(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第二册 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．tutorn．(英国大学中的)助教；导师；家庭教师2．citevt.引用；引述3．messengern．送信人；信使4．cultureshock文化冲击5．zonen．(有别于周围的)地区；地带；区域6．settingn．环境；背景；(小说等的)情节背景7．tremendousadj.巨大的；极大的8．matureadj.成熟的9．boomvi.&n．迅速发展；繁荣10．perspectiven．(思考问题的)角度；观点11．envoyn．使者；使节；代表12．outlookn．前景；可能性；观点13．beltn．腰带；地带14．initiativen．倡议；新方案15．Rome罗马(意大利首都)；(史)罗马城；罗马帝国16．theBeltandRoadInitiative“一带一路”倡议Ⅱ.记重点单词1．complexadj.复杂的；难懂的；(语法)复合的2．recallvt.&vi.记起；回想起3．firmn．公司；商行；事务所adj.结实的，坚硬的；牢固的；坚定的4．insightn．洞察力；眼光5．graspvt.理解；领会；抓紧6．expensen．费用；花费；开销7．denyvt.否认；否定；拒绝8．gainvt.获得；赢得；取得；增加n．好处；增加9．anglen．角；角度；立场10．sincerelyadv.真诚地；诚实地11．budgetn．预算12．outcomen．结果；效果Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．qualificationn．(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历→qualifyvt.&vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格→qualifiedadj.有资格的；称职的2．ambitionn．追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→ambitiousadj.有野心的；有雄心的3．adaptationn．适应；改编本→adaptvt.(使)适应；改编4．comfortn．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸vt.安慰；抚慰→comfortableadj.令人舒适的；舒服的→uncomfortableadj.不舒服的5．participatevi.参加；参与→participationn．参加；参与→participantn．参与者6．presentationn．报告；陈述；出示；拿出→presentvt.颁发；赠送；呈递n．礼物adj.现在的；出席的7．engagevi.参加；参与(活动)vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)；(使)参加；吸引；雇用→engagedadj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的→engagementn．订婚；约定8．involvevt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加→involvedadj.参与的；投入的→involvementn．参与9．editionn．(报纸、杂志)一份；(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑；版次→editvt.编辑；剪辑→editorn．编辑；编者10．overwhelmingadj.无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的→overwhelmvt.(常用于被动语态)使不知所措；压倒11．homesicknessn．思乡病；乡愁→homesickadj.想家的；思乡的12．motivatedadj.积极的；主动的→motivationn．动力；积极性；动机→motivatevt.成为……的动机；激发；激励13．advisorn．(also-ser)顾问→advisevt.&vi.建议；劝告→advicen．建议；忠告14．reasonableadj.有道理的；合情理的→reasonablyadv.有理地；合理地→reasonn．原因；道理vi.推理vt.推断→unreasonableadj.不合理的；不公正的15．expectationn．期望；预期；期待→expectvt.预料；期望16．applicantn．申请人→applyvi.申请vt.应用；适用；涂；敷→applicationn．申请；申请书→appn．应用程序17．exposuren．接触；体验；暴露；揭露→exposevt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)18．departuren．离开；启程；出发→departvi.&vt.离开；启程；出发19．dramaticadj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的；喜剧(般)的→dramaticallyadv.突然地；戏剧地；引人注目地→draman．戏剧；戏剧性事件20．behavevt.表现vi.&vt.表现得体；有礼貌→behaviour/behaviorn．行为；举止21．surroundingsn．[pl.]环境；周围的事物→surroundingadj.周围的；附近的→surroundvt.包围；围绕22．depressedadj.沮丧的；意志消沉的→depressvt.使沮丧；使忧愁→depressionn．沮丧；抑郁23．strengthenvi.&vt.加强；增强；巩固→strongadj.强壮的→strengthn．体力；优点24．optimisticadj.乐观的→optimismn．乐观主义25．competencen．能力；胜任；本领→competentadj.有能力的；称职的26．cooperatevi.合作；协作；配合→cooperationn．合作；协作27．logicaladj.合乎逻辑的；合情合理的→logicallyadv.逻辑上地→logicn．逻辑(学)；道理Ⅳ.背核心短语1．participatein参加；参与2．speakup大声点说；明确表态3．feelathome舒服自在；不拘束4．engagein(使)从事；参与5．getinvolvedin参与；卷入；与……有关联6．comfortzone舒适区；舒适范围7．costanarmandaleg(使)花一大笔钱8．sidewith支持；站在……的一边9．asfarasIknow据我所知10．asfarasIamconcerned就我而言；依我看来11．insummary总的来说；总之12．generallyspeaking一般来说1．independencen．独立independentadj.独立的；有主见的2．indicatevt.指示；表明3．industryn．产业4．influencen．&vt.影响5．informaladj.非正式的6．innocentadj.清白的；无辜的7．insertvt.插入8．inspectvt.检查；检验；审视1．ItwasthefirsttimethatshehadleftChina.(Itwasthefirsttimethat＋过去完成时)这是她第一次离开中国。2．IhadtolearnhowtousepublictransportandhowtoaskforthingsIdidn’tknowtheEnglishnamesfor.(疑问词＋不定式)我不得不学习如何使用公共交通工具，如何要到我不知道英语名字的东西。3．Atfirst，XieLeihadnoideawhatsheshouldsay，butwhatsurprisedherwasthatshefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.(what引导的同位语从句)刚开始的时候，谢蕾不知道该说些什么，但令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。4．Somemaystruggleandsufferfromcultureshockwhenlearninghowtobehaveinnewsurroundings.(状语从句的省略)在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些人可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨。5．Tosumup，onecannotdenythefactthatstudyingabroadhasitsdisadvantages，sowhenyouthinkaboutstudyingabroad，youshouldconsiderthesemanyfactors.(onecannotdenythefactthat...某人不可否认……)综上所述，我们无法否认的事实是：留学有其弊端。因此当你想要海外求学时，应当考虑上述诸多因素。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。eq\x(motivate，cooperate，competent，applicant，expose，depress)IhavestudiedforbusinessqualificationatPekingUniversityforoneyear.Irecallthatfacedwithcomplexsurroundingsanddramaticchanges，Isufferedfromtremendouspressureandhomesickness，whichmademe1.depressedinthebeginning.Butbeinganambitious，optimisticandmaturestudent，Imanagedto2.motivatemyselftostepoutofmycomfortzone.Igraspedeverychancetospeakupandofferlogicalpresentationsinclass，petent.IengagedintheLiteratureClubtostrengthenmyliteraryoutlookonlife.IgotinvolvedintheBasketballAssociationsothatIeratewithothers.Iparticipatedinsomeothermeaningfulactivities.Thereisnodenyingthatallofthemcouldmakemeseethingsfromdifferentanglesandhavemorereasonableinsightsintodailyaffairs.AsfarasI’mconcerned,5.exposedtothesurroundingsettings，Igraduallyfeltathome.Justastheoldsayinggoes，“Nopains，nogains.”NowIcanbehaveperfectlyatuniversity.Furthermore，becauseIwasonatightbudget，Itookupapositionasatutortocovermydailyexpensesandtuitionfees，whichcostmyfamilyanarmandaleg.Nowmyambitionistobecomeanadvisorforexchangestudentstobroadenmyglobalperspective.Amongsomany6.applicants，IbelievethatIamqualifiedforthejobbecauseIhavefirmdetermination.Whatevertheoutcomeis，I’llsidewiththeschool’sdecision.Insummary，nowIamconfidentinmyexpectationofsettingmyownfirminthefuture.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇comfortn．舒适；安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物vt.安慰；抚慰(comfortableadj.舒适的；舒服的uncomfortableadj.不舒服的)•beacomforttosb.对某人来说是个安慰incomfort＝comfortably舒适地•comfortsb.withsth.用某物安慰某人(1)Myambitionistolivecomfortably(comfort)inthesuburbsofthecityinthefuture.(2)每当我感觉低落的时候，我妈妈总是用鼓舞人心的话语安慰我。WheneverIfeeldown，mymotheralwayscomfortsmewithinspiringwords.(3)就我个人而言，在寒冷的夜晚喝杯热牛奶真是一种安慰。AsfarasIamconcerned，drinkingacupofhotmilkincoldnightsisarealcomfort.(4)看到我不舒服，爸爸站起来，走到我跟前，把我揽入怀中安慰我。(读后续写之动作链描写)SeeingIwasuncomfortable，myfatherrosetohisfeet，cameuptomeandgatheredmeintohisarmstocomfortme.participatevi.参加；参与(participantn．参加者；参与者participationn．参加；参与)participatein参加；参与participatewithsb.insth.与某人一起参与某事(1)Foralltheparticipants，theactivityisagoodopportunityandtheparticipationintheactivitywillfurtherstrengthenyouroverallcompetence.(participate)(2)那些想参加比赛的人应该在5月21日前交上相关材料。(应用文写作之通知)ThosewhowanttoparticipateinthecompetitionaresupposedtopresentrelevantmaterialsbeforeMay21.(3)为了提高户外活动的参与度，我们学校于9月10日组织了一项活动——攀登泰山。(应用文写作之活动安排)Inordertoincreaseparticipationinoutdooractivities，ourschoolorganizedanactivity—climbingtheMountainTaionSeptember10.engagevi.参加；参与(活动)vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)；聘请；从事(engagedadj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的；占线的；使用中的engagementn．订婚；婚约；约会)•engagesb.todosth.雇用某人做某事engage(sb.)in(使某人)从事；参与•beengagedtosb.与某人订婚beengagedin忙于；从事于(1)MarywillbeengagedtoTom，andtheirengagement(engage)attractsmanypeople’sattention.(2)Noonecandenythefactthatnoonecanengagechildrentodo(do)anywork.(3)尽管你忙于你的学习，你也应该抽出一些时间来参加户外运动。Although(youare)engagedinyourstudy，youshouldsetasidesometimetoengage(yourself)inoutdooractivities.involvevt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加(involvedadj.参与的；卷入的involvementn．参与；卷入；牵连)•involve(doing)sth.包含；需要(做)某事involveoneselfinsth.参加……•be/getinvolvedin参与；卷入；与……有关联；专注于(1)AsfarasIamconcerned，theinvolvement(involve)oftheforeignministerswasitselfasignofprogress.(2)得知你欢迎来自不同国家的学生，我想参加这次夏令营。Learningthatyouwelcomestudentsfromdifferentcountries，I’dliketoinvolvemyselfin/beinvolvedinthesummercamp.(应用文写作之申请信)exposevt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)(exposuren．接触；体验；暴露；揭露)expose...to...使……暴露于……；使……体验……beexposedto暴露于；接触(1)Generallyspeaking，thereisadirectlinkbetweenexposure(expose)tosunandskincancer.(2)我从小就接触外教，因此，我能够用英语和其他人自由交流。①Ihavebeenexposedtoforeignteacherssinceayoungage，soIcancommunicatefreelywithothersinEnglish.②Havingbeenexposedtoforeignteacherssinceayoungage，IcancommunicatefreelywithothersinEnglish.(用havingdone作状语改写)behavevt.表现vi.&vt.表现得体；有礼貌[behaviourn．(＝behavior)行为；举止；习性]•behaveoneself/well守规矩/举止得体•well-behavedadj.表现好的Badly-behavedadj.表现差的(1)Whatdoyouthinkofouradvisor’sbehavio(u)r(behave)atthemeetingthatday?(2)强烈建议你参加晚宴时，举止得体。作为举止得体的客人，你不应该把筷子插在食物里，或者用筷子指着其他人。(应用文写作之传统习俗)Itishighlysuggestedthatyou(should)behaveyourselfwhenattendingfeasts.Asawell-behavedguest，youshouldn’tstickyourchopsticksinthefoodorpointthematothers.ItwasthefirsttimethatshehadleftChina.这是她第一次离开中国。

•“It/This/That＋was＋thefirst/second/...time(that)＋过去完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/……次……”•“It/This/That＋is＋thefirst/second/...time(that)＋现在完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/……次……”•Itis/was(about/high)timethat...shoulddosth./didsth.意为“到了……做某事的时间了”，should不能省略。相当于Itis/wastimeforsb.todosth.。(1)Thisisthesecondtimethattheteachingassistanthasbeenblamed(blame)byourheadmaster.(2)这是双胞胎第一次为母亲做早餐，因此他们既激动又紧张。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)Thiswasthefirsttimethatthetwinshadpreparedabreakfastfortheirmother，sotheywereexcitedandnervous.(3)到了政府应该采取措施保护野生动物免遭灭绝的时候了。①Itishightimeforthegovernmenttotakeeffectivemeasurestoprotectwildlifefromextinction.(Itishightimefor...todo)②Itishightimethatthegovernmentshouldtake/tookeffectivemeasurestoprotectwildlifefromextinction.(Itishightimethat...)IhadtolearnhowtousepublictransportandhowtoaskforthingsIdidn’tknowtheEnglishnamesfor.我不得不学习如何使用公共交通工具，如何要到我不知道英语名字的东西。•“疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。•在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。•why或whynot后加不定式时，省略不定式符号to。•whether后可接不定式，而if后不可以。(1)由于他们流露出极强的兴趣，我开始教他们如何泡中国茶。Withtheirinterestgreatlysparked，IbegantoteachthemhowtomakeChinesetea.(2)如果你能给我们一些如何改进机器人的建议，我会感激不尽的。(应用文写作之征求建议)Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgiveussomeadviceonhowtoimproveourrobots.(3)我真不知道是否该接受她的邀请。Ireallyhavenoideawhethertoacceptherinvitationornot.(4)为何不参加讨论小组，以便你能找到志同道合的朋友呢？(应用文写作之建议信)Whynotjoinindiscussiongroupssothatyoucanfindfriendswithsimilarinterests?Somemaystruggleandsufferfromcultureshockwhenlearninghowtobehaveinnewsurroundings.在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些人可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨。状语从句的省略有两种形式：•当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。•当从句中含有“it＋be动词”时，可将it和be动词省略。(1)IfIamaccepted，IwillintroduceChinesepaintingskillstovisitors，whichcanhelpthemknowmoreaboutChineseculture.(应用文写作之传统文化)→Ifaccepted，IwillintroduceChinesepaintingskillstovisitors，whichcanhelpthemknowmoreaboutChineseculture.(2)Ifitispossible，Iamgoingtovisitsomehomesoftheoldinthecity.→Ifpossible，Iamgoingtovisitsomehomesoftheoldinthecity.(3)工作的时候，我意识到在烈日下在田间工作是多么地辛苦。(2019·北京，书面表达)Whenworking，Irealizedhowharditwastoworkinthefieldsunderahotsun.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．firmeq\x(A.adj.坚硬的B.adj.稳固的C.adj.坚定的D.n.公司)(1)Heopenedalawfirminthecenterofthecitylastmonth.D(2)Heisfirminhispurposes，sohewillachievehisgoal.C(3)Makesuretheladderfeelsfirmbeforeyouclimbup.B(4)Thecitywallsareasfirmasarock.A2．engageeq\x(A.聘请B.忙于C.参加D.使订婚E.吸引)(1)Only10%ofthestudentsengagedinthequalificationexamination.C(2)Noonecandenythefactthatthismovingfilmengagesboththemindandtheeye.E(3)Hisfatherengagedatutortomotivatehimtoimprovehismaths.A(4)Insummary，IwassoengagedinmystudythatIpaidnoattentiontomymother’sfeelings.B(5)ShewasengagedtoPeter，whichwasbeyondourexpectations.D3．involveeq\x(A.使参加B.涉及C.需要)(1)AsfarasIamconcerned，theworkofateacherinvolvesloveanddevotion.C(2)Ifyourworkinvolvesotherpeople，you’dbetterthinkmorefromotherpeople’sangle.B(3)Igraspeverychancetoinvolvemyselfinafterclassactivities.A4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Thenorthernpartofthecountryisusuallyregardedasthewheatbelt.地带(2)Initially，wedidn’tfullygrasptheimportanceofwhathadhappened.理解Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Thebrilliantstudentislongingtogetthisjobtobetterqualify(qualification)himselfandhelpothersaswell.(应用文写作之求职信)2．IreallywanttoobtainthispreciousopportunityandIamsurethatIcanliveuptoyourexpectations(expect)．(应用文写作之求职信)3．Iamwritingtoaskforyoursubstantialassistancewithmyapplication(apply)andresume.(应用文写作之求助信)4．Ifeelgreatlyhonouredtogiveapresentation(present)abouttheMidAutumn-Festival，oneofthemostimportantChinesetraditionalfestivals.(话题写作之传统文化)5．Thereisnodenying(deny)thatweshouldshiftourunhealthylivinghabitssuchasgoingtobedlateandtakingirregularexercise.(话题写作之健康)6．Asanoldsayinggoes，“Nopains，nogains(gain)．”Soweshouldalwayslinkourstudytohardwork.7．Beingexposed(expose)toforeignsurroundingsstrengthensthemechanic’sgeneralcompetenceandhisabilitytocooperatewithothers.8．Theassistantwalkedtomewithgreatdepression(depress)，withthelightinhereyesdarkened.(读后续写之沮丧心理描写)9．Whateverhappensinourlife，aboveall，weshouldbeoptimisticaboutlife.10.Thankstoyourreasonablewords，Iwasmotivated(motivate)tosticktomydream.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练新闻报道——在敬老院做志愿劳动1．上周六是我们在高中阶段第一次去附近的敬老院做志愿劳动。(Itwasthefirsttimethat...)ItwasthefirsttimethatwehaddonevoluntaryworkinanearbynursinghomeinSeniorHighschoollastSaturday.2．所有学生都完全知道该为老年人做些什么。(疑问词＋不定式)Allofthestudentswerefullyawareofwhattodofortheelderly.3．一些学生忙着帮老年人做家务。(engage)Hel