(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Science Fiction (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．bonusn．意外收获；奖金；红利2．ridiculousadj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的3．absurdadj.荒谬的；荒唐的4．nailn．指甲；趾甲；钉子vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定5．suspendvt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓6．laddern．梯子；阶梯7．whereasconj.然而；但是；尽管8．rumourn．谣言；传闻9．presumevt.&vi.假定；假设10．faren．车费；船费；飞机票价11．gramme(NAmEgram)n.克(重量单位)12．venuen．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)13．alienn．外星人(生物)；外国人adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的14．inactionn．无行动；不采取措施15．levern．操纵杆；杠杆16．paneln．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组17．inchn．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)18．gripvt.&vi.紧握；抓紧19．hazyadj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的20．puffn．(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息21．joltn．震动；摇晃；颠簸vt.&vi.(使)震动；摇晃22．flipvt.&vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛23．stunvt.使震惊；使昏迷24．overstatementn．夸大；夸张25．IsaacAsimov艾萨克·阿西莫夫26．Braille(alsobraille)布拉耶盲文(凸点符号)27．TheThree-BodyProblem《三体》28．HugoAward雨果奖Ⅱ.记重点单词1．fictionn．小说；虚构的事2．integrityn．诚实正直；完整；完好3．dignityn．庄重；庄严；尊严4．salaryn．薪水；薪金5．saleswomann．女售货员；女推销员6．dismissvt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除7．weeklyadj.每周的n．周刊8．chairwomann．女主席；女董事长；女委员长9．flourn．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉10．salesmann．售货员；推销员11．superioradj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的12．labourn．劳动(者)；体力劳动vi.奋斗；努力工作13．leathern．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套14．backwards(NAmEbackward)adv.向后；倒着；往回15．niecen．侄女；外甥女16．fetchvt.(去)拿来；(去)请来17．handkerchiefn．手帕；纸巾18．lampn．灯；台灯19．pacen．速度；步伐；节奏vt.&vi.确定速度；调整节奏20．randomadj.随机的；不可思议的21．maximumadj.最大极限的n．最大量；最大限度Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．appointmentn．预约；约会；委任→appointvt.任命；委派；指定；约定2．guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guiltn．内疚；罪行；罪过3．declarevt.表明；宣称；公布→declarationn．宣称；声明4．calculatevt.计算；核算；预测→calculatorn．计算器→calculationn．计算5．blurredadj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→blurv．(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊6．divisionn．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→dividevt.分开；分散；分配；分享7．urgen．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgentadj.紧急的；急迫的8．explodevi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→explosionn．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增9．mudn．泥；泥浆→muddyadj.泥泞的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．sciencefiction(informalsci-fi)科幻小说(或影片等)2．testout检验；测试3．morelike更像是；更接近4．ona...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)5．prosandcons事物的利与弊；支持与反对6．superiorto比……更好；更胜一筹7．takeover占上风；取而代之；接管；接手8．conflictwith与……冲突或抵触9．turnout关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是10．fallaway(逐渐)减少；消失11．haveanurgeto有强烈的欲望做某事1．mysteryn．神秘；神秘的事物2．nationwideadj.全国范围的；全国性的3．negotiatevi.谈判；商议4．neighbourhood(美neighborhood)n.四邻；邻近地区5．normaln．&adj.正常的(状态)6．nutritionn．营养；营养品7．obtainvt.得到8．occupationn．职业；占有1．Onthesecondmorning，Tonybroughtherbreakfastandthenaskedherwhethersheneededhelpdressing.(whether引导的宾语从句)第二天早晨，托尼给克莱尔端来了早餐，还问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。2．Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday，andthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.(morethan...不仅仅……)她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。3．ItfeltlikeIwasbeingdrivenfastonawindingroad.(feellike...感觉像……)这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。4．SolongasItravelledatmaximumspeed，itdidn’tmatter.(solongas引导条件状语从句)只要我全速行进就不会有问题。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。eq\x(bonus，guilty，division，declare，appointment)Myniece，Jane，labouredtothemaximumfor10yearsinashoppingmallandfinallyshetookupan1.appointmentasthechairwoman.Shewasrespectedbyallthesalesmenandsaleswomenbecauseshewasfullofintegrityanddignity.Sheexactlycalculatedthestaff’ssalariesandrewardedthebestoneswitha2.bonus.Mostofthestaffweremodest，whereasonesalesman，Jack,3.declaredthathecouldsellanythingbyabsurdoverstatements，suchassciencefictions，ladders，flour，leathers，leversofvariouspanels，handkerchiefs，nails，lampsandevenmud.Inhisview，hewassuperiortoothers，sohehadanurgetotakeoverthepositionofsalesmanager.Itturnedoutthatheoftenconflictedwithothers.ThencamearumourthatallthestaffwouldresignifJackwasn’tdismissed，whichgreatlystunnedJaneandevenmadeherexplodewithanger.Janethoughtinactionwasimproper，sosheurgedJacktoweighprosandcons.Otherwise，hisjobwouldbesuspended.Jackfeltso4.guiltyabouthisridiculousbehaviorthattearsblurredhiseyes.Hepromisedtoapologizetoallthestaffatameetingonaweeklybasistoremovethe5.divisionbetweenhimandhiscolleagues.Hewouldsharewhathegrippedfromthatdayon.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(guiltn．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行)beguiltyof犯有……罪be/feelguiltyfor/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧(1)Shehadfeelingsofguilt(guilty)aboutleavingherchildrenandgoingtowork.(2)Ifeltguiltyfor/at/aboutmyconflictwithmydearfriendandImustapologizetohim.(3)她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶，”脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。(读后续写之愧疚心理描写)①“ButIhavecheatedmygrandmother，”shesaid，andtearsofguiltfloweddownhercheeks.(并列句)②“ButIhavecheatedmygrandmother，”shesaid，tearsofguiltflowingdownhercheeks.(独立主格结构)urgen．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐(urgentadj.紧急的；急迫的)•have/feelanurgetodosth.有强烈的欲望做某事•urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事urgethat...(should)dosth.极力主张/强调……做某事Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.极力主张/强调……做某事(1)Thesalesmandidn’tworkyesterdaybecausehehadsomeurgent(urge)thingstohandle.(2)家长应该积极督促孩子利用这个机会参加户外活动。①Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotakeadvantageoftheopportunitytoparticipateinoutdooractivities.(urgesb.todosth.)②Parentsshouldactivelyurgethattheirchildren(should)takeadvantageoftheopportunitytoparticipateinoutdooractivities.(urgethat...)(3)我渴望减肥，因此，我绝不在两餐之间吃零食。Ihaveanurgetoloseweight，soIwillneversnackbetweenmeals.takeover占上风；取而代之；接管；接手takeoff起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功takeon呈现；雇用；承担takein包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留takeup占去；占据；开始从事用take短语的适当形式填空Aftertakingoverthefirmfromhisfather，Tomtookinsomescientificideasandtookonsomeexperiencedandhard-workingworkers，whichsuggestedthathisfirmwouldtakeoffsoon.Tomheldthestrongbeliefthathisfirmwouldtakeonanewlookinthenearfuture.turnout关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是turndown拒绝；关小；调低turnin上交turnover翻身；移交；转变turnto求助于；转向turnup出现；调高(1)所有的候选人必须在截止日期前交上申请表和相关材料。Allthecandidatesmustturnintheapplicationformsandrelevantmaterialsbeforethedeadline.(2)有如此多的数学难题要解决，我必须向我的老师求助。Withsomanydifficultmathproblemstohandle，Imustturntomyteacherforhelp.(3)你最好按时出现，或者比约定的时间早几分钟。Youhadbetterturnuppunctuallyorafewminutesearlierthantheappointedtime.Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday，andthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。•morethan＋数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over。morethan＋名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅……”，相当于notonly。morethan＋形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当于very。•moreAthanB与其说B不如说A(1)写出下列句子中morethan的汉语意思①Sheboughtmorethantenhandkerchiefsandtwopairsofleathershoesatatime，whichmadehermotherexplodewithanger.多于；超过②Iammorethangladtohelpyouanalyzetheprosandconsofthechoiceyouhavemade.非常③Thechairwomanismorethanourleader；sheisalsoourfriend.不仅仅(2)Iwouldbemorethandelighted(我会非常高兴)ifyoucouldcomeandjoininmybirthdaypartyat7p．m.nextFridayatmyhome.Therewillbemorethantenfriends(将会有十几个朋友)presentattheparty.Thepartyismorethanforfun(派对不仅仅是为了玩)；itisalsoformutualcommunication.Sopleaseacceptmysincereinvitation.(应用文写作之邀请信)ItfeltlikeIwasbeingdrivenfastonawindingroad.这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。在读后续写中可以适当采用明喻这一修辞方法，增加故事情节的生动性。明喻主要采用比喻词like，as。(1)当他听我们谈论丰富多彩的生活时，他脸上的笑容灿烂得如钻石一样闪闪发光。Whenheheardustalkingaboutthecolorfullife，thesmileonhisfaceshonelikeadiamond.(2)它在温柔低语，就像一个小女孩对她的母亲私语一样。Itmurmuredinasoftvoicelikealittlegirlwhisperingtohermother.(3)汤姆病得很厉害，不能去聚会。Tomwasassickasadog，andcouldn’tgototheparty.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．dismisseq\x(A.vt.消除B.vt.解散；让某人离开C.vt.解雇)(1)Theclasswasdismissedearlytoday.B(2)Hewasdismissedfromhisjobforinactionandincompetence.C(3)Igentlypattedhimontheshouldertodismisshisfearsfromhismind.A2．turnouteq\x(A.出席；在场B.生产；制造C.结果是D.关掉；熄灭)(1)Heturnedouttobeguiltyforhismeanwordsandtearsofregretblurredhiseyes.C(2)Keepinmindthatyoumustturnoutthelampinyourroomwhenyouleave.D(3)Thebossdeclaredthatallthestaffmustturnoutforthemeeting.A(4)ThefactoryisexpectedtoturnouttwiceasmanyTVsetsthisyearaslastyear.B3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnackbetweenmeals.强烈的欲望(2)Hissonliedtohimbydesignandheexplodedwithanger.(感情的)爆发Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Tomygreatsorrow，mygirlfrienddidn’tturnupattheappointed(appoint)time.2．MymindwentblankandIfeltguilty(guilt)aboutnotansweringthequestioncorrectly.3．Thechairwomanhasdeclaredthat100workerswillbedismissed(dismiss)beforethedeadline—June10.4．TheyreciteTangpoemsonaregularbasisandthus，theyaregoodatChinese.5．Thiscountrydeclaredwaronfourcountriesatthesametimebecauseofcomplicatedpoliticalcontradictions.6．Heperformedperfectlyinthespeechcontestandanexplosion(explode)ofapplausecameoutoftheaudience.7．Ofthetwoformats，Ithinkthisoneissuperiortotheotherone.8．Theboyshowsnosympathyforotherstudentsandoftenconflictswiththem.9．Asasciencestudent，Ineverfeltanurgetoappreciate(appreciate)anyliteraryworks.10．Hepickedupahandkerchiefatrandomandhandedittothisinnocentgirltowipehertears.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练建议信——参加中国戏剧知识竞赛1．得知你即将参加中国戏剧知识竞赛，我非常高兴。(morethan)I’mmorethangladtolearnthatyouwilltakepartintheChinesedramaknowledgecompetition.2．这是我的关于如何为之准备的建议。(here位于句首的全部倒装句)Herearemytipsonhowtoprepareforit.3．首先，提前多了解一些中国现代戏剧证明是非常有益的。(turnout)Firstofall，learningmoreaboutmodernChinesedramainadvanceturnsouttobequitebeneficial.4．第二，你对戏剧的深刻理解取决于你是否经常和其他参与者交换想法。(whether引导的宾语从句)Secondly，yourdeepunderstandingofthedramadependson/uponwhetheryouexchange(your)id