考研考博-英语-内蒙古财经大学考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古财经大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Idon’tmindabitifyoubringyourfriendsinforadrink,butitisrathertoomuchwhentenpeoplearrive（）fordinner.

问题1选项

A.unusually

B.excessively

C.consequently

D.unexpectedly

【答案】D

【解析】副词词义辨析。unexpectedly“出乎意料地”；unusually“显著地”；excessively“过分地”；consequently“从而”。句意：我不介意你带你的朋友来喝杯茶，但是当十个人出乎意料地来家里吃晚饭时就有点太多了。

2.单选题

Theyboughtthelandwitha______tobuildanewofficeblock.

问题1选项

A.purpose

B.view

C.goal

D.reason

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项purpose“目的（经过考虑而要做某事的意图）”；B选项view“风景；视野”；C选项goal“目标（想要通过一段时间的努力而在未来实现某事的意图）”；D选项reason“理由，原因”。句意：他们买那块地的______是要建一座新的办公大楼。根据语境，这里指的是现在买地，买地是为了以后建办公大楼，A选项purpose符合题意。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

ProfessorSmithhasalreadyretired,buthisteachingsstill（）stronginfluenceonhisstudents.

问题1选项

A.execute

B.forsake

C.exert

D.forge

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。execute“实行，执行；处死”；forsake“放弃”；exert“运用，发挥；施以影响”；forge“锻造”。句意：Smith教授已经退休了，但是他的教导依然在他的学生中产生重大影响。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Therecomesatimeineveryman’slife______.

问题1选项

A.thenhehastothink

B.whichheneeds

C.whenhehastothink

D.thereforehehastoworkhard

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：每个人一生中都会有一个需要自己思考的时候。横线部分是修饰atime的定语从句；定语从句的关系词中关系代词which一般作从句的主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，关系副词when作从句的时间状语。Then和therefore不引导定语从句，故A选项thenhehastothink和D选项thereforehehastoworkhard错误。C选项符合题意。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Government（）theuseofseatbeltsinallcars.

问题1选项

A.prevails

B.provokes

C.mediates

D.mandates

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意：政府（）在所有车中使用安全带。

prevail胜过，获胜，生效，流行；provoke激起，挑衅；mediate调解，斡旋，居中；man-date授权，托管，强制。D选项“强制”符合句意。

6.单选题

Althoughtherewasalotmoretosay,Stephen（

）fromfurtherquestions.

问题1选项

A.reflected

B.strained

C.refrained

D.resisted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。reflect意为“反射（光、热、声或影像）”；strain意为“拉紧，拉伤”；refrain意为“抑制，克制”。refrainfrom意为“忍住”；resist意为“抵抗，抗拒”。

句意：虽然还有更多的话要说，斯蒂芬忍住进一步的问题。

7.单选题

Themagicianpickedseveralpersons（

）fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelp

himwiththeperformance.

问题1选项

A.byaccident

B.onoccasion

C.onaverage

D.atrandom

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。Byaccident“偶然地”；onoccasion“有时”；onaverage“平均地”；atrandom“随意地，任意地”。句意：魔术师从观众中随便挑了几个人协助他进行表演。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Whydoescreamgobadfasterthanbutter?Someresearchersthinktheyhavetheanswer,anditcomesdowntothestructureofthefood,notitschemicalcomposition—afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.

Creamandbuttercontainprettymuchthesamesubstances,sowhycreamshouldsourmuchfasterhasbeenamystery.Bothareemulsions—tinyglobules（小球体）ofoneliquidevenlydistributedthroughoutanother.Thedifferenceliesinwhat’sintheglobulesandwhat’sinthesurroundingliquid,saysBrocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.

Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.“Thismeansthatincream,thebacteriaarefreetogrowthroughoutthemixture.”Hesays.

Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartmentsburieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.Theyalsoslowlypoisonthemselveswiththeirwasteproducts.“Inbutter,yougetaself-limitingsystemwhichstopsthehoteliergrowing.”SaysBrocklehurst.

Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.

1.ThesignificanceofBrocklehurst’sresearchisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtotheresearchers,creamsoursfasterthanbutterbecausebacteria

（

）.

3.AccordingtoBrocklehurst,wecankeepcreamfreshby

（

）.

4.Theword‘‘colonies’’refersto

（

）.

5.Commercialapplicationoftheresearchfindingwillbepossibleifsaladcreamcanbemaderesistanttobacterialattack（

）.

问题1选项

A.itsuggestedawaytokeepsomefoodsfreshwithoutpreservatives

B.itdiscoveredtinyglobulesinbothcreamandbutter.

C.itrevealedthesecretofhowbacteriamultiplyincreamandbutter.

D.itfoundthatcreamandbuttersharethesamechemicalcomposition

问题2选项

A.aremoreevenlydistributedincream

B.multiplymoreeasilyincreamthaninbutter

C.liveonlessfatincreamthaninbutter

D.producelesswasteincreamthaninbutter

问题3选项

A.removingitsfat

B.killingthebacteria

C.reducingitswatercontent

D.alteringitsstructure

问题4选项

A.tinyglobules

B.bacteriacommunities

C.wateryregions

D.littlecompartment

问题5选项

A.byvaryingitschemicalcomposition

B.byturningitintoasolidhump

C.whilekeepingitsstructureunchanged

D.whileretainingitsliquidform

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“Brocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.”，可知对于为什么奶油比黄油坏的问题的研究是由Brocklehurst主导的。又根据文章第一段，“afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.”，可知对这一问题研究的结果和发现，有助于帮助去除一些加工食品中的化学防腐剂。可判断出Brocklehurst的研究的意义在于提供了一种可以不使用防腐剂而使某些食品保持新鲜的方法。因此选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.”，可知在奶油中，脂肪球在水中漂浮。在黄油中，水样溶液的小球被锁在脂肪中。而使食物变坏的细菌更喜欢生活在混合物的含水区域。可判断出在奶油中，细菌更容易在这种混合物中生存繁殖，所以奶油会更快变质。因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.”，可知研究人员已经在与食品公司合作，希望能通过改变食物的结构使其具有抵抗细菌攻击的能力。可判断出研究者Brocklehurst表示，我们可以通过改变食物的结构来使奶油保险，抵抗细菌入侵。因此选项D符合题意。

4.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartmentsburieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.”，可知当情况发生逆转时，细菌被锁在深埋在脂肪海洋中的隔间里。根据trappedinthisway可判断出，此句是对上一句情况的继续描述，所以非谓语动词的逻辑主语仍然不会改变，这里的colonies和上文的bacteria是同一事物，都为主语。可判断出colonies也是指细菌。因此选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.”，可知Brocklehurst认为将有可能制造出用于沙拉酱中的乳剂，就像用于黄油的乳剂一样。关键是在保持沙拉酱液体的状态，而不是变成固体块。可判断出如果能使沙拉酱在保持液态的状态下能同时抵抗细菌的侵袭，那么这项研究成果将有可能用于商业用途，所以关键在于是要保持液体状态。因此选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

FromsciencetoShakespeare,excellenttelevisionandvideoprogramsareavailable（）toteachers.

问题1选项

A.instore

B.inoperation

C.inabundance

D.instock

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项instore“贮藏着；准备着；将要发生”；B选项inoperation“生效；运转着”；C选项inabundance“大量的；丰富的；充足的”；D选项instock“有存货；现有”。句意：从科学到莎士比亚，教师们可以大量使用优秀的电视和视频节目。由空格前的关键词“available可使用的”可知“大量的”符合句意，因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Americanliteraryhistoriansareperhaps（

）toviewingtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistakingprominenceforuniqueness.

问题1选项

A.prone

B.legible

C.incompatible

D.prior

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。prone“有……倾向的”；legible“清晰的”；incompatible“不相容的，不能并存的”；prior“优先的”。句意：美国文学史家也许倾向于狭隘地看待他们国家的文学，误把卓越当独特。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Insomecasesthemothermayalsobelimitedintermsof______abilityandemotionalcapacity.

问题1选项

A.intelligent

B.intellectual

C.intelligible

D.intangible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项intelligent“智能的，聪明的”，B项intellectual“智力的”，C项intelligible“可理解的，明了的”，D项intangible“无形的，触摸不到的”。根据关键词emotionalcapacity（情感能力）推测，空格部分是与之对应的“智力”，B项符合。句意：在某些情况下，母亲的智力和情感能力也可能受到限制。因此，该题选择B项正确。

12.单选题

Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.

Severalstudiesoverthepastthreedecadeshavereportedthatpeoplecanretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemoriesofthingsthathappenedwhiletheywerebeingoperatedon.Butfailurebyotherresearcherstoconfirmsuchfindingshasledskepticstospeculatethatthepatientswhorememberedtheseeventsmightbrieflyhaveregainedconsciousnessinthecourseofoperations.

GittaLubke,PeterSebelandcolleaguesatEmoryUniversityinAtlantameasuredthedepthofanesthesiausingbispectralanalysis,atechniquewhichmeasureschangesinbrainwavepatternsinthefrontallobesmomentbymomentduringsurgery.Beforethisstudy,researchersonlytookanaveragemeasurementoverthewholeoperation,saysLubke.

Lubkestudied96traumapatientsundergoingemergencysurgery,manyofwhomweretooseverelyinjuredtotoleratefullanesthesia.Duringsurgery,eachpatientworeheadphonesthroughwhichaseriesof16wordswasrepeatedfor3minuteseach.Atthesametime,bispectralanalysisrecordedthedepthofanesthesia.

Aftertheoperation,Lubketestedthepatientsbyshowingthemthefirstthreelettersofaword,suchas“lim-”,andaskingthemtocompleteit.Patientswhohadhadawordstartingwiththeselettersplayedduringsurgery—“limit”,forexample—chosethatwordanaverageof11percentmoreoftenthanpatientswhohadbeenplayedadifferentwordlist.Noneofthepatientshadanyconsciousmemoryofhearingthewordlists.

Unconsciousprimingwasstrongestforwordsplayedwhenpatientsweremostlightlyanaesthetized.Butitwasstatisticallysignificantevenwhenpatientswerefullyanaesthetizedwhenthewordwasplayed.

ThisfindingwhichwillbepublishedinthejournalAnesthesiologycouldmeanthatoperatingtheatrestaffshouldbemorediscreet.“Whattheysayduringsurgerymaydistresspatientsafterwards,”saysPhilipMerikle,apsychologistattheUniversityofWaterloo,Ontario.

1.Scientistshavefoundthatdeepanesthesia______.

2.Bythenewstudythetechniqueofbyspectralanalysishelpsthescientists______.

3.Totestthepatientsthescientists______.

4.Theresultsfromthenewstudyindicatethatitwaspossibleforthepatients______.

5.Whatwecaninferfromthefindingis______.

问题1选项

A.islikelytoaffecthearing

B.cannotblocksurgeon’swords

C.cancauseseriousdamagestomemory

D.helpstoretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemories

问题2选项

A.acquireanaveragemeasurementofbrainwavechangesoverthewholesurgery

B.decidewhetherthepatientwouldretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemories

C.relatetheirmeasurementsandrecordingstotheverbalsoundsduringsurgery

D.assurethedepthofanesthesiaduringsurgery

问题3选项

A.preparedtwolistsofwords

B.usedninety-sixheadphonesforlistening

C.conductedthewholeexperimentforthreeminutes

D.voicedonlythefirstthreelettersofsixteenwordsduringsurgery

问题4选项

A.toregainconsciousnessundertheknife

B.totellonewordfromanotheraftersurgery

C.torecallwhathadbeenheardduringsurgery

D.tooverreacttodeepanesthesiainthecourseofoperation

问题5选项

A.howsurgeonmalpracticecanbeprevented

B.whyasurgeoncannotbetoocareful

C.whysurgeonsshouldholdtheirtonguesduringsurgery

D.howthepostoperativepatientscanretainsubconsciousmemories

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段“Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.（一项新的研究表明，即使病人没有醒来，他们也能回忆起在全身麻醉下听到的声音。）”也就是说，全麻不会阻止病人听到医生说的话，所以B选项“不能阻挡外科医生的话”符合原文。A选项“可能影响听力”和C选项“会对记忆造成严重损害”文章没有提及；D选项“帮助保持有意识或潜意识的记忆”中的“帮助”表述不当，所以不正确。因此B选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据第二段“Severalstudiesoverthepastthreedecadeshavereportedthatpeoplecanretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemoriesofthingsthathappenedwhiletheywerebeingoperatedon.（过去30年里的几项研究报告称，人们可以对手术过程中发生的事情保持有意识或潜意识的记忆。）”和第三段“...usingbispectralanalysis,atechniquewhichmeasureschangesinbrainwavepatternsinthefrontallobesmomentbymomentduringsurgery.（使用双谱分析技术测量了麻醉深度，这种技术可以测量手术过程中大脑额叶中脑电波模式的变化。）”可知双谱分析技术是帮助科学家们决定病人是保留有意识的记忆还是潜意识的记忆，所以B选项“判断病人是否会保留有意识的记忆或潜意识的记忆”正确。由第三段“Beforethisstudy,researchersonlytookanaveragemeasurementoverthewholeoperation（在这项研究之前，研究人员只对整个手术进行了平均测量）”可知A选项“获得整个手术期间脑电波变化的平均测量值”说法错误；C选项“将他们的测量和录音与手术过程中的语音联系起来”和D选项“术中保证麻醉深度”不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据第五段Patientswhohadhadawordstartingwiththeselettersplayedduringsurgery—“limit”,forexample—chosethatwordanaverageof11percentmoreoftenthanpatientswhohadbeenplayedadifferentwordlist.（那些在手术中播放以这些字母开头的单词的患者——例如，“limit”——选择这个单词的频率比播放不同单词列表的患者平均高11%）可推断出有两个不同的单词表，所以A选项“准备了两份单词表”正确。B选项“使用了九十六个耳机听”；C选项“整个实验进行了三分钟”；D选项“在手术中只发声16个单词的前三个字母”都不符合原文，因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第一段“Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.（一项新的研究表明，即使病人没有醒来，他们也能回忆起在全身麻醉下听到的声音。）”可知对病人来说。回忆起手术期间听到的东西是有可能的，所以C选项“回忆手术中听到的一切”正确。A选项“在刀下恢复意识”；B选项“手术后说出一个词和另一个词”；D选项“在手术过程中对深度麻醉反应过度”都不符合原文，因此C选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段“...operatingtheatrestaffshouldbemorediscreet...Whattheysayduringsurgerymaydistresspatientsafterwards（……这可能意味着手术室的工作人员应该更加谨慎……他们在手术中说的话可能会让病人在手术后感到痛苦）”可推断出工作人员在手术期间最好不要说话，所以C选项“为什么外科医生在手术时不应该说话”符合题意。A选项“如何防止外科医生渎职”；B选项“为什么外科医生越小心越好”；D选项“术后患者如何保持潜意识记忆”均不符合原文，因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Shetriedtohidehergrief,butshewas（）tears.

问题1选项

A.onthevergeof

B.enthusiasticabout

C.onthelookoutfor

D.gluedto

【答案】A

【解析】词组辨析题。onthevergeof

濒临于、接近于；enthusiasticabout热衷于；onthelookoutfor留意、物色；gluedto不愿离开，盯住不放。句意：她试图掩饰她的悲伤，但她几乎要哭了。选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

Whetheryoulivetoeatoreattolive,foodisamajor（）ineveryfamily’sbudget.

问题1选项

A.nutrition

B.expenditure

C.routine

D.provision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项nutrition表示“营养；营养学；营养品”；B选项expenditure表示“支出，花费；经费，消费额”；C选项routine表示“程序；日常工作；例行公事”；D选项provision表示“规定；条款；准备；供应品”。根据句意可知，食物在每个家庭的预算中都是主要的支出，因此B选项最符合句意。故本题正确答案为B。

15.单选题

Whereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftout,ornotsufficientlyexperienced,thechildmayhavetogobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossible,forexample,providingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrain,uptoanyagehestillneedstodoso.Thisprinciple,infact,underliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopment,andisthebasisofworkinchildclinics.

Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstagestowaitforfood,tosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.Ifthechildfeelstheworldaroundhimisawarmandfriendlyoneheslowlyacceptsitsrhythmandaccustomshimselftoconformingtoitsdemands.Learningtowaitforthings,particularlyforfood,isaveryimportantelementinupbringing,andisachievedsuccessfullyonlyiftoogreatdemandsarenotmadebeforethechildcanunderstandthem.

Everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild'sacquisitionofeachnewskill-thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly;ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalzestforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.

Learningtogetherisafruitsourceofrelationshipbetweenchildrenandparents.Byplayingtogether,parentslearnmoreabouttheirchildrenandchildrenlearnmorefromtheirparents.Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthiscooperation.Building-blocktoys,jigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples.

Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnessorindulgencetowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymattersothersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnight,punctualityformealsorpersonalcleanliness.Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild’sownhappinessandwellbeing.

1.Theprincipleunderlyingalltreatmentofdevelopmentaldifficultiesinchildren（）.

2.Thechildinthenursery（）.

3.Theencouragementofchildrentoachieve-newskills（）.

4.Jigsawpuzzlesare（）.

5.Parentalcontrolsanddiscipline（）.

问题1选项

A.istosendthemtoclinics

B.offersrecaptureofearlierexperiences

C.isintheprovisionofclockworktoysandtrains

D.istocapturethembeforetheyaresufficientlyexperienced

问题2选项

A.quicklylearnstowaitforfood

B.doesn'tinitiallysleepandwakeatregularintervals

C.alwaysacceptstherhythmoftheworldaroundthem

D.alwaysfeelstheworldaroundhimiswarmandfriendly

问题3选项

A.canneverbetakentoofar

B.shouldbelefttoschoolteachers

C.willalwaysassisttheirdevelopment

D.shouldbebalancedbetweentwoextremes

问题4选项

A.toodifficultforchildren

B.akindofbuilding-blocktoy

C.notveryentertainingforadults

D.suitableexercisesforparent-childcooperation

问题5选项

A.serveadualpurpose

B.shouldbeavoidedasmuchaspossible

C.reflectthevaluesofthecommunity

D.aredesignedtopromotethechild’s

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Whereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftout,ornotsufficientlyexperienced,thechildmayhavetogobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossible,forexample,providingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrain,uptoanyagehestillneedstodoso.Thisprinciple,infact,underliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopment,andisthebasisofworkinchildclinics.如果儿童发展的一个阶段被遗漏，或者没有足够的经验，儿童可能必须回去捕捉它的经验。一个好的家庭使这成为可能，例如，提供机会，让孩子玩发条车或玩具火车，直到任何年龄，他仍然需要这样做。事实上，这一原则是对发育有困难的儿童进行所有心理治疗的基础，也是儿童诊所工作的基础。可知B项“对早期经验的再现”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstagestowaitforfood,tosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.纪律是从托儿所开始的。甚至最小的婴儿被逐步教导等食物,有规律地睡眠和醒来等等。可知B项“托儿所的孩子一开始并不是有规律地睡觉和醒来”正确。

3.判断推理题。由第三段Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.催促孩子超过他的自然学习速度通常是诱人的，但这会在孩子身上建立起失败的危险感觉和焦虑状态。可知揠苗助长会到导致孩子产生两种极端情况，故应在两种极端方式之间采取保持平衡。

4.细节事实题。Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthiscooperation.Building-blocktoys,jigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples.父母和孩子都能分享的玩具和游戏是实现这种合作的重要手段。积木玩具、拼图和填字游戏都是很好的例子。由此可知拼图游戏适合建立父母与孩子之间的合作关系。故D项正确。

5.细节事实题。由末段Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild'sownhappinessandwellbeing.一般来说，施加控制代表父母的需要和社区的价值，以及儿童本身的幸福和福祉。据此可知纪律和施加控制由双重目的。故A项正确。

16.单选题

Peoplearelivinglongerandnotsavingenough,whichmeanstheywilleitherhavetowork______longer,live____lessinretirementorbailed______bythegovernment.

问题1选项

A.in...for...up

B.for...on...out

C.by...in...on

D.on...for...out

【答案】B

【解析】考查语义和固定搭配。前半句提到：人们活得越来越长，储蓄却不够。顺应的工作时间更长，退休后可依赖的资本更少，只能靠政府帮助拜托困境。for后面接“一段时间”，liveon“以……为生”，bailout“帮助摆脱困境”。因此B选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Televisionsenableustoseethingshappenalmostattheexactmoment______.

问题1选项

A.whichtheyarehappening

B.theyarehappening

C.whichtheyhappen

D.theyhavehappened

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。A选项和C选项中which均指代不清；B选项和C选项都为省略关系副词when的定语从句。B选项为现在进行时，表示事情正在发生，D选项theyhavehappened完成时态用法错误。因此，本题正确答案为B。

18.翻译题

当前我国经济发展的势头良好，经济增长基本做到了速度、质量和效益的平衡。但是，我们应该淸醒地看到，世界上没有一个国家的经济发展会长盛不衰，会永远保持高速度，中国也不例外。改革开放取得的成就是有目共睹的，但是，随着经济形势的变化，又出现了一些新的矛盾和问题，比如，国企改革问题、失业率高问题、金融风险问题以及生态环境破坏问题等。这些问题都需要我们高度重视，尽快找到有效的解决办法。

【答案】Oureconomyisdoingreallywell;wehavebasicallystruckabalancebetweenspeed,qualityandeconomicbenefitintermsofeconomicgrowth.Butweshouldbesoberlyawarethatthereisnocountryintheworldthatcanperpetuateaneconomicboomandhigh-speedgrowth,soChinawillnotbeanexception.TheachievementsofChina’sreformandopening-uphavebeenthereforalltosee,butastheeconomicclimatechanges,somenewcontradictionsandproblemsemergesagain,suchasthereformofthestate-ownedenterprises,highunemploymentrate,financialrisk,ecologicalandenvironmentaldamage,etc.Alloftheseproblemsrequireustopayhighattentiontoandfindeffectivesolutionsassoonaspossible.

19.单选题

I（）youthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek.

问题1选项

A.insist

B.confirm

C.assure

D.ensure

【答案】C

【解析】近义词辨析。sb.confirmthat证实；assuresb.that...向某人保证；sb.ensurethat...确保某事会发生。选项C更符合语境。

20.单选题

Amanhastomake（）forhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughtoliveonwhenold.

问题1选项

A.supply

B.assurance

C.provision

D.adjustment

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。makeprovisionfor指为...预先采取措施,为…作好准备。句意:一个人必须为自己的老年提前做准备,存下足够的钱以备老年之需。选项C正确。

21.单选题

ModernlorehasitthatinEnglanddeathisimminent,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced，clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.

Deathisnormal.Wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish，evenunderoptimalconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel，yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’sfutile.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Avastindustrypushedforaggressiveandexpensivetherapyforprostatecancer,despitealackofdemonstrablebenefitformanypatients.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.

Meanwhile,thekindofpalliativecareprovidedinhospicesistaughtderogatorilytomedicalstudentsasatreatmentoflastresort.In1950theUnitedStatesspent$12.7billion,or4.4percentofgrossdomesticproduct,onhealthcare.In2002thecostwillbe$1.54trillion—nearly14percentofGDP,byfarthelargestpercentagespentbyanydevelopedcountry.

Anyonecanseethatthistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Someethicistsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.

Iwouldn’tgothatfar.Notlongagosimilarargumentswereusedtojustifymandatoryretirementagesasyoungas55foremployeesinindustry,academiaandgovernment.Themessagewas“Stepaside—Iwantyourdeskandyourpaycheck.’’Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond，andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s，andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethemaladiesthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iaspiretoageasproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit,orshould.I’vewatchedasthelivesofmyfamilymembersandfriendshavebeenpainfullyprolonged.It’sastarkcontrastwiththeinexpensiveandcompassionatedeathsofmyparentsagenerationago.

Asamedicalconsumer，ImaywantMedicaretobuymemultiplecoronarybypassoperationsoradesperateroundofbone-marrowtransplantation.Asataxpayingcitizen,Iknow—intellectually，ifnotemotionally—thatthevalueofsuchmeasuresmustbeweighedagainstothersocialgoods，suchashousing，defenseandeducation.Andasaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare，haveachievedlonger，healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeoples’lives.Forexample，thefieldofalternativeandcomplementarymedicinereceivesjusta5percentchunkoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudget.

Tocreateahumanesystemofhealthcare,wemustacknowledgethatdeathanddyingarenotthemselvestheenemies.Asthepost-WorldWarIIBritishepidemiologistArchieCochraneonceobserved,curesinmedicinearerare,buttheneedfor“care”—attentionandreassurancefromapproachable,sympatheticphysiciansandcaregivers—iswidespread.Cochraneworriedthatbypursuingcuresatallcost,wewouldrestrictthesupplyofcarethatpatientscanreceive.Thisispreciselythecrisisofcontemporarymedicine:billionsforcures,andpenniesforcare.Medicinecanaccomplishgreatthingsforthegenerationnowpassing50,butonlyifwe’rewiseenoughnottoasktoomuchofit.

1.People’sdifferentattitudestowardsdeathshowthat_____.

2.Thebesthealthcare_______.

3.Palliativecareprovidedinhospices_______.

4.Thegovernmentwithfiniteresourceshadbetter_______.

5.Whatpatientsneedmostis_______.

问题1选项

A.peopleinothercountriesdon’thaveagreathealth-caresystemasAmericansdo

B.Americansrelytoomuchontheirhealth-caresystemeventochallengedeath

C.Americansareoptimistic

D.palliativecareworkswondersinAmericans

问题2选项

A.canevenchangeourgeneticprogramstoprolongourlives

B.canguaranteetheoldanunimaginablelifeofhighquality

C.shoulddoeverythingpossibletosavethepatients’life

D.haslimitstowhatitcandoandshoulddo

问题3选项

A.isnotthoughtmuchofbecauseitdoesn’tcurepatients

B.needsmuchmoremoneythanhealthcareandisunsustainable

C.isforpoorpeoplewhocan’taffordtostayinhospitalforalongtime

D.shouldbeattachedmoreimportance

问题4选项

A.balanceitsbudget