汽车专业 毕业论文 毕业设计 外文 文献 翻译 中英文 电动汽车空调系统发展趋势

PAGEPAGE10外文翻译：Electricautomobileairconditioningsystemtrendofdevelopment1.electricautomobileairconditioningsystemGlobalwarming,airpollutionandhigherenergycostsandotherproblemshavebecomemoresevere,asenvironmentalpollutionandenergyconsumptionisoneofthemajorsourcesofenergysavingandemissionreduction,theproblemismoreandmoreextensiveattention,governmentsandautomobileenterpriseswillbeenergysavingandenvironmentalprotectionasthefutureofautomotivetechnologydevelopmentdirectionofenergysavingandenvironmentalprotection,suchastheelectricemergeasthetimesrequire.Electricvehicleissetcartechnology,electronicandcomputertechnology,electrochemicaltechnology,energyandnewmaterialstechnologyinoneofthehigh-techproducts,andcommoninternalcombustionenginevehicles,hastheadvantagesofnopollution,lownoiseandsavepetroleumresourcecharacteristics.Basedontheaboveelectricvehiclecharacteristics,itisverylikelytobecomethehumananewgenerationofcleanenvironmentallyfriendlytransportation,itspopularizationhastheinestimablesignificance.Electricvehicleemergedforelectricautomobileair-conditioningresearchanddevelopmentofferrednewtaskandchallenge.Automotiveairconditioningfunctionisputinsidethetemperature,humidity,aircleanlinessandairflowismaintainedinacomfortablestate.Invariousclimateconditions,electriccarshouldmaintainthecomfortablestate,toprovideacomfortabledrivingandridingenvironment.Inaddition,asetofenergy-savingandefficientairconditioningsystemonelectricvehiclemarketalsoplaysanimportantrole.Therefore,inthedevelopmentofelectricvehiclesatthesametime,necessarytosupporttheairconditioningsystemdevelopmentandresearch.Forthetraditionalfuelautomobileair-conditioningsystems,refrigerationmainlyusestheenginedrivensteamcompressionrefrigerationsystemforcoolingandheating,usingwasteheatfromfuelengine.Butfortheelectricautomobileinthepureelectricvehiclesandfuelcellvehicles,noairconditioningcompressorengineaspowersource,alsocannotprovideasautomotiveairconditioningheatingusingheatsourceinwinter,soitcannotbedirectlyusingconventionalautomotiveairconditioningsystemsolutions;forhybridcars,theenginecontrolmeansdiversity,sotheairconditioningcompressoralsocannotusetheenginedirectlydrivingscheme.Integratedtheabovereasons,theelectricvehicledevelopmentprocess,muststudyforelectricvehicleusinganewtypeofairconditioningsystem.Forelectriccar,thecarhasahighvoltageDCpowersupply,therefore,theuseofelectricheatpumptypeairconditioningsystem,compressorwithmotordirectdriveelectricvehicle,becomefeasiblesolution.2.thecharacteristicsofelectricvehicleairconditioningElectricautomobileairconditionerandcommonairconditioningdevice,electricvehicleairconditioningdeviceandcarenvironmenthasthefollowingcharacteristics:①automotiveairconditioningsystemmountedonamovingvehicle,towithstandthesevereandfrequentvibrationandshock,requirementsofelectricvehicleairconditioningdevicestructureinthevariouscomponentsshouldhavesufficientresistancetovibrationandimpactstrengthandgoodsealingperformanceofthesystem;②electriccarmostlyshortdistancewalking,ridinginarelativelyshorttime,pluselectriccaroccupantspaceratio,theheatgeneratedisrelativelyhigh,relativelylargeheatloadofairconditioning,refrigeration,heatingandhastheadvantagesoffastspeedability;③electricautomobileairconditioningistheuseofthecarbatterytoprovideDCpower,theworkingefficiencyofthecompressorishigh,controlofhighreliability,convenientmaintenance;④automobilebodyheatinsulationlayeristhin,anddoorsandwindows,largeglassarea,insulationperformanceispoor,electriccarisnoexception,resultinginseriouscarheatleakage;⑤insidethefacilitiesisruggedandseat,airdistributionorganizationisdifficult,difficulttoachieveuniformairflowdistribution.3.domesticandinternationalcurrentsituationofthedevelopmentofelectricvehicleairconditioning①domesticelectriccarair-conditioningdevelopmentstatusTheearlydomesticelectriccarduetobatterycapacityconstraints,inordernottoaffectelectricvehiclemileage,mostelectriccarsarenotequippedwithairconditioningsystem.Withthedomesticelectriccargraduallyindustrialization,marketization,electricvehiclesmustbeequippedwithairconditioningsystem.Duetotheuniqueeffectsofelectricvehiclestoelectricvehicles,thepureelectricvehiclesandfuelcellvehicles,noairconditioningcompressorengineaspowersource,alsocannotprovideasautomotiveairconditioningheatingusingheatsourceinwinter,domesticcarmanufacturersfromthetraditionalfuelautomobileairconditionerbasedonpartialreplacementofdesign,willfueltheenginetodrivethethecompressorisreplacedbyaDCmotordirectdrivecompressors,controlcorrespondingchange,tocompletetherefrigerationfunction,thereplacementdesigneffecttoresolvethebasicproblemofelectricautomobileair-conditioningrefrigeration,butthecoolingefficiencytobeimproved.Duetothelackoffueltotheenginewasteheatgeneratedbyheating,domesticmanufacturersmainlyusePTCheatingandelectricheatingpipe,theheatingmodecanmeettheheatingeffect,buttheseheatingmodeishardontheconsumptionofelectricvehiclebatterypower,theheatingefficiencyisrelativelylow,affectelectricvehiclemileage.Airconditioningintheselectionofthemainparts,thecurrentdomesticelectriccarinadditiontothecompressorandcontrolmode,theothermainpartsortheuseoffuelautomotiveairconditioningparts,condensingequipmentismainlyusedtoparallelflowcondenser,evaporatorismainlyusedtolaminatedevaporator,throttledeviceisstillathermostaticexpansionvalve,arefrigerantisstillR134a.Accordingtotheincompleteunderstanding,thedomesticindevelopingelectricvehiclemanufacturerssuchasChery,BYD,FAW,SAIC,JAC.thecurrentelectricvehicleairconditioningfacilitiesbasicallysimilar,isinthedevelopmentpresentsituation.②currentsituationofthedevelopmentofforeignelectricvehicleairconditioningForeignelectricautomobileairconditionerdevelopmentrelativetodomesticabroadisrelativelymature,thereisnolackofelectricautomobileairconditionerwithdomesticsimilarpatterns,butintheheatpumpelectricautomobileairconditioningalreadyhadcertainfoundation,JapanHondapureelectriccarsuseelectricdrivenheatpumptypeairconditioningsystem,systemhasabuilt-inReverseConverterControlcompressionpump.Inaddition,inverycoldareas,sometypeofcustomerscanbeoptionalafuelheaterheatingsystem.Japanelectric(DENSO)companyafewyearsearlierdevelopedusingR134arefrigerantelectriccarair-conditioningheatpumpsystem,theheatpumpsystemusedinthecarinsideaircondenserandevaporatorstructure.Electric(DENSO)Companyin2003alsodevelopedasaresultofnaturalrefrigerantCO2goodthermalphysicalproperties,DensoJapancompanyforelectriccardevelopsasetofCO2heatpumpairconditioningsystem,alsousedintheairductsystemisarrangedinthe2heatexchanger,andR134asystemisdifferentwhenthesystemforrefrigerationmodewhentherefrigerantflowsthroughthecondenser,andinternalandexternalcondenser.Inordertoreducetheairconditioningonbatterypowerconsumption,theUnitedStatesofAmericaAmerigoncompanydevelopedair-conditioningseat,thechairisprovidedwithathermoelectricheatpump,heatpumpactionisthroughtheneedtoregulatethetemperatureinspaceoutsidethewatertanktotransferheat,therebyrealizingtheneedtoregulatethetemperatureofspacerefrigerationorheating.Thiskindofairconditioningseatinadditiontoenergysavingbutalsocanimprovethedriving,ridingcomfort,inelectricvehiclesupportingtheuseofsuitable.Therefore,theforeignelectricautomobileairconditionerfromenergyefficientandpracticalbreakthrough,domesticelectriccarair-conditioningindustryshouldactivelytostudyoverseasadvancedtechnology,drawlessonsfrom,andonthebasisofinnovationbreakthrough.4．thedevelopmenttrendofelectricvehicleairconditioningElectricautomobiledrivingenergyfromthebattery,whichisdifferentfromthetraditionalfuelautomobile,madeittotheairconditioningsystemalsodifferedfromthefuelofautomobileairconditioner,asadrivesourceofenergyforthelimitedbatterycapacity,theenergyconsumptionofairconditioningsystemonelectricvehiclemileagehasbiggereffect.Comparedwithcars,carairconditioningsystemenergysavingandhighefficiencyraisedtallerrequirement.Atthesametime,theelectriccarair-conditioningrefrigeration,heatingtosolvetwoproblems.Accordingtotheelectriccarspecialproperties,theelectricautomobileairconditionerusingthermoelectric(I)airconditioningsystemandelectricheatpumptypeairconditioningsystem.

1).athermoelectric(I)electricvehicleairconditioningsystemThetechnologyhasmanysuitableforelectricvehiclesusecharacteristics,andwiththetraditionalmechanicalcompressiontypeairconditioningsystemcompared,thermoelectricairconditioninghasthefollowingcharacteristics:①thermoelectricelementsworktoDCpowersupply;②changethedirectionofthecurrenttogeneraterefrigeration,heatingtheconverseeffect;=3\*GB3③thermoelectricrefrigerationpieceofthermalinertiaissmall,coolingtimeisveryshort,thehotendheatwellcoldendloadcases,energizedinlessthanaminute,therefrigerationsheetcanachievethemaximumtemperaturedifference;④componentforregulatingcurrentsizecanadjustrefrigerationspeedandtemperature,thetemperaturecontrolprecisioncanreach0.001℃,andcaneasilyrealizethecontinuousregulatingenergy;⑤inthecorrectdesignandapplicationconditions,therefrigerationefficiencycanreachabove90%,andtheheatingefficiencyisgreaterthan1;⑥hastheadvantagesofsmallvolume,lightweight,compactstructure,reducestheelectricvehiclekerbmass;highreliability,longservicelifeandconvenientmaintenance;nomovingcomponents,therefore,novibration,nofriction,nonoiseandimpactresistance.2).theheatpumptypeairconditioningsystemforelectricautomobileTheheatpumptypeairconditioningsystemontheoriginalfuelcartobeimproved,thecompressoriscomposedofpermanentmagnetbrushlessDCmotorfordirectdrive,thesystemandtheordinaryheatpumpairconditioningsystemhavenoessentialdifference,asinelectricvehicles,compressorandothermajorcomponentshasitsparticularity.Andforeignheatpumptechnologyhashadcertainfoundation,thebiggestadvantageisthattherefrigeration,heatingefficiencyishigh,relevantenterprisedevelopmentoffullclosedelectricscrollcompressor,iscomposedofaDCbrushlessmotordrive,throughtherefrigerantreturnaircooling,withlownoise,smallvibration,compactstructure,lightweightetc..Inthetestconditionsfortheenvironmentaltemperatureof40degreesCelsius,thetemperatureinsidethecaris27℃,50%relativehumidityconditions,whenthesystemisstableitto1kWenergy2.9kWrefrigerationquantity;whentheenvironmentaltemperatureis-l0C,thetemperatureinsidethecarto25DEGC,1kWcangetthe2.3kWheatingenergyconsumption.Inthe-l0℃to40℃underambienttemperature,bothwithhighefficiencyforelectricvehiclestoprovideacomfortabledrivingenvironment.Ifthecomponenttechnologyisimproved,thecorrespondingefficiencycanalsobeimproved.Basedontheabovementioned,fromairconditioningtechnologyismatureandthesourcesofenergytouseefficiencycomparison,forthermoelectric(I)electricvehicleairconditioningsystem,theexistenceofthermoelectricmaterials,figureofmeritislow,performanceisnotideal,andthethermopileoutputbyconstituteathermoelectricelementelementyieldlimithoof.Doesnothavetheelectricautomobileair-conditioningenergyefficiencyrequirements.Thismakestheelectricautomobileairconditioneraremoreinclinedtouseenergyefficientheatpumptypeairconditioner,thetechnicalschemefordifferenttypesofmotorvehiclehasgoodcommonality,andthevehiclestructuralchangeissmall,isthefuturedevelopmenttrendofelectricvehicleairconditioning.Theheatpumptypeelectricautomobileairconditionerbiggestweaknessisthelowtemperatureheatingproblems,especiallyinthenortheastregion,whichisalsothefutureoftheindustryresearchproblem.Inordertomaketheheatpumptypeelectricautomobileairconditionermoreenergyefficient,canfromthefollowingaspectstosolve:①todevelopmoreefficientDCscrollcompressor;②developmentcontrolismoreaccurate,moreenergy-efficientsiliconelectronicexpansionvalve;③usinganefficientparallelflowcondenser;④improvemicrochannelevaporatorstructure,sothattherefrigerantevaporatesmoreuniform.Inaddition,thenumberofelectriccardooropenandindrivingbyspeed,light,speedandotherfactors,airconditioningheatload.Thecompressorandtheairconditioningsystemtoadapttothechangeofconditionfactors,sotheheatpumptypeairconditioningsystemforelectricautomobilevariationaldesignisparticularlyimportant.

电动汽车空调系统发展趋势一、电动汽车空调系统全球气候变暖、大气污染以及能源成本高涨等问题日趋严峻，汽车作为环境污染和能源消耗的主要来源之一，其节能减排问题受到了越来越广泛的重视，各国政府和汽车企业均将节能环保当作未来汽车技术发展的指导方向，这样节能环保的电动也就应运而生。电动汽车是集汽车技术、电子及计算机技术、电化学技术、能源与新材料技术于一体的高新技术产品，与普通内燃机汽车相比，具有无污染、噪声低及节省石油资源的特点。基于以上电动汽车的特点，它极有可能成为人类新一代的清洁环保交通工具，它的推广普及具有不可估量的重要意义。电动汽车的出现也为电动汽车空调的研究开发提出了新的课题与挑战。汽车空调的功能就是把车厢内的温度、湿度、空气清洁度及空气流动性保持在使人感觉舒适的状态。在各种气候环境条件下，电动汽车车厢内应保持舒适状态，以提供舒适的驾驶和乘坐环境。另外，拥有一套节能高效的空调系统对电动汽车开拓市场也起到至关重要的作用。因此，在开发研制电动汽车同时,必然也要对其配套的空调系统进行开发与研制。对于目前传统燃油汽车空调系统，制冷主要采用发动机驱动的蒸汽压缩式制冷系统进行降温，而制热主要采用燃油发动机产生的余热。而对于电动汽车中的纯电动汽车以及燃料电池汽车来说，没有发动机作为空调压缩机的动力源，也不能提供作为汽车空调冬天制热用的热源，因此无法直接采用传统汽车空调系统的解决方案；对于混合动力车型来说，发动机的控制方式多样，故空调压缩机也不能采用发动机直接驱动的方案。综合以上原因，在电动汽车的开发过程中，必须研究适合电动汽车使用的新型空调系统。对于电动汽车来说，车上拥有高压直流电源，因此，采用电动热泵型空调系统，压缩机采用电机直接驱动，成为电动汽车可行的解决方案。二、电动汽车空调的特点电动汽车空调与普通空调装置相比，电动汽车空调装置以及车内环境主要有以下特点：1、汽车空调系统安装在运动的车辆上，要承受剧烈而频繁的振动与冲击，要求电动汽车空调装置结构中的各个零部件都应具有足够抗振动冲击的强度和良好的系统气密性能；2、电动汽车大部分属于短距离代步，乘坐时间较短，加上电动汽车内乘员所占空间比大，产生的热量相对较多，相对热负荷大，要求空调具有快速制冷、制热和低速运行能力；3、电动汽车空调使用的是车上蓄电池提供的直流电源，压缩机工作效率高，控制可靠性高，维护方便；4、汽车车身隔热层薄，而且门窗多，玻璃面积大，隔热性能差，电动汽车也不例外，致使车内漏热严重；5、车内设施高低不平且有座椅，气流分配组织困难，难以做到气流分布均匀。三、国内外电动汽车空调发展现状1、国内电动汽车空调发展现状早期的国产电动汽车由于受到蓄电池能力的限制，为了不影响电动汽车的续行里程，大多数电动汽车都没有配备空调系统。随着国内电动汽车逐步产业化、市场化，电动汽车必然要配备空调系统。由于受到电动汽车独特性影响，对于电动汽车中的纯电动汽车以及燃料电池汽车来说，没有发动机作为空调压缩机的动力源，也不能提供作为汽车空调冬天制热用的热源，国内汽车厂家就从传统燃油汽车空调的基础上进行部分替换设计，将燃油发动机带动的压缩机替换成直流电机直接驱动的压缩机，控制上相应改变，来完成空调制冷的功能，目前替换设计效果基本能解决电动汽车空调的制冷问题，但制冷效率有待提高。由于没有燃油发动机产生的余热，制热功能国内厂家目前主要采用PTC加热和电热管加热，这些加热模式虽能满足制热效果，但这些加热模式都是硬消耗电动汽车上的蓄电池电能，制热效率相对较低，影响电动汽车的续行里程。在空调的主要零部件选用上，目前国内的电动汽车除了压缩机和控制模式，其他主要零部件还是沿用燃油汽车空调的零部件，冷凝设备主要用的是平行流冷凝器，蒸发设备主要用的是层叠式蒸发器，节流装置仍然是热力膨胀阀，制冷剂仍然是R134a。据不完全了解，国内在大力开发电动汽车的厂家如奇瑞、比亚迪、一汽、上汽、江淮等目前电动汽车空调配套情况基本差不多，都处于上述的发展现状。2、国外电动汽车空调发展现状国外电动汽车空调发展相对国内来说较成熟，国外电动汽车空调不乏有跟国内相似的模式，但在热泵电动汽车空调上已经有了一定的基础，日本本田纯电动车就采用了电驱动热泵式空调系统，系统中内置了一个反换流器控制压缩泵。此外，在特别寒冷的地区使用时，部分车型顾客可以选装一个燃油加热器采暖系统。日本电装（