考研考博-英语-徐州医科大学考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-徐州医科大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

GenerationJoblessThenumberofyoungpeopleoutofworkgloballyisnearlyasbigasthepopulationoftheUnitedStates

"YOUNGpeopleoughtnottobeidle.Itisverybadforthem,"saidMargaretThatcherin1984.Shewasright:therearefewworsethingsthatsocietycandotoitsyoungthantoleavetheminlimbo.

1.Thosewhostarttheircareersonthedolearemorelikelytohavelowerwagesandmorespellsofjoblessnesslaterinlife,becausetheyloseoutonthechancetoacquireskillsandself-confidenceintheirformativeyears.

Yetmoreyoungpeopleareidlethanever.OECDfiguressuggestthat26m15-to24-year-oidsindevelopedcountriesarenotinemployment,educationortraining;thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobhasrisenby30%since2007.TheInternationalLabourOrganisationreportsthat75myoungpeoplegloballyarelookingforajob.WorldBanksurveyssuggestthat262myoungpeopleinemergingmarketsareeconomicallyinactive.Dependingonhowyoumeasurethem,thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobisnearlyaslargeasthepopulationofAmerica(311m).

2.Twofactorsplayabigpart.First,thelongslowdownintheWesthasreduceddemandforlabour,anditiseasiertoputoffhiringyoungpeoplethanitistofireolderworkers.Second,inemergingeconomiespopulationgrowthisfastestincountrieswithdysfunctionallabourmarkets,suchasIndiaandEgypt.

Theresultisan"areofunemployment",fromsouthernEuropethroughnorthAfricaandtheMiddleEasttoSouthAsia,wheretherichworld'srecessionmeetsthepoorworld'syouthquake.TheangeroftheyoungjoblesshasalreadyburstontothestreetsintheMiddleEast.Violentcrime,generallyindeclineintherichworld,isrisinginSpain,ItalyandPortugal—countrieswithstartlinglyhighyouthunemployment.

Willgrowthgivethemajob?

Themostobviouswaytotacklethisproblemistoreignitegrowth.Thatiseasiersaidthandoneinaworldplaguedbydebt,andisanywayonlyapartialanswer.Thecountrieswheretheproblemisworst(suchasSpainandEgypt)sufferedfromhighyouthunemploymentevenwhentheireconomiesweregrowing.

3.Throughouttherecessioncompanieshavecontinuedtocomplainthattheycannotfindyoungpeoplewiththefightskills.Thisunderlinestheimportanceoftwoothersolutions:reforminglabourmarketsandimprovingeducation.Thesearefamiliarprescriptions,butonesthatneedtobedeliveredwithbothanewvigourandanewtwist.

Youthunemploymentisoftenatitsworstincountrieswithrigidlabourmarkets.Cartelisedindustries,hightaxesonhiring,strictrulesaboutfiring,highminimumwages:allthesehelpcondemnyoungpeopletothestreetcomer.SouthAfricahassomeofthehighestunemploymentsouthoftheSahara,inpartbecauseithaspowerfultradeunionsandrigidrulesabouthiringandfiring.Manycountriesintheareofyouthunemploymenthavehighminimumwagesandheavytaxesonlabour.Indiahasaround200lawsonworkandpay.

Deregulatinglabourmarketsisthuscentraltotacklingyouthunemployment.Butitwillnotbeenoughonitsown.Britainhasaflexiblelabourmarketandhighyouthunemployment.Incountrieswithbetterrecords,governmentstendtotakeamoreactiveroleinfindingjobsforthosewhoarestruggling.Germany,whichhasthesecond-lowestlevelofyouthunemploymentintherichworld,paysaproportionofthewagesofthelongtermunemployedforthefirsttwoyears.TheNordiccountriesprovideyoungpeoplewith"personalisedplans"togetthemintoemploymentortraining.ButthesepoliciesaretooexpensivetoreproduceinsouthernEurope,withtheirmillionsofunemployed,letalonetheemergingworld.

4.Acheaperapproachistoreformlabour-hungrybitsoftheeconomv—forexample,bymakingiteasierforsmallbusinessestogetlicences,orconstructioncompaniestogetapprovalforprojects,orshopstostayopenintheevening.

ThegraduateglutAcrosstheOECD,peoplewholeftschoolattheearliestopportunityaretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasuniversitygraduates.Butitisunwisetoconcludethatgovernmentsshouldsimplycontinuewiththeestablishedpolicyofboostingthenumberofpeoplewhograduatefromuniversity.InbothBritainandtheUnitedStatesmanypeoplewithexpensiveliberal-artsdegreesarefindingitimpossibletogetdecentjobs.InnorthAfricauniversitygraduatesaretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasnon-graduates.

5.Whatmattersisnotjustnumberofyearsofeducationpeopleget,butitscontent.Thismeansexpandingthestudyofscienceandtechnologyandclosingthegapbetweentheworldofeducationandtheworldofwork—forexamplebyupgradingvocationalandtechnicaleducationandbyforgingcloserrelationsbetweencompaniesandschools.Germany’slong-establishedsystemofvocationalschoolingandapprenticeshipsdoesjustthat.Othercountriesarefollowingsuit:SouthKoreahasintroduced“meister”schools,Singaporehasboostedtechnicalcolleges,andBritainisexpandingapprenticeshipsandtryingtoimprovetechnicaleducation.

Closingthegapwillalsorequireachangeofattitudefrombusiness.Somecompanies,rangingfromIBMandRolls-RoycetoMcDonald’sandPremierInn,arerevampingtheirtrainingprogrammes,butthefearthatemployeeswillbepoacheddiscouragesfirmsfrominvestingintheyoung.Therearewaysofgettingaroundtheproblem:groupsofemployerscanco-operatewithcollegestodesigntrainingcourses,forexample.6.Technologyisalsoreducingthecostoftraining:programmesdesignedaroundcomputergamescangiveyoungsterssomevirtualexperience,andonlinecoursescanhelpapprenticescombineon-the-jobtrainingwithacademicinstruction.

Theproblemofyouthunemploymenthasbeengettingworseforseveralyears.Butthereareatlastsomereasonsforhope.7.Governmentsaretryingtoaddressthemismatchbetweeneducationandthelabourmarket.Companiesarebeginningtotakemoreresponsibilityforinvestingintheyoung.Andtechnologyishelpingdemocratiseeducationandtraining.Theworldhasarealchanceofintroducinganeducation-and-trainingrevolutionworthyofthescaleoftheproblem.

【答案】1.那些靠救济金过活的人工资更低，人生后期也会经历更多次的失业，因为他们在性格形成期已经失去了获得技能和自信的机会。

2.有两个因素起了很大作用。首先，西方的长期放缓生产速度减少了对劳动力的需求，年轻人比老员工更容易被解雇。其次，在新兴经济体中，劳动力市场功能失调的国家，如印度和埃及，人口增长却最快。

3.有些公司经历了衰退的整个过程，却仍然抱怨找不到合适的年轻技术工人。这强调了另外两个解决方案的重要性：改革劳动力市场和改善教育。这些措施广为人知，但是要做出这些改革，还需要新的勇气和新策略。

4.更廉价的方法是改革经济中急需劳动力的企业——例如，简化小型企业的注册程序，简化建筑公司招标的审批程序，让商店更容易地在晚上照常营业等等。

5.重要的不仅是人们受教育的年限，还有教育的内容。这意味着扩大科技研究，缩小理论教育和实际用工之间的差距。比如，可以通过升级职业教育和技术教育，将学校和公司更紧密地联系起来等等方式加以实现。

6.应用技术也可以减少培训成本：可将培训设计成电脑游戏，从而让年轻人得到虚拟体验。同时，在线课程可以帮助学徒把在职培训内容与大学课程融合起来。

7.政府正努力解决教育和劳动力市场之间的不匹配问题。公司开始在投资年轻人方面承担起更多的责任。应用某些技术也有助于推行教育和培训的民主化。

2.单选题

Theytriedtocollectallthepicturestheycould（

）.

问题1选项

A.laytheirhandson

B.capitalizeon

C.washtheirhandsof

D.makethebestof

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。layone’shandson意为“找到，得到，伤害”；capitalizeon意为“充分利用某事物，从某事物中获利”；washone’shandsof意为“洗手不干，退出、不参与”；makethebestof意为“充分利用”。

句意：他们试图收集所有他们能找到的照片。

3.单选题

Ifaman（）himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.

问题1选项

A.deprived

B.robbed

C.rejected

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项deprive表示“使丧失，剥夺”，deprivesb.ofsth表示“从某人处剥夺某物”；B选项rob表示“抢劫，掠夺；非法剥夺”，robsbofsth表示“抢劫某人的某物；C选项reject表示“拒绝；排斥；抵制；丢弃”；D选项deny表示“否定，否认；拒绝给予”，denysb.sth表示“拒绝给予某人某物”。根据句意可知，如果一位男士为了买一只猫使得自己和家人没有食物可吃，那么我们会认为他发疯了。故A项deprive（使丧失，剥夺）最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为A项。

4.不定项选择题

(1)Thesourcesofanti-Christianfeelingweremanyandcomplex.Onthemoreintangibleside,therewasageneralpiqueagainsttheunwantedintrusionoftheWesterncountries;therewasanunderstandabletendencytoseekanexternalscapegoatforinternaldisordersonlytangentiallyattributabletotheWestandperhapsmostimportant,therewasaviriletraditionofethnocentricism,ventedlongbeforeagainstIndianBuddhism,whichsincetheseventeenthcentury,focusedonWesternChristianity.Accordingly,evenbeforethemissionarymovementreallygotunderwayinthemid-nineteenthcentury,itwasalreadyatadisadvantage.After1860,asmissionaryactivityinthehinterlandexpanded,itquicklybecameapparentthatinadditiontotheintangibles,numeroustangiblegroundsforChinesehostilityabounded.

(2)Inpart,theverypresenceofthemissionaryevokedattack,theywere,afterall,thefirstforeignerstoleavethetreatyportsandventureintotheinterior,andforalongtimetheywerevirtuallytheonlyforeignerswhosequotidianlaborscarriedthemtothefarthestreachestheChineseempire.Formanyoftheindigenouspopulation,therefore,themissionarystoodasauniquelyvisiblesymbolagainstwhichoppositiontoforeignintrusioncouldbevented.Inpart,too,themissionarywasattackedbecausethemannerinwhichhemadehispresencefeltafter1860seemedalmostcalculatedtooffend.ByindignantlywagingbattleagainstthenotionthatChinawasthesolefountainheadofcivilizationand,moreparticularly,byhisassaultonmanyfacetsofChineseculture,themissionarydirectlyunderminedtheculturalhegemonyofthegentryclass.Also,incountlessways,heposedathreattothegentry’straditionalmonopolyofsocialleadership.Missionaries,particularlyCatholics,frequently,assumedthegarboftheConfucianliterati.Theyweretheonlypersonsatthelocallevel,asidefromthegentrywhowerepermittedtocommunicatewiththeauthoritiesassocialequals,andtheyenjoyedanextraterritorialstatusintheinteriorthatgavethemgreaterimmunitytoChineselawthanhadeverbeenpossessedbythegentry.

(3)AlthoughitwastheavowedpolicyoftheChinesegovernmentafter1860thatthenewtreatiesweretobestrictlyadheredto,inpracticeimplementationdependedonthewholeheartedaccordprovincialauthorities.Thereisabundantevidencethatcooperationwasdilatory.Attherootofthislaytheinteractivenatureofrulerandruled.

(4)Inaseverelyunderstaffedbureaucracythatruledasmuchbysuasionasbymight,theofficial,almostalwaysastrangerinthelocalityofhisservice,dependedontheactivecooperationofthelocalgentryclass.Energeticattemptstoimplementtreatyprovisionsconcerningmissionaryactivities,indirectdefianceofgentrysentiment,rantheriskofalienatingthisclassanddestroyingfutureeffectiveness.

36.Inavagueway,anti-Christianfeelingstemmedfrom（）.

37.Theauthorwouldagreethat（）.

38.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthoragree?

39.Missionaries（）.

40.Provincialauthorities（）.

问题1选项

A.themerepresenceofinvaders

B.ageneralizedunfocusedfeeling

C.theintroductiontotheWest

D.noneoftheabove

问题2选项

A.manyproblemsinChinacamefrominternaldisordersduetoWeasterninfluence.

B.manyproblemsinChinacamefromChinaitselfandwereunrelatedtotheWest.

C.scapegoatsperformanecessaryfunctionandthereshouldbemoreofthem.

D.alloftheabovearetrue.

问题3选项

A.Ethnocentricismisamanlytradition.

B.ThedisdaintowardChristianitywasprefiguredbyadisdaintowardBuddhism.

C.AlthoughChristianitywasnotwellreceivedinChina,Buddhismwas.

D.TheauthorwouldagreewithAandC.

问题4选项

A.oftendressedthesamewayasChinesescholarsdid

B.werefreeofthelegalconstraintsthatboundthelocalindigenouspopulation

C.hadgreateraccesstoauthoritythanChinesepeasants

D.maybedescribedbyalloftheabove

问题5选项

A.cooperatedfullywiththecentralgovernment’spolicy

B.werealivetolocalfeelings

C.wereobligedtodeterminewhetherlocalsentimenttoleratedimplementation

D.maybedescribedbyBandC.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】36.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“以一种模糊的方式来看，反基督教情绪来源于……”。根据文章第一段Thesourcesofanti-Christianfeelingweremanyandcomplex.Onthemoreintangibleside,therewasageneralpiqueagainsttheunwantedintrusionoftheWesterncountries;therewasanunderstandabletendencytoseekanexternalscapegoatforinternaldisordersonlytangentiallyattributabletotheWestandperhapsmostimportant,therewasaviriletraditionofethnocentricism,ventedlongbeforeagainstIndianBuddhism,whichsincetheseventeenthcentury,focusedonWesternChristianity.（反基督教情绪的来源很多，而且很复杂。在更难以捉摸的方面，人们普遍对西方国家不必要的入侵感到不满；人们有一种可以理解的倾向，即为与西方影响无关的内部混乱寻找外部替罪羊。或许最重要的是，印度存在着一种强大的民族中心主义传统，早在反对印度佛教之前就有了，印度佛教从17世纪开始就关注西方基督教。）可知，在这里连续提到了三个反基督教的可能因素，可知这种反基督教的因素并不是单一的，也不是固定的，所以B项“一种普遍的、不集中的感觉”更符合题意。A项“入侵者的出现”和C项“西方的引进”只是其中一个因素；D项“以上都不是”错误。故该题选B。

37.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者可能会同意……”。根据第一段第二句therewasanunderstandabletendencytoseekanexternalscapegoatforinternaldisordersonlytangentiallyattributabletotheWest（人们有一种可以理解的倾向，即为与西方影响无关的内部混乱寻找外部替罪羊）可知，中国内部的很多问题并不是西方因素引起的，因此B项“中国的许多问题都是中国自己造成的”符合题意。A项“中国的许多问题都是由于受西方的影响而产生的内乱，与西方无关”，内容与原文不符；C项“替罪羊发挥了必要的作用，应该有更多的替罪羊”文中没有提到替罪羊发挥了作用，该项错误；D项“以上都是正确的”错误。故该题选B。

38.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者可能会同意下列哪一个观点？”。根据第一段第二句therewasaviriletraditionofethnocentricism,ventedlongbeforeagainstIndianBuddhism（印度有一种强大的民族中心主义的男性传统，早在反对印度佛教之前就有了），这句话中的virile(男性的)等同于manly，所以A项“民族中心主义是男性的传统”正确。B项“对基督教的蔑视是以对佛教的蔑视为预兆的”，内容在文章并无体现，所以B项不选。根据againstIndianBuddhism可知C项“虽然基督教在中国不太受欢迎，但佛教很受欢迎”错误。D项“作者同意A项和C项的观点”错误。故该题选A。

39.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“传教士……”。第二段最后两句提到Missionaries,particularlyCatholics,frequently,assumedthegarboftheConfucianliterati.Theyweretheonlypersonsatthelocallevel,asidefromthegentrywhowerepermittedtocommunicatewiththeauthoritiesassocialequals,andtheyenjoyedanextraterritorialstatusintheinteriorthatgavethemgreaterimmunitytoChineselawthanhadeverbeenpossessedbythegentry.（传教士，尤其是天主教徒，经常穿着儒家文人的服装。除了这些被允许与政府进行社会平等交流，在内地享有“治外法权”和享有更大的中国法律豁免权的绅士之外，他们是当地唯一享有这些的人。），由此可知A项“经常穿着和中国学者一样的衣服”，B项“摆脱了束缚当地土著居民的法律约束”和C项“比中国农民更容易获得权力”都有提及，所以D项“以上都可描述”正确。故该题选D。

40.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“省级政府……”。最后一段提到theofficial,almostalwaysastrangerinthelocalityofhisservice,dependedontheactivecooperationofthelocalgentryclass.Energeticattemptstoimplementtreatyprovisionsconcerningmissionaryactivities,indirectdefianceofgentrysentiment,rantheriskofalienatingthisclassanddestroyingfutureeffectiveness.（官员在他所管制的当地几乎总是一个陌生人，依靠当地绅士阶层的积极合作。在直接蔑视绅士情绪的情况下，积极地尝试执行条约规定有关传教活动会冒着疏远这个阶级和破坏其效果的风险。）可知这句话表达了官方对当地人的依赖和官方要是不顾当地人民的情绪，实行传道活动，就会有疏远当地人和破坏传道的效果的危害；所以我们可以推断官方关注当地人民的感觉，同时官方有义务去弄清楚人们是否可以容忍传道活动的进行。故B项“关心当地人的情感”和C项“有义务决定当地人情绪是否能容忍传道的实施”都正确。A项“充分配合中央政府的政策”，文章没有提到。因此D项“可以用B项和C项来描述”符合题意。故该题选D。

5.单选题

Experimentssuggestthatseasonofbirthdramaticallyaffectsthespeedthebodyclockticks.

问题1选项

A.atwhich

B.forwhich

C.onwhich

D.inwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法知识。介词+which引导定语从句时，介词要与先行词搭配。题干中先行词是thespeed，只有at可以搭配。句意：实验表明，出生的季节会极大地影响生物钟的运转速度。因此选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebrainismadeprimarilyoftwodifferenttypesoftissue,calledgraymatterandwhitematter.Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.

PsychologyprofessorRichardHaieroftheUniversityofCalifornia,IrvineledtheresearchalongwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofNewMexico.Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.“Thesefindingssuggestedthathumanevolutionhascreatedtwodifferenttypesofbrainsdesignedforequallyintelligentbehavior,”saidHaier,addingthat,“bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.”

TheresultsaredetailedintheonlineversionofthejournalNeuroImage.Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.Theresultsfromthisstudymayhelpexplainwhymenandwomenexcelatdifferenttypesoftasks,saidco-authorandneuropsychologistRexJungoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics,Jungsaid,whilewomenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills.Scientistsfinditveryinterestingthatwhilemenandwomenusetwoverydifferentactivitycentersandneurologicalpathways,menandwomenperformequallywellonbroadmeasuresofcognitiveability,suchasintelligencetests.

Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.Thismatchesupwellwithclinicaldatathatshowsfrontallobedamageinwomentobemuchmoredestructivethanthesametypeofdamageinmen.BothHaierandJunghopethatthisresearchwillsomedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosebraindisordersinmenandwomenearlier,aswellasprovidehelpdesigningmoreeffectiveandprecisetreatmentsforbraindamage.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtoparagraph1?

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,thisdiscoveryissignificantbecause________.

23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutgraybrainmatter?

24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutwhitebrainmatter?

25.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhat________.

问题1选项

A.Thebrainisamonolithicorgan.

B.Intellectualabilitydependsonwhichpartofthebrainisused.

C.Intellectualabilityvariesbetweenmenandwomen.

D.Theanatomyofmen’sbrainsandwomen’sbrainsdiffer.

问题2选项

A.itisnecessarytounderstandtheanatomyofthebrainwhendealingwithdiseasesthataffectthoughtprocesses

B.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligent

C.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligentoverall,butspecializeindifferentwaysofthinking

D.manydiseasesofthebrainarespecifictogenderortheother

问题3选项

A.Ithelpsputtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

B.Itisusedforprocessinginformation.

C.Thereislessofitinmen’sbrains.

D.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofgraybrainmatterandmathematicalability.

问题4选项

A.Womenhavemoreofitthanmen.

B.Itisusedforputtingtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

C.Thereisdirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofwhitebrainmatterandlinguisticability.

D.Theamountofwhitebrainmatterisnotdirectlyrelatedtooverallintelligence.

问题5选项

A.menandwomenareequallyintelligent

B.menandwomenhavedifferentfrontallobes

C.headinjuriescanhavevariedeffects,accordingtowhetherapersonismaleorfemale

D.theresearchwillbeusefultootherscientists

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.（根据一项新的研究，男人和女人的想法确实不同，至少在大脑解剖方面是这样。），可知男女在大脑结构上不同，所以D选项“男性大脑和女性大脑的解剖结构不同”正确。A选项“大脑是一个整体器官”：文章没有单独提出来，故错误。B选项“智力能力取决于大脑的哪一部分被使用了”，C选项“男人和女人的智力不同”：根据第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（这项新研究表明，男性用灰质思考更多，而女性用白质思考更多。研究人员强调，仅仅因为男女思维方式不同，并不会影响智力表现。），可知男女的智力没有不同，也不会因为使用大脑方式的不同而产生智力差距，故错误。因此D选项正确。

22.事实细节。根据第二段最后一句Thesefindingssuggestedthat…bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.（这些发现表明……通过精确定位这些基于性别的智能区域，这项研究有可能帮助研究痴呆和其他大脑认知障碍疾病。），可知这个对大脑结构发现的现实意义是可以用来帮助治疗大脑认知障碍的疾病，所以A选项“在处理影响思维过程的疾病时，有必要了解大脑的解剖结构”正确。B选项“它表明男人和女人是同样聪明的”和C选项“它表明男人和女人在整体上同样聪明，但思考方式不同”：根据第二段第二句Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.（他们的研究结果显示，总体而言，男性与智力有关的灰质是女性的近6.5倍，而女性与智力有关的白质是男性的近10倍。），这表明男女思考方式不同，但并不能表明男女智力一样，故错误。D选项“许多大脑疾病跟特定性别或其他因素有关”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

23.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人脑中，灰质代表着信息处理中心，而白质则负责将这些处理中心连接起来。），可知灰质用来处理信息，所以B选项“用来处理信息”正确，A选项“有助于将来自大脑不同部位的信息整合在一起”是白质的功能，故错误。C选项“男人的大脑中没有那么多”：根据第二段第二句menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen（男性与智力有关的灰质是女性的近6.5倍），可知男性的灰质更多，故错误。D选项“大脑灰质的数量和数学能力之间有直接的关系”：根据第三段倒数第二句Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics（例如，男性在需要更多本地化处理的任务上表现得更好，比如数学），用灰质思考更多的男性在数学方面表现更好，不代表灰质数量和数学的直接关系，故错误。因此B选项正确。

24.推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句womenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills（女性在整合和吸收来自大脑分布灰质区域的信息方面表现得更好，这有助于语言技能），这里没有表明白质和语言能力的直接关系，所以C选项“脑白质的数量和语言能力之间有直接的关系”不符合文章意思，正确。A选项“女性比男性拥有更多”：根据第二段第二句womenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen（女性与智力有关的白质是男性的近10倍），可知符合文章意思，故错误。B选项“是用来把来自大脑不同部位的信息放在一起”：根据第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人脑中，灰质代表着信息处理中心，而白质则负责将这些处理中心连接起来。），可知符合文章意思，故错误。D选项“脑白质的数量与整体智力没有直接关系”：根据第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（这项新研究表明，男性用灰质思考更多，而女性用白质思考更多。研究人员强调，仅仅因为男女思维方式不同，并不会影响智力表现。），可知脑白质数量和智力没有直接关系，符合文章意思，故错误。因此C选项正确。

25.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.（这项研究还揭示了为什么不同类型的头部损伤对男性或女性更具灾难性。），可知头部受伤对男女的影响可能不同，所以C选项“根据性别不同，头部受伤可能有不同的影响”正确。B选项“男人和女人有不同的额叶”：根据第四段第二句Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.（例如，女性额叶中84%的灰质区域和86%的白质区域与智力活动有关，而男性的额叶中这两个区域的比例分别为45%和零。），这里说的是男女额叶在灰质与白质结构上的不同，而不是说男女额叶本身的不同，故错误。A选项“男性和女性一样聪明”和D选项“这项研究将对其他科学家有用”：最后一段没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Recently,JapaneseimportsofmanufacturedgoodsfromChinahavesurgedandthereputationofChineseproductshasimprovedsubstantially,givingrisetoconcernthatChinawillsoonreplaceJapanasthe"factoryoftheworld".AnobjectiveevaluationofChina'sindustrialstrength,however,suggeststhatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan.

Firstofall,thehighproportionoflabor-intensiveproductsinChina'sexportsmeansthatitstradestructureistypicalofanewlyindustrializingeconomy(NIE).

Thisisdifferentfromthatofdevelopedcountries,wherethemajorexportitems,suchasmachinery,aretechnology-intensive.AlthoughChinaisincreasingitsshareoftheglobalmarketformanufacturedgoods,includingsomeinformation-technology(IT)productsthatareclassifiedashigh-tech,Chineseexportsarestillhighlyconcentratedinlower-endproducts.Intheeaseoftelevisions,forinstance,Japanspecializesinhigh-definitionandotherhigher-endmodels,whileChinaproducesstandardmodelswhoseunitvaluesaremuchlower.

ReflectingChinasemphasisonprocessingtrade,goods"madeinChina"containlargenumbersofoverseascomponents,someofwhicharemadeinJapan.AccordingtoofficialChinesestatistics,increasingexportsbyUSS1millionrequiresimportingintermediategoodsandcomponentsworth$500,000,whichdonotformpartofChina'sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP).Moreover,theproportionofthisimportedcontentishigherforhigh-techthanforlow-techproducts.Acomputerlabeled"madeinChina"islikelytocontainalargeportionofimportedcontentsincludinganIntelcentralprocessingunit(CPU),MicrosoftWindowsoperatingsystem,andaliquidcrystaldisplaymadeinJapanorSouthKorea.

Inaddition,approximatelyhalfofChina'sexportsareproducedbysubsidiariesofforeigncompanies,towhichdividends,interestcharges,royaltiesandotherfeesmustbepaid.EvenamongChinesecompanieswithnocapitalrelationswithoverseascompanies,themajorityoftheirexportsareprocessedunderOEM(originalequipmentmanufacturing)contractsandsoldwithforeignbrandnames.Thusonlyaverysmallpercentageofthevalue-addedofproductslabeled"madeinChina"isactually"madebyChina".ThelattercorrespondstotheconceptofChina'sgrossnationalproduct(GNP),andexcludesimportchargesonintermediategoodsandinvestmentincomepaidtooverseascountries.

Chinaissoheavilydependentonforeignpartnersthatithasyettodevelopitsownedge-cuttingtechnologyandinternationallyrecognizedbrandnames.Ontopofthis;Chinesecompaniesareinferiortotheiroverseascounterpartsinvirtuallyeveryaspect,beitcapital,humanresources,orbusinessmanagement.Asaresult,Chinahasnooptionbuttolooktocheaplaborforitsexportcompetitiveness.Indeed,themajorityofChinascontributiontothevalue-addedofitsexportslieswiththecostoflabor,andtheverylowwagesinChina,averaginglessthan$100amonth,implythatthiscontributionmustbeverysmall.Assuch,thecommonassumptionthatChinesegoodsarecompetitivebecausethecountry'swagelevelsarelowholdstrueonlyforlabor-intensiveproductsanddoesnotnecessarilyapplytoindustryasawhole.Instead,China'slowwagesshouldbeinterpretedasareflectionofthefactthatitslaborproductivityispoor.ItiswhenChina'swagelevelsapproachthoseofJapan,reflectingariseinproductivity,whichChinawillreallybecomeaformidablecompetitorforJapan.

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