专题13人物传记故事类三年高考(20162018)英语试题分项解析(解析)

专题13人物传记、故事类-三年高考(2016-2018)英语试题分项版解析(解析版)专题13人物传记、故事类-三年高考(2016-2018)英语试题分项版解析(解析版)专题13人物传记、故事类-三年高考(2016-2018)英语试题分项版解析(解析版)2018年高考题A【2018·浙江卷】In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（识字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostlookedpart,wereuponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—Removinghimfromthepantheon

wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butitthatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchasingularwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.21.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.22.DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.A.hisreputationinFranceB.hisinterestinmodernartC.hissuccessinpublicationD.hisimportanceinliterature23.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Torememberagreatwriter.B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.【答案】21.C【解析】本文写于

22.D23.ACharlesDickens

诞辰

200周年前夕，介绍了

CharlesDickens

在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。22.推理判断题。依照第二段Dickens’greatnessisunchallenged.CharlesDickens小说的影响可知，和列举的把他和MonaLisa对照是为了说明CharlesDickens在英国小说方面的重要性和MonaLisa在绘画方面的重要性是相同的，应选D。23.写作妄图题。依照文中对CharlesDickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描述，和文章最后Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.可知本文是写于CharlesDickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。应选A。【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，进而获取文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是经过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和看法。本文推理判断题的考法：1.推断文章的看法或结论。小题1要求判断18世纪英国小说的现状，依照第一段对当时情况的描述nobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracyrateinEnglandwasunder50%.Novels,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.可知当时印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，小说被以为是笨拙的不正常的，毫无价值可言。2.推断作者写作目的或妄图。小题

3判断本文的写作目的，依照文中对

CharlesDickens

及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描述，和文章最后

Butasthe200thanniversaryof

hisbirth

approaches,itispossible

—

andimportantforourownculture

—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.可知本文是写于

CharlesDickens诞辰

200周年前夕，由此推断作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。学科

@网B【2018·天津卷】WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,"Doyouhavetheaddress?""No,butI'llrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine.""Oh,stop.Thereitis!”Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus."MayIhelpyou?"amanasked."No,"Isaid."We'refine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytlongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(爱窥探的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme."Wheredoyouthinkyouare?"heasked.Iturnedsharply."TheMcNayArtMuseum!"Hesmiled,shakinghishead."Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.""Whatplace?”Iasked,stillconfused."Well,it'sourhome."Myheartjolted(震颤).Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,"Sally!Comedownimmediately!""There'ssomereallygoodstuff(艺术作品)upthere."Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,"Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace."Outside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn'tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Picasso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace."Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?""Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone.""Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I'vealwayswantedtothankyou."WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?A.Shewasapainter.B.Shewasacommunityleader.C.Shewasamuseumdirector.D.Shewasajournalist.Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?A.Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.B.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.C.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.43.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.C.Frightened.D.Delighted.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.C.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.【答案】

41.A

42.D

43.A

44.D

45.C【解析】本文是一篇记述文。文章作者和朋友原想参观

McNay

博物馆，到了此后参观的时候，发现好多人奇怪的看着她，最后才发现自己误将一个个人住处看作

McNay

博物馆。

30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己住处的作者，指出正是由于作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。41.细节理解题。依照文章第一段WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.可知，MarianMcNay是一名水彩画家。应选A。42.细节理解题。依照文章第四段"MayIhelpyou?"amanasked."No,"Isaid."We'refine.Tourguidesgoton”mynerves.可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误以为房子里的男人是位导游。应选D。43.推理判断题。依照文章第四段Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(爱窥探的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?（大厅的人看起来都特别爱窥探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看着我。他们有什么问题？）能够推断出，作者当时感觉疑惑不解。应选A。【点睛】本文是叙事性的文章，文章有必然的兴趣性，整体难度中等，观察主要以细节理解和推理判断两类题型。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依照作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够显现作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，尔后利用自己已获取的有关知识进行推理判断，进而得出吻合逻辑的结论。如小题

3中观察作者被人盯着看的感觉，我们需要找到文章中作者的措词

nosy，curiosity

和problem，能够推断出作者当时特别疑惑不解的心理感觉。A【2018·北京卷】MyFirstMarathon

（马拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn

’tdoeitherwell.Helaterinformedmethat＂notIwathletics＂.TheideathatIwas＂notathletic＂stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldnnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.

’tevenfindthefinishline.IwokendupsweatingaShortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:＂GOFORIT,RUNNERS!＂Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,IgotthesamemedalastheDeterminedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa＂marathonwinner＂.36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor____________.A.waswelltrainedB.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorunD.losthopeWhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.Toshareapreciousmemory.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.C2[2018?北京卷]A【要点综述】本文是一篇故事类文章。作者记述了没有运动天赋的他，在20多岁才开始长跑，但是一次在赛马拉松比赛前夕踝关节受伤，但他百折不挠，最后实现了自我的故事。36.C细节理解题。依照文章第一段中的“Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead可知，作者”在马拉松前一个月下定信心要参加马拉松比赛。应选C。37.C写作妄图题。依照文章第二段中的“HelaterinformedmethatIwas"notathletic可知，作者的经””历证明他在运动方面其实不是很有天赋。应选C。38.A细节理解题。依照文章倒数第二段“Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.以”及前文中作者行进经过的标志可知，诚然作者是最后到达终点的一批马拉松选手，但是他跑完了全程。应选A。39.B主旨马虎题。依照文章最后一段“Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner

可知，作者”享受.”到了战胜自我的快乐，以为只要努力了就算是成功者。应选

B。2017年高考题人物传记类C1[2017浙·江卷6月考]ABenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat'slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,MrPennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747，whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold，MrPenningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity,MrPenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(

风景)painting.WilliamWilliams,awell-knownpainter，cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid，“Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks，theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.21．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.B.Williams'influenceonBenjamin.C.ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.D.ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.22．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3suggest?A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.23．WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A.Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B.Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C.HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D.Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.24．Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto________．A.mastertheuseofpaintsB.appreciatelandscapepaintingsC.gettoknowotherpaintersD.makeuphismindtobeapainter【文章马虎】本文是一篇人物介绍类的记述文，主要表达了美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特小时候绘画天赋的培养和他在6至9岁时碰到的艺术启迪教育。21.C主旨马虎题。依照文章第一段首句“BenjaminWestshowedhistalentforartwhen”，以及下文第四段首句提到的“In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold”和最后一段内容及最后一句“boydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”，并结合全文可知，文章主要表达了BenjaminWest(本杰明·韦斯特)少年时代的艺术启迪，特别是6～9岁阶段，因此C项能概括全文马虎。D句意理解题。该句需要结合上下文来理解。依照上文第二段提到本杰明剪猫的毛来制作画笔，以致猫的“毁毛破相”，而第三段提到本杰明的堂兄Pennington给他送来了好多画画的颜料和画笔。由此我们能够推断，该下划线句子内容说明“猫的命运不久将获取改进”，而这一点能够从本杰明获取了好多画笔资助推断出来。故这句话隐含着“本杰明将很快不再需要用猫的毛制作画笔了，他将获取好多真切的画笔”的意思，答案选D项。【名师点睛】本文后两个小题观察了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意消除搅乱项。如【小题

23】中的

D项“Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings”属于“偷梁换柱”类搅乱项，依照第三段第五句“Healsosentsixengravingsbyanartist”可知“这些版画是Pennington送给Benjamin的”，其实不是是Pennington教Benjamin怎样画版画，说明D项明显错误。搅乱项的设置方法平时有以下几种方式：张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的看法与别人的看法混淆起来，题干问的是作者的看法，选项中出现的倒是别人的看法；或许题干问的是别人的看法，却把作者的看法放到选项中去。偷梁换柱。搅乱项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。招惹是非。搅乱项经常是生活的基本知识和宽泛接受的看法，但在原文中并没有有关的信息支持点，这类选项的设置经常与问题的设问绝不有关。以偏概全。考生在做猜想文章中心思想、给文章增加标题或判断推理题时，经常会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思想定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其详细表现为合理关系与不合理关系、正确概括与不正确概括之间的错位。不合理关系就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，经常是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不正确概括是指不能够正确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。学科&网考点：观察记述文阅读故事类[2017·京卷北]AItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm.Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered(发抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn'tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground.

“Paris'seyesrolledback，”

Taylorsays.

“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirst,noonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR？”CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson'schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygen,thebrainisdamagedquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn'tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.

“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath，”saysTaylor.Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice(withthem:Paris'sheartbeatreturned.

器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayed“IknowIwasreallylucky，”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon'tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.ExpertssayParisisright:forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.

”Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.

“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow

，”

Taylorsays.

“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.56．WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A．Shecaughtabadcold.B．Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C．Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D．Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice.57．WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A．Shemadeaworthyfriend.B．Sherecoveredfromshock.C．ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D．Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.58．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A．Enthusiasticandkind.B．Courageousandcalm.C．Cooperativeandgenerous.D．Ambitiousandprofessional.【文章马虎】本文是一篇记述文，表达了垒球女孩Paris在打球的过程中突然心力衰竭，队友Taylor对其进行了紧急心肺复苏，Paris因此恢复了心跳的故事。文章旨在说明病人心力衰竭时，其别人保持沉稳并对其进行紧急心肺复苏的重要性。56．B细节理解题。依照第三段中“Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.”可知，Paris突然心力衰竭，因此答案为B。57．C推理判断题。依照第六段可知队友的协助使Paris获取了及时的营救，因此Paris说自己很好运。故答案为C。58．B推理判断题。依照第五段中“Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.”可知Taylor特其他勇敢，以及第六段首句“Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.”可知，Taylor是一个勇敢、沉稳的女孩，因此答案为B。【名师点睛】故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选资料之一。这类文章常经过表达突出人物性格特点或表达个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地址、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线表达的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是准时间的序次表达的，有正叙、倒叙等。解题技巧：1、高考采用的此类文章经常为幽默类或感情类故事，其目的或说明某种看法，或抨击某种陋习，或赞美某种道德，因此要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人建议，或故事中出乎意外的变化，而这些经常体现文章中心或写作妄图，属于必考点。这样题中的第

58题，总结人物质量的，

Taylor

依照自己所学的

CPR知识及时的挽救了

Paris

的生命，诚然迟疑了，但是很快地进行

CPR

抢救，说明她很勇敢，很沉着，不慌不忙，不像其他孩子那样坠入慌乱之中，应选B。2、该类文章语言流畅、幽默，命题经常从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的妄图和态度、故事的前因和结果等方面下手，观察学生对细节的辨别能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己迅速阅读的习惯。切不能在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。3、对整篇短文内容有了必然的认识后，要立刻看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。比方：若是问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；若是问题或选项波及时间、日期、数字，就应该搜寻详细的数据。[2017·国卷Ⅰ全]BIworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(猫头鹰)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.Iexaminedthechick(雏鸟)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnighttobesure，butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCH！Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.24．Whatisunavoidableintheauthor'srescueworkaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Effortsmadeinvain.B．Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C．Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D．Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.25．WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?A．Torescueawoman.B．Totakecareofawoman.C．Tolookatababyowl.D．Tocureayoungowl.26．Whatmadethechickcalmdown?A．Anewnest.B．Somefood.C．Arecording.D．Itsparents.27．Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A．It'sunexpected.B．It'sbeautiful.C．It'shumorous.D．It'sdiscouraging.【文章马虎】本文是一篇记述文。本文主要介绍了作者营救一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父亲母亲自旁的故事。25.C

细节理解题。依照文章第二段中的

“Shehadfoundayoungowl(猫头鹰)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.

”可知，有人给作者打电话是由于有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者可是过去看情况，因此

D选项错误。应选

C。A细节理解题。依照文章第四段中的“Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.”可知，在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里此后，它很快就宁静下来，因此是窝让小猫头鹰宁静下来的。应选A。B推理判断题。依照前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，而且帮助它找回了它的父亲母亲。作者的营救成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的“However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.”可推断，作者感觉很美好。应选B。【名师点睛】尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不停上升的趋势，但细节题依旧占有较大比率，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向经过语句的同义或反义变换来观察考生对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比从前有所增加。关于直接信息的细节题来说，考生能够第一从问题中找到要点词，尔后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速搜寻这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容认真阅读一遍，认真比较所给选项与文中细节的细微差别，在正确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最正确答案。而细节理解题是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工办理，尔后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这对考生来说有必然难度。比方第25题WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?作者为什么会被打电话喊去Muttontown呢？经过阅读后文考生都知道是和营救小猫头鹰有关，但C选项Tolookatababyowl.和D选项Tocureayoungowl.中都涉及到了“小猫头鹰”，那终究是去“看小猫头鹰”还是去“治疗小猫头鹰”呢？毕竟文章第一段中介绍作者工作职责的句子

IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,

arescueandeducationorganization

at

BaileyArboretuminLocustValley.中出现了

rescue“营救”这个单词。再加上后文又出现

injured，

displacedorsickcreatures等单词，给考生的心理表示就是被营救的小动物都是受伤的状态。

有了前文的表示，考生很有可能会选择

D选项，以为作者接到电话后去

Muttontown

营救小猫头鹰。但实质上，小猫头鹰可是掉在地面上，并没有受伤。依照这一点，

D选项就被消除了。因此正确答案是

C选项。[2017全·国卷Ⅱ

]BIfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorof

ButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm

—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon'tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheatreandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou'refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman'sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn'tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He'dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas，andwedidn'ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn'tneedalotofwords.24．Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?A．PaulNewmanwantedit.B．Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent.C．Hewasn'tfamousenough.D．Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.25．WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?A．Theywereofthesameage.B．Theyworkedinthesametheatre.C．Theywerebothgoodactors.D．Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A．Theirbelief.B．Theircareforchildren.C．Theirsuccess.D．Theirsupportforeachother.27．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toshowhisloveoffilms.B．Torememberafriend.C．Tointroduceanewmovie.D．Tosharehisactingexperience.【文章马虎】这是一篇记述文。作者深情地追忆了自己和PaulNewman志趣相投、信念相守的深邃的友情。24.C推理判断题。由第一段第二句“Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul”可知，摄制组拒绝采用“我”，由于“我”没有Paul出名气，由此能够推断作者当时名气不足。25.D推理判断题。第二段第一句后半部分及后边的内容详细说了然作者和Paul的共同理想、追求与爱好。尽管两人年龄差距很大，但是由于性格相似、志趣相投而成为忘年交。【名师点睛】本文前三题均观察了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意消除搅乱项。如24题中的A项“PaulNewmanwantedit.属”于“颠倒黑白”类搅乱项，依照“Whenthestudiodidn’twantformethefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul可知制片人”不想要我，他想要当时比较出名的演员Paul，说明A项明显错误。搅乱项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，平时还有以下几种方式：张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的看法与别人的看法混淆起来，题干问的是作者的看法，选项中出现的倒是别人的看法；或许题干问的是别人的看法，却把作者的看法放到选项中去。偷梁换柱。搅乱项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。招惹是非。搅乱项经常是生活的基本知识和宽泛接受的看法，但在原文中并没有有关的信息支持点，这类选项的设置经常与问题的设问绝不有关。以偏概全。考生在做猜想文章中心思想、给文章增加标题或判断推理题时，经常会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思想定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其详细表现为合理关系与不合理关系、正确概括与不正确概括之间的错位。不合理关系就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，经常是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不正确概括是指不能够正确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。学科@网考点：观察记述文阅读[2017·津卷天]BFifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn'twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonwallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured(捕捉)andfrozenonsomestranger'sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon'tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使⋯⋯永存).Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachothers'spaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.41．Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?A．Hercamerastoppedworking.B．Awomanblockedherview.C．Someoneaskedhertoleave.D．Afriendapproachedfrombehind.42．Accordingtotheauthor,thewomanwasprobably________．A．enjoyingherselfB．losingherpatienceC．waitingforthesunsetD．thinkingaboutherpast43．Intheauthor'sopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?A．Therichcolourofthelandscape.B．Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.C．Thewoman'sexistenceinthephoto.D．Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.44．Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand________．A．theneedtobeclosetonatureB．theimportanceofprivatespaceC．thejoyofthevacationinItalyD．thesharedpassionforbeauty45．Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor'sreflectionsupon________．A．aparticularlifeexperienceB．thepleasureoftravellingC．theartofphotographyD．alostfriendship【文章马虎】本文是一篇记述文。文章主要表达了作者原来想照一张最好的照片，结果一位女士素来待在那处毁了作者的想法。今后作者把那个人照了进来，而且还把那张照片挂在了卧室里。作者经过这件事意识到自己或许也是别人照片里的风景。41.B细节理解题。依照第二段中的“Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.”可知“我”刚要拍照，突然一位女士从后边凑近，挡了“我”的视线。42.A推理判断题。依照第二段最后一句“sighandappreciatetheview.”以及第三段中的倒数第二句“Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.”可知这位女士陶醉在美丽的风景中，特别满足。43.C细节理解题。依照第四段中的最后一句“Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.”可知“我”以为这张照片之因此有了生命力，

是由于那位女士在照片中的存在。44.D推理判断题。依照倒数第二段中的“toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.”可知“我”从这张照片中更好地理解了人们对美景的共同的爱。【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以细节题为主，推理判断为辅。细节题一般就是文章出现的内容即是答案，也有推理判断题，就可否是经过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要经过故事中所陈述的内容来推理判断。做题时不能够流于表面。能够合适运用一些解题技巧。做推理判断题要擅长抓住某一段话中的要点信息，即某些要点词或短语去解析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，进而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比方45题，问这篇文章是作者对___的思虑，答案是依照最后三段内容推理出来的。2016年高考题1.【2016·全国新课标I】CIampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干细胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenofightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldformere-routed(gotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.

改道)methroughNewarkandForthiscourierjob,

you’reconsciouslyaware

thanthatbox

you’regotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph17AproviderBdeliverymanCcollectorDmedicaldoctor30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatverymuch.D.Theicewon'tlastanylonger.31.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondonB.ToNewarkC.ToProvidence

D.ToWashington【答案】【解析】试题解析：本文是一篇记述文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友好。29.B词义猜想题。依照本段内容I’vedone89trips和Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittlebox以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是deliveryman。应选B。【技巧点拨】词义猜想题的答题技巧。1.依照定义或上下文讲解进行猜想2.依照同位关系进行猜想3.依照构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜想4.依照转折或比较关系进行猜想。在本文中要依照上下文对作者工作的描述来推断出正确的词义。30.D细节理解题。依照第一段第二句Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.可知冰盒只好保持42小时合适的温度。应选D。31.B细节理解题。依照第二段末句Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routedmethroughNewark可知，这位好心的女士第一安排作者去Newark的航班。应选B。考点：故事类短文阅读2.【2016·全国新课标II】BFiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontof

eachstudent,andsaid:

”MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday-and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.

”A