiseverything.”，可知康斯坦特可以用鼻子分辨出各种不同的气味，他认为嘴只能尝出四种味道。所以这句话是指他的鼻子能分辨不同的味道。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“HewasgreetedbyanIndianchiefbearinggiftsamongwhichwerehugesacksofbeanswhichColumbusthoughtwaslocalcurrency.Tohissurprise,theypreparedadrinkforhim.”，可知Columbus以为可可豆是当地的货币，后来才知道，原来是一种饮料，所以排除A选项。根据文章第五段，“Qualitycanvarydependingontheregion,year,andmethodofpreparation.”，可可的质量因地区、年份和制作方法各异。选项D符合题意。

8.填空题

Thepolicehadmovedquicklytoblockoffthearea.NowJimstoodacrossthestreetwiththeotherstudents,watchinginstunneddisbeliefasthefiredepartmentfoughtto(1)____controlofthefire.Butitlookedhopeless.Theeastendofthebuildingexplodedintoflames.Thenoisewassoloud(2)____evenJim,ashefiddledabsently(3)____thevolumecontroltohishearingaid,couldhearafaintroar.AcrossthestreetontheschoolgroundsMr.Maclntire,theprincipal,wasshoutingtothefirechief.Jimreadhislips,(4)____someofwhathesaidbecauseofthedistancebutgetting(5)____thanenoughtounderstand,“...eightstudentsandateacher...inabasementroom...trapped!”Thefirechiefshookhishead.Threetimes-alreadyfirefightershadtriedtoenterthebuilding,onlytobe(6)____backbytheheatandsmoke,andnowtherewasnohopeatall.Jimsawitinthechief’sface.Hisfriendsandtheteacherherespectedmorethanany(7)____wereasgoodasdead.Theyhadlittle(8)___tosurvivethesmoke,nottomentiontheheat.ItwasJim’sclassinthebasement,andheshouldhavebeenintherehimself.ButhehasstoppedinthehallupstairstotalktoMr.MaclntireaboutthePhonicEar.Itwasasmallradioreceiverpluggedintohishearingaid(9)___signalsfromatransmitterwornbyhisteachers.Bornwitha(10)____impairment,Jimhadhadproblemsinhisclasses.Hewasagoodlipreader,butlipreadingdidnotalways(11)____.Teacherssometimes,withoutthinking,(12)__theirfacesawaywhentalking.Makinggoodgradeshadbeenhardforhim(13)____hebegantousethePhonicEar.Nowheheardeverythinghisteachersaid,andhisgradeshadshot(14)_____.Thatwasonereasonhehadbeenplacedintheadvancedphysicsclass,theonlycoursestill(15)____inanyofthebasementfloorclassroomsoftheoldschool,(16)____wasundergoingrenovation.Anewwingwastobeaddedtothebackoftheschool.Heavyequipmenthadbeendiggingthenewfoundationsandhadbrokenagaslineleadingintothebasement.(17)____hewaslatetoclass,JimhadjustturnedawayfromMr.Maclntire(18)____theschoolbuildingwasrockedbyan(19)____.Smokerosefromthebasementstairwellandwasfollowedbyfire.Everyoneontheuppertwofloorshadgottenout.Buttherehadbeennoescapeforthose(20)____.

【答案】1.gain

2.that

3.with

4.missing

5.more

6.held

7.one

8.chance

9.toreceive

10.hearing

11.help

12.turn

13.so

14.up

15.taught

16.which

17.Because

18.when

19.alarm

20.below

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。gainthecontrolof控制…

2.考查固定搭配。so…that…如此…以致…

3.考查固定搭配。fiddlewith摆弄

4.联系上下文可知由于距离比较远，Jim不能够听清楚Maclntire所说的话，故填missing.

5.考查固定搭配。gettingmorethanenoughtounderstand…得到了足够多的能理解的信息。

6.考查固定搭配。holdback阻止，联系上下文可知，消防主管在摇头，消防员已经三次尝试进入这栋楼，但他们都被浓烟和热度所阻挡了，现在完全没希望了。

7.anyone任何的。句意：他的朋友和他最尊敬的老师处于非常危险的境地。

8.根据句意可知此处指老师和学生有很小的从浓烟中生还的机会。

9.此处表示目的，句意：生耳是一个插在助音器上面的小小收音机，它从老师戴着的发射器那里接收信号。

10.由上文可知Jim有天生的听力缺陷。

11.由下文可知老师在上课时经常把脸转过去，所以可推测能读懂唇语也不一定总是有帮助。

12.turnaway转过脸

1..由上文可知Jim由于听力缺陷，很难有好成绩，所以开始使用生耳。

14.shotup直线上升

15.高级物理课程是旧学校地下室教室里仍然被教的课程。course与teach之间是被动的关系，故用过去分词。

16.本句是非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，故用which，指代“theoldschool”。

17.由上文可知Jim去找Maclntire关于生耳的问题，所以可推知他上课迟到了。

18.此处表示当他发现教学楼传来的警报的时候，他正好刚刚从Maclntire那里转过脸来。

19.句意：这栋教学楼被警报声所包围。

20.由上文提到的upper可知此空应填below。句意：在上面两层的所有人都出来了，但是对于在两层以下的人来说没有逃生的机会。

9.单选题

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturedeliveredbytheprofessorbecauseitssubjectwasvery（）.

问题1选项

A.intriguing

B.indefinite

C.obscure

D.dubious

【答案】C

【解析】句意:几乎没有人能听懂教授的讲座，因为其主题很晦涩难懂。

考查形容词辨析。intriguing有趣的，引人入胜的，神秘的；indefinite无期限的，不明确的，表示因定义不明确而引起理解上的模糊；obscure不淸楚的，模糊的，晦涩的，强调费解；dubious可疑的，含糊的，强调因可疑而引起的不确定。根据前半句句意“几乎没有人能听懂教授的讲座”可知C正确。

10.单选题

Thetaleisbasedonthe______ideaofamanwhoremainsyoungwhilehisportraitonthewallgrowsold.

问题1选项

A.tentative

B.whimsical

C.querulous

D.cynical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项tentative“试验性的，暂定的，踌躇的”，B项whimsical“古怪的，异想天开的”，C项querulous“易怒的，暴躁的，爱发牢骚的”，D项cynical“愤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的”。根据后面的定语从句“挂在墙上的肖像会变老，而他却依然年轻”可知，四个选项中“异想天开的”符合。句意：这个故事是基于一个人的异想天开的想法，他仍然年轻，而他的肖像在墙上变老。因此，该题选择B项。

11.单选题

IfthereisonequalitythatmostAmericanshares,itisadesirethatsetstheireyesstrainingforalookbeyondthehorizon,theirmindswonderingwhatmightbebeyondtheirrangeofvision,andtheirfeetonpathsintotheunknown.Thehorizonskeepexpanding;overacenturytheadventurersandhome-seekersbravedthewildnesstolookforindependenceandprosperity.

Inthe1800’stheterm“theWest”wasoftenusedtodescribeanyfrontierregionorterritorythatlaybetweenthewell-establishedsettlementsandtheuntamedwildness.AsAmericanmovedsteadilywestward,thefrontiermovedwestwardalso.

Thepushingbackofthefrontier,however,wasfarfromeasy.Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.ThewestwardmovementwasatypicalexpressionoftheAmericancharacter,notoostronglydesiringforasettledlifebutseekingtheirdreamsbymovingfromplacetoplace.Itisstilltrueevennow.

TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.Itwasdifficulttoenforcelawandorderinsuchalargeareawithsolittleestablishedauthority,andsomepeoplemovedtothewestnotinordertodevelopthecountrybuttorobthosewhoweredoinghardwork.Themovementtothewesthaditsheroesaswellasitsvillains.

OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.ThiscouldserveasacluetotheunderstandingofAmerican“honesty”.TheAmericansweresaidtovaluehonestspeech,honestpeople,honestgovernment,andhonestPresidents.

SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.Thenthereistheexplorationofouterspace.PresidentJohnKennedyinaspeechtothenation,spokeofthe“NewFrontier”.Thefrontierspiritcertainlyplayedapartinputtingthefirstmenonthemoon,themostrecentofallfrontiersmentobecrossed.

1.Thetextismainlyabout（）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whatisatypicalexpressionofthefrontierspirit?

3.Fromthetextyoucanlearnwhatendangeredtheearlypioneerwas（）.

4.Itseemsthatsuccessfulfrontiersman（）.

5.Fromthetextyoucanseetheauthorthinks（）.

问题1选项

A.Americanhistoryinthe19thcentury

B.thedifferencebetweentheUSAandmostoftheolderEuropeancountries

C.theAmericanfrontierspirit

D.Americanhonesty

问题2选项

A.GoWest.

B.Bravethewildness.

C.Overcomedangersandhardships.

D.Travelfromplacetoplace.

问题3选项

A.coldweatheredandlackofwater

B.Indianraids

C.floodsandwildness

D.naturaldisastersandhumanattacks

问题4选项

A.mustbeverytoughmenspeakingroughlanguage

B.werehonestmenhungryforindependenceandprosperity

C.mustbeadventurersbraveandgoodatmanagement

D.werebothcountrybuildersandshamefulvillains

问题5选项

A.thefrontierspiritisnotnecessaryintheUSAtoday

B.courageandenterprisearethefrontierspiritintheUSAtoday

C.Americantodayenjoytravelinginsteadofgoingwest

D.theexplorationofouterspaceistheexpressionofthenewfrontierspirit

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。从19世纪的西进运动再到当今美国人的西进精神，本文主要讲了美国的拓荒精神，即美国人的勇气和进取心，以及能吃苦的精神。

2.推理判断题。由第三段Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面对和克服许多危险和困难。以及第五段“HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.西部艰苦的劳动和激烈的竞争使边疆人生活艰难，他们的语言也是如此。”以及最后一段“SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.有些人觉得美国的拓荒精神已经不存在了。但它以多种方式表现出来。美国人不喜欢没有工作，他们会跋涉数百英里寻找工作，显示出勇气和进取心，这在大多数较老的欧洲国家是不常见的。”可知拓荒精神体现为能克服危险和困难，有勇气和进取心。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第三段“Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面对和克服许多危险和困难。”“Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.冬天可怕的暴风雪可能会毁掉他的牲畜，许多拓荒者自己也被冻死了。在夏天，一个拓荒者可能会无助地站在一边，看着他的牛死去或庄稼因缺水而枯萎。在其他时候，洪水可能会冲走他所有的工作，但他早年最大的危险来自印第安人的袭击。”以及第四段第一句“TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.在十九世纪中叶，对于一个爱好和平的拓荒者来说，最大的危险可能不是来自自然条件或印第安人，而是来自拓荒者。”可知早期拓荒者面临自然灾害的威胁以及印第安人的袭击。故D项正确。

4.细节事实题。由倒数第二段“OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.在去西方的路上，一个人的成功或失败在很大程度上取决于他的实力和管理能力。可知C项“拓荒者的成败取决于他的力量与管理能力”正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.美国人不喜欢没有工作，他们会跋涉数百英里寻找工作，显示出勇气和进取心，这在大多数较老的欧洲国家是不常见的。”可知当今美国人的拓荒精神体现为勇气和进取心。故B项正确。

12.单选题

Therearemanyreasonswhythemajorityofsilentfilmshavebeenlost:thedeteriorationofhighlyvolatilenitratestock,fire,negligence,thedestructionofprintsandnegatives.__21__silentfilms,though,still22__.MaryPickford’s1911short“TheirFirstMisunderstanding”wasrecentlyfound23anoldbamand24bytheLibraryofCongress.Anditwas25in2010that75Americansilentfilms26discoveredattheNewZealandFilmArchive,includingJohnFord’slost1927“Upstream”,andrepatriatedtothemajorarchives—theLibraryofCongress,theAcademyFilmArchive,UCLAFilmandTelevisionArchive,theGeorgeEastmanHouseandtheMuseumofModernArt.

Infactthesurveypointsoutthat27the3,311filmsthatsurvivein28form,886werediscoveredinothercountries—24%ofthemhavebeenrepatriated—withtheCzechRepublic__29__thelargestcollectionofsilentAmericanfilmsoutsideoftheUnitedStates.

Thestudywaswrittenbyhistorian-archivistDavidPierce,30alsohascreatedaninventorydatabaseofinformation31commercialandprivateholdingsthat,accordingtothestudy,32inrepatriationoflostAmericanfilms.ThesurveyisoneofseveralcongressionallymandatedstudiesofAmerica’sfilmand33soundheritage.

“Unfortunately,thereis34that’salreadybeenlost,”saidSteveLeggett,programcoordinator35theNationalFilmPreservationBoardoftheLibraryofCongress.“Butthis__36identifiessomethatarearound.You37justdon’tknowsometimes38yougetovertotheseinternationalarchives—theremaybeotherstuffunidentifiedbecauseit’s39___adifferentlanguageortheyputAmericanfilm