考研考博-英语-上海工商职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海工商职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners.

“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.

ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets(头盔)thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.

AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.

Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.

Duringtheseprocedures-operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered-surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.

Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”

1.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine（）.

2.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?

3.RichardSatavahasvisionsof（）.

4.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause（）.

5.Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.

问题1选项

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefieldt

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldt

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

问题2选项

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.t

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.t

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinedtothem.t

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.t

问题3选项

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseast

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldt

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonst

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseast

问题4选项

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreent

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglest

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedt

D.heiswearing3-Dglassest

问题5选项

A.causelesspaintothewoundedt

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyt

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstedioust

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecision

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节推理题。题干意思是“根据萨塔瓦，虚拟现实在医学上的应用……”。第二段提到“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（萨塔瓦说：“有了虚拟现实技术，我们将能够在每条战壕里都安置一名外科医生。”他设想有一天，在海外战斗中受伤的士兵可以被安置在配备电脑的移动手术室），由此可以推理，虚拟现实在医学上的应用可以改善战场上的医疗条件，故C项“将大大改善战场上的医疗条件”正确。A项“将使外科医生能够亲临每一个战场”，表述与原文不符；B项“可以鼓舞在战场上受伤的士兵的精神”和D项“可以缩短在战场上受伤的士兵的行动时间”文章没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“如何进行虚拟现实手术？”。根据文章第四段第三句Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.（当外科医生观察手术的三维图像时，他们移动与计算机相连的仪器，计算机将他们的动作传递给实施手术的机器人仪器）可知，C项“外科医生通过排列在机器上的计算机移动机器器械”正确。A项“它是由计算机设计的高精度设备执行的”没有提到；B项“外科医生戴着虚拟现实头盔接受电脑提供的反馈”，第三段提到Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmetsthatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.（外科医生将通过虚拟现实头盔观察士兵，头盔上有一个显示伤口图像的小屏幕），可知医生是通过头盔亲自观察士兵的伤情，而不是通过接收机器人的反馈；D项“一幅3d图像记录了外科医生在手术过程中的动作”，第五段最后一句提到Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.（在切除大脑深处的肿瘤时，她在术前拍摄的病人大脑计算机图形图像中观察手术工具的动作）可知，3d图像是医生用来观察手术工具的动作，而不是记录外科医生的动作，D项表述不正确。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第3题:细节推理题。题干意思是“萨塔瓦幻想……”。根据文章第二段第二句Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（他设想有一天，在海外战斗中受伤的士兵可以被安置在配备电脑的移动手术室）可推理，理查德•萨塔瓦设想受伤的战士可以在移动的手术室通过远程控制电脑实现被远程救治，故A项“用遥控技术治疗海外作战的受伤士兵”符合题意。B项“伤兵在战场上被医生戴着虚拟现实头盔拯救”，表述不准确，头盔是医生用来观察伤情而非实行救治的；C项“受过专门训练的外科医生对受伤士兵进行手术”，第三段最后一句提到Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.（医生们将指导战场上的移动手术室内的机器人设备为士兵进行手术），可知是通过机器人为士兵进行手术，C项错误；D项“在海外设立流动手术室”是以偏概全。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。题干意思是“在虚拟现实手术中，外科医生可以更好地看到身体的切口，因为……”。倒数第二段第一句提到Duringtheseprocedures-operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered-surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.（在这些手术过程中，通过身体的小切口进行的手术中，操作微型相机和手术工具的外科医生戴着3D眼镜，以便更好地观察），由此可知外科医生可以更好地看到身体的切口是因为3d眼镜提供的更好的视野，故D项“他戴着3d眼镜”正确。A项“他正在看电脑屏幕上的切口”，表述不够准确；B项“切口可以从不同的角度检查”和C项“切口被高度放大”文中未提及。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第5题:细节事实题。题干意思是“虚拟现实手术是传统手术的改进，因为它们……”。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan（他们还命令机器人外科医生比人类外科医生更精确地切除组织）可知，机器人外科医生比人类外科医生更能精确的实行组织切除，这是虚拟现实手术是传统手术的改进的原因；故D项“由机器人外科医生更精确地完成”正确。A项“对受伤的人造成较少的痛苦”、B项“让病人恢复得更快”和C项“将使人类外科医生的工作不那么乏味”文中均未提及。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.填空题

Scientistshavediscoveredthataddictionsmaybe（1）.AteamfromBritain’sUniversityofCambridgefoundthat（2）ofdrugaddictssharethesamebrainabnormalitiesastheirdrug（3）brothersandsisters.Theresearchteamsaidtheseabnormalbrainstructuresarelinkedto（4）self-controlanddrugdependence.Theresearcherssuggestthataddictionisinsomewaysa“（5）ofthebrain”.Thismayprovideimportantnewwaysintohelpingpeoplewithproblemsofself-controlwhenit（6）toaddictions.Thestudysoughttofindoutifdrugschangedthe“（7）”ofthebrainorwhetherthebrainsofdrugaddictswerewireddifferentlyfrom（8）.

LeadresearcherDrKarenErschetoldtheBBC:“Ithas（9）beenknownthatnoteveryonewho（10）drugsbecomesaddicted.”Shecontinued:“Itshowsthatdrugaddictionisnota（11）oflifestyle,itisadisorderofthebrainandweneedtorecognizethis.Thesebrothersandsisterswhodon’thaveaddictionproblems,whattheycantellusishowthey（12）theseproblems,howtheymanageself-controlintheir（13）life.”DrErscheandhercolleaguesstudied50（14）ofsiblings,onewithahistoryofdrugaddictionandonewithno（15）oftakingdrugs.Shecomparedthesewith50healthypeople.Sheconcluded:“Weneedtofindouthowthesenon-addictedsiblingswereabletoresistusingdrugs.”

【答案】1.hereditary

2.siblings

3.using

4.poor

5.disorder

6.comes

7.wiring

8.birth

9.long

10.take

11.choice

12.overcome

13.daily

14.pairs

15.experience

【解析】1.上下文语义。根据下文“sharethesamebrainabnormalitiesas…brothersandsisters.”，可知和他们的兄弟姐妹存在同样的异常情况，可判断出这种吸毒成瘾是与遗传相关的。故填入hereditary。

2.上下文语义。根据上文可知，吸毒成瘾与遗传有关，并且下文提到“brothersandsisters”，可判断出填入的答案与兄弟姐妹相关。故填入siblings。

3.上下文语义。根据上文siblingsofdrugaddicts，这里表达“吸毒成瘾的兄弟姐妹”，可知此处对应下文空格中的drug-（

）brothersandsisters，故填入using，drug-using“吸食毒品的”。

4.上下文语义。根据下文drugdependence“毒品依赖”，可知空格应该表达“较弱的自控力”。句意：这些异常的大脑结构与差的自控能力和药物依赖有关。故填入poor。

5.上下文语义。根据文章第二段，“itisadisorderofthebrainandweneedtorecognizethis.”，这是一种大脑紊乱的现象，我们需要认识到这一点。可判断出上下文相互照应。句意：研究人员认为，上瘾在某种程度上是一种“大脑紊乱”。故填入disorder。

6.固定搭配。根据固定搭配whenitcomesto“当提到，当涉及到……”，可知句意：当提到上瘾，这可能提供重要的新方法来帮助有自控问题的人。故填入comes。

7.上下文语义。根据下文“whetherthebrainsofdrugaddictswerewireddifferently”，可知这项研究试图找出吸毒者的大脑构造是否不同，又根据并列连词or，可知前后两句构成并列关系，空格中填入wired的动名词形式wiring，句意：这项研究试图找出是药物改变了大脑的“构造”，还是吸毒者的大脑构造发生了变化。故填入wiring。

8.上下文语义。根据文章开头提出吸毒成瘾与遗传相关，可知这里强调遗传给吸毒者的大脑构造带来的差异。句意：吸毒者的大脑构造是否与出生时不同。故填入birth。

9.固定搭配。根据固定搭配Ithasbeenlongknownthat…“长时间来众所周知的是……”，句意：一直以来众所周知的是，不是所有吸毒的人都会上瘾。故填入long。

10.固定搭配。根据固定搭配takedrugs“吸毒”，句意：不是所有吸毒的人都会上瘾。故填入take。

11.上下文语义。根据下文“itisadisorderofthebrainandweneedtorecognizethis.”，可知我们都应该认识到吸毒成瘾是一种大脑紊乱现象，可判断出吸毒成瘾并不是一种生活方式的选择。句意：这表明吸毒成瘾不是一种生活方式的选择，而是一种大脑的紊乱，我们需要认识到这一点。故填入choice。

12.上下文语义。根据文章“Thesebrothersandsisterswhodon’thaveaddictionproblems,whattheycantellus…howtheymanageself-control.”，没有成瘾问题的兄弟姐妹能够告诫我们如何自控。可判断出空格表达的意思为“如何克服问题”。句意：没有成瘾问题的兄弟姐妹能够告诫我们如何克服问题以及如何自控。故填入overcome。

13.固定搭配。固定搭配dailylife“日常生活，句意：他们在日常生活中如何实现自控。故填入daily。

14.固定搭配。根据固定搭配apairof“一对”，可知这里表达的意思为“50对兄弟姐妹”。句意：Ersche博士和她的同事调查了50对兄弟姐妹。故填入pairs。

15.上下文语义。根据并列连词and，可知前后两句构成并列关系。根据上文“onewithahistoryofdrugaddiction”，先研究了一些有毒瘾史的人，可判断出下文强调的是没有吸毒经历的人。句意：Ersche博士和她的同事研究了50对兄弟姐妹，其中一些有吸毒史，另一些没有吸毒经验。故填入experience。

3.翻译题

“Intelligence”atbestisanassumptiveconstructthemeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.(1)Thereismoreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorreferredtobythetermthanthereisonhowtointerpretorclassifythem.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Anintelligencetestisaroughmeasureofachild’scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredinschool.Itdoesnotmeasurecharacter,socialadjustment,physicalendurance,manualskills,orartisticabilities.Itisnotsupposedto—itwasnotdesignedforsuchpurposes.(2)Tocriticizeitforsuchfailureisroughly,comparabletocriticizingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.

Theotherthingwehavetonoticeis/thattheassessmentoftheintelligenceofanysubjectisessentiallyacomparativeaffair.(3)Nowsincetheassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematterwemustbesurethatthescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa“valid”or“fair”comparison.Itisherethatsomeofthedifficultieswhichinterestusbegin.Anytestperformedinvolvesatleastthreefactors:theintentiontodoone’sbest,theknowledgerequiredforunderstandingwhatyouhavetodo,andtheintellectualabilitytodoit(4)Thefirsttwomustbeequalforallwhobeingcompared)ifanycomparisonintermsofintelligenceistobemade.Inschoolpopulationsinourculturetheseassumptionscanbemadefairandreasonable,andthevalueofintelligencetestinghasbeenprovedthoroughly.Isvalueliesofcourse,initsprovidingasatisfactorybasisforprediction.Nooneisintheleastinterestedinthemarksalittlechildgetsonhistest;whatweareinterestediniswhetherwecanconcludefromhismarkonthetestthatthechildwilldobetterorworsethanchildrenofthisageattaskswhichwethinkrequire“generalintelligence”.(5)Onthewholesuchaconclusioncanbedrawnwithacertaindegreeofconfidencebutonlyifthechildcanbeassumedtohavehadthesameattitude/towardsthetestastheotherwithwhomheisbeingcompared;andonlyifhewasnotpunishedbylack,ofrelevantinformationwhichtheypossessed.

【答案】1.人们对与智能有关的各种行为，比对这些行为如何进行解释和分类，看法更不一致。

2.批评智力测试不反映上述情况，就犹如批评温度计不测风速一样。

3.既然对智力的评估是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。

4.如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一样的。

5.总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的其他孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子所具有的有关知识而被扣分。

4.单选题

Youareexposedtoobtrusiveadsthat_______seeminglyfromnowhereevenwhenyouaredisconnectedfromtheNet,andyourpersonalinformationgatheredandsentoffwithoutyoubeingawareofit.

问题1选项

A.sizeup

B.dwindleaway

C.conjureup

D.popup

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“sizeup”意为“打量；估计……的大小；判断；（使）符合要求或规格；评估”；B选项“dwindleaway”意为“减少；消失”；C选项“conjureup”意为“用魔法召唤；使想起”；D选项“popup”意为“突然出现”。句意：你接触着冒失的广告，它们似乎可以从任何地方突然冒出，甚至当你不在线时，你的个人信息也被收集和发送，而你没有意识到它。由题干可知，obtrusiveads（冒失的广告）和fromnowhere（不知从什么地方）说明这些广告会突然从某个地方冒出来。因此D选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Thegovernment（

）aheavytaxontobacco,whicharousedoppositionfromthetobaccoindustry.

问题1选项

A.pronounced

B.imposed

C.complied

D.prescribed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项pronounced“发音，断言”；B选项imposed“欺骗，把……强加于”；C选项complied“遵照”；D选项prescribed“开（药）”。句意：政府向烟草（）重税，这引起了烟草行业的不满。这里的词义是要填征收（税），所以答案选B，固定搭配imposetax“征税”。

6.单选题

It'sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofcrimeswedoknowaboutweredetected（）,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.

问题1选项

A.byaccident

B.onschedule

C.ingeneral

D.atintervals

【答案】A

【解析】byaccident偶然，意外地；onschedule按时；ingeneral通常，一般而言，总之；atintervals不时。句意：令人不安的是，我们所知道的许多罪行都是偶然发现的，而不是通过系统的检查或其他安全程序发现的。选项A符合句意。

7.不定项选择题

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruegladiators.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATprepcoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.Wesayourmotivesareselflessandsensible.AdegreefromStanfordorPrincetonistheticketforlife.IfAaronandNicoledon’tgetin,they’reforeverdoomed.Gosh,we’redelusional.

I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.It’sone-upmanshipamongparents.Weseeourkids’collegepedigreesastrophiesattestingtohowwell-orhowpoorly-we’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Admissionsanxietyafflictsonlyaminorityofparents.It’struethatgettingintocollegehasgenerallybecometougherbecausethenumberofhighschoolgraduateshasgrown.From1994to2006,theincreaseis2.8percent.Still,64percentoffreshmenattendschoolswhereacceptanceratesexceed70percent,andtheapplicationsurgeateliteschoolsdwarfspopulationgrowth.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughtrophiestogoaround.Fearfulparentsprodtheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.“Theepicentersofparentalanxietyusedtobeonthecoasts:Boston,NewYork,Washington,LosAngeles,saysTomParker,Amherst’sadmissionsdean.“Butit’sradiatedthroughoutthecountry.”

Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthat’splausible-andmostlywrong.“Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters,”saysErnestT.PascarellaoftheUniversityofIowa,co-authorofHowCollegeAffectsStudents,an827evaluationofhundredsofstudiesofthecollegeexperience.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools,accordingtoastudybyPascarellaandGeorgeKuhofIndianaUniversity.Somedo;somedon’t.Ontwomeasures-professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams-selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2percentto4percentforevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudybyPrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerandStacyBergDaleofMathematicaPolicyResearchexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.

Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarket,graduateschool—theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.KruegerstudiedadmissionstoonelopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGraduateRecordExamhelpedexplainwhogotin;IvyLeaguedegreesdidn’t.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyofstudents20yearsoutfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

Whatfiresparents’fanaticismistheirself-servingdesiretoannouncetheirownsuccess?ManySuccumb;Ididn’tlocatedmyidealschoolformydaughter.Shegotinandwentelsewhere.Takethat,Dad.Ilocatedtheidealschoolformyson.Heck,hewouldn’tevenvisittheplace.Pow,Dad.Theybothlovetheirschoolsandseemamplystimulated.FoolishDad.

6.Theword“gladiators”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans（）

7.Theauthor’sattitudetotheparents’claim“ourmotivesareselflessandsensible”isoneof（）

8.Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthat（）

9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutselectiveschoolsisTRUE?

10.Theauthorsuggeststhatparentsnotimposetheirambitionontheirchildrenbecause（）

问题1选项

A.colossus

B.commanders.

C.warriors.

D.gluttons.

问题2选项

A.antipathy.

B.apathy.

C.ambivalence.

D.dissent.

问题3选项

A.Americanyouthhavefewerchoicesbuttogotoeliteschools.

B.thecompetitionforeliteschoolsisfiercerintheUnitedStates.

C.theparentsshouldnotputtoomuchpressureontheirchildren.

D.thechildren’sfuturewillbebleakwithoutgoingtoeliteschools.

问题4选项

A.Selectiveschoolsofferbetterinstructionalapproachestotheirstudents.

B.Therearemoreassayexamsinselectiveschoolsthanotherschools.

C.Theirnewteachingmethodssecuretheirgraduates’highsalaries.

D.Theydon’toutperformotherschoolsintermsofprofessors’feedback.

问题5选项

A.toomuchpressuremightleadtounsatisfactoryresults.

B.theirownambitionshouldn’tberealizedbytheirchildren.

C.theirchildrenmightpracticejob-hoppingfrequently.

D.theirchildrenmightnotsharesimilarinterestswiththem.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】6.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段第一句Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruegladiators.（在大学入学的战争中，我们父母是真正的角斗士）。C选项“战士”与“角斗士”的意思相近，因此C选项正确。A选项“巨人”，不符合文章内容。B选项“指挥官”，不符合文章内容。选项D“贪吃的人”不符合词义，可排除。因此C选项正确。

7.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】观点态度题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段倒数第三句Wesayourmotivesareselflessandsensible.（我们说我们的动机是无私和理智的。）D选项“不同意的”正确，根据下文内容可推测，父母宣称是无私的和明智的是虚假的，因此作者不同意这个观点。A选项“反感的”，可排除。B选项“冷漠的”，作者态度并不是冷漠的，可排除。C选项“矛盾”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。

8.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第四段（我们有一种全面的威望恐慌；我们担心没有足够的奖杯。恐惧的父母催促他们的孩子申请比以往更多的学校。阿默斯特学院招生主任汤姆•帕克（TomParker）说，过去，父母焦虑的中心集中在沿海地区：波士顿、纽约、华盛顿和洛杉矶）。选项C“父母不应该给孩子太多的压力”，文中所说父母催促孩子申请比以往更多的学校，因此可推测，父母给孩子的压力过大，C选项正确。选项A“美国年轻人的选择很少，只能去精英学校”，不符合文章内容，可排除。选项B“在美国，精英学校的竞争更加激烈”，不符合文章内容，可排除，选项D“如果不上精英学校，孩子们的未来将是暗淡的”，没有必然的关系。因此C选项正确。

9.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第六段中最后一句Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.（他们挣的钱和那些地位较高的学校的毕业生一样多）。D选项“在教授反馈方面，他们的表现并不优于其他学校”，由挣钱这一点反映，他们的表现并不优于其他学校，D选项正确。A选项“重点学校为学生提供更好的教学方法。”文章第五段提到“名校并不比非名校系统地采用更好的教学方法”，因此A选项可排除。B选项“重点学校的考试比其他学校多。”第五段最后一句提到“教授的反馈和论文考试的数量——重点学校的表现略差”，B选项可排除。C选项“他们的新教学方法确保了毕业生的高薪”，文中第六段提到“他们挣的钱和那些地位较高的学校的毕业生一样多”，因此C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。

10.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】作者意图题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第二段TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.（我们强加给孩子们的雄心壮志可能会让一些孩子进入哈佛，但也可能会让他们失望）。由此可知选项A“太多的压力可能会导致不满意的结果”，符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“他们自己的抱负不应该由他们的孩子来实现”，文章没有提到父母的抱负让孩子实现，B选项可排除。C选项“他们的孩子可能经常跳槽”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“他们的孩子可能和他们没有共同的兴趣爱好”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。

8.翻译题

Canapersonconsiderhimselfathinking,creative,responsiblecitizenandnotcareabouthistory?Cananinstitutionthatproposestofostersuchattributesdosowithoutincludinghistoryinitscurriculum?Manycollegestudentswouldanswersuchaquestionwithanimmediate"Yes!"Butthosewhoarequicktoanswerdosowithoutreflectingonwhathistorytrulyisandhowandwhyitisimportant.

Historyisboring,complainmanystudents.Unfortunately,alotofpeoplepickupabadtasteofhistoryfromtheprimaryandsecondaryschools.Toomanylower-levelhistorycourses(andcollegelevel,too)arerifewithrotememorizationofdatesandeventsdeemedimportantbytheteacherandtextbooks,coupledwithmonotonelecturesthatcouldinducecomasinhyperactivechildren.

InsteadofsimplymakingstudentsmemorizewhenPearlHarborwasattackedbyJapanese,teachersshouldconcentrateoninstillinganunderstandingofwhytheJapanesefelttheyhadnoalternativebuttoattacktheUnitedStates.Historyisadisciplineofunderstanding,notmemorization.

Anothercommoncomplaintisthathistoryisunimportant.Buteventhemostfanaticantihistorystudents,iftheywerehonest,wouldhavetoadmitthathistoryisimportantatleastwithinthenarrowconfinesoftheirowndisciplinesofstudy.Whybeanartistifyouaremerelygoingtorepeatthepast(andprobablynotasexpertly,sinceyouwouldhavetospendyourtimeformulatingtheoriesRevolutionagain?Howcouldanyonehopetobeamathematician,orascientist,withoutknowingthefield'shistory?Evenageniusneedsabasefromwhichtobuild.Historyhelpsprovidethatbase.

【答案】（1）一个人可以自认为是有思想、有创造性、有责任心的人，却对历史毫不在意吗？一所提倡培养人的这类优秀品质的学院会没有历史课程吗？

（2）很多低年级的历史课程（甚至是大学的历史课程）都只是要求学生对老师和教科书认为重要的历史日期和事件进行死记硬背，还伴随着枯燥乏味的讲课，使原本思想活跃的学生都变得昏昏欲睡。

（3）老师们不宜让学生只是简单记住日本偷袭珍珠港事件的时间，还应该将日本为何别无选择地袭击美国的原因慢慢灌输给学生，最终让他们理解。

（4）然而，即使是那些十分盲目地反对历史的学生，只要他们还算诚实，也不得不承认，至少在他们自己所学的学科中，历史对他们来说是重要的。

（5）如果一个人不知道数学界或科学领域的历史，他又怎能有望成为数学家或者科学家呢？即使是颇有天赋的人，也需要有一个良好的基础去发展成为天才。历史就是帮助打牢基础的关键因素。

9.不定项选择题

Everyday25millionU.S.childrenrideschoolbuses.Thesafetyrecordforthesebusesismuchbetterthanforpassengercars;butnevertheless,about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.Byandlarge,however,thenation’sschoolchildrenaretransportedtoandfromschoolsafe.

Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbusaccidentsisnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory.

Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations--arguethatseatbeltsarenecessarynotonlytoreducefatalityandinjury,butalsototeachchildrenlessonsabouttheimportanceofusingthemroutinelyinanymovingvehicle.Asidebenefit,theypointout,isthatseatbeltshelpkeepchildrenintheirseats,awayfromthebusdriver.

PeoplewhoobjecttoseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration’s(NHTSA)safetyrequirementssetin1977.Theyalsobelievethatmanychildrenwon’twearseatbeltsanyway,andthatmaydamagethebeltsorusethemasweaponstohurtotherchildren.

AnewResearchcouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggestthattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive.Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts.

ThereportsponsoredbytheDepartmentoftransportationattherequestofCongress,reviewsseatbeltsextensivelywhiletakingabroaderlookatsafetyinandaroundschoolbuses.

1.Eachyear,childrenkilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzonesareabout（）.

2.Whichofthesewordsisnearestinmeaningtothewords“aredivided”inParagraph2?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontroloftheschoolbuses’“safety”?

4.Itmaybeinferredfromthispassagethat（）.

5.Thebesttitlewhichexpressestheideaofthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.10

B.40

C.30

D.50

问题2选项

A.disagree

B.separate

C.arrange

D.concern

问题3选项

A.ANewResearchCouncil

B.TheDepartmentofTransportation

C.TheMedicalOrganizations

D.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration

问题4选项

A.manyoftheopponentsofseatbeltinstallationareparentsandofficialsoftheDepartmentofTransportation

B.proposalofseatbeltsonschoolbuseswouldbeseriouslyconsidered

C.analternatesafetydevice(raisingseatbacksfourinches)maybetakenintoconsideration

D.TheDepartmentofTransportationmayeithertaketheideaofseatbeltsorothermeasureswhenitreviewsthewholesituation

问题5选项

A.MakingSchoolBusesEvenSaferforChildren

B.SeatBeltsNeededonSchoolBuses

C.AlternateSafetyDevicesandProcedures

D.SafetyinandaroundSchoolBuses

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第一段...about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.（……每年约有10名儿童在乘坐大型校车时死亡，而在校车外装载区的死亡人数几乎是这个数字的4倍。），可知B选项“40”正确；A,C,D选项不符合题意。因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:语义推测题。根据关键字aredivide可以定位到第二段peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory（人们存在分歧——尤其是安全带是否应该被强制使用）由安全带是否应该被强制使用人们存在两种意见，则A选项“不同意；不一致；争执”正确；B选项“分开的；单独的；分离，分开；隔开；分手；可搭配穿着的单件衣服；抽印本；独