对外经贸大学跨文化交际导论期末考试题

对外经济贸易大学《跨文化社交（英）》期末考试I.

True-False:

Decidewhether

each

of

the

following

statementsis

true

orfalse.WriteTfor

“true

”

andFfor

“false

”.（每题

1

分，共

20

分）1.Theterm

“interculturalcommunication

”

wasfirstusedbyGeertHofstedein1959.Halldefinescultureasthe"softwareofthemind"thatguidesusinourdailyinteractions.3.InmostofAfrica,ArgentinaandPeru,puttingone’sindexfingertohistemplemeans‘Youarecrazy.’4.Stereotypingisacomplexformofcategorizationthatmentallyorganizesyourexperiencesandguidesyourbehaviortowardaparticulargroupofpeople.Valuesaresocialprinciples,goals,orstandardsacceptedbypersonsinaculture.Theyaretheinnermost“skinoftheonion.”Peoplefromsomeculturesmaylowertheirgazetoconveyrespect,whereasthismaybeunderstoodasevadingoreveninsultinginothercultures.Unbuttoningone’scoatisasignofopenness,friendlinessorwillingnesstoreachanagreement.Inorderforinterculturalnegotiationtobesuccessful,thepartiesmustprovideforawin-losesituation.9.Edward

Hall

’s

theory

states

that

the

four

levelsembody

thetotal

concept

ofculturelikeanonion

–symbols,heroes,rituals,andvalues.10.Successfulinterculturalcommunicationinvolvesethnocentrismsofpersonsinothercultures.mindsetsofbothoneselfandthepersonofresultinmoreefficientcommunication.

businessknowingtheUnderstandinganotherculture

thewill11.Ethnocentrismisthebeliefthatsomebodyelse’sculturalbackground,includingwaysofanalyzingproblems,values,beliefs,language,andverbalandnonverbalcommunication,isbetterthanourown.12.PeopleintheUnitedStatesplaceagreateremphasisonhistoryanddonotlikechangeascomparedwithpeopleofAsianandLatincultures.WhendealingwithGermanbusinesspeople,youshouldavoidjokesandotherformsofhumorduringtheactualbusinesssessions.Inthebusinesscircle,Americanbusinesspeopleusefirstnamesimmediately.CompaniesshouldavoidsendingfemaleemployeestotheMiddleEast,asinArabcountriesmenmayrefusetoworkwithwomen.InSoutheastAsia,youshouldavoidpresentingyourbusinesscardwithyourrighthand.Whenacceptingabusinesscard,Germanbusinesspeoplecarefullylookatthecard,observethetitleandorganization,acknowledgewithanodthattheyhavedigestedtheinformation,andperhapsmakearelevantcommentoraskapolitequestion.TheOKsignmaybeinterpretedasaskingformoneybyJapanesebusinesspeople.Nonverbalcommunicationisimportanttothestudyofinterculturalcommunicationbecauseagreatdealofnonverbalbehaviorspeaksauniversallanguage.Inshort,interculturalcommunicationcompetencerequiressufficientawarenessknowledge,motivations,andskills.Eachofthesecomponentsaloneissufficienttoachieveinterculturalcommunicationcompetence.Translation:TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglishandEnglishtermsintoChinese.（每题1分，共20分）1.stereotypes2.paralanguage3.ethnocentrism4.masculinity5.high-contextculture6.monochronictime7.speechact8.conversationtaboos9.vocalqualifiers10.powerdistance11.译码12.成见13.文化震撼14.不确立性回避15.观点意义16.语用错误17.礼貌原则18.概括法19.空间语言20.礼仪与礼仪III.MultipleChoice:ChoosetheONEappropriateanswer.（每题1分，共20分）1.Understandinganotherculture.a.enablesbusinesspeopletoknowwhyforeignassociatesbelieveandactastheydob.isbestachievedthrough“do’sanddon’ts”listsc.isimportantforbusinesspeoplebecausetheycanappeartobebetterinformedisn’tnecessaryforbusinesspeople2.Non-linearlanguages.areobjectorientedseetimeasacontinuumofpresent,pastandfuturec.arecircular,traditionorientedandsubjectiveleadtoshort-rangeplanninginbusinesspractices3.WhichstatementaboutvaluesisincorrectValuesaresocialprinciples,goals,orstandardsacceptedbypersonsinaculture.Valuesarelearnedbycontactswithfamilymembers,teachers,andreligiousleaders.Valueswillbeinfluencedbywhatisseenontelevisionorreadinnewspapers.Peopleinvariouscultureshavebasicallysimilarvalues.Peoplefromculturesthatfollowthemonochronictimesystemtendtoa.doonethingatatime.becommittedtopeople.borrowandlendthingsoften.d.buildlifetimerelationships.5.WhichstatementregardinghapticsisincorrectInThailand,itisoffensivetotouchthehead.b.Japanisconsidereda"don'ttouch"culture.Greeceisconsidereda"touch"culture.InLatinAmericancountries,touchingbetweenmenisunacceptable.Theopinionthateveryonehasapositionandclearlydefinedprivilegesis.aviewofhierarchicalstructureofsocialrelationshipaviewofgrouporientationstructureofsocialrelationshipaviewofindividualorientationstructureofsocialrelationshipd.noneoftheabove7.Generalguidelinestofollowwhenconversingwithsomeonefromanothercultureincludeallofthefollowingexcept:a.politicsisasafetopicinmostcultures.b.avoidtellingjokes.avoidpersonalquestions.keeptheconversationpositive.8.WhichstatementbestdescribesanincorrecthandshakeInthe.,ahandshakeshouldbefirm.b.AnAsianhandshakeisusuallygentle.Germansrepeatabrusquehandshakeuponarrivalanddeparture.d.ABritishhandshakeisfirmandrepeatedfrequently.9.WhichstatementreferringtothoughtpatternsisincorrectAsianstypicallyusetheinductivemethodofreasoning.b.Thoughtpatternsimpactoralcommunication.Whenusingthedeductivemethodofreasoning,onestartswiththefactsandgoestogeneralizations.d.Recognizingdifferentthoughtpatternsisimportantnegotiationwith

indifferentcultures.10.Whichstatementisincorrecta.Costlybusinessblundersareoftentheresultofalackofknowledgeofanotherculture'snonverbalcommunicationpatterns.Processesofreasoningandproblemsolvingarethesameinallcultures.c.Attitudestowardtimeanduseofspaceconveynonverbalmessagesininterculturalencounters.Wheninanotherculture,anappropriatecautionwouldbetowatchthebehaviorofthepersonsyouaretalkingwithandmatchtheirstyle.Languageisimportantbecauseithelpsusshapeconcepts,controlshowwethink,andcontrolshowweperceiveothers.allowsustobeunderstoodbyforeigners.c.isdeterminedbycolonialism.d.isstable,easilyunderstood,andfreeofdiversity.Whichofthefollowingcountriesuseshigh-contextlanguageCanadaGermanyJapanUnitedStatesSlangisgenerallyunderstoodbyeveryone.b.bythemasses.

spokeneasilytranslated.usedbysubgroups.14.Nonverbalcommunicationdoesnotincludechromatics.chronemics.haptics.d.semantics.Dominance,harmony,andsubjugationareallvalueorientationsthatcorrespondtowhichofthefollowingculturalproblemsWhatisthenatureofhumanbeingsWhatistherelationshipofhumanstonatureWhatistheorientationofhumanstotimeWhatisthehumanorientationtoactivity16.Proverbsaresignificant

to

the

study

ofinterculturalcommunicationbecause

.a.theyprovideacompactdescriptionofaculture

’svaluestheytellagreatdealaboutwhataculturepraisesandwhatitrejectsc.theyuniteapeoplewiththewisdomoftheirancestorsalloftheabove17.Whichstatementhighlightsweakuncertaintyavoidancea.Onegroup'struthshouldnotbeimposedonothers.b.Scientificopponentscannotbepersonalfriends.Citizenprotestshouldberepressed.Negativeattitudesareexpressedtowardyoungpeople.ThemainideaoftheSapir-WhorfHypothesisisthatlanguageisjustadeviceforreportingaperson'sexperience.b.twolanguagescanrepresentthesamesocialreality.c.thesocialrealitycanbeconveyednotspeakthelanguage.

toa

personwho

doeslanguagefunctionsasawayofshapingaperson'sexperience.Manymultinationalfirmsfindthatculturalshockcanbealleviatedbya.sendingonlytopexecutivesabroad.sendingonlyyoung,singleassociatesonoverseasassignments.c.testingassociatestoseewhoismostqualified.d.selectingemployeesforoverseasassignmentspossesscertainpersonalandprofessionalqualifications.

whoWhichofthefollowingstatementisincorrecta.Knowingculturalvariationsintheuseofsilenceishelpfulwhenconversingwithpersonsinanotherculture.WeneedtokeepthingsinperspectiveandnotgetoffendedeachtimewedealwithsomeonewhohasadifferentattitudetowardtouchingGoodadvicewhencommunicatingwithpersonsinotherculturesistokeepgesturestoaminimumd.Althoughoralcommunicationvariesfromculturetoculture,non-verbalcommunicationisalmostalwaysinterpretedthesameineachculture.IV.Answerthefollowingessayquestion.(共分)Compareandcontrastthefollowingproverbsfromtwodifferentcultures:“Itistheduckthatsquawksthatgetsshot”and“Thesqueakywheelgetsthegrease.”HowdopeoplefromtheseculturesperceivesilenceandtalkInlightoftheirdifferentperceptions,howmighttheyvieweachotherWhatproblemsmightariseintheirinteractionsV.CaseAnalysis:Analyzethefollowingconversationfromaninterculturalperspective.(共20分)ThefollowingconversationtookplacebetweentwoChinesefriends.A:We’regoingtoNewOrleansthisweekend.B:Whatfun!Iwishweweregoingwithyou.HowlongareyougoingtobethereThreedays.DoyouneedaridetotheairportI’lltakeyou.A:Areyousureit’snottoomuchtroubleB:No,no.It’snotroubleatall.Case

Analysis:

Analyze

thefollowing

conversation

fromaninterculturalperspective.参照答案及评分标准卷VI.True-False:Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.WriteTfor“true”andFfor“false”.（每题1分，共20分）1.F2.F3.F4.T5.T6.T7.T8.F9.F10.T15.T16.F17.F18.T19.T20.FVII.

Translation:

Translatethe

followingChinesetermsintoEnglishandEnglishtermsintoChinese.

（每题

1

分，共

20分）1.stereotypes

定势/刻板印象

2.paralanguage

协助语言

/副语言3.ethnocentrism

民族中心主义

4.masculinity

男性特点5.high-contextculture

高语境文化

6.monochronictime单