考研考博-英语-亳州职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-亳州职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongascleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestsaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposesforinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveriesofonebitofinformationopenthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（）.

2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope（）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

问题2选项

A.mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

问题3选项

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturescience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

问题4选项

A.Scientistsoftheoreticalresearcharenotblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

问题5选项

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段最后一句指出:Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts)(为了尽可能简化该定义，假设科学被定义为分类知识（事实）)。因此D项“分类知识”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词theconstructionofamicroscope定位至最后一段:Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell(有些发现似乎如此简单，以至于人们惊奇地发现，它们在多年前没有被发现；然而，人们应该记住，显微镜的构造必须先于细胞的发现)。由此可知，B项“一定先于导致细胞的发现的应用科学”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第四段指出:One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposesforinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience(一种是为了满足好奇心，被称为纯科学。另一个是为了将知识用于特定目的，例如改善健康、提高生活水平或创造新的消费品。在这种情况下，知识被用于经济用途，这种方法被称为应用科学)，因此C项“纯科学”正确。

第4题:判断推理题。A:做理论研究的科学家不必为忽视其发现的应用方面而受到指责。最后一段最后一句指出:Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries(许多致力于纯科学的科学家并不为忽视他们发现的实际一面而感到抱歉)，由此可知A项正确。B:现在很少有人对科学的含义有任何概念。第一段第一句指出:Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning(科学这个词在现代是经常听到的，几乎每个人都对它的含义有一些概念)，由此可知B项错误。C:在科学领域，不难辨别虚实。第二段第一句指出:Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy(即使在真正的科学中，区分事实和虚构并不总是容易的)，因此C项错误。D:有实践头脑的人能理解纯科学的定义和目标。第五段第一句指出:Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards(有时，有实践头脑的人忽视了纯科学的意义，而只考虑即时的经济回报)，由此可知D项错误。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章第一段至第四段探讨科学的本质，最后一段探讨科学家的本质，因此A项“科学和科学家的本质”最适合做文章标题。

2.单选题

ThelegendaryislandofAtlantiswas（）bytheseaanddisappearedwithoutatrace.

问题1选项

A.emerged

B.disclosed

C.engulfed

D.whelmed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项emerge“显现，浮现”；B选项disclose“公开，揭露”；C选项engulfed“吞没，席卷，卷入”；D选项whelmed“淹没，用……覆盖”，句意：传说中的亚特兰蒂斯岛被大海吞没，消失得无影无踪。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

3.问答题

ThedropinthepriceofBrentcrudefromahighofmorethan$115abarrelinJunetolessthan

A

$60earlierthismonthhasputextramoneyintoconsumer’spocketsandboosted

B

C

fuel-intensivebusinesses,whilecuttingoilcompanies’revenuesandstokingfinancialcrisesin

D

oil-producingcountriesincludingRussiaandVenezuela.

【答案】试题答案：C;consumers’

【解析】考查名词所有格。根据语义可知此处的消费者不止一个，以s结尾的复数名词的所有格直接加“'”，consumers’意为“消费者的”。

4.翻译题

静下来想想，我这样一个出身贫寒、经历坎坷的人，居然能活到92岁，实在有点奇怪。过了80岁，经常有人问我，有什么养生之道。我不仅不懂得养生，而且还有一些不好的习惯。

我性急图快，走路快，下笔快，吃饭更快，简直是狼吞虎咽，因此，得了胃病。医生治好了我的病，但没有治好我的习惯。

【答案】WhenIthinkaboutit,it’salittlestrangethatsomeonewhocamefromsuchapoorbackgroundandhasbeenthroughsomanyhardshipsshouldhavelivedtobe92.WhenIwas80yearsold,Iwasoftenaskedforadviceonhowtokeepfit.Inotonlydon’tknowhowtokeepingoodhealth,butalsohavesomebadhabits.

Iwasquicktowalk,quicktowrite,evenfastertoeat,justwolfeddown,soIgotstomachtrouble.Thedoctorcuredmeofthedisease,butnotofmyhabit.

5.单选题

AfricaandSouthAmericanaremovingawayfromeachotherasnewmaterialis（）intothefloorbetweenthem.

问题1选项

A.dejected

B.ejected

C.injected

D.projected

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deject“使……沮丧；使……灰心”；B选项eject“喷射；驱逐，逐出”；C选项inject“注入；注射”；D选项project“计划；发射；放映”。句意：随着新材料被注入到非洲和南美之间的地板上，它们正在相互远离，因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

TheshuttleColumbiawasdoomedinpartbecauseNASAreliedonflawedcomputersimulationsandmathematicalformulasthatfailedtoaccuratelypredictdamagetotheshuttlefromflyingpiecesoffoam,documentsreleasedbythespaceagencyandthegroupinvestigatingtheaccidentshow.

NuclearandaviationindustrysafetyexpertswhoarefamiliarwiththesortsofanalysesNASAusedsayspaceagencyofficialswerewrongtorelyonthesimulationstogaugerisks.Instead,theexpertssay,theyshouldhaveperformedtestsonshuttlecomponentstodeterminethedamagethatfoamfromthefueltankmightdotoitswing.

Thesesimulationsandformulassomedonebeforethelaunch,othersdoneduringthemissionoftenwerebasedonerroneousassumptionsabouttheabilityoftheshuttletowithstanddamage.NASAmanagersassumeditwassafeforColumbiatoreturntoEartheventhoughfoamhadstruckthewing.

Thefoamhittheleftwing82secondsafterliftoffandbrokethroughoneofthecarbonpanelsdesignedtoprotectthewingsfromtheintenseheatofre-entry.Columbiabrokeapartasitre-enteredEarth’satmosphereonFeb.1.Allsevenastronautswerekilled.

Today,theColumbiaAccidentInvestigationBoardWillissueitsfindingsonwhatcausedtheaccident.Inadditiontodetailinghowtheblowfromthefoamledtothebreak-up,theboardwilldocumenthowdecisionsbyNASAmanagersunderestimatedtheperilColumbiafacedandhowtheyignoredwarnings,accordingtopreviouspublicstatementsfromboardmembers.

Theindependentboard’sreportalsoisexpectedtofindthattheNASAsafetyofficewasineffectiveandunderfunded.

AmongtheareastobediscussedisNASA’srelianceoncomputersimulationsandmathematicalmodels.Beforethemission—andagainafterfuzzyphotosshowedthefoamhadhitColumbia’swing-simulationsandotheranalysesledtopoordecisionsbyNASAmanagers,documentsshow.ThesimulationsappeartohaveblindedthemtodangersignalsaboutfoamonearlierflightsandledthemtodramaticallyunderestimatethethreattoColumbia.Theindependentboard’sreportalsoisexpectedtofindthattheNASAsafetyofficewasineffectiveandunderfunded.

Inonecase,duringtheColumbiamission,atleast75shuttleexpertswithNASAanditscontractorsweresoconcernedaboutthepoorqualityofdatainananalysistheywerepreparingthattheyrecommendedtakingphotosoftheshuttleinspace,sourcessay.Thosephotoscouldhaveshownwhetherfoamhaddamagedtheleftwing.

Instead,NASAmanagerstrustedtheanalysisthattheexpertssaidwassoflawed.Theanalysiswronglyestimatedwherethefoamhitandconcludedthattheshuttlehadnotsustainedsignificantdamage.HadNASAknowntheextentofthedamage,theagencymighthavelaunchedarescuemissiontotrytosaveColumbia’screw.

EngineersconnectedtotheanalysissaytheyareangryandpuzzledthatNASAwouldnotseekphotosfromsatellitesortelescopes.NASAmanagerssaytheywerenottoldofthelimitationsoncomputersimulationsandanalyses.

Bynecessity,NASAreliesheavilyoncomputermodelsandotheranalysistoolstoprovidecluesaboutwhathappenstotheshuttlefromlaunchuntilre-entry.Itcannoteasilyrecreatetheextremetemperaturesofspaceinalab.Usedproperly,suchanalysescanimprovesafety.Indeed,analysistechniquesroutinelyhelpdesignsaferjetwingsandnuclearplants.

Butsafetyexpertsinhigh-riskindustriessaythey’velearnedthehardwaymathematicalformulasandcomputersimulationscannotfullymimicnature.SeveralmajoraviationcrashesandtheThreeMileIslandnuclearaccidentwerecausedbypooranalyses,expertssay.

“Youneedtotakeintoaccounttheuncertainties”saysElizabethPate-Cornell,chairmanofthemanagementsciencesandengineeringdepartmentatStanfordUniversity.“It’stheoldstory:garbagein,garbageout.”

AsColumbiaorbited,engineerserroneouslyconcludedthefoamcouldnotdamagethewing’scarbonpanels.Theanalysiswasbasedonearliertestsofsmallicepelletshittingthepanels.Butthosetestscouldnotpredictwhetheralargechunkoffoamwouldcausedamage.

AcomputerprogramknownasCrater,whichengineersusedtopredictwhetherthefoamdamagedtheceramictilesbeneathColumbia’swing,hadnotbeendesignedtoaccountforimpactsfromlargepiecesoffoam.

1.Nuclearandaviationsafetyexperts（）.

2.Intheauthorsopinion,NASAmanagers（）.

3.TheColumbiaAccidentInvestigationBoardwillissueitsfindingswithregardtothefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.NASAmanagersmadepoordecisionsbecausetheydidNOT（）.

5.Safetyexpertsinhigh-riskindustriesindicatethatcomputersimulations（）.

问题1选项

A.knowverywellthesortsofanalysesmadebyNASAmanagers

B.indicatethatspaceagencyofficialsreliedonthewronganalyses

C.believethatspaceagencyofficialsshouldhavemademoresimulations

D.stronglycriticizespaceagencyofficialsforbeingunscrupulous

问题2选项

A.madewronghypothesisconclusionsaboutthesafetyofColumbia

B.infactknewclearlywhatkindofdangerColumbiawouldface

C.feltitdifficulttopredictwhatmighthappentoColumbiaasitreturnedtoEarth

D.didnotrealizethattheleftwingofColumbiawashitbythefoamafterliftoff

问题3选项

A.whytheshuttlebrokeapartasitreturnedtoEarth

B.howthefoamhittingtheleftwingcausedtheaccident

C.howdecisionsbyNASAmanagersweremade

D.howNASAmanagersmisunderstooddangersignals

问题4选项

A.getallthefindingsofdataanalyses

B.knowtheshuttlehadsignificantdamage

C.getalongwellwithshuttleexpert

D.trusttheanalysisproducedbysimulation

问题5选项

A.arenotreliableatall

B.yieldedpooranalyses

C.haveseverelimitations

D.shouldbeabandoned

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第二段第一句话“NuclearandaviationindustrysafetyexpertswhoarefamiliarwiththesortsofanalysesNASAusedsayspaceagencyofficialswerewrongtorelyonthesimulationstogaugerisks.（熟悉NASA使用的分析的核能和航空安全专家说，航天局官员错误地依赖模拟来衡量风险。）”。A选项“非常了解NASA管理人员所做的各种分析”文中没有提到；B选项“指出太空总署官员依赖错误的分析”正确；C选项“认为太空总署的官员应该做更多的模拟”没有直接在文中明说；D选项“强烈批评航天局官员的肆无忌惮”文中没有提到，因此B选项正确。

2.作者意图题。由题干可定位到第三段第一句话“Thesesimulationsandformulassomedonebeforethelaunch,othersdoneduringthemissionoftenwerebasedonerroneousassumptionsabouttheabilityoftheshuttletowithstanddamage.（这些模拟和公式，有些是在发射前完成的，而在任务期间所做的其他模拟和公式往往是基于对航天飞机承受损害能力的错误假设。）”。A选项“对哥伦比亚号的安全性做出错误的假设结论”正确；B选项“事实上很清楚哥伦比亚将面临什么样的危险”说法错误，管理人员低估了自己的错误对哥伦比亚号造成的危险；C选项“觉得很难预测哥伦比亚号返回地球时会发生什么”说法错误，管理人员觉得哥伦比亚号能安全返回地球；D选项“没有意识到哥伦比亚号的左翼在升空后被泡沫击中”说法错误，管理人员预测到了，只是他们错误地评估了航天飞机的承伤能力，因此A选项正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干定位到文中第五段“Today,theColumbiaAccidentInvestigationBoardWillissueitsfindingsonwhatcausedtheaccident.Inadditiontodetailinghowtheblowfromthefoamledtothebreak-up,theboardwilldocumenthowdecisionsbyNASAmanagersunderestimatedtheperilColumbiafacedandhowtheyignoredwarnings,accordingtopreviouspublicstatementsfromboardmembers.（今天，哥伦比亚事故调查委员会将发布事故原因的调查结果。根据此前董事会成员公开声明，除了详细说明泡沫的打击如何导致分解外，委员会还将记录NASA管理人员如何低估哥伦比亚面临的危险以及他们如何忽视警告。）”。A选项“为什么航天飞机在返回地球时分裂了”；B选项“泡沫是如何撞击左翼造成事故的”；C选项“NASA管理者是如何做出决定的”都在文中提到过，只有D选项“NASA管理者如何误解危险信号”没有提到，因此D选项正确。

4.判断推理题。由题干可定位到文中第八、九段。文中说到安全专家非常担心他们准备的分析数据的质量太低，他们建议在太空中给航天飞机拍照，然而管理人员相信自己的实验数据，所以引发了事故。A选项“得到所有数据分析的结果”；B选项“知道航天飞机有严重的损坏”；C选项“与航天飞机专家相处融洽”都不符合原文，D选项“相信模拟产生的分析”正确，因此D选项正确。

5.判断推理题。由题干可定位到文中第十段“NASAmanagerssaytheywerenottoldofthelimitationsoncomputersimulationsandanalyses.（美国宇航局的管理人员说，他们没有被告知计算机模拟和分析的局限性。）”和第十二段“Butsafetyexpertsinhigh-riskindustriessaythey’velearnedthehardwaymathematicalformulasandcomputersimulationscannotfullymimicnature.（但高风险行业的安全专家说，他们已经学到了数学公式和计算机模拟无法完全模拟自然的艰难方法。）”。由此可知计算机模拟无法完全模拟自然危险，因此具有局限性。A选项“完全不可靠”；B选项“产生不良分析”和D选项“应该被废弃”都不正确，C选项“有严重的局限性”符合题意，因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Weareinaglobalhealthcrisis,anditgrowsworsebytheyear,astheWorldHealthOrganizationhaswarnedthatby2030almosthalftheworld'spopulationwillbeoverweightorobeseifcurrenttrendscontinue.Therearealready124millionobesechildren,amorethantenfoldincreaseinfourdecades,andmorethanamillionoftheseliveintheUK,whichhastheworstobesityratesinwesternEurope.Fourinfivewillgrowuptobeobeseadults;andtheleaderoftheUK'spaediatricbodywarnsthatthiswillcostthem10to20yearsofhealthylife.

Thisisasocialproblem,bothincauseandconsequence,asconcurredbySimonStevens,thechiefexecutiveoftheUK'sNationalHealthService,whosecautioningthatobesitycouldbankruptthehealthservicecomesacrossastheplacard-wieldingstanceofaroadsideprophetofdoom—yetthegovernment'sresponsehasbeenasmodestandinadequateasthesefiguresareshocking.Medicalexpertsdescribeitschildhoodobesitystrategyasweak,embarrassingandeveninsulting.Thoughitinheritedataxonsugarydrinks,itrowedbackfromrestrictionsonprice-cuttingpromotionsandjunkfoodmarketingoradvertising,leavingitsstrategytorelyheavilyonmeasuressuchasschoolactivityprogrammes.

Campaignershadwarnedthatwouldnotbeenough;nowresearchprovestheywereright-evenwhensuchinitiativestacklebothdietandexercise,andmakeeffortstoreachouttofamilies.ChildreninschoolsinEngland'sWestMidlandsweregivenayearofextraphysicalactivitysessions,ahealthyeatingprogrammeandcookeryworkshopswiththeirparents,allofwhichfailedtohaveanysignificanteffectonchildren'sweight.

Thecausesoftheobesityepidemicaremultipleandcomplex,asthelandmarkForesightreportproducedoveradecadeagounderscored:weliveinanobesogenicenvironment,andsomemoresothanothers(morethantwiceasmanychildrenindeprivedareasareobeseasinaffluentareas).TVsandsmartphonesinbedroomsandrelianceoncarsplaytheirpart;sotoodofooddeserts,wherefruitandvegetablesareexpensiveorinaccessible,whichleavesthemoreeconomicallystrappedsectorofthepopulationchoosingtofillahungrychildwithdonutsratherthanapples.

Butonefactorleapsout:greed.TheproblemisnotgluttonybyagenerationofAugustusGloopsbuttheavariceoftheWillyWonkaswhopressjunkfoodonconsumers,thenprofesssurpriseattheresults.Thetacticsofbigfoodare,astheglobalhealthorganisationVitalStrategiespointsoutinitsreportFoolMeTwice,strikinglysimilartothoseofbigtobaccoovertheyears.Butbigfoodhastheadvantagethateveryoneneedstoeat,whilenooneneedstosmoke,andthatabiscuitdoesnotdamagehealthasacigarettedoes,obesitynotwithstanding.Thus,thesecompaniestellusthatweshouldnotrestrictindividualfreedom;thatitisuptopeopletoshowself-discipline;andthattheirproductsarefineasoccasionalindulgences-nevermindthattheypresentfamily-sizepacksasiftheyaresuitableforindividuals,northathighlyprocessedfoods,packedwithsaltandsugar,tendtobecheapertoproduce,storeanddeliver—aswellasbeinghabit-forming.

Othercountrieshavebeenfarbolderintacklingtheindustry,insteadofrelyingonvoluntaryaction.InLatinAmerica,governmentshaveforcedcompaniestoremovecartooncharacters-naturallyaninstantappealtoyoungchildren—fromcerealboxes,imposedjunkfoodtaxesandorderedschooltuckshopstoreplacehigh-salt/sugarproductswithfruitandvegetables.Tougherrulesreshapeconsumerperceptionsanddecisionsandindoingso,theycanalsopushcompaniesintochangingproducts.

Abanonjunkfoodadvertisingbeforethe9p.m.watershedislongoverdue.Itshouldbesupplementedbyabanonpromotionsandpricecutsfor“sharing”bagsofchocolates,asActiononSugarurgedlastmonth,andthesugartaxondrinkscouldbeextendedtofoodproducts,withtherevenuechannelledintoinitiativesmakingfreshproducemoreaffordableandattractivetoconsumers.Thegovernment'sfailuretoforcechangemeansthattherestofuswillpaytheprice—inillhealthandhighertaxes—asbigfoodrakesintheprofits.

1.Findingsandstudiesdemonstratethat（

）.

2.Whodoestheauthorbelievetobeprimarilyresponsibleforfailingtostopobesity?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTinferredinthepassage

（

）.

4.Which"chainofevents"isindicatedinthepassage?

5.Companypolicytomanufacturefamily-sizepacksofunhealthyfoodwhilestatingthatitistheconsumerwhoisresponsibleforlimitingwhattheyeatisanexampleof（

）.

问题1选项

A.theobesityproblemislargelyaEuropeanone

B.unhealthychildrenhaveunhealthyparents

C.therearemoreobesechildreninlowersocio-economicareas

D.peoplenowaredyingyounger

问题2选项

A.Parents.

B.Advertisers.

C.Government.

D.Manufacturers.

问题3选项

A.therearemoreobesechildrenthanadults

B.obesitywilldrainfundsfromgovernmentresources

C.corporationsdonotcareaboutobesity

D.lackofphysicalactivitycontributestoobesity

问题4选项

A.Newgovernmentlawsconsumersbuydifferentitemsmanufacturerschangeproducts.

B.Manufacturersincreasesugarcontentmorechildrenbuyproductslifespanisshortened.

C.Regularexerciseprogramlearningtocookownfoodreductioninobesity.

D.Televisionadvertisingisregulatedmanufacturersloserevenueproductcostsdecrease.

问题5选项

A.analogy

B.rhetoric

C.hypocrisy

D.sophistry

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。文章第四段第二句提到weliveinanobesogenicenvironment,andsomemoresothanothers(morethantwiceasmanychildrenindeprivedareasareobeseasinaffluentareas)贫困地区的肥胖人数是富裕地区的两倍，选项C“经济不发达地区的肥胖人数更多”符合题意。

第2题:2.推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到其他国家的政府采取措施强制广告商、生产商对那些容易发胖的食物进行改良，比如拉美的一些国家。文章最后一段提到，如果政府不采取措施制止，最后买单的还是民众。由此可知，之所以在阻止肥胖上没有成功，是政府没有采取相应的措施。选项C符合题意。

第3题:3.判断推理题。文章第二段第一句话提到thechiefexecutiveoftheUK'sNationalHealthService,whosecautioningthatobesitycouldbankruptthehealthservice肥胖问题会使得医疗服务破产，因此选项B可以排除；文章第五段提到一些食品公司用各种手段吸引消费者，并没有考虑食物是否会导致他们肥胖，因此选项C可以排除；文章第三段提到ChildreninschoolsinEngland'sWestMidlandsweregivenayearofextraphysicalactivitysessions学校为学生们增加了一年的体育锻炼课程，说明缺乏运动也是导致肥胖的一个原因，因此选项D可以排除。综上，选项A符合题意。

第4题:4.判断推理题。文章最后一段提到禁止在早上九点之前播放垃圾食品广告这个方法已经过时，而是应该对那些含糖分高的垃圾食品从推广到税收都采取相关措施。如果政府在这些方面无法调控的话，最终买单的是民众——健康受损，税也要纳更多。选项A“新政策实施；消费者购买东西的种类增加；生产商改变生产”符合题意。

第5题:5.判断推理题。文章第五段后半部分提到那些食品公司一方面说食物摄取的多少看个人自律程度，另一方面又将包装家庭分量的食物卖给个人，也不管这些食物是高盐，高糖分（Thus,thesecompaniestellusthatweshouldnotrestrictindividualfreedom;thatitisuptopeopletoshowself-discipline;andthattheirproductsarefineasoccasionalindulgences-nevermindthattheypresentfamily-sizepacksasiftheyaresuitableforindividuals,northathighlyprocessedfoods,packedwithsaltandsugar,tendtobecheapertoproduce,storeanddeliver-aswellasbeinghabit-forming）。由此可知，这是在诡辩。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Caresshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneis（

）loudcontinuousnoise.

问题1选项

A.associatedwith

B.subjectedto

C.filledwith

D.attachedto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。beassociatedwith意为“与……联系”；besubjectedto意为“受到，被……折磨”；befilledwith意为“充满，装满”；beattachedto意为“附属于，喜爱”。

句意：应注意缩短人们遭受持续噪声的时间长度。

9.单选题

YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeeting（）youdon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.

问题1选项

A.provided

B.unless

C.though

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考査连词。provided假如,

倘若；unless除非,

如果不；though虽然,

尽管；until直到。句意：如果你不介意做晚上的火车的话，你可以提前抵达北京开会。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

Ididn’treadtheblurb;I（）straightintothefirstchapter.

问题1选项

A.dived

B.ran

C.plunged

D.read

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项diveinto“迅速把手伸入；投入；一心投入；跳入（指的是跳水标准动作，运动员的那种头朝下的）”；B选项runinto“遭遇，陷入；撞上，撞到；偶然遇见”；C选项plungeinto“投入；跳入（主要指暴力一些的进入，比如车失控冲进水里；人郁闷地把头埋进冷水盆里）；突然或仓促地开始某事；猛冲；使突然陷入；纵身投入”；D选项readinto“曲解；加上另外的意思于；隐藏某种意义”。句意：我没有读简介，直接仓促地开始读第一章。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Theyoungemployeehasa(n)（）quality—heistotallyhonest.

问题1选项

A.respectable

B.admirable

C.decent

D.approachable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respectable“值得尊敬的人；相当数量的”；B选项admirable“令人钦佩的；极好的；值得赞扬的”；C选项decent“正派的；得体的；相当好的”；D选项approachable“亲切友善的；易理解的；可接近的”。句意：这个年轻的雇员有一个……品质——他完全诚实。虽然respectable和admirable都是褒义词，但均带有仰视的含义，而本题提及的是一个youngemployee具有的品质，不需要仰视，就用C选项decent修饰足以。

12.单选题

Meetingyourfamily’snutritionalneedsmayseemdifficultconsideringtoday’sbusylifestyles.Butitdoesn’thaveto（1）.Evenanewemphasis（2）morefruitsandvegetablesdoesn’tnecessarily（3）morepreparationtimeifyoutake（4）oftheconvenienceofcannedfoods.

Whenyouopena（5）offruitorvegetableathomeyouhaveathandfresh-packednutritionalproduct,withnoman-madeingredient,nopreservatives.Andalltheworkhasbeen（6）foryou:slicing,thepeeling,（7）cooking.Cannedfruitsandvegetablesleaveyouthe（8）tobecreative.Andwiththevarietyoffruitsandvegetablesavailablethesedays,youcanservedifferentcombinationscreatenewdishes,and（9）newtastestooldrecipescannedfoodsare（10）well.AunitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureareNationalFoodAssociationco-sponsoredstudyshowscannedvegetablestobejustas（11）asfreshorfrozen.Becausecannedvegetablesareprocessedwithinhoursof（12）packed,theygenerallyretain70to90（13）oftheirnutrients.

Fruitsandvegetablescanningisassimple（14）whenyourgrandmother“putup”tomatoesandotherthingsfromthegarden.Freshproduceistakenfromthefieldatjusttherighttime,deliveredtothecannery,checked,washed,sealed,andsterilized.All（15）,generallyhappensinless（16）24hoursto（17）thebestqualityandnutritionalvaluewithouttheneedforanypreservatives.

Usetheliquidsthatvegetablesarecanned（18）asasubstitute（19）waterinrecipestogetthatlastdropofgoodnutrition.Mostmajorbrandsofcannedfruitsandvegetablesincludednutritionalcontentandingredientstatementsontheir（20）.Thisespeciallyimportanttothoseoncalories-consciousorrestricted.

问题1选项

A.do

B.be

C.seem

D.need

问题2选项

A.on

B.to

C.about

D.above

问题3选项

A.need

B.mean

C.spend

D.want

问题4选项

A.care

B.use

C.trouble

D.advantage

问题5选项

A.bowl

B.bottle

C.can

D.box

问题6选项

A.done

B.do

C.doing

D.does

问题7选项

A.the

B.a

C.with

D.without

问题8选项

A.need

B.time

C.food

D.job

问题9选项

A.increase

B.delete

C.put

D.add

问题10选项

A.too

B.as

C.just

D.very

问题11选项

A.good

B.bad

C.better

D.worse

问题12选项

A.to

B.be

C.being

D.been

问题13选项

A.times

B.rate

C.kilogram

D.percent

问题14选项

A.as

B.than

C.to

D.same

问题15选项

A.this

B.about

C.together

D.thing

问题16选项

A.to

B.than

C.about

D.around

问题17选项

A.ensure

B.remain

C.make

D.produce

问题18选项

A.at

B.in

C.into

D.inside

问题19选项

A.of

B.about

C.for

D.to

问题20选项

A.papers

B.names

C.brands

D.labels

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:D

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:D

第14题:A

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:B

第19题:C

第20题:D

【解析】1.考查动词辨析。A选项do“做”；B选项be“是，成为”；C选项seem“看起来像，似乎”；D选项need“需要”。句意：考虑到当今忙碌的生活方式，满足家庭的营养需求似乎很难。但这并不（）必须的。前面主要动词部分为mayseemdifficult，空处所在句是省略句。其次，seem是系动词，重复时以be代替，故完整句子应为itdoesn’thavetobedifficult，因此B选项符合题意。

2.考查介词辨析。A选项on“在……上”；B选项to“朝，位于”；C选项about“有关，关于”；D选项above“超过，多于”。句意：即使新的重点是更多的水果和蔬菜。这里考查了固定搭配，emphasis后面常跟on表示强调某一方面，因此A选项符合题意。

3.考查动词辨析。A选项need“需要”；B选项mean“意味着”；