贮氢合金新进展中英文对照

Newdevelopmentofhydrogenstorage:Thisprintroducesthebasicprincipleofmetalhydridereaction,thebasictypesofhydrogenstoragealloys,productionprocess,acomprehensivereviewbeenmoremature,butthehydrogenstoragedensityisnothigh.HighcapacityvanadiumsolidsolutionalloyandMgbasedalloysarenewtrendsinthedevelopmentofhydrogenstoragealloys.Keywords:hydrogenstoragealloys;productiontechnology;reviewofapplication;newdevelopmentAsglobalwarmingandenvironmentalpollutionis ingincreasinglyseriousinrecentyears,thecleanenergyespeciallytheresearchanddevelopmentofhydrogen,thehydrogenstoragealloyasanewfunctionalmaterialsandenergymaterialscausedthegreatattentionofpeople.Thehydrogenstoragealloys,suchasrareearthsystem,titanium,magnesium,zirconium,etc..AB5typerareearthhydrogenstoragealloyswerestudiedcomparatively,andtheapplicationiswide.Thedevelopmentandapplicationofhydrogenstoragealloysarereviewedinthisp BasicprinciplesofmetalhydrideTheamountofhydrogenabsorbedinhydrogenstoragealloyis1000timesmorethanthevolumeofthealloy,andhydrogenstoragealloyhasthecharacteristicsofverysafe.TheworkingprincipleofhydrogenabsorptionanddesorptioncanbeexpressedIntheformula,M-metal,MHx-metalhydride,H-reactionThehydrogenabsorptionanddesorptionprocessofhydrogenstoragealloysisandtheabsorptionofheatintheprocessofdehydrogenation.Thus,hydrogenstoragealloysabsorbhydrogenatalowertemperatureorincreasingpressure.Incontrast,hydrogenisreleasedatanelevatedtemperatureorpressure.ThehydrogenabsorptioncharacteristicsofhydrogenstoragealloyswithdifferentconditionsandthecharacteristicsofthethermaleffectsarewidelyusedinthefieldofscienceandLaNiFeTi类有稀土系、LavesTiMgA及与不吸氢类(用BA5型、2型、BABTypesofhydrogenstorageAftermanyyearsofresearch,thehydrogenstoragealloyshavebeendeveloped.Accordingtothenumberofgroupscanbedividedintotwoyuan,threeyuanandmultidepartment.ThetypicalrepresentativeofthetwoelementsystemhasFeTi,LaNi5,etc..Accordingtotheclassificationofthemetalmatrixofthealloy,therareearthsystem,Lavesphasesystem,Tisystem,Mgsystem,etc..Ifthemetalisdividedintoahydrogenabsorbingclass(A)andanonhydrogenabsorption(B),thealloycanbedividedintoAB5type,AB2type,ABtypeandA2Btype.A5LaNi5CaCu5（2.1(LaNi51.4wt%anNiRareearthhydrogenstorageAlsoknownastheAB5typehydrogenstoragealloy,LaNi5wasthetypicalrepresentative,andhasCaCu5sixsquarecrystalstructure(seeFigure2.1).Thecurrentresearchismoremature,commercialproduction.Ithasthecharacteristicsofhighhydrogenstoragecapacity(1.4wt%),easyactivation,etc.,butthecyclicstabilityispoor,andnowthemixedrareearthpartialreplacementofLa,Fe,Mn,CoandotherelementstoreplaceNi,inthehydrogenstoragecapacityofaslightdecreaseinthepremiseofimprovingthecyclestability. 图 图A2MgZn2MgCu2MgNi2A5LavesA5LavesphasehydrogenstorageAlsoknownasAB2typehydrogenstoragealloy,atpresentknownMgZn2type,MgCu2typeandMgNi2typethreekinds.ComparedwiththeAB5typehydrogenstoragealloys,theLavestypeAB2phasehydrogenstoragealloyshavethefollowingadvantages:highcapacity,strongcorrosion.Inalkalisolution,thesurfaceofthealloycanformalayerofdenseoxidefilmtoinhibittheoxidationofthealloyelectrode.Thedisadvantageofthistypeofalloyisthatitisdifficulttoactivate,andtheoxidefilmformedonthesurfaceofthealloycausesthedecreaseofitsactivationproperty.Theuseoftheelementismuorepreciousmetal,whichismuchhigherthanthatofAB5typehydrogenstoragealloy.BCsClTiFe但其最大的缺点是活化，抗性能差。预处理、合金化、机械化等均能有效地改善T-eTisystemhydrogenstorageAlsoknownasABtypehydrogenstoragealloywithCsCltypestructure.Atpresent,thedevelopmentandresearchofTibasedhydrogenstoragealloyhasatitanium,titanium,titanium,titanium,titanium,etc..TiFesystemisverypopularinthehydrogenstoragealloys,whichisofgreatstoragecapacity,cheapandabundantresources,butitsbiggestdrawbackisthatitisdifficulttobeactivated,andhaspoorperformanceofantipoisoning.TheactivationpropertiesofTi-Fecanbeimprovedbythepretreatment,alloyingandmechanicalproperties,sothatthealloycanabsorbhydrogenwithouttheneedofdemandingactivation.又称A2B型贮氢合金，具有Mg2Ni六方晶结构。Mg重量轻，资源丰富，因此镁系合金最MgsystemhydrogenstorageA2Btypehydrogenstoragealloysarealsoknownastypehydrogenstoragealloys,whichhavethestructureofMg2Ni.Mgislightinweight,richinresources,sothebiggestadvantageofMgbasedalloysisthelowcostandthehydrogenstoragecapacityisverylarge,butatpresent,theproductperformanceispoor,thereactionrateisslow,andthepositiontemperatureofthehydrideishigh,whichneedsfurtherresearchandimprovement.钒可与氢生成VH2、VH两种氢化物。钒基固溶体型贮氢合金的特点是可逆贮氢量大、可研究开发的是镍氢电池用贮氢合金V3TiNi0.56Mx,其中添加元素M可提高合金充放电的循环稳VanadiumbasedsolidsolutiontypehydrogenstorageVanadiumcanproduceVH2andVHtwokindsofhydride.Vanadiumbasedsolidsolutiontypehydrogenstoragealloyischaracterizedbyreversiblehydrogenstoragecapacity,andcanbeachievedatroomtemperature,thehydrogenabsorptionanddesorptionrateishigh,butthealloysurfaceiseasytoproduceoxidefilm,increasingthedifficultyofactivation.Atpresent,themainresearchanddevelopmentofhydrogenstoragealloyV3TiNi0.56Mx,whichaddedelementMcanimprovethecyclestabilityofthealloychargeanddischarge,butthehydrogenstoragecapacityisreduced.贮氢合金的工各类型的合金有不同的方法，表3-1为贮氢材料制造方法及特征TechnologyforproducinghydrogenstorageDifferenttypesofalloyshavedifferentproductionmethods,table3-1isthemethodandcharacteristicsofhydrogenstoragematerials.不需，成本Table3-ManufacturingAlloyArcmelting（电弧熔炼法NearequilibriumphaseandsegregationMacrosegregationoccurswhentheslowcoolingNanocrystallinestructureandnonequilibriumWhenthethermaldiffusionisnotenough,thecompositionisnotSuitableforexperimentandafewproductionHighfrequencyinductionheatingmethodLowcost,suitableformassproduction（高频感应加热法MeltquenchingEasy（熔体急冷法GasatomizationSphericalpowder,noto（气体雾化法MechanicalalloyingPowderrawmaterial,lowtemperaturetreatment（ReductiondiffusionWithoutcrushing,low0.2%（质量）Mg[2]。InductionmeltingAtpresent,thehighfrequencyinductionmeltingmethodisthemostcommonlyusedinindustry.Ithastheadvantagesofmassproductionandlowcost.Thedisadvantageisthatthepowerconsumptionislarge,thealloyisdifficulttocontrol.Productionofalloy,usuallyinaninertatmosphere,themethodduetoelectromagneticinductionstirringsolutionalongthemagneticlinesofforcecontinuetorolltomeltfullymixedanduniformtexturemelting,easytogethomogeneousalloy.However,duetothereactionofmoltenmetalandcruciblematerial,asmallamountofcruciblematerialismeltedintothealloy.Mgmeltintotherareearthalloyswith0.2%(mass)ofthealloywhenmeltingintotherareearthalloys[2].31的水冷锭模中使熔体冷却而且为使冷却速度更大采用了面冷却的薄层圆盘式水3Ar（急冷在很大的冷却速度下使熔体的方法例如将熔融合金喷射在旋转冷却的轧辊上却速度为（02106K·1[2]。Differentcastingtechnologycanbetakenafteralloymelting,differentmethodshavedifferentcharacteristics,andcanbechosenaccordingtotheirspecificcircumstances.Atpresent,large-scaleindustrialproductionintheuseofsingleordoublecoolingoftheingotmoldcasting.Table3-1isacharacteristicofthehydrogenabsorptionalloysinvariouscastingdirections.Ingotmouldcastingmethodisthemeltingofalloyinjectionshofwater-cooledingotmould,themeltsolidificationandmakethecoolingspeedisgreater,thecoolingsurfaceofthindisctypewater-cooledmould.Gasatomizationprocessisanewtypeofcoalproductiontechnology,whichisdividedinto3steps,suchassmelting,gasspray,solidificationandsoon.Thehigh-frequencyinductionmeltingandmeltintotundish,withthemeltfromthepackageinatrickleoutatthesametime,atitsoutlet,high-pressureinertgas(Ar)ejectedfromatomeltintosmalldroplets,dropletinspraytowersidesfallingedgeiscakyintosphericalpowdercollectedatthebottomofthetower.Themethodcanpreventthesegregationofthecomponents,themicrostructureofthealloyandreducethepollution.Meltquenching(rapidcooling)methodisamethodofmakingthemeltcuringunderthegreatcoolingrate.Forexample,themoltenalloyissprayedontheroller,andthecoolingrateis（102-106）K·s-1,whichismadeofathinstripbyrapidcooling[2].3-1-大大小小Table3-1characteristicsofhydrogenabsorptionalloysmadebyvariouscastingCastingMeltCoolingrate（K·s-AlloySheetbyEqual-Crystallineparticlesize/(micron)Latticedeformation等［3］利用悬浮熔炼高铌TiAl合金浇注到直径50mm高120mm的高纯石墨AlNi当的冷却速度和第三种合金元素，gEricA.Lass等［4］利用快速凝固技术纳米晶Mg-Ni-(Y,La)-Pd贮氢合金，发现合金贮氢量（质量分数）为4.5％，已经大大超过Mg２Ni相的理论容量（质量分数3.6％）。其Mg２NiZhangZhiyong［3］,preparedhighniobiumTiAlalloybysuspensionsmelting,pouredintothediameter50mm,highpuritygraphitemoldof120mm,exceptforAl,otherelementsdistributedevenly,thereisnorawmaterialandlocalenrientoftheformationandanization.ThesuspensionmeltingoftheliquidphaseoftheintenseagitationtoacceleratethespeedofNiatomstotheliquidphasediffusion,sothattheliquidphasecompositionismoreuniform,tobeappropriatecoolingrateandthirdkindsofalloyelements,Mgwillgetagoodinhibition.A.LassEric［4］usedrapidsolidificationtechniquetoMg-Ni-(Y,La)-Pdhydrogenstoragealloys.Thehydrogenstoragecapacity(massfraction)ofthealloyswas4.5%,whichwassignificantlymorethanthetheoreticalcapacityofMg２Ni(massfraction3.6%).Thereasonistheformationofotherhighhydrogenstoragecapacity,andthereasonsforrestrictingtheeffectivehydrogenstoragecapacityofMg２sstillnotexplained.机械合金化（MA）或机械磨碎法（MG）是20世纪60年代末由J.C.Benjamin发展起来性逐步，直到最后形成均匀的亚稳结构。Mechanicalalloying(MG,MA)Mechanicalalloying(MA)ormechanicalgrindingmethod(mg)isthe20thcentury60'sbyofasystemJ.C.Benjamindevelopedpreparingalloypowdertechnology.extrusiondeformation,thefractureandwelding,extrusiontoformintermediatecomplex.Anewatomicsurfaceisgeneratedcontinuously,andthelayeredstructureisrefined,whichshortensthedistancebetweenthesolidparticles.Becauseoftheinteratomicdiffusion,thecharacteristicsoftheoriginalparticlesgraduallydisappear,untiltheformationofahomogeneousmetastablestructure.24用机械合金化贮氢合金在Mg系贮氢合金材料的应用较多。Kronberger[4]利用喷射条带法的纳米合金晶的AB5型化合物,与同成分的粗晶相比，电极放电性能更优，活化速度更快。Kadir等[5]对稀土镁系AB型合金进行了研究,结果表明机械合金化所的LaMgNi400mAhg-1。242ThemechanicalalloyingmethodisoftenappliedintheproductionoftheMgsystemofhydrogenstoragealloys.TheAB5typecompoundofnanoalloypreparedbythespraystripmethodwasusedtopreparetheKronberger[4]compoundwiththesamecomposition,theelectrodedischargeperformanceismoreexcellent,andtheactivationrateisfaster.InKadir’s[5]studyofAB,theresultsshowthatthedischargecapacityofLaMgNi4alloypreparedbymechanicalalloyingisashigh2400mAhg-度和保温时间等因素。其主要应用主要在于MmNi5和TiNi系合金。ReductiondiffusionReductiondiffusionmethodisamethodforthedirectproductionofintermetalliccompoundsinthesameoperationprocessbytheprocessofreductionoftheelementsandthereactiondiffusionprocess.Generally,theproductofthereductiondiffusionmethoddependsonthematerialcomposition,theamountofreducingagent,processtemperatureandholdingtime.ThemainapplicationareintheproductionofMmNi5andTiNialloys.共沉淀还原法是在还原扩散法的基础上发展起来的，是一种化学的方法。采用各组后，再用金属钙或CaH2还原而制得贮氢合金的法。共沉淀还原法贮氢合金有一CoprecipitationreductionCoprecipitationreductionmethodisdevelopedonthebasisofthereductiondiffusionmethod,whichisachemicalsynthesismethod.Thecomponentsofsolution,addingprecipitant(suchasNaCO3)bycoprecipitation,thatis,ofremovalofalloycompounds,burningintotheoxideandthenthemetalcalciumorCaH2reductionandamethodofhydrogenstoragealloy.Thereareaseriesofadvantagessuchastheuseofindustrialgrademetalsaltasrawmaterial,thesynthesismethodissimple,thecompositionisuniform,thealloyhasalargesurfacearea,andthealloyiseasytobeactivated.（ 下以600℃进行热扩散使合金均匀化，得到MgNi或MgCu[1]。这种方法的合金表面上布（ Displacementdiffusion Becausemagnesiumisakindofactivemetal,itcannotbeusedtosynthesizemagnesiumalloys.Scientificandtechnicalnelinourcountrydesignedthedisplacementdiffusionmethodbythechemicalactivityofthemetalmagnesium.ThatistodissolvedanhydroussaltNiClorCuCl2inananicsolvent,(suchasdimethylformamide),withanexcessofmagnesiumreplacement,copperornickelsmoothlydepositioninmagnesium,removecleaninganddryingintothehightemperaturefurnaceunderaprotectiveatmosphereto600℃heatdiffusiontohomogeneousalloy,MgNiorMgCu[1.Inthismethod,thesurfaceofthealloyiscoveredwithcracks,andtheactivityisveryhigh,anditiseasytobeactivated.Reactioniscarriedoutasfollows: NiCl2(anicsolvent)+3Mg→2MgNi+MgCl2用该法还可一系列多元镁合金如Mg2Ni1-xCu,Mg2Ni1-xPtx等Aseriesofmagnesiumalloyscanbesynthesizedbythis燃烧燃烧法（简称CS法）是将Ｍg粉和Ｎi粉混合均匀，在850k（低于Ｍg的,燃烧后直接制得Mg2Ni合金。用燃烧法制造贮氢合金，有利于提高合金吸氢能力，具有不需bustionsynthesisCombustionsynthesismethod(CSmethod)isamixtureofMgpowderandNipowderevenly,inthe850k(lowerthanthemeltingpointofMg,afterburningdirectlyMg2Nialloy.Usingthecombustionsynthesismethodtoproducehydrogenstoragealloy,itisbeneficialtoimprovethehydrogenabsorptioncapacity,andithasnoneedofactivationtreatment,lessenergyconsumptionandsoon.２近年来东学利用燃烧法成功地了Mg1%Ni贮氢合金，该合金不必进行活化处理，其吸氢量高达7.2[2]Zhu［5］利氢化燃烧法MgNi贮氢金，随5hMg(OH)２531m·h／g２２Inrecentyears,Mg-1%Nihydrogenstoragealloywassynthesizedbycombustionsynthesismethod,whichisnotnecessaryforactivationtreatment,andthehydrogenabsorptioncapacityofthealloyis7.2%[2].ProductionofMgNihydrogenstoragealloywaspreparedbyhydrogencombustionsynthesismethodbyZhu[5],andthenby5hmechanicalmillingtoaddavarietyofcarbonmaterials,includinggraphite,multiwallcarbonnanotubes,carbongasgel,carbonnanofibers.TheMg(OH)２phaseinthemodifiedmaterialwasaddedtothealloy,andtheelectrochemicalperformanceindexeswereincreased,andtheumdischargecapacityanddynamicperformanceof531mA·h／gwasdemonstratedbygraphite.２51. 0. 西安交通大学的唐睿等[6]的研究表明，LaCaMgNiPuNiLaNiLaNi5LaNi2.28第二相构成1.6MPa氢压和300K下,合金的贮氢量达到1.68%（质量分数),LaNi20%，395mA·h·g151. 0. 3.7Addotherelements(Ce,Mn,Ni,Ca,51. 0. ResearchofTangRui[6],Xi'anJiaoTongUniversity,showsthattheLaCaMgNiconsistsofmainphasewithPuNi3structureandthesecondphaseofLaNi5,LaNi2.28.Onthepressureof1.6MPaand300k,thehydrogenstoragecapacityofthealloywas1.68%(massfraction),20%morethanpureLaNi5.Andthedischargecapacityofthealloywas395mA·h·g-1,23%morethanAB.After10051. 0. 0.7- 0. 2. 0.HonggePan[6]CeLaCeMginCo0.7- 0. 2. 0.HonggEPan[6]CedidsystemresearchesonthestructureandelectrochemicalpropertiesofLa0.7-xCexMg0.3Ni2.875Mn0.1Co0.525(x=0～0.5)whenCecontentwasaddedinto.FromtheP-C-Tdiagram,itisindicatedthatthepressureincreasesrapidlywiththeincreaseofCecontentinthealloy,andtheplateauregionesnarrowsteep.Atthesametime,withtheincreaseofCecontent,thedischargecapacitydecreasesandthecyclelifecanbeimproved.HydrogenstorageHydrogenstoragealloysarewidelyusedinvarioustypesofbatteriesandenergyconversiontechnology.Intheapplicationofbatteriescanbedividedintosmallcivilianbatteries,electricvehiclebatteriesandfuelcellsthreecategories.Hydrogenstoragetechnologyandheatstoragetechnologyaremainlyusedintheenergyconversiontechnologyofhydrogenstoragealloys.贮氢合金作为镍-氢化物电池的负极材料,既是电池的关键材料,也是目前贮氢合金应用最成领域。镍氢电池在通讯、笔记本电脑、机、数码相机、电动自行车、NiHNi(OH)M（A5）KHSmallbatteryandelectricvehicleHydrogenstoragealloysasanodematerialsfornickelhydridebatteriesarethekeymaterialsfortheproductionofbatteries,andthemostmaturefieldofhydrogenstoragealloys.Nickelmetalhydridebatteriesinthecommunicationsphone,notebookcomputers,cameras,digitalcameras,electricbicycles,electricmotorcyclesandelectricvehicles(singleelectricvehiclesandhybridelectricvehicles),etc..Ni-MHbattery(Ni/Nibattery)positiveactivematerialisNi(OH)2,thenegativeelectrodeisthehydrogenstoragealloyM(mainlyAB5typerareearthsystem),theelectrolyteisKOHwatersolution.Inchargeanddischarge,thepositiveandnegativereactionsarerespectively:2 Negativ:M+xHO+xe-≒MH2 BatterytotalNi-MHbatteryishigherthantheenergy,nopollutiontotheenvironment,nomemoryeffect,longcyclelifecanreplacethetoxic,wastebatteriesaredifficulttodisposeofnickelcadmiumbatteries.Inrecentyears,theyieldandqualityofhydrogenstoragealloysandnickelmetalhydridebatterieshavebeenimproved,butintheperformanceandproductconsistencyispoor,isnotconducivetothecombination,intheproductionprocessandproductionscaleisalsonot4.2电电池是一种将存在于与氧化剂中的化学能直接转化为电能的发电装置氢气是料电池（FC）推广用贮氢合金，在常温常压下可安全贮氢氢的高纯度［8］FuelFuelcellisapowergenerationdevicewhichcanbedirectlyconvertedintoelectricalenergyinthepresenceoffuelandoxidant.Hydrogenisthecommongasinthefuelcell,soitcanimprovethepowerofthewholesystem.Thedevelopmentoffuelcell(FC),whichisdevelopedbyWasedaUniversity［8］,isusedtopromotehydrogenstoragealloys,whichcanbesafelystoredatroomtemperatureandundernormalpressure现在广泛应用于电动汽车的电池是一种称为质子交换膜的电池(PEMFC)，以氢为，以空气为氧化剂，能量的转换效率高，是普通内燃机热效率的2～3倍。同时它还具有无污染、长、启动迅速、和输出功率可随时调整等特性。我国俞涛[9]PEMFCNowwidelyusedinelectricvehicles,fuelcellisakindoffuelcell(PEMFC),astheprotonexchangemembranefuelcell,hydrogenasfuel,airasoxidant,energyconversionefficiencyishigh,about2～3timesthethermalefficiencythanordinaryinternalcombustionengine.Atthesametime,ithasnopollution,longlife,startupquickly,andtheoutputpowercanbeadjustedatanytimeandsoon.TheChineseAcademyofScientist,YuTao[9],etal.,havebeenfullystudiedPEMFC,sayingthattherareearthnickelandtitaniumalloysaresuitableforthissystem.。氢的与输送是氢能利用中的重要环节，其在与输送中的安全、高效是人们在实Ti、Mg用贮氢合金选择性吸氢的能力(形成氢化物MH),可成功地进行氢的回收和净化已把贮氢合金用于宇航器吸收火箭逸出的氢气中国已把贮氢合金用于氨洗气中回收氢气中、用贮氢合金进行氢的和输送具有很多优点:(1)贮氢密度大,容器体积小,可长期;(2)。HydrogenstorageHydrogenstorageandtransportisanimportantpartoftheuseofhydrogenenergy,soitssafetyinstorageandtransportationinthepracticalapplicationispreferred.Inordertoreducetheweightofcontainer,containermaterialsgenerallychooseTi,Mgsystemofhydrogenstoragealloys.Thehydrogenrecoveryandpurificationofhydrogencanbesuccessfullycarriedoutbyusingthehydrogenstoragealloy(MH).Hydrogenhasbeenusedtorecoverhydrogenfromthehydrogenstoragealloysusedinthesynthesisofammoniaandhydrogen,andhydrogenissuccessfullyusedtomaintainthepurityofhydrogeninthehydrogenof99.999%【8】Hydrogenstorageandtransportofhydrogenstoragealloyshasmanyadvantages:(1)thehydrogenstoragedensityislarge,thecontainervolumeissmall,andcanbestoredforalongtime.(2)itissafeandreliable,noexplosiondanger;(3)highpurityhydrogencanbeobtained.做金属氢化物热泵[10]。金属氢化物热泵是无需燃烧就可以致热的装置，也是不使用污HeatstoragetechnologyandheattransferAdevicecalledametalhydrideheatpumpcapableofabsorbingorreleasingtheheatofthereactionbetweentwodifferenthydrogenstoragealloysbymeansofhydrogenabsorptionorrelease.Metalhydrideheatpumpisadevicethatcancausetheheatwithouttheburningoffuelandcanbeusedasarefrigerantwithoutpollutingtheenvironment.Andheatstoragetechnologyistheuseofmetalhydrideheatpump,theexcessheatstorage,untiltheneedtousethemethod,istoimproveenergyuseefficiencyandprotecttheenvironmentisanimportanttechnology.Thistechniquehasthegreatadvantageofthepotentialapplicationinsolarenergy,industrialwasteheat,wasteheatutilizationandpowerloadetc..[10]， 德国GawronK和SchroderJ【11】在对-65～0℃的温度范围内相变性能的研究后在低温技术其应用已经很普遍。Turillon[6]LaNiLaNiAl输入60℃25℃10min， GawronKandJSchroder【11studiedofthephasetransitionpropertiesof65～0℃.Theheatpumpisakindofenergyliftingdevice.Theheatpumpisakindofenergyliftingdevice.Theheatpumpisakindofenergyliftingdevice,whichisusedtoheatuptheenvironment,andthenpassittotheKF•4H20.Conventionalheatincludinggroundsourceheatpump,watersourceheatpump,airsourceheatpumpandotherforms,whichiswidelyusedasairconditioningtechnology.Turillon[6]developedtheheatpumpusinghydrogenstoragealloyswithLaNi5andLaNi4.7Al..Enter60℃or25℃water,10minlater,youcanobtainedvapourat95℃or100℃.Hydrogenstoragealloyheatpumprefrigerationorairconditioninghashighefficiency,lownoise,noFreonpollution.电机内氢纯度。空气产品与化学产品公司和MPD公司联合开发的用LaNi5合金做成的回收装置,回收氨尾气,氢回收率达75%-95%,产品氢纯度达98.9%[6].Applicationofhydrogenstoragealloystootheraspects5.1Hydrogenseparation,recoveryandpurificationThebasicprincipleofhydrogenstoragealloyseparationincludingoneistheformationofmetalhydride,hydrogenafterheatingthereversiblereaction;twohydrogenstoragealloysforhydrogenatomhasaspecialaffinityforothergasimpuritiesareexcluded.Forthepurificationofhydrogen,thehydrogenrecoveryfromthehydrogengasintheammoniaplantisusedtoimprovethehydrogenpurityofterator.UnitedStatesAirProductsandchemicalproductcompanyandMPDcompanyjointlydevelopedwithLaNi5alloymadeofrecyclingdevice,therecoveryofsyntheticammoniatailgas,hydrogenrecoveryrateof75%-95%,producthydrogenpurityof98.9%[6].贮氢合金如LaNi5，Mg2Ni，TiFe等能迅速吸收大量的氢，而且反应可逆。反应时由于氢式中，M；MHx为金属氢化物CatalyticreactionofhydrogenstorageHydrogenstoragealloyssuchasLaNi5，Mg2Ni，TiFe,etc.canrapidlyabsorblargeamountsofhydrogen,andthereactionisreversible.Sincehydrogenisabsorbedinthereaction,hydrogenispresentonthesurfaceofasingleatom.Thisshowsthatthesurfaceofthesurfaceisverylarge.Ifitisflexibletousehydrogenabsorptioncapacity,hydrogenanddehydrogenationcanbeusedasanunsaturatedcompoundofhydrogenabsorption,orinturn,asasaturatedcompoundofdehydrogenation:Unsaturatedcompounds+MHx≒saturatedcompoundsIntheformula,Misahydrogenabsorptionalloy;MHxisametalCoon[12]CO/H=1/3250℃通LaNi5粉末时，很快进行了如下反应：CO+3H2—ApplicationinthereactionofCoon[12]etal usedtherareearthtransitionmetalhydrogenstoragealloysformethanereaction.WhenCO/H=1/3wasfoundandpassedthroughthepowerofLaNi5at250℃,andthereactionwascarriedoutasfollow:工业与居民用电都会有期和低峰期为了解决低峰期电力过剩的问题,可利用贮氢材料电能即利用夜间多余的电能供电解水厂生产氢气然后把氢气在贮氢合金，然后把氢气在贮氢合金组成的大型装置内白天用电期使的氢气出来。或供电池直接发电，或将氢气作为生产水蒸气，驱动备用发电机组发电。HydrogenstorageIndustrialandresidentialelectricitywillhaveakandlowpeakperiod.Inordertosolvetheproblemofstorageofelectricityinlowpeakperiod,thestorageofhydrogenstoragematerialscanbeusedtoproducehydrogen,andhydrogenisstoredinhydrogenstoragealloy.Orforthefuelcelltogenerateelectricitydirectly,ortoproducehydrogenasafueltoproducewatervapor,andtodrivethestandbygeneratorset.VacuumheatinsulationtubeforhydrogenstorageWiththeuseofhydrogenstoragealloy,vacuuminsulationtubeistotransporttubewallinsulationlayerintoacertainnumberofhydrogenstoragealloy,hydrogenstoragealloyceilinghydrogenreactiontomaintainthevacuumtubewall.hydrogenstoragealloyplaysaroleofvacuumpump,sealingintheconveyingpipe,doublewalllayer,canmaintainalong-termdeliverypipewallofthevacuumdegree.2对于固体推进剂而言，提高能量水平始终是其发展的方向。Ｈ２其具有密度小，燃烧放热大的特点将Ｈ２在推进剂组分中使其在发工作时出并参与推进剂的燃烧，MgNiH4（ＡＰ［13[14]Ｍg1.3％MgNiH4和Ｍg2u－ＡＰ／Ａｌ／ＨＴPＢ14.5镁基合金氢化物基合金氢化物对ＡＰ／Ａｌ／ＨＴＰＢ复合推进剂热分解的作用效果与其含氢量呈现正相关的关系[14-15]。2ApplicationofhydrogenstoragematerialsinhighenergysolidrocketForsolidpropellant,theimprovementofenergylevelisthecoreofitsdevelopment.Ｈ２hasthecharacteristicsofsmalldensityandheatrelease,andtheＨ２isstoredinthepropellantcomponent,sothatitcanreleaseandparticipateinthecombustionofthepropellant,whichcaneffectivelyimprovetheenergylevelofthesolidpropellant.ThestudyfoundthatMg2NiH4onpropellantusedoxidizerperchlorateammonium(AP)thermal positionhasabettercatalyticactivity,cansignificantlypromotetheAPthermal position,andreducethehightemperature positiontemperature,increasingtheapparent positionheat［13］.TheeffectofＭg2Cu-Honthethermal positionofAPinMgCualloyhydrogenstoragematerialwasstudiedbyLiuLeili[14-15].TheeffectofonthethermalpositionofAPwasfoundtobebetterthanthatofＭg2Cu.TheburningrateofAl/AP/HTPBcompositewasincreasedby3.5%and14.5%bymassfractionof1.3%Mg2NiH4andＭg2Cu－Ｈ.Inaddition,theeffectofAP/Al/HTPBcompositepropellantonthethermalpositionofMgbasedalloysispositivelyrelatedtothehydrogen，主要成分是基质，但是基质自身没有感度，它必须通过物理或化学方法敏化制成后才能起爆传统敏化方式有化学敏化、物理敏化（常用玻璃微球和珍珠岩敏化，但这些敏化材料不是含能材料，对提高能量没有帮助。贮氢合金ＭgH2和ＴiH2是新型含能材料，在一定条件下基质中的贮氢材料ＭgＨ２和ＴiＨ２会水解出Ｈ２，起到敏化作用；氢气的能量密度较高，是液态碳氢的３倍，因而，以增加的；Ｈ２同氧气作用时，唯一产物是水，不产生任何污染；通过向ApplicationofhydrogenstoragealloysinemulsionThemaincomponentofemulsionexplosiveistheemulsionmatrix,butithasnosenseofbeing.Ithastobemadebyphysicalorchemicalmethod,whichcanbeusedtomakeemulsionexplosive,andthetraditionalmethodofemulsionexplosiveischemicalsensitization,physicalsensitization,butthesearenotenergeticmaterials.HydrogenstoragealloysＭgＨ２andＴiＨ２arenewenergeticmaterials,whichcanbeusedtoproduceＨ２,whichcanincreasetheexplosivepowerofexplosive.TheＨ２andＴiＨ２canincreasetheexplosivepowerofexplosive.Theonlyproductiswater,withoutspecialrequirements.Therefore,ithasgreatapplicationprospect.HydrogenstoragealloysＭgＨ２andＴiＨ２haveadualroleintheemulsionexplosives,whichplaysadualroleinthesensitizationandtheenergeticmaterials.5.7ApplicationinDifferentusesofthebrakearemadebythehydrogenpressuredifferencecausedbyhydrogenstoragealloy.Ifthehydrogenstoragealloyisheatedinasealedcontainer,alargeamountofhydrogenisgeneratedandahighpressure,whichisgeneratedwhencooling.Thisprocesshastheadvantagesofsmallsizeandlightweight,andcangeneratehighpower,nonoise,simplestructure,andcanbeoperatedindependentlyandhavetheadvantagesofbuffer.Accordingtotheaboveprinciple,hydrogenstoragealloycanbemadeintoofthemechanicalbrake,theslowmovementoftheliftingdevice,theoperationofthecompressorandcontrolvalve[16].目前已开发研究的贮氢合金品种类型虽然众多,但成不多,主要还是稀土系AB5型合金,实用的贮氢合金新品种;贮氢合金应用领域虽然广阔,但在很多领域的应用仍然处于试验开发阶段,只是在镍-氢化物二次电池中