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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-唐山学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题
TheworseningcrisisattheFukushimaPowerStationinJapanhasledtoinevitablecomparisonswiththe1986Chernobylnucleardisasterthatkilledworkersattheplantinstantly,causedcancersinthesurroundingpopulationandspreadradioactivecontaminationsofarthatlivestockrestrictionsarestillinplaceatsomefarmsaroundtheUkraine.
ThesituationatFukushimaiscertainlygraveandimmediatelydangerousforthoseatthesitewhoarefightingtomakethecrippledreactorsandfuelstoragepondssafe.
ButwhateverwarningsarenowbeingissuedbyforeigngovernmentstotheircitizensinJapan,therearesignificantdifferencesthatsetthisapartfromthecatastropheinUkraine.
AtChernobylthenuclearreactorexplodedafterasurgeinpowerthatblewthetopoffthepowerplantandsenthotfuelhighintotheupperatmosphere,whereitfloatedacrossnationalborders.Afirethatbrokeoutinthegraphitecoreforcedmoreradioactivematerialintotheair,helpingitspreadfurther.Thereactorhadnocontainmentfacilitytoevenslowthereleaseofradiationfromtheplant.
TheFukushimaboilingwaterreactorisa40-year-oldpowerplantandithassomeglaringdesignflaws,butthereactorshavebeenswitchedoffforfivedays,sothereislessfreshradioactivematerialaround,andeachcoreiscontainedwithina20cm-thicksteelcontainer,whichisthenprotectedbyasteel-linedreinforcedconcreteouterstructure.Eveninthecaseofameltdown,thesemeasuresshouldatleastlimittheamountofradiationreleased.
Butwhatofthepopulationbeyond?Theriskfromradiationfallsoffsubstantiallywithdistance.Theauthoritieshavealreadyimposedanexclusionzoneof12milesaroundthepowerstation,introducedfoodbansanddispensedpotassiumiodidepillstothoseinthesurroundingarea.
Forthemoredistantpopulation,themostseriousradioactivesubstancesthatwouldbereleasedarecaesium-137andiodine-131.Theseareextremelyvolatile,socanbecarriedalongway.Butdangerousdosesarenotlikelytotravelfaronthewind.Thedangercomeswhenradioactiveiodineandcaesiumraindownontheground,onthepastureland,forexample,andlivestockeatit.Cowsconcentrateradioactiveiodineintheirmilk.Radioactivecaesiumaccumulatesinmuscles,andinthepasthasbuiltupingrazingsheep.Thethreattohumansthencomesfromdrinkingmilkandeatingcontaminatedmeat.Bothcanraisetheriskofcancer—iodineespeciallybybeingabsorbedintochildren’sthyroidglands.
WhathappenedatChernobyl,whichwasamuchmoreseriousaccidentthanthis,wasthatthelocalSovietauthoritieswereindenial,theydidn’tgetpeopleoutofthearea,theydidn’tevacuatequicklyenough,andtheyallowedchildrentocontinuetodrinkheavilycontaminatedmilk,andasaconsequence,manychildrenreceivedhighdosesofradiationtothethyroidandwe’veseenthousandsofthyroidcancersasaconsequence.
1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat().
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
4.TheChernobylwasregardedasaseriousaccidentbecause().
问题1选项
A.EyeingJapan,CountriesReassessNuclearPlans.
B.LessonsforJapanfromtheChernobylCatastrophe.
C.RecentEventsinFukushimaEvokedWorldwideCare.
D.Japan’sHorrorRevealsHowThinIstheEdgeWeLiveon.
问题2选项
A.theriskofradiationspreadingwideinJapanremains
B.thehealthimplicationsofleaksintotheseawouldbelimited
C.thedisasterinJapanhasmucheffectonnuclearpolicyworldwide
D.JapanandUkrainetookthesamemeasuresindealingwithdisaster
问题3选项
A.TherearesomeobviousdesigndefectsinFukushima’spowerplant.
B.Theradioactivesubstancesmaycausedeathtothedistantpopulation.
C.Potassiumiodidetabletscanguardagainstsomeeffectsofradiationexposure.
D.UnliketheFukushimaplant,Chernobyl’sreactorlackedacontainmentfacility.
问题4选项
A.peoplefailedtoadoptsomeeffectivemeasurestoprotectthemselves
B.manyvolunteersrushedtheretofighttomakethecrippledreactorssafe
C.radioactivesubstancescouldspreadasfaras20milesalongwiththewind
D.thegovernmentdeniedthecatastrophetherestillthreatenedpeople’slife
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:D
【解析】1.文章第三段指出,日本福岛核泄漏事故和乌克兰切尔诺贝利核灾难相比有显著的差异,由此可以推断,之所以差异巨大是因为日本从切尔诺贝利核灾难中汲取了教训,选项B作为标题更恰当。
2.选项B和C在文中没有信息提及,所以无法推导出来;选项D表述错误。根据第六段第二句“Theriskfromradiationfallsoffsubstantiallywithdistance.”辐射的风险随着距离的越远而大大降低。由此推断,辐射在日本蔓延的风险依然存在。所以选项A符合原文。
3.根据第七段的一二句可知,对于更遥远的人群来说,释放出的最严重的放射性物质是铯-137和碘-131。它们极易挥发,所以可以携带很长时间。但是危险的剂量不太可能在风中传播很远。也就是说,这些放射性物质不会导致远方居民死亡。所以选项B错误。
4.根据最后一段的内容可知,切尔诺贝利的事故之所以如此严重,是因为当地政府否认事故,他们没有及时让人们撤离,他们让孩子继续喝污染严重的牛奶。也就是说政府否认那里的灾难仍然威胁着人们的生命,选项D符合原文。
2.单选题
Aseriesofrifleshotsdisturbedthe(
)ofthecampgrounds.
问题1选项
A.solidarity
B.tranquility
C.equanimity
D.propinquity
【答案】B
【解析】solidarity团结;tranquility宁静,平静;equanimity镇定;propinquity接近,邻近。句意:一连串的步枪射击打破了营地的宁静。选项B符合语境。
3.单选题
Theriseofmultinationalcorporations,globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.
Surprisingly,sincemodernPRwaslargelyanAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbyPReffortsinothercountries.Tenyearsago,forexample,theworld’'stopfivepublicrelationsagencieswereAmerican-owned.In1991,onlyonewas.TheBritishinparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporateplanningactivities,comparedtoaboutonethirdofU.S.companies.ItmaynotbelongbeforeLondonreplacesNewYorkasthecapitalofPR.
WhyisAmericalaggingbehindintheglobalPRrace?First,Americansasawholetendtobefairlyprovincialandtakemoreofaninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.Secondly,AmericanslagbehindtheirEuropeanandAsiancounterpartsinknowingasecondlanguage.Lessthan5percentofBurson-Marshall’'sU.S.employeesknowtwolanguages.OgilvyandMatherhasaboutthesamepercentage.Conversely,someEuropeanfirmshavehalformoreoftheiremployeesfluentinasecondlanguage.Finally,peopleinvolvedinPRabroadtendtokeepaclosereyeoninternationalaffairs.InthefinancialPRarea,forinstance,mostAmericansreadtheWallStreetJournal.Overseas,theircounterpartsreadtheJournalaswellastheFinancialTimesofLondonandtheEconomist,publicationsnotoftenreadinthiscountry.
PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(CableNewsNetwork).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheword“foreign”’’wouldnolongerbeusedonCNNnewsbroadcasts.AccordingtoTurner,globalcommunicationshavemadethenationsoftheworldsointerdependentthatthereisnolongeranysuchthingasforeign.
41.Accordingtothepassage,U.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbecauseof______.
42.LondoncouldsoonreplaceNewYorkasthecenterofPRbecause______.
43.Theword“provincial”(Line2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans“______
”.
44.WelearnfromthethirdparagraphthatemployeesintheAmericanPRindustry______.
45.WhatlessonmightthePRindustrytakefromTedTurnerofCNN?
问题1选项
A.anunparalleledincreaseinthenumberofpublicrelationscompanies
B.shrinkingculturaldifferencesandnewcommunicationstechnologies
C.thedecreasingnumberofmultinationalcorporationsintheU.S.
D.increasedeffortsofothercountriesinpublicrelations
问题2选项
A.BritishcompaniesaremoreambitiousthanU.S.companies
B.BritishcompaniesplacemoreimportanceonPRthanU.S.companies
C.BritishcompaniesareheavilyinvolvedinPlanningactivities
D.Fouroftheworld’'stoppublicrelationsagenciesareBritish-owned
问题3选项
A.limitedinoutlook
B.likepeoplefromtheprovinces
C.rigidinthinking
D.interestedinworldfinancialaffairs
问题4选项
A.speakatleastoneforeignlanguagefluently
B.areignorantaboutworldgeography
C.arenotassophisticatedastheirEuropeancounterparts
D.enjoyreadingagreatvarietyofEnglishbusinesspublications
问题5选项
A.AmericanPRcompaniesshouldbemoreinternationally-minded.
B.TheAmericanPRindustryshoulddevelopglobalcommunicationstechnologies.
C.PeopleworkinginPRshouldbemorefluentinforeignlanguages.
D.PeopleinvolvedinPRshouldavoidusingtheword"“foreign”".
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:A
第4题:B
第5题:D
【解析】1.【试题解析】事实细节题。题干问的是美国在公共关系业中的领袖地位受到威胁的原因是什么,根据关键词leadership定位到文章首句“Theriseofmultinationalcorporations,globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.”可得知,选项A、C以及D所提及的三点都是公共关系业迅速发展的原因,与题干原意相反。选项B,,根据第二段首句可得知选项B符合原意。
2.【试题解析】事实细节题。题干问的是不久伦敦就会代替纽约成为公共关系业的中心的原因是什么,根据关键词London,,replace可定位到文章第二段的最后一第四句,“TheBritishinparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporateplanningactivities,comparedtoaboutone-thirdofU.S.companies.”这句话的意思是英国的公司比美国的公司更强调公共关系的重要性,由此可见选项A为正确答案。
3.【试题解析】:语义推测题。根据题干所选单词定位到原文第三段,“Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.”这个国家的世界地理知识从来就不强可得知他们对于世界地理的了解限制了,比较狭隘。由此,答案A为正确选项。
4.【试题解析】:事实细节题。根据原文定位到第三段的“Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.”可得知,为选项B的同义替换。选项A与原文的第二点相反。选项C和选项D原文中没有涉及。因此,选项B为正确答案。
5.【试题解析】:判断推理题。根据原文定位到最后一段的前两句“PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(CableNewsNetwork).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheword“‘foreign’’’wouldnolongerbeusedonCNNnewsbroadcasts.”可得知要避免使用“foreign”这个单词。因此,答案为D。
4.单选题
Thestatisticalfiguresinthatreportarenot().Youshouldnotrefertothem.
问题1选项
A.accurate
B.fixed
C.delicate
D.rigid
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。accurate“精确的”;fixed“确定的,固执的”;delicate“微妙的,精美的”;rigid“严格的,僵硬的”。句意:那份报告中的统计数字是不精确的,你不应该参考它们。A项符合题意。
5.单选题
Peoplewillbelookingintoseehowgoodwearenowandwhetheroursuccesshasjustbeena()inthepan.
问题1选项
A.flare
B.glitter
C.spark
D.flash
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项flare“闪耀”;B选项glitter“灿烂”;C选项spark“火花”;D选项flash“闪光”。句意:人们会来看看我们现在有多好,我们的成功是否只是昙花一现。flashinthepan,固定搭配,“昙花一现”。因此D选项正确。
6.单选题
Keplerreconciledastronomywithphysics,andsubstitutedforfictitiousclockworkauniverseofmaterialbodiesnotunliketheearth,freelyfloatingandturninginspace,movedbyforces(
).
问题1选项
A.actedonthem
B.beingactedonit
C.actingonthem
D.havingactedonit
【答案】C
【解析】考查语法知识。句意:开普勒综合了天文学和物理学,用宇宙中与地球相似的实质天体替换了虚构的运行规律,这些天体在天空中自由运动、旋转,由作用在他们上面的力驱动运转。本题考查的是分词做后置定语的用法,force与them是主动关系,因此act用现在分词形式。因此C选项符合题意。
7.单选题
Wittinglyorunwittingly,ourcourtsarecreatingwhattheReverendRichardJohnNeuhauscallsa“nakedpublicsquare”,asecularcommunitydevoidofanyreligiouscommitments.
问题1选项
A.deprivedof
B.divestedof
C.lackingin
D.exemptfrom
【答案】C
【解析】句意:无论是有意还是无意,我们正在创建理查德•约翰•纽豪斯牧师所说的“赤裸的公共广场”,一个……任何宗教信仰的世俗社区。A选项deprivedof“被剥夺的;严重匮乏的”;B选项divestedof“剥夺”;C选项lackingin“缺乏”;D选项exemptfrom“豁免;免除”。“赤裸的公共广场”意味着没有任何宗教信仰的束缚,因此C选项“缺乏”符合题意。
8.单选题
Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Mosttypicalhistorycoursesconcentrateonpolitics,economics,andwar.Butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsoreligiousbeliefs,emotions,andpsychology.Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestors——orofpeopleverydifferentfromourown——canbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressestheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andastudyofitclearlyofferusadeeperunderstandingthancanbefoundinmosthistorybooks.
Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective:itreflectsemotionsandopinions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyawasperhapsthefirsttruly"political”artist.Inhiswell-knownpaintingTheThirdofMay1808,hecriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforitsmisuseofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslater,symbolicimageswereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuernicatoexpressthehorrorofwar.Meanwhile,onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRivera.JoseClementeOrozco,andDavidAlfaroSiqueiros---aswellastheworksofAlfredoRamosMartines——depictedtheseMexicanartists’deepangerandsadnessaboutsocialproblems.
Inthesameway,artcanreflectaculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.Althoughmostpeoplecouldn’tread,theycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesareunholy.
1.Morecanbelearnedaboutaculturefromastudyofarthistorythangeneralhistorybecausearthistory(
).
2.Artissubjectiveinthat
(
).
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?
4.Thepassageismainlydiscussing
(
).
5.Itmaybeconcludedfromthispassagethat(
).
问题1选项
A.showsusthereligionsandemotionsofapeopleinadditiontopoliticalvalues
B.providesuswithinformationaboutthedailyactivitiesofpeopleinthepast
C.givesusaninsightintotheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace
D.alloftheabove
问题2选项
A.apersonalandemotionalviewofhistoryispresentedthroughit
B.itcaneasilyrouseourangerorsadnessaboutsocialproblems
C.itwillfindareadyechoinourhearts
D.bothBandC
问题3选项
A.UnlikeFranciscoGoya,PabloandseveralMexicanartistsexpressedtheirpoliticalopinionsintheirpaintings
B.Historybooksoftenrevealthecompilers’politicalviews.
C.ReligiousartremainedinEuropeforcenturiestheonlytypeofartbecausemostpeopleregardedtheBibleastheHolyBook.
D.Alltheabovementionedarenottrue.
问题4选项
A.thedifferencebetweengeneralhistoryandarthistory
B.themakingofarthistory
C.whatcanwelearnfromart
D.theinfluenceofartistsonarthistory
问题5选项
A.Islamicartistshavehadtocreatearchitecturaldecorationswithimagesofflowersorgeometricforms
B.Historyteachersaremoreobjectivethangeneralhistory
C.Itismoredifficulttostudyarthistorythangeneralhistory.
D.PeopleandstoriesfromtheBiblewerepaintedonchurchesandotherbuildingsinordertopopularizetheBible.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。A:展示一个民族的宗教和情感以及政治价值观,由第一段“...artreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,but
alsoreligiousbeliefs,emotions,andpsychology(艺术反应人的政治价值观、宗教信仰、情感和心理状态)”可知A项正确。B:提供过去人们日常活动的信息,由第一段中“Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestors...canbeprovidedbyart另外,…通过艺术我们能了解有关我们祖先日常活动的信息)”可知B项争取。C:让我们洞察一个时代和一个地方的本质,由第一段中“Inshort,artexpressestheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace(总之,艺术表达了一个吋代和一个地方的基本特质)”可知C项正确。故选D。
2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词Artissubjective定位至第二段:Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective:itreflectsemotionsandopinions(另一方面,艺术是主观的,它反映了个人的情绪和观点)。随后举例说明艺术家在自己的作品中表达对政府、社会等的观点,因此A项“因为通过艺术,可以表达个人对历史的观点和情绪”正确。
3.细节事实题。A:与弗朗西斯科•戈亚不同,帕布罗和几位墨西哥艺术家在他们的画作中表达了他们的政治观点。由第二段中“ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyawasperhapsthefirsttruly“political”artist(伟大的西班牙画家FranciscoGoya或许是第一个真正的‘政治性’艺术家)”可知A项与原文所述不符。B:历史书籍经常显示编辑者的政治观点,由第二段“Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed(在历史书籍中,有关一个国家政治生活的客观信息被提出,即关于政治的事实被给给出,但相关的意见却没有表达出)”可知B项与原文所述不符。C:宗教艺术几百年来一直是欧洲唯一的艺术类型,因为大多数人把圣经视为圣书,文中并未提及。D:以上选项都不正确。所以本题选D。
4.主旨大意题。文中开篇引出了主题:相比在一般的历史课上可能学到的,研究艺术历史是更多了解文化的一种好方法。随后围绕历史,艺术历史进行讨论。因此A“一般的历史和艺术历史的区别”比较能概括文章大意。
5.判断推理题。A:伊斯兰教艺术家一直不得不用花的图像或几何形式来创造建筑装饰,由最后一段“Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstaturesareunholy(相比之下,中东地区艺术的主要特点之一是(仍然是)没有人或动物的图像。这反应了伊斯兰教认为雕像不是神圣的)”可知A正确。B:历史教师相比一般的历史更具客观性,由第二段中“Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed(在历史书籍中,有关一个国家政治生活的客观信息被提出,即关于政治的事实被给出,但相关的意见却没有表达出)”可知B项“历史教师相比一般的历史更具客观性”不正确。C:相比一般的历史,研究艺术历史更难,D:为了普及圣经,人们把圣经中的人物和故事画在教堂和其他建筑物上。这两项文章并未提及。故选A。
9.单选题
Theincident()pressinterest.Reportersfromseveralnewspaperscametointerviewhim.
问题1选项
A.purchased
B.produced
C.provoked
D.processed
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这个事件引起了新闻界的兴趣。数家报社的记者前来采访他。
考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Purchase购买,贏得;produce生产;制造;生长;provoke激怒,煽动,引起;process加工,处理;审阅,审核。故C符合句意。
10.单选题
Thesearestudentswho,atsomestageoftheirundergraduatecareers,leaveclass,either(),orbecausetheyareaskedtodoso.
问题1选项
A.voluntarily
B.selectively
C.compulsorily
D.necessarily
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。voluntarily“自动地”;selectively“有选择地”;compulsorily“强制地;强迫地”;necessarily“必要地;必定地”。句意:在大学学习生涯的某个阶段,一些学生或______或被迫离开课堂。根据句意可知选项A符合题意。
11.单选题
Youmustletmehavetheannualreportwithout()byteno’clocktomorrowmorning.
问题1选项
A.failure
B.hesitation
C.trouble
D.fail
【答案】D
【解析】固定搭配。withoutfail为固定搭配,表示“必定,务必”。句意为:你必须在明天早上十点之前把年度报告交给我。所以选项D正确。
12.单选题
VisitorstoEnglandsometimesfindthelackofpublicactivitiesintheevenings(
).
问题1选项
A.depressed
B.depression
C.depressing
D.depressingly
【答案】C
【解析】句意:前往英格兰的游客有时会因为缺乏晚上的公共活动而感到沮丧。
语法题。考查宾语补语。空格处应填入形容词作宾语“缺乏晚上的公共活动”的补语,排除B,D。depressed沮丧的;depressing令人沮丧的。故C符合句意。
13.单选题
Inthedarkness,Icouldhearwindows______.Thisfollowedbyscreams,shoutingandlaughter.
问题1选项
A.beingopened
B.tobeopened
C.havingopened
D.opening
【答案】A
【解析】考查hear的用法和语态。Hear后面一般接动词原形或者现在分词,因此排除B项;根据句意,窗户应该是正在被打开,所以排除C项和D项,只有A项符合句意。句意:在黑暗中,我能听到窗户被打开的声音;接着是尖叫声、喊叫和笑声。因此A项正确。
14.单选题
Beforehestartedthework,Iaskedthebuildertogivemean______ofthecostofrepairingtheroof.
问题1选项
A.assessment
B.estimate
C.announcement
D.evaluation
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。A项assessment“估计、评定”;B项estimate“估价、判断”;C项announcement“公告、宣告”;D项evaluation“评价”;句意:在他开始工作之前,我请建筑工人给我估计一下修理屋顶的费用。因此该题B项正确。
15.单选题
()touchinginO'Henry'sstoriesisthegallantrywithwhichordinarypeoplestruggletomaintaintheirdignity.
问题1选项
A.Mostis
B.Itmostlyis
C.Isitmost
D.Whatismost
【答案】D
【解析】考查主语从句。what引导的名词性从句作主语,所以选项D正确。句意:在欧亨利的故事中,最感人的是普通人为维护自己的尊严而斗争的英勇行为。
16.单选题
“I’venevermetahumanworthcloning,”sayscloningexpertMarkWesthusinfromhislabatTexasA&MUniversity.“It’sastupidendeavor.”That’saninterestingchoiceofadjective,comingfromamanwhohasspentmillionsofdollarstryingtoclonea13-year-olddognamedMissy.Sofar,heandhisteamhavenotsucceeded,thoughtheyhaveclonedtwocowsandexpecttocloneacatsoon.
TheyjustmightsucceedincloningMissysoon—orperhapsnotforanotherfiveyears.Itseemsthereproductivesystemofman’sbestfriendisoneofthemysteriesofmodernscience.
Westhusin’sexperiencewithcloninganimalsleaveshimupsetbyallthistalkofhumancloning.InthreeyearsofworkontheMissyproject,usinghundredsuponhundredsofdog’seggs,theA&MteamhasproducedonlyadozenorsoembryoscarryingMissy’sDNA.Nonehavesurvivedthetransfertoasurrogatemother.Thewastageofeggsandthemanyspontaneouslyabortedfetusesmaybeacceptablewhenyou’redealingwithcatsorbulls,heargues,butnotwithhumans.“Cloningisincrediblyinefficient,andalsodangerous,”hesays.
Evenso,dogcloningisacommercialopportunity,withaniceresearchpayoff.EversinceDollythesheepwasclonedin1997,Westhusin’sphonehasbeenringingwithpeoplecallinginhopesofduplicatingtheircatsanddogs,cattleandhorses.“Alotofpeoplewanttoclonepets,especiallyifthepriceisright,”saysWesthusin.CostisnoobstacleforMissy’smysteriousbillionaireowner;he’sputup$3.7millionsofartofundA&M’sresearch.
Contrarytosomemediareports,Missyisnotdead.TheownerwantsatwintocarryonMissy’sfinequalitiesaftershedoesdie.Theprototypeis,byallaccounts,athletic,good-naturedandsuper-smart.Missy’smasterdoesnotexpectanexactcopyofher.Heknowsherclonemaynothavehertemperament.Inastatementofpurpose,Missy’sownerandtheA&Mteamsaytheyare“bothlookingforwardtostudyingthewaysthatherclonesdifferfromMissy.”
Besidescloningagreatdog,theprojectmaycontributeinsightintotheoldquestionofnaturevsnurture.Itcouldalsoleadtothecloningofspecialrescuedogsandmanyendangeredanimals.
However,Westhusiniscautiousabouthiswork.Heknowsthatevenifhegetsadogpregnant,theoffspring,shouldtheysurvive,willfacetheproblemsshownatbirthbyotherclonedanimals:abnormalitieslikeimmaturelungsandheartandweightproblems.“Whywouldyoueverwanttoclonehumans,”Westhusinasks,“whenwe’renotevenclosetogettingitworkedoutinanimalsyet?”
1.By“stupidendeavor”(Para.1),Westhusinmeanstosaythat____.
2.WhatdoesthefirstparagraphtellusaboutWesthusin’sdogcloningproject?
3.BycloningMissy,MarkWesthusinhopesto____.
4.Welearnfromthepassagethatanimalclonesarelikelytohave____.
5.Itcanbeseenthatpresentcloningtechniques____.
问题1选项
A.animalcloningisnotworththeeffortatall
B.animalcloningisabsolutelyimpractical
C.humancloningshouldbedoneselectively
D.humancloningisafoolishundertaking
问题2选项
A.Itssuccessisalreadyinsight.
B.Itsoutcomeremainsuncertain.
C.Itisdoomedtoutterfailure.
D.Itisprogressingsmoothly.
问题3选项
A.studythepossibilityofcloninghumans
B.searchforwaystomodifyitstemperament
C.examinethereproductivesystemofthedogspecies
D.findoutthedifferencesbetweenMissyanditsclones
问题4选项
A.abadtemper
B.immunedeficiency
C.defectiveorgans
D.anabnormalshape
问题5选项
A.stillhavealongwaytogobeforereachingmaturity
B.havebeenwidelyusedinsavingendangeredspecies
C.provideinsightintothequestionofnaturevs.nurture
D.haveprovedquiteadequateforthecloningofhumans
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:A
【解析】1.【选项释义】
By“stupidendeavor”(Para.1),Westhusinmeanstosaythat____.威斯胡森说的“愚蠢的努力”(Para.1)的意思是____。
A.animalcloningisnotworththeeffortatallA.动物克隆根本不值得努力
B.animalcloningisabsolutelyimpracticalB.克隆动物是绝对不现实的
C.humancloningshouldbedoneselectivelyC.克隆人应该有选择地进行
D.humancloningisafoolishundertakingD.克隆人是一项愚蠢的事业
【答案】D
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph1与题干信息可定位到第一段第二句“这是愚蠢的尝试。”向前定位到第一段第一句“我从未遇到过值得克隆的人(I’venevermetahumanworthcloning)”可推断这个愚蠢的努力指的就是克隆人。因此选D。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“动物克隆根本不值得努力”,文中说的是克隆人而不是克隆动物,属于曲解原文;
B选项“克隆动物是绝对不现实的”,文中提到成功克隆牛和猫,该选项与原文意思相反,属于反向干扰;
C选项“克隆人应该有选择地进行”,文中没有提及,该选项属于无中生有。
2.【选项释义】
WhatdoesthefirstparagraphtellusaboutWesthusin’sdogcloningproject?关于威斯胡森的狗克隆计划,第一段告诉了我们什么?
A.Itssuccessisalreadyinsight.A.它的成功已经在望。
B.Itsoutcomeremainsuncertain.B.其结果仍不确定。
C.Itisdoomedtoutterfailure.C.这注定要彻底失败。
D.Itisprogressingsmoothly.D.进展顺利。
【答案】B
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph1与题干信息可定位到第一段“到目前为止,他和他的团队还没有成功(heandhisteamhavenotsucceeded),尽管他们已经克隆了两头牛,并希望很快克隆一只猫。”由此可知狗克隆计划还没有取得成功,可推断这项计划结果仍不确定。因此选B。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“它的成功已经在望。”,由推断可知,该计划的结果不确定,并不是成功在望,该选项属于反向干扰;
C选项“这注定要彻底失败。”,由推断可知,该计划的结果是不确定的,并没有说注定失败,该选项属于过度推断;
D选项“进展顺利。”,文中提到“到目前为止,他和他的团队还没有成功”由此可知进展并不顺利,因此该选项属于反向干扰。
3.【选项释义】
BycloningMissy,MarkWesthusinhopesto____.通过克隆米西,马克•威斯胡森希望能____。
A.studythepossibilityofcloninghumansA.研究克隆人类的可能性
B.searchforwaystomodifyitstemperamentB.找到改变它性情的方法
C.examinethereproductivesystemofthedogspeciesC.检验这种狗的生殖系统
D.findoutthedifferencesbetweenMissyanditsclonesD.找出米西和它的克隆之间的区别
【答案】D
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到倒数第三段“都很期待研究她的克隆体与米西的不同之处(herclonesdifferfromMissy)”因此选D。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“研究克隆人类的可能性”,文章没有提及,该选项属于无中生有;
B选项“找到改变它性情的方法”,文章没有提及,该选项属于无中生有;
C选项“检验这种狗的生殖系统”,文章没有提及,该选项属于无中生有。
4.【选项释义】
Welearnfromthepassagethatanimalclonesarelikelytohave____.我们从文章中了解到,动物克隆可能会有____。
A.abadtemperA.坏脾气
B.immunedeficiencyB.免疫缺陷
C.defectiveorgansC.有缺陷的器官
D.anabnormalshapeD.畸形
【答案】C
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“他知道,即使他让一只狗怀孕,如果它们的后代存活下来,也将面临其他克隆动物出生时出现的问题:不成熟的肺和心脏以及体重问题等异常。”不成熟的肺和心脏都是器官出现问题,可推断动物克隆可能会出现有缺陷的器官。因此C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“坏脾气”,文中没有提及,该选项属于无中生有;
B选项“免疫缺陷”,文中没有提及,该选项属于无中生有;
D选项“畸形”,文中没有提及,该选项属于无中生有。
5.【选项释义】
Itcanbeseenthatpresentcloningtechniques____.由此可见,目前的克隆技术____。
A.stillhavealongwaytogobeforereachingmaturityA.在达到成熟之前还有很长的路要走
B.havebeenwidelyusedinsavingendangeredspeciesB.已被广泛用于拯救濒危物种
C.provideinsightintothequestionofnaturevs.nurtureC.提供了对先天与后天问题的洞察
D.haveprovedquiteadequateforthecloningofhumansD.已经证明足以克隆人类
【答案】A
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据文章第一段“到目前为止,他和他的团队还没有成功”以及第三段讲到“克隆极其低效,而且危险(Cloningisincrediblyinefficient,andalsodangerous)”和最后一段提到克隆动物出现器官上的问题可知目前的克隆技术还不成熟。因此选A。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“已被广泛用于拯救濒危物种”,文中倒数第二段提到“它还可能导致克隆特殊救援犬和许多濒危动物。”由此可知还未被广泛用于拯救濒危物种,该选项属于反向干扰;
C选项“提供了对先天与后天问题的洞察”,文中倒数第二段提到“除了克隆一只大狗,这个项目还可能有助于洞察先天与后天的老问题。”文中只是说有可能有助于,并未说提供了,该选项属于过度推断;
D选项“已经证明足以克隆人类”,文章最后一段最后一句提到“当我们在动物身上还没有接近成功的时候,你为什么会想要克隆人类呢?”由此可知,目前的克隆技术并不能克隆人类,该选项属于反向干扰。
17.单选题
HarvardUniversity’sunder-graduateeducationisbeingreformedsothatitincludessometimespentoutsidetheUSandmoresciencecourses,theUSCableNewsNetwork(CNN)hasreported.Forthefirsttimein30years,Harvardis(1)itsunder-graduatecurriculum.WilliamKirby,deanofthefacultyofartsandsciences,saidthis
(2)
whatmanypeoplehadsaidthatHarvard’scurriculumdidnotprovideenoughchoiceandencourageprematurespecialization.
“Harvardneedsto
(3)
itseducationforaworldwhereglobalconnections,crossdisciplinaryresearch,andscienceingeneralareevermoreimportant,”saidKirby.
Particularly
(4)
istheideathatstudentsneedtospendtimeoverseas,eitherinatraditionalstudy-abroadprogramoroverasummer,perhapsdoing
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