考研考博-英语-云南医药健康职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南医药健康职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Takethecaseofpubliceducationalone.Theprincipaldifficultyfacedbytheschoolshasbeenthetremendousincreaseinthenumberofpupils.Thishasbeencausedbytheadvanceofthelegalageforgoingintoindustryandtheimpossibilityoffindingajobevenwhenthelegalagehasbeenreached.Inviewofthetechnologicalimprovementsinthelastfewyears,businesswillrequireinthefutureproportionatelyfewerworkersthaneverbefore.Theresultwillbestillfurtherraisingofthelegalageforgoingintoemployment,andstillfurtherdifficultyinfindingemploymentwhenthatagehasbeenattained.Ifwecannotputourchildrentowork,wemustputtheminschool.

Wemayalsobequiteconfidentthatthepresenttrendtowardashorterdayandashorterweekwillbemaintained.Wehavedevelopedandshallcontinuetohaveanewleisureclass.Alreadythepublicagenciesforadulteducationareswampedbythetidethathassweptoverthemsincethedepressionbegan.Theywillbelittlebetteroffwhenitisover.Theirsupportmustcomefromthetaxpayer.

Itissurelytoomuchtohopethattheseincreasesinthecostofpubliceducationcanbebornebythelocalcommunities.Theycannotcareforthepresentrestrictedandinadequatesystem.Thelocalcommunitieshavefailedintheireffortstocopewithunemployment.Theycannotexpecttocopewithpubliceducationonthescaleonwhichwemustattemptit.TheanswertotheproblemofunemploymenthasbeenFederalrelief.Theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationmayhavetobemuchthesame,andproperlyso.Ifthereisonethinginwhichthecitizensofallpartsofthecountryhaveaninterest,itisinthedecenteducationofthecitizensofallpartsofthecountry.Ourincometaxnowgoesinparttokeepourneighborsalive.Itmayhavetogoinpartaswelltomakeourneighborsintelligent.WearenowattemptingtopreservethepresentgenerationthroughFederalreliefofthedestitute（贫民）.OnlyapeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederalfundsaspubliceducationmayrequire.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whatisthereasonfortheincreaseinthenumberofstudents?

3.Thepublicagenciesforadulteducationwillbelittlebetteroffbecause（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationisthattheFederalgovernment

（

）.

5.Whydoestheauthorsay“OnlyapeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederalfundsaspubliceducationmayrequire”(Lines11-13,Para.3)（

）.

问题1选项

A.Howtopersuadelocalcommunitiestoprovidemorefunds.

B.Howtocopewiththeshortageoffundsforpubliceducation.

C.Howtoimprovethepubliceducationsystem.

D.Howtosolvetherisingunemploymentproblem.

问题2选项

A.Therequirementofeducatedworkersbybusiness.

B.Thetrendtowardashorterworkday.

C.Raisingofthelegalageforgoingtowork.

D.People’sconcernforthefutureofthenextgeneration.

问题3选项

A.theunemployedaretoopoortocontinuetheireducation

B.anewleisureclasshasdeveloped

C.theyarestillsufferingfromthedepression

D.anincreaseintaxescouldbeaproblem

问题4选项

A.shouldallocateFederalfundsforpubliceducation

B.shoulddemandthatlocalcommunitiesprovidesupport

C.shouldraisetaxestomeettheneedsofpubliceducation

D.shouldfirstofallsolvetheproblemofunemployment

问题5选项

A.OnlybyappropriatinganadequateFederalfundsforeducationcanthenextgenerationhaveabrightfuture.

B.CitizensatallpartsofthecountryagreethatthebestwaytosupporteducationistouseFederalfunds.

C.Peoplealloverthecountryshouldmakecontributionstoeducationintheinterestofthenextgeneration.

D.EducatedpeoplearedeterminedtousepartoftheFederalfundstohelpthepoor.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是法定就业年龄的提高以及就业难度大等问题导致更多的人转而接受教育。但是由于经济大萧条的原因，公共机构以及社区无法为教育提供资金。作者认为只有依靠联邦救济才能解决问题。选项A“如何说服当地社区提供更多的资金”显然不符合原文；选项C“如何完善公共教育体系”不正确，本文主要涉及的是资金问题而不是教育体系的问题；选项D“如何解决日益严重的失业问题”不是本文的重点，本文的重点是解决教育资金短缺的问题，所以选项D不正确，选项B“如何解决公共教育经费短缺的问题”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据第一段的二三句“Theprincipaldifficultyfacedbytheschoolshasbeenthetremendousincreaseinthenumberofpupils.Thishasbeencausedbytheadvanceofthelegalageforgoingintoindustryandtheimpossibilityoffindingajobevenwhenthelegalagehasbeenreached.”学校面临的主要困难是学生人数的大量增加。这是由于进入工业的法定年龄提高了，即使到了法定年龄也不可能找到工作。选项C符合原文。

第3题:细节事实题。根据关键词“publicagenciesforadulteducation”定位到第二段的内容“Theywillbelittlebetteroffwhenitisover.Theirsupportmustcomefromthetaxpayer.”当一切结束时，他们（成人教育公共机构）的境况也不会好多少。他们的支持必须来自纳税人。由此可知，他们的主要问题在于税收，而涉及税收的只有选项D。

第4题:判断推理题。根据最后一段中的“TheanswertotheproblemofunemploymenthasbeenFederalrelief.Theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationmayhavetobemuchthesame,andproperlyso.”解决失业问题的办法是联邦救济。公共教育问题的答案可能必须也是一样的，而且确实如此。由此可推断，联邦政府应该为公共教育筹集联邦资金。选项A正确。

第5题:判断推理题。这句话的意思是“只有一个决心毁灭下一代的民族才会拒绝接受公共教育可能需要的联邦资金”，也就是说只有拨出足够的联邦资金来扶持教育，我们的下一代才能有光明的前途。选项A正确；选项B中的“Citizensatallpartsofthecountry”表述错误，这个观点只是作者提出的，原文也没有提及全体公民都同意这一观点；选项C“为了下一代的利益，全国人民应该为教育做出贡献”不符合原文，作者的观点是联邦资金扶持教育而不是全国人民作出贡献；选项D“受过教育的人决心用联邦基金的一部分来帮助穷人”在文中没有信息涉及，所以不正确。

2.单选题

Theprodigalsonspenthismoneyextravagantlyandsoonafterhelefthomehewasreducedtoabeggar.

问题1选项

A.lavishly

B.economically

C.thriftily

D.extrovertly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。extravagantly在句中是“挥霍无度地”；A选项lavishly“浪费地”；B选项economically“经济地，经济学地”；C项thriftily“节俭地”；D选项extrovertly“外向地”。句意：这个浪子挥霍钱财，离家不久就沦为乞丐。根据选项，只有A项符合。

3.单选题

Awindowinthekitchenwas（

）,therewasrubbisheverywhere,andthecurtainsandcarpetshadbeenstolen.

问题1选项

A.scattered

B.scraped

C.scratched

D.smashed

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项scatter“撒播，散布”；B选项scrap“废弃，拆毁”；C选项scratch“抓，刮”；D选项smashed“打碎，粉碎”。句意：厨房的一扇窗户被打碎了，到处是垃圾，窗帘和地毯被偷了。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

Oncampuses,cheerfulundergraduatesarepressingleafletsintofresher’shands.AtHeathrowairport,wheremanyforeignstudentsenterBritain,thewelcomehasbeenlesswarm.Officialsherdedrecentarrivalsintoaseparatequeuethatattimestooksixhourstogetthrough—andthosewereluckyones.Manypotentialstudentsarelanguishingathome,andwillmissoutonuniversityplacesthisautumnunlesstheyreceivevisasinthenextfewdays.

UniversitieshadseentroubleloomingsinceMarch,whenanewstudent-visasystemwasintroduced.Byinsistingthatpotentialstudentsprovetheiracademiccredentialsandshowthattheyhaveenoughmoneytosupportthemselves,theHomeOfficeintendedtodeterthosewhowereactuallycomingtoBritaintowork.Ithashopedthereformswouldkeepoutpotentialterrorists.Buttheadviceitissuedtoapplicantswaspoor(ithassincebeenrevised)andstaffatmanyvisa-processingcentreswerenotproperlytrained.

Theresulthasbeenabacklogatmanycenters—inLosAngles,forexample,studentswaitedupto40daysforavisa.ButtheproblemhasbeenparticularlyacuteintheIndiansubcontinent.InPakistan,5,000aspiringstudentshaveyettohavetheirapplicationsprocessedand9,000moreareappealingagainstoutrightrefusals.

Thelogjamaffectsmostlywealthy,well-educatedfolkinstrategicallyimportantcountries.Theeliteuniversities,someofwhichhavelonghadacosmopolitanclientele,areconcerned.“WeareextremelyworriedaboutthedamagethatthiscoulddotothereputationofBritishhighereducationoverseas,particularlyintheIndiansubcontinent.Itcomesatatimewhenuniversities’financesareunderenormouspressure,”saysSimeonUnderwood,headofadmissionspolicyattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.

InternationalstudentsarevitaltoBritishuniversities.AlthoughBritishandEuropeanstudentspaytuitionfeesofupto€3,225ayear,thecostofeducatingthemisfarhigher.Thestatepartiallyplugsthegapand,forthatreason,italsocapsthenumberofthesestudents.Feesfromoverseasstudents,whopayaround€12,000ayear,contributemorethan€1.5billionannually,8%ofuniversitiestotalincome.

Toattractthesecrucialcustomers,universitiesoffertomeetthematairports,runeventstosettletheminandarrangeforpolicetovisitcampusestoexpeditevisacontrols.ButifstudentscannotmakeitintoBritain,suchcannymarketingisinvain.Thisyear,eventhoughaweakpoundmakesBritishuniversitiesacheapoption,somehaveseenthenumberofnewstudentsfromoutsidetheEuropeanUnionfallbyafifthbecauseofdifficultiesingettingvisas.

OnavisittoIslamabadonOctober5thAlanJohnson,thehomesecretary,promisedtocutthetimeittakestoprocessavisafrom60daysto15byhiringmorestaff,andtohelpPakistanestablishanationalanti-terrorismagency,whichwouldrelievethepressureonthevisasystem.Buthisinterventionwillnothelpthisyear’sblockedstudents.Andifproblemspersist,moreforeignstudentsmayplumpforuniversitiesinAmericaorAustraliainfuture.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothenewstudent-visasystem,aninternationalstudentshouldproveallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

3.Accordingtothetext,thestudent-visasystemmayleadto（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewstudent-visasystemseemstobe（

）.

问题1选项

A.Heathrowairportdoesnotliketheinternationalstudentsasmuchastheuniversityundergraduates

B.theunavailabilityofvisamayforcemanystudentstolosetheiradmissionintoUKuniversities

C.studentsfeelluckytowaitforonlysixhoursintheairporttogetintoBritain

D.manystudentwillarriveattheuniversitiesmuchlaterthanexpectedbecausetheycannotreceivethevisa

问题2选项

A.heshouldhaveadequatefinancialresources

B.heshouldmeetthebottomrequirementssetbytheuniversities

C.heshouldprovidebirthcertificateshowingheisnotfromaterroristcountry

D.heshouldconvincethevisaofficialthathispurposeofcomingtoUKistostudy

问题3选项

A.anegativeinfluenceonUK’sstrategicrelationswithsomeimportantcountries

B.moregovernmentalsubsidiestoBritishuniversities

C.anincreasingpressureonBritain’sgovernmentalfinance

D.thedamageofthereputationofBritishhighereducation

问题4选项

A.thenewstudent-visasystemmayunderminethecompetitivenessofBritishhighereducation

B.thenewstudent-visasystemwillsoonachieveamuchbetterefficiencybyhiringmorestaff

C.thenewstudent-visasystemaimstosendstudentstoothercountriessuchasAustraliaandAmerica

D.thenewstudent-visasystemwillhelpPakistanestablishanationalanti-terrorismagency

问题5选项

A.biased

B.indifferent

C.concerned

D.pessimistic

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Manypotentialstudentsarelanguishingathome,andwillmissoutonuniversityplacesthisautumnunlesstheyreceivevisasinthenextfewdays.许多未来的留学生在家里苦苦挣扎，除非他们在接下来的几天内拿到签证，否则他们将错过今年秋天的大学入学机会。”可知B项“无法获得签证可能会迫使许多学生失去进入英国大学的资格”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段“Byinsistingthatpotentialstudentsprovetheiracademiccredentialsandshowthattheyhaveenoughmoneytosupportthemselves,theHomeOfficeintendedtodeterthosewhowereactuallycomingtoBritaintowork.英国内政部(HomeOffice)坚持要求未来的留学生提供学历证明，并证明他们有足够的钱养活自己，意在阻止那些真正来英国工作的人。”可知A项“他应该有足够的经济来源”，B项“他应该满足学校的设定的最低要求”，D项“他应该向签证官证明他来英国的目的是学习”都属于英国内政部的要求。C项“他应该提供出生证，证明他不是来自恐怖主义国家”与第二段“Ithashopedthereformswouldkeepourpotentialterrorists.它希望改革能将潜在的恐怖分子拒之门外。”不符，故答案C正确。

3.细节事实题。由第四段“WeareextremelyworriedaboutthedamagethatthiscoulddotothereputationofBritishhighereducationoverseas,我们非常担心这会对英国高等教育在海外的声誉造成损害”可知D项正确。

4.推理判断题。由最后一段“Buthisinterventionwillnothelpthisyear’sblockedstudents.Andifproblemspersist,moreforeignstudentsmayplumpforuniversitiesinAmericaorAustraliainfuture.但他的干预对今年被拒的学生没有帮助。如果问题继续存在，未来可能会有更多的外国学生选择美国或澳大利亚的大学。”可推知A项“新的签证制度将会损害英国高等教育的竞争力”。正确。B、D两项是最后一段所提到的不用推测的事实。C项与原文不符。

5.观点态度题。文中提到了英国新的留学生签证制度对英国高等教育的影响，尽管政府采取了一些措施，但这些措施已经造成了一定影响，并且如果此问题继续存在，将损害英国高等教育的竞争力。故作者对新的签证制度是比较担心的。故C项正确。

5.单选题

Thestudents______theirthankstoProfessorDavisbypresentinghimwithapartinggift.

问题1选项

A.extended

B.offered

C.expressed

D.indicated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项extend“延伸，扩大”，B项offer“提供”，C项express“表达”，D项indicate“表明，指出”。根据关键词thanks“感谢”可知，空格部分填入express符合语境。句意：学生们送给戴维斯教授一份临别礼物，以表示对他的感谢。因此，该题选择C项正确。

6.单选题

（）theyhopetogohometomorrow,theyareresignedtostayingonuntiltheendofyear.

问题1选项

A.Muchas

B.Muchthough

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：尽管他们很希望明天就回家，但他们还是决定一直待到年底。as引导让步状语从句表示尽管时，要将宾语或副词倒装，muchas表示尽管很……，因此A选项正确。

7.问答题

FishingandRights

Acidification,warming,thedestructionofcoralreefs:thebiggestproblemsfacingtheseaareasvast,deepandseeminglyintractableastheoceansthemselves.Solongastheworldfailstocutitsemissionsofgreenhousegases,causeoftheglobalwarmingbehindthesetroubles,theywillgrow.Bycomparison,overfishing,anothergreatcause,shouldbeeasiertoputright,especiallyinthecoastalwaterswheremostfishingoccurs.Andyetitgoeson,yearafteryear.

Fishermenhaveeveryreasontodosomething.Manyfisheriesarehurtlingtowardscollapse;stocksoflargefishhavebeenreducedbyupto90%.Whenstocksareoverfished,theyyieldasmallercatch.Thecostofmismanagement,inlosteconomicoutput,ishuge:some$50billionayear,accordingtotheWorldBank.

Onereasonwhythepillagecontinuesisthatknowledgeoffishstocksispoor,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Anewstatisticalattemptatestimatingtheremainingshoals,fromUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,isthereforewelcome—evenifthatisnottrueofitsfindingsthatstocksareevenmoreravagedthanpreviouslythought.Thestudyfoundthatbetterunderstoodfisheriesarelikeliertobehealthy.Anotherreasonforoverfishingisnewtechnology(developed,aptlyenough,for

battlefields),whichmakesshoalseasiertodetect.Aslargeboatsandrefrigerationhavespread,fishingfleetshavecoveredgreaterdistancesandhovereduplargercatches.Becausetechnologyletsfishermenfishwithlesseffort,itdisguisesjusthowfastthestocksaredepleting.

Fishermengenerallyunderstandtherisksofoverfishing.Yetstilltheyfloutquotas,wheretheyexist.Thatisoftenbecausetheytakeashort-termviewoftheasset—theywouldrathercashinnowandinvestthemoneyinsomethingelse.Anditisinvariablycompoundedbyacommons-despoilingfeeingthatiftheydon'tplunder,otherswill.

Inmostfisheries,thefishermenwouldmakemoremoneybyhusbandingtheirresource,anditshouldbepossibletoincentivizethemtodoso.Thebestwayistogivethemadefined,long-termrighttoashareofthefish.Inregulatedindustrialfisheries,asinIceland,NewZealandandAmerica,thishastakentheformofatradable,individualshareofafishingquota.Developingcountries,wherelawenforcementisweak,seemtodobetterwhenagrouprightoveranexpanseofwaterisgiventoacooperativeorvillagefleet.Theprincipleisthesame:fishermenwhofeellikeownersaremorelikelytobehaveasresponsiblestewards.Thenewstatisticalstudyconfirmsthatrights-basedfisheriesaregenerallyhealthier.

Yetonlyafewhundredoftheocean'sthousandsoffisheriesarerunthisway,mainlybecausesuchschemesarehardtogetright.Limitingaccesstoacommonresourcecreateslosers,andthereforediscord.Culturaldifferencesaffectsuccessrates;noteveryoneisaslaw-abidingasIcelanders.Almosteverywhereittakestimetoconvincefishermen,thelasthunter-gatherers,tochangetheirhabits.But,barnacledbycaveatsthoughitmaybe,therights-basedapproachisthebestavailable.

Inrichcountries,satelliteimagerywillincreasinglyhelp,bymakingmonitoringcheaperandbetter.Inmanypoorones,devolutionismakingiteasiertoformlocalorganizations.Anotherpromisingideaistoincorporaterights-basedfisherieswithno-catchzones.Thesesafeguardbreeding-stocksandareeasiertomonitorthanindividualcatches.Wherestocksarerecovering,asaresultofthesereforms,fishermenarelikeliertoseescientificallydeterminedquotasasintheirself-interest.Intheend,thatmaybetheonlyhope.

【答案】Inthisessay"FishingandRights",theauthorthinksthatglobalwarmingcausesacidification,warming,andthedestructionofcoralreefs.However,overfishingisanothergreatcause,andshouldbeeasiertoputright.Theoverfishingoffishermenhasleadedthestocksoflargefishtoreducelargely.

Themainreasonwhythepillagecontinuesisthatknowledgeoffishstocksispoor,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Fishermengenerallyunderstandtherisksofoverfishing,theyfloutquotas.Moreover,thefishermeninmostfisherieswouldmakemoremoneybyhusbandingtheirresource.Onlyafewhundredoftheocean'sthousandsoffisheriesarerunthisway,andbarnacledbycaveatsthoughitmaybe,therights-basedapproachisthebestavailable.Interestingly,theincorporationoftherights-basedfisherieswithno-catchzonesmaybetheonlyhope.

8.单选题

FromWillink’s（

）manner,peoplecantellthatheisofroyalbirth.

问题1选项

A.boorish

B.regal

C.rude

D.vulgar

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。boorish“粗野的；粗鲁的”；regal“王室的；庄严的；豪华的”；rude“粗鲁的；无礼的”；vulgar“粗俗的；通俗的”。句意：从威克林王室的举止来看，人们能判断他出生皇室。选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

TheATMsenablebankcustomerstoaccesstheirmoney24hoursadayandsevendaysaweek________ATMsarelocated.

问题1选项

A.wherever

B.whenever

C.however

D.whatever

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句。A选项wherever“无论何地”；B选项whenever“无论何时”；C选项“however”然而；D选项whatever“无论什么”。句意：ATM机能够让银行客户全天24小时之内取到钱（）有ATM机的地方。根据关键词located，我们可知这是要选一个关于地点的状语从句引导词，四个选项中只有A能表地点。

10.单选题

Commercialbanksmademostoftheirincomefrominterest（

）onloansand

investmentsandbonds.

问题1选项

A.earning

B.earned

C.toearn

D.wasearned

【答案】B

【解析】考查分词做定语。句意：商业银行主要从贷款、投资和债券中获得利息。这里interest是被赚，是一个被动含义，所以应该用过去分词来做后置定语。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Thecaptainoftheshipenteredthedetailsinthe（

）.

问题1选项

A.lounge

B.log

C.motel

D.shipwreck

【答案】B

【解析】lounge休息室；log航行日志,记录；motel汽车旅馆；shipwreck海难,遇难船。句意:船长把详细情况写进了航海日志。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

Itisagenerousandreceptiveintelligencethatwas（

）fromattainingitsfullscopebybadtraining,poorschoolandlackofopportunity.

问题1选项

A.foiled

B.thwarted

C.balked

D.inhabited

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。foil“阻止；挫败”；thwart“反对，阻碍”；balk“故意妨碍或阻止”；inhabit“居住于”。句意：糟糕的训练，落后的学校条件以及机会的缺失妨碍了一个慷慨乐于接受的大脑的完全开发。选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

Pictures（）withatelescopeareinverted.

问题1选项

A.taken

B.theytookthem

C.totake

D.aretaken

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词辨析。B选项“theytookthem”以及C选项“totake”表示主动语态，可排除。D选项“aretaken”成分多余，可排除。句意：用望远镜……照片是倒置的。因此答案为A选项。

14.单选题

BankofAmerica,holdingcompanyfortheSanFrancisco-basedBankofAmerica,wasonceunchallengedasthenation’sbiggestbankingorganization.Atitspeak,ithadmorebranchesinCalifornia,1,100,thantheU.S.PostalService.Itwasalsoahighlyprofitableenterprise.Butsince1980,BankofAmerica’searningshavebeendownorflat.FromMarch1985toMarch1986,forexample,earningspersharedropped50.8percent.SamuelH.Armacost,presidentandCEO,hasconfessedthathedoesn’texpectaturnaroundsoon.

SomeofBankofAmerica’soldmagicseemstohaverubbedoffonNewYork’sCitibank,perennialrivalfortopbankinghonors.Thankstoaggressivegrowthpolicies,Citicorp’sassetstoppedBankofAmerica’sforthefirsttimein1983andbyahealthymargin.Citibankhasalsobeengeneratingprofitsatafastclip,enablingittospendlavishlyoncampaignstoenternewmarkets—notablyBankofAmerica’sturfinCalifornia.

ThebadtimesBankofAmericaiscurrentlyfacingarepartlytheresultofthegoodtimesthebankenjoyedearlier.Basedinalargeandpopulousstateandoperatinginaregulatedenvironment,BankofAmericathrived.Beforederegulation,bankscouldnotcompetebyofferingsaversahigherreturn,sotheycompetedwithconvenience.Withabranchateverycrossroads,BankofAmericawasabletoattract40percentoftheCaliforniadepositmarket—asourceofhighearningswhenthelegalmaximumpayabletodepositorswasmuchlowerthantheinterestonloans.

TheprogressivederegulationofbankingforcedBankofAmericatofightforitscustomersbyofferingthemcompetitiverates.Buthowcouldthismammothbureaucracy,withitsexpensiveoverhead,offerratesasattractiveasitsloanercompetitors?PruningtheestablishmentwasforemostinthemindsofBankofAmericapolicymakers.Butcutbackshaveproceededslowly.Althoughthebankisplanningtoconsolidatebyofferingfullservicesonlyinkeybranches,sofaronlyabout40brancheshavebeenclosed.Cutbacksthroughattritionhavereducedtheworkforcefrom83,000tofewerthan73,000;wholesalelayoffs,itseems,wouldnotfitthetraditionoftheorganization.Andtheywouldintensifythemoraleproblemsthatalreadythreatentheinstitution.

26.Accordingtothepassage,NewYork’sCitibank______.

27.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforwhichBankofAmericathrived?

28.Thephrase“mammothbureaucracy”(Line2,Paragraph4)refersto______.

29.Nowthemostimportantfactorforabanktowinincompetitionseemstobe______.

30.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscan’tbedrawnfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.isadarkhorseinthefieldofbanking

B.hasbeengrowinginamoderateway

C.hasbeenmakingeffortstoconquerthemarketsofBankofAmerica

D.hasmorebranchesthanBankofAmericanow

问题2选项

A.It’sturf—Californiawasastatewithalargenumberofpopulation.

B.Theeconomicenvironmentthatwascontrolledbythegovernment.

C.Itsdepositratewashigherthanthatofotherbanks.

D.Itslargeamountofbranches.

问题3选项

A.itsexpensiveoverhead

B.itslargeamountofbranches

C.itslonghistory

D.corruptionofitsleaders

问题4选项

A.higherdepositrate

B.flexibilityofcapital

C.highbankinghonors

D.supportofthegovernment

问题5选项

A.TheU.S.PostalServicehadlessthan1,100branchesinCaliforniaafewdecadesbefore.

B.TheprofitoftheBankofAmericahasbeenreducingsincethe1980s.

C.TheprospectoftheBankofAmericaisnotquitepromising.

D.MoralproblemisalsoafactorthatleadstothedeclineoftheBankofAmerica.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】26.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据文章，纽约花旗银行……”。根据题干定位到文章第二段，由第一句SomeofBankofAmerica’soldmagicseemstohaverubbedoffonNewYork’sCitibank,perennialrivalfortopbankinghonors.（美国银行的一些古老的魔力似乎也影响到了纽约花旗银行，后者是银行业最高荣誉的常年竞争对手），从句中的perennial（常年的）一词可推断，A项“是银行领域的一匹黑马”属于曲解原文。根据最后一句Citibankhasalsobeengeneratingprofitsatafastclip,enablingittospendlavishlyoncampaignstoenternewmarketsnotablyBankofAmerica’sturfinCalifornia.（花旗银行的利润也在快速增长，这使得它能够在进入新市场的宣传活动上花费巨资，尤其是美国银行在加利福尼亚的地盘）可知，花旗银行的利润是快速增长的，所以它能在新市场进入的宣传中花费巨资，尤其是美国银行所在的市场，由此可以推断，花旗银行一直在努力进军美国银行的市场所在地，C项“一直在努力征服美国银行的市场”正确；B项“一直以温和的方式增长”属于反向干扰。D项“现在比美国银行有更多的分行”没有提到，属于无中生有。因此，该题选择C项正确。

27.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“以下哪项不是美国银行蓬勃发展的原因？”。定位文章第三段，第二句提到Basedinalargeandpopulousstateandoperatinginaregulatedenvironment,BankofAmericathrived.（美国银行总部位于一个人口众多的大州，在一个受监管的环境中运营，因而兴旺发达），可知，因为加州人口众多，以及在监管环境中运营，所以美国银行能蓬勃发展，A项“加州是一个人口众多的州”和B项“政府控制的经济环境”正确。最后一句提到Withabranchateverycrossroads,BankofAmericawasabletoattract40percentoftheCaliforniadepositmarket—asourceofhighearningswhenthelegalmaximumpayabletodepositorswasmuchlowerthantheinterestonloans.（美国银行在每个十字路口都有分支机构，因此能够吸引加州40%的存款市场，这是一个高收入来源，因为法定最高支付给储户的利息远远低于贷款利息）可知，D项“大量的分行”符合原文。而根据Beforederegulation,bankscouldnotcompetebyofferingsaversahigherreturn（在放松管制之前，银行无法通过向储户提供更高的回报来竞争）可知，C项“它的存款利率高于其他银行”是不可能的，属于反向干扰。因此，该题选择C项正确。

28.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“第4段的‘mammothbureaucracy’指的是……”。定位到第四段第二句Buthowcouldthismammothbureaucracy,withitsexpensiveoverhead,offerratesasattractiveasitsloanercompetitors?（但是，这个庞大的官僚机构，有着昂贵的管理费用，怎么能提供与其贷款竞争对手一样有吸引力的利率呢？），结合前面一句TheprogressivederegulationofbankingforcedBankofAmericatofightforitscustomersbyofferingthemcompetitiverates.（逐步放松银行业管制迫使美国银行通过提供有竞争力的利率来争取客户），以及后面一句PruningtheestablishmentwasforemostinthemindsofBankofAmericapolicymakers.（在美国银行的政策制定者的心目中，精简现有机构是最重要的）可知，即使银行业管制逐步放松，美国银行也没办法提供与其贷款竞争对手一样的利率，因为管理费用太昂贵了，而美国银行的政策制定者认为，精简现有的机构才是最首要的，所以可推断，美国银行管理费用太高是因为分行太多，所以要精简分行的数量，故mammothbureaucracy指的就是美国银行大量的分行，B项“它大量的分行”正确。A项“其昂贵的开销”这是出处错位。C项“其悠久的历史”和D项“其领导人的腐败”在该段没提到，属于无中生有。因此，该题选择B项正确。

29.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“现在，银行要想在竞争中胜出，最重要的因素似乎是……”。从第三段第三句Beforederegulation,bankscouldnotcompetebyofferingsaversahigherreturn,sotheycompetedwithconvenience.（在放松监管之前，许多银行无法通过向储户提供更高的回报来与之竞争，因此美国银行以便利竞争），以及最后一段第一句TheprogressivederegulationofbankingforcedBankofAmericatofightforitscustomersbyofferingthemcompetitiverates.（逐步放松银行业管制迫使美国银行通过提供有竞争力的利率来争取客户），可知，利率在当前竞争中是最重要的，最有竞争力的，所以A项“更高的存款利率”正确。B项“资本的灵活性”、C项“较高的银行荣誉”和D项“政府的支持”可能是因素之一，但是作者并没有提到，所以属于无中生有。因此，该题选择A项正确。

30.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“以下哪个结论不能从文章中得出？”。定位第一段第二句Atitspeak,ithadmorebranchesinCalifornia,1,100,thantheU.S.PostalService.（在鼎盛时期，它在加州有1100家分支机构，超过了美国邮政服务）可知，美国银行在加州有1100家分支机构，这超过了美国邮政服务，所以邮政服务的分支机构不到1100家，A项“几十年前，美国邮政服务在加州只有不到1100家分支机构”能够从文章推出。根据第一段第四句Butsince1980,BankofAmerica’searningshavebeendownorflat.（但自1980年以来，美国银行的收益一直在下降或持平）可知，美国银行的利润自20世纪80年代以来一直下降或者持平，B项“美国银行的利润自20世纪80年代以来一直在减少”符合原文。由第一段最后一句SamuelH.Armacost,presidentandCEO,hasconfessedthathedoesn’texpectaturnaroundsoon.（公司总裁兼首席执行官塞缪尔阿玛科斯特坦称，他预计公司不会很快好转）可知，美国银行前景还不是很可观，C项“美国银行的前景不太乐观”正确。只有D项“道德问题也是导致美国银行衰落的一个因素”中的moralproblem在文中并没有提到，所以无从得知。因此，该题选择D项正确。

15.翻译题

Heisaformerscientistwhotransitionedtoindustrymanyyearsagoandthenontoaseniormanagementposition.

【答案】他曾是一名科学家，多年前转行到工业界，然后担任高级管理职位。

16.单选题

Architecture,then,isanart,andanyartmustgiveuspleasure,orelseitisbadart,orweareabnormallyblind;weareingeneraltoohardenedand（1）toarchitectureasanart,andtothejoyitmaybringus.It'stheconstantnearness

（2）

architectureduringourentireconsciousexistencethathas

（3）

usinthisway.Weforgetthatitisanartofhereand

（4）

,becauseitiswithuseveryday,and

（5）

wemusthavehousestolivein,weareapttothinkofthem

（6）

asabidingplaces.Thereforewethinkofarchitecture

（7）

somevague,learnedthinghavingtodowithFrenchcathedralsorItalianpalacesorGreektemples,（8）

withNewYorkorChicagostreetsorLosAngelessuburbs.Thisfalsedo