(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．merchantn．商人；批发商adj.海上货运的2．fleetn．舰队；机群；车队3．beholdvt.(beheld，beheld)看；看见4．spicen．(调味)香料5．maritimeadj.海的；海运的；海事的6．tournamentn．锦标赛；联赛7．laptopn．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑8．mannedadj.有人控制的；需人操纵的9．submersiblen．潜水器；可潜船10．underwateradv.在水下adj.水下的11．capsulen．胶囊；太空舱12．coraln．珊瑚13．migrationn．迁移；迁徙；移居14．directoryn．名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录15．exploitvt.开发；利用；剥削16．gallonn．加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)17．logvt.把……载入正式记录；记录n．正式记录；日志；原木18．marineadj.海的；海产的；海生的19．MarcoPolo马可·波罗20．Columbus哥伦布21．Churchill丘吉尔22．FerdinandMagellan费迪南德·麦哲伦Ⅱ.记重点单词1．talen．故事；叙述2．negotiatevt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商3．leaguen．等级；水平；联合会；联赛4．royaladj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的5．withdrawvt.&vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离6．channeln．航道；海峡；频道7．bondn．纽带；关系vt.&vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合8．taxvt.对……征税；使纳税n．税；税款9．meanwhileadv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下10．arrestn．逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．extendvt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensiveadj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的→extensionn．扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机2．professionn．职业；行业→professionaladj.专业的；职业的→professorn．教授；(大学的)讲师，教员3．mixturen．混合；结合体；混合物→mixvt.配制；混淆；使混合→mixedadj.混合的；人员混杂的4．coveragen．新闻报道；覆盖范围→covervt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖5．applaudvt.&vi.鼓掌vt.称赞；赞赏→applausen．鼓掌；掌声；喝彩6．murdervt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏n．谋杀；凶杀→murderern．谋杀犯7．mercyn．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→mercifuladj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→mercilessadj.残忍的；无慈悲心的8．possessionn．[usuallypl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possessvt.控制；使掌握；具有；迷住；拥有9．opponentn．反对者；对手；竞争者→opposevt.反对；抵制→opposedadj.反对的；截然不同的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．setsail起航；开航2．inaleagueofone’sown独领风骚3．withdrawfrom退出；撤回4．inhand在手头；可供使用5．pressconference记者招待会；新闻发布会6．searchfor寻找7．underthecommandof在……的指挥下8．inreturnfor作为对……的回报9．forthebenefitof为了……的好处10．thereisanurgentneedtodosth.急需做某事1．passiveadj.被动的；消极的2．passportn．护照3．patternn．式样4．plainadj.朴素的；简单的；普通的5．poisonousadj.有毒的6．portableadj.手提的；便携式的7．postponevt.使延期8．preciousadj.珍贵的1．TheaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas，andstrengthenthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.(Theaimistodo...)这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。2....thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.(Thereisanurgentneedtodosth.迫切需要做某事)……为了了解气候变化以及其影响，迫切需要对北极进行研究。3．Chinahasinvestedbillionsinsystemsandservicesalongtheseroutes，whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.(which引导的非限制定语从句)中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。4．Totrulyunderstandourplanet，wemustexploretheoceanswhichcovermostofit.(不定式作目的状语)为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖大部分星球的海洋。5．Weneedtounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothatwecantakeaction.(sothat引导目的状语从句)我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。eq\x(extend，log，withdraw，negotiate，setsail，bond)TheMingDynastydesiredtostrengthenthe1.bondswithsomewesterncountriesandin1405sevenlargefleetsunderthecommandofZhengHe2.setsailfromtheSouthChinaSea.TheysailedacrosstheIndianOceantotheeastcoastofAfrica，alongthemarinechannelswhichhadbeen3.extendedbytheformermerchantsandexplorers.Theytookgold，silkandspicestotheAfricanroyalfamiliesand4.negotiatedtradedealswiththem.Meanwhile，withadvancedweaponsinhand，theyhadmercyonratherthanexploited，murderedorarrestedthepeopleinothercountries，whointurnapplaudedthem.Theyalso5.loggedmanytalesthathadhappenedalongtheway.AlthoughChina6.withdrewfromfurtherexpeditionsafter1433，thesefleetswereasighttobeholdandwereinaleagueoftheirownatthattime.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇extendvt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供；伸展，展开(extensiveadj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的extensionn．延伸；扩大；延期)extend...to...提供；给予extendto延长到extendby延长了(1)That’sthelogicalextensionofmyapproachtoextensivereading.(extend)(2)Thisroadextendstotheriver，wheretherearemanytouristseveryday.(3)这些课程每周上一节课，每节课两小时，持续超过20周。Thesecoursesarebasedonaweeklytwo-hourclass，extendingoveraperiodoftwentyweeks.(4)我要由衷感谢这些年来为我们做了很多的全体老师。(应用文写作之感谢信)Iwouldliketoextendmyheartfeltgratitudetoallmyteachers，whohavedonesomuchforusovertheyears.mercyn．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠(mercifuladj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的mercilessadj.残忍的；无慈悲心的)showmercyto对……怜悯/宽恕havemercyon/upon对……怜悯/宽恕withoutmercy残忍地；毫无同情地atthemercyof...任由……摆布(1)Themerciful(mercy)kingsavedhimfromdeath，whichmovedhim.(2)Thebossoftenexploitsyoungemployees；thatis，youngemployeesareatthemercyoftheboss.(3)尽管Meredith一家不富裕，但他们同情穷人，总是在可能的时候愿意伸出援手。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)AlthoughtheMeredithsweren’twelloff，theyshowedmercyto/hadmercyon/uponthepoorandwerealwayswillingtoextendasupportinghandwheneverpossible.possessionn．[usuallypl.]个人财产；拥有；控制(possessvt.拥有；具有；支配)takepossessionof(表动作)占有；拥有inpossessionof(表状态)具有；拥有inthepossessionof被……拥有；归……所有(1)幸福不是渴望我们没有的东西，而是享受我们所拥有的东西。Happinessisnotwishingforwhatwedon’thave，butenjoyingwhatwepossess/takepossessionof/areinpossessionof.(2)请记住只有拥有良好的心态你才有可能获得成功。Pleasekeepinmindthatonlybypossessingagoodstateofmindcanyoubelikelytoattainsuccess.(运用倒装句)inhand在手头；可供使用athand近在手边；在附近byhand手工，用手的handinhand手挽手；密切关联ontheonehand...ontheother(hand)一方面……另一方面(用于表示不同的尤其是相对立的两个方面)用hand的相关短语填空(1)Asanoldsayinggoes，“Successandfailurealwaysgohandinhand.”(2)Havingenoughdatainhand，wecansetouttoholdthepressconferenceasscheduled.(3)Meanwhile，you’dbetterkeepadictionarycloseathandsothatyoucanlookupunfamiliarwordsinit.(4)Evenforpersonalletters，themerchantwouldratheruseacomputerthanwritebyhand.(5)Ontheonehand，computersextendourvision；ontheother(hand)，theyalsobringaboutsomeharmfulproblems....thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.……为了了解气候变化以及其影响，迫切需要对北极进行研究。Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.(某人)没有必要做某事。Thereisa/nopossibilitythat...＝Itispossible/impossiblethat...有/没有可能……Thereisnodoubtthat...毫无疑问……Thereisnopoint/sense(in)doingsth.做某事没有意义。(1)急需选择一种既健康又环保的旅游方式，那就是骑自行车。(话题写作之环境保护)Thereisanurgentneedtochooseahealthyandenvironmentallyfriendlywayoftraveling，thatisbicycleriding.(2)没有实践只掌握理论是没有意义的。Thereisnopoint/sense(in)onlymasteringtheorywithoutpractice.(3)毫无疑问，我良好的沟通能力能够使我与他人保持良好的关系。Thereisnodoubtthatmygoodcommunicationskillsenablemetokeepagoodrelationshipwithothers.(4)只要你全神贯注于你的目标，你就有可能实现你的目标。Thereisapossibilitythatyouachieveyourgoalaslongasyouputyourheartintoit.Weneedtounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothatwecantakeaction.我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。•本句中sothat引导目的状语从句，相当于inorderthat，从句中往往含有情态动词，如can，could，may，might等。•sothat也可以引导结果状语从句，此时从句中往往没有情态动词。(1)每个学生都会有不同的弱科和强科，所以他们应该互相学习，这样比起劣势来，他们就可以有更多的优势。Everystudentmayhavedifferentweakandstrongsubjects，sotheyshouldlearnfromeachothersothat/inorderthattheycanhavemoreadvantagesthandisadvantages.(2)请制订一个锻炼计划并坚持下去，这样你就能很快恢复健康。Pleasecomeupwithaworkoutscheduleandsticktoitsothatyoucanrecoversoon.(3)她比从前学习努力，因此她轻松地通过了考试。Shestudiedharderthanbeforesothatshepassedtheexamwithease.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．withdraweq\x(A.退出B.收回发言、意见等C.提取存款等)(1)Iwantedtowithdraw4,000frommybankaccount.C(2)Thetennisplayerwithdrewfromseveraltournamentsduetoinjury.A(3)Sensinghismistake，theministerwithdrewhisstatementlater.B2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Allthepeoplepresentatthemeetingapplaudmydecision.赞成(2)Thecharmingmanarrestedmyattention.吸引Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Thestraightforwardprimeministerextended(extend)hishandtothenewministerofeducationatyesterday’spressconference.2．ItakepossessionofthreecarsandIhavethecapacitytomaintainthemonaregularbasis.3．Hedoesn’thavethefreedomtochoosewhathelikes，soIhavemercyon/uponhim.4．Inegotiatedwithothersponsorsoftheexhibitionabouthowtoorganizeitperfectly.5．Forsomereason，IwithdrewfromahandfulofgrandclubsandIwillneverjointhemagain.6．Thecoverage(cover)provedtobeoutoflinewiththetruthandwasdeleted.7．Hemurdered(murder)apoliticalleader，sohewasputinprisonandlosthislibertyforever.8．Withsomereferencebooksonpoliticsinhand，Icanrefertothemwhenevernecessary.9．Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixture(mix)ofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements.10．Allthemerchantsstayedsilent，listenedtomecarefullyandgavemeabigroundofapplause(applaud)attheend.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练倡议书——共享单车1．由于有共享单车可使用，我们的学校生活变得越来越便利了。(with复合结构)Withsharedbikesinhand，ourschoollifehasbecomeincreasinglyconvenient.2．但是许多学生把车子停在校园里，甚至上了私锁，这给下一批使用者造成不便。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)Butmanystudentsparkthebikesoncampusandevenputprivatelocksonthem，whichcausesinconveniencetonextusers.3．因此，急需改变这种不恰当的行为。(Thereisanurgentneedtodosth.)Sothereisanurgentneedtochangetheimproperbehavior.4．为了提高学生合理使用共享单车的意识，我们学校号召我们学生恰当使用共享单车。(todo作目的状语)Toraisestudents’awarenessofusingsharedbikesreasonably，ourschoolcallsonusstudentstousesharedbikesproperly.5．我们学生应该响应学校的号召以便每个人能够受益于这项服务。(sothat引导目的状语从句)Westudentsshouldrespondtothecallofourschoolsothateveryonecanbenefitfromthisservice.Ⅱ.微