(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义第2部分 语法专题 语法专题 专题四 第3讲　并列句和状语从句 (含答案)

第3讲并列句和状语从句考点一并列句XiaoMingtookhiscellphonetoschooland①playedcellphoneinclass，so②hisheadteacherwasveryangry.HesaidtoXiaoMing，“Othersarestudyinghardwhile③youareplayinghard.Youeitherquitschoolorbreakthecellphone.④”XiaoMingdidn’twanttobreakhiscellphonebut⑤hecouldn’tquitschool.Hethoughttohimself，“Breakit，orIwillbedismissed.⑥”Ifhewasdismissed，notonlywouldhismothercrybutalsohisfatherwoulddeliverhimaspanking①.注释：①and，notonly...but(also)...，both...and...，neither...nor...等表并列、顺承或递进关系。②for，so表因果关系。for连接的分句一般不能放在句首。③while作为并列连词，强调两种情况的对比。④or，either...or...，not...but...等表选择关系。⑤but，yet，whereas等表转折关系。⑥and，or表条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中。上述所有连词在使用时，一定要注意连词所连接的成分都是同样的结构。如果连接单词则两边都是单词，如果连接句子则两边都是句子，如果连接短语则两边都是短语。不能出现一边是连接名词，另一边连接句子或动词短语等其他情况。如：NotonlycanithelpyouimproveyourEnglish，butalsocanhelpyoufindmorefriends.(×)NotonlycanithelpyouimproveyourEnglish，butalsoitcanhelpyoufindmorefriends.(√)1．notonly...butalso...连接的两个并列分句，可使用部分倒装，但只倒装notonly引导的分句。Notonlydoesshetreatuswithconsiderationbutalsosheteachesinahumorousway.她不但对我们体贴，而且还用很幽默的方式教学。2．使用“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构时，一定要注意连词的使用，不能遗漏。Walkstraightdowntheroadforabout300meters，andyouwillseethehotelontheright.沿着这条路直走大约三百米，你会发现那个旅馆就在你右手边。注意：when可用作并列连词，相当于andatthis/thattime，意为“正在这/那时；突然”，常用于下列句式：sb.beabouttodo/onthepointofdoingsth.when...(某人正要做某事，突然……)；sb.bedoingsth.when...(某人正在做某事，突然……)；sb.hadjustdonesth.when...(某人刚做完某事，突然……)。Hewasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.他正要出去，电话铃突然响了。Hehadjustfinishedwritingareportwhenthebosslethimtypealetter.他刚写完一篇报告，老板就让他打印一封信件。点对点练习单句语法填空1．Atschool，somestudentsareactivewhilesomeareshy，yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.2．TheotherdayIwasdoingsomegroceryshoppingwhenamanwalkedtowardagroupofusatthecheckoutstand.3．Followyourdoctor’sadvice，oryourcoughwillgetworse.4．Johnplaysbasketballwell，but/yethisfavoritesportisbadminton.5．Henryisverysmart，somanyofhisclassmateslikehim.考点二时间状语从句OneSaturdaymorning，whenIwaslisteningtomyfavoritesongs①，mymotheraskedmetodomyhomeworkfirst.However，assoonassheleft②，IturnedonmyMP3again.Ididn’tstarttodomyhomeworkuntilIheardsomebodyopeningthedoor.③HardlyhadItakenoutmypenwhenmymothercameback.④Mymumwasveryangry，“EverytimeIgoout⑤，youwilldootherthingsinsteadofdoinghomework.IthasbeentwohourssinceIleft⑥.HowmuchhomeworkhadyoufinishedbythetimeIenteredtheroom⑦？YoubegantodootherthingsthemomentIsteppedoutoftheroom⑧，didn’tyou？”Itwashalfanhourbeforeshestoppedscoldingme⑨.IhopeIwillgetridofthebadhabitsastimegoesby⑩.IpromiseIwillnotdothesamethingwhenshegoesoutnexttime①.注释：①when当……时候②assoonas一……就……③notuntil直到……才……④eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(Hardly...when...,Nosooner...than...))一……就……⑤everytime后面直接跟句子，相同用法的还有thefirsttime，nexttime等⑥since自从……起，主句用现在完成时⑦bythetime到……时候为止，主句常常与完成时连用⑧themoment后面直接跟句子，表“一……就……”，相同用法的还有theminute，theinstant，directly，immediately，instantly⑨before到……为止，在……之前⑩as随着1．by＋过去的时间，主句用过去完成时；by＋现在的时间，主句用现在完成时；by＋将来的时间，主句用将来完成时。Ihadrememberedabout2,000wordsbythetimeIgraduatedfromjuniorhighschool.到初中毕业为止，我已经记了大约两千个单词了。Bythetimeyoucomeback，wewillhavefinishedthejob.到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。2．before的特殊用法(1)Itwillbe＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时)Itwillbefourhoursbeforehisflightarrives.要过四个小时之后，他的航班才会到达。(2)It＋was＋时间段＋before从句(一般过去时)Itwastenyearsbeforethecouplemetagain.十年之后，这对夫妇才再次相见。3．since引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来”，常用结构为“Itis/hasbeen＋一段时间＋since...”(从句用一般过去时)。当since引导的从句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，时间的计算从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。当since引导的从句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时，计时起点从动作开始时算起。Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinourclass.(延续性动词)她离开我们班有三年了。Itisfouryearssincethewarbrokeout.(非延续性动词)自战争爆发以来已有四年了。点对点练习单句语法填空1．Notuntilwesucceedinlettingwildlifeliveinpeacecanwesmileinrelief.2．Airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreserious，sowemusttakeactionbeforeitistoolate.3.Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.4．WhilewatchingTV，childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages.5．IthasbeenagessinceJackbecameamemberofthefamousclub.考点三其他状语从句IfailedtopasstheexamyesterdaybecauseIwascareless①.Iwassosadthattearscameoutofmyeyes.②Myteachernoticedthisandcalledmetoheroffice.“Thoughyou’reclever③，youdidn’tperformaswellasyourdeskmatedidthistime④.Why?Hewillmakeamarkwherehemakesamistake⑤andfigureitoutinhisnotebook.Ifyoucorrectyourmistakes⑥ashedoes⑦aftertheexam，youwillmakegreatprogressnexttime.”ImustlearnfrommydeskmatesothatIcanpasstheexamnexttime.⑧注释：①为原因状语从句②为结果状语从句③为让步状语从句④为比较状语从句⑤为地点状语从句⑥为条件状语从句⑦为方式状语从句⑧为目的状语从句1．让步状语从句(1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。Although/Thoughhemaybetroubled，healwayspresentsacalmsmilingface.尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的笑脸。Childas/thoughhewas，hehelpedmealot.尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很多忙。(2)although与though都可以与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。Although/Thoughitwasraininghard，yettheywentonplayingfootball.虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。(3)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems，Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。(4)nomatterwho(what，when，which，how等)引导让步状语从句时，相当于“who(what，when，which，how等)＋-ever”，表示“无论何人(什么，何时，哪个/些，怎样等)”。Hekeepstakingexercisenomatterhowcolditis.不管天气有多冷，他都坚持锻炼。Whateverworkwedo，weshoulddoourbest.不管做什么工作，我们都应尽全力。(5)whether...or...引导让步状语时，意为“不管……，还是……”。Whetherhecomeshereorwegothere，thetopicofthediscussionwillremainunchanged.不管他来这儿还是我们去那儿，讨论的话题都会保持不变。2．目的状语从句(1)inorderthat与sothat引导的目的状语从句inorderthat比sothat正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而sothat引导的从句只能置于主句之后。Speakloudersothat/inorderthatthepeopleinthehallcanallhearyou.大点声讲，以便大厅里的人都能听见。Inorderthatwegetthereontime，weshouldsetoutearly.为了准时赶到那里，我们应该早点出发。(2)forfearthat与incase引导的目的状语从句forfearthat表示“唯恐；生怕”；incase表示“以免，以防”。Leaveyourkeywithyourneighborincaseyoulockyourselfoutoneday.留一把钥匙给你的邻居，以防哪天你把自己锁在门外。3．结果状语从句在so...that...和such...that...结构中，当“so＋adj./adv.”或“such＋n.”置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。SoanxiousamIthatIcan’tsleepuntildeepintothenight.我是如此的焦虑以至于直到半夜我才能睡着。SofastdidherunthatIcouldn’tcatchhim.他跑得那么快，我抓不住他。4．条件状语从句unless意义上等于ifnot，在应用时如果不把握可以用ifnot替换一下，讲得通的话，才能使用unless。You’llfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。点对点练习单句语法填空1．Well，I’mworkingonahugeassignmentandifIdon’tdowell，itwillruinmyreputationasanexcellentaccountant!2．Hewillnevermakeprogressinmathunlesshereallywantstolearnit.3．Wherevershegoes，therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.4．Supposing/Suppose(suppose)thattheyrefuseus，whoelsecanweturntoforhelp?5．Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.6．Myparentsdon’tmindwhatjobIdoaslongasIamhappy.7．Ifguestsareseatedatthetable，hostsmayservethefood，oritmaybepassedsothateachpersonmayhelphimself.8．Enjoyingafreshmorningisimportantbecause/asitcansetthemoodfortherestoftheday.9．Hespeakssoslowlyandstrangelythatittakespatiencetounderstandwhatheissaying.10．Theytreatherasthough/ifsheweretheirdaughter.单句语法填空1．Inastudyof33yearsoftrendsinBodyMassIndex(体重指数)across200countries，thescientistsfoundthatpeopleworldwidearegettingheavierandthatmostoftheriseisduetogainsinBMIinruralareas.(2021·浙江1月)2．Irenesaid，“Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsIhavemadeovertheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto，butbecauseIwantto.”(2019·全国Ⅱ)3．Whilesomepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess，othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure.(2016·江苏)4．Ireallyenjoylisteningtomusicbecauseithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfromothercaresoftheday.(2016·北京)5．Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembeforewecansolveit.(2015·天津)1．分析单词、短语或句子的逻辑关系或句式结构。(1)完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词。(2)若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处必定填连词。2．牢记连词词义并能熟练运用是解答题目的先决条件。3．注意固定句式中的连词。层级一基础达标练单句语法填空1．Theexplosionrockedthelakewithsuchaforcethatdeadfishimmediatelybegantosurface.2．Inaddition，forestshavebeendecreasingrapidlybecause/astoomanytreeshavebeencutdown.3．Mostimportantly，rememberthefollowingoldrule：trytoeatdifferentfoods，but/yetnottoomuch.4．Neverloseheartandyou’llmakeaquickadvanceinyourproject.5．Ihadhardlysatdownonthetrainandopenedabarofchocolatewhenanoldmanwithhugebagssatdownacrossfromme.6．IfyouvisitNepal，youwillfindNepaleseoftengreeteachotherwiththehandspressedtogetherinsteadofshakinghands，whileinNorthAmericaandtheU．K.，peoplegreetoneanotherbyshakinghands.7．InthestateofIowa，ifyoulivemorethanamileawayfromschoolyoucangetaschoolpermit.8．TenyearslaterIstillkeepintouchwithmyclassmates，though/althoughI’venevermetthemaftergraduation.9．Butfornow，theyallhavetopostponetheirplansuntil/tillthewinterstormspass.10．Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyearsbeforeitispossibletotestthismedicineonpatients.11．Asweallknow，wherethereisawill，thereisaway.12．Tiredas/thoughIwas，Iwentonwithmyworkonthefarm.13．IwaswalkingtoschoolthismorningwhenIcaughtsightofanoldwomanwithawalkingsticklyingontheground.14．Youmustattendthemeetingunlessitisinconvenienttoyou.15．Dorememberthatitisunwisetotrusthim，whateverhesays.层级二高考真题练单句语法填空1．Weallneedtogetinvolvedinsavingenergywhetherit’satwork，athome，oratschool.(2021·天津3月)2．WehiredourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.Ittookusabout3hourstogoallthewayaroundtheXi’anCityWall.(2021·全国甲)3．Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconceptuntilthelate1980s.(2021·全国乙)4．Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobigoruntiltheydied，andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)5．When/Asheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist，theysmiledandpointeddowntheriver.(2020·全国Ⅲ)6．Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents’opinionunlesshewantstheirsupport.(2019·天津6月)7．Ifwedon’tstopclimatechange，manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.(2018·北京)8．Let’snotpickthesepeachesuntilthisweekendsothattheygetsweetenoughtobeeaten.(2018·天津6月)9．Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething，youmayresearch，study，andtalktootherpeopleuntil/tillyoufigureitout.(2017·北京)10．—Whydopeoplelikepopmusic?Ihateitsomuch.—Evenif/thoughitisnotyourstyle，thatdoesn’tmeanitisbad.(2020·天津)层级三语篇提能练语法填空连词篇2.intheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.Istillremember3.(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshocked4.Ilearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.5．regularlyeatingoutseemstohavebecomecommonformanyyoungpeoplein7.(high)costonyourhealth.Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtheriseinweightproblems.8．youarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem，thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shome9.dinner，getafewcookingtipsfromher.Cookingfoodcanbefun.Youmightalsobegintonoticetheeffectsnotonlyonyourhealth10.inyourpocket.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。作者分析了外出就餐的代价，并建议我们要尝试自己做饭，这样做不仅对自身健康有好处还能节约开支。1．答案who/that解析考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是westerners(西方人)，用who或that引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。2．答案than解析句意为：许多来中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭是多么便宜，他们做饭的次数就会比在自己国家少得多。根据句意可知，此处为比较级，故填than。3．答案visiting解析考查动名词作宾语。rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事。4．答案when解析考查连词。此处为时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，故用when。5．答案While/Though/Although解析考查连词。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”；句首单词首字母需大写，故填While/Though/Although。6．答案but解析考查连词。前后语义为转折关系，故填but。7．答案higher解析考查形容词的比较级。“副词even＋比较级”表示“更……”，强调程度。8．答案If解析考查条件状语从句。句意为：如果你不打算遭受这个问题的困扰，那么我建议你下次去你妈妈家吃晚饭的时候，向她学习一些烹饪技巧。故填If。9．答案for解析考查介词。gotoyourmum’shomefordinner去你妈妈家吃饭。for表示目的，意为“为了要，为了得到”。10．答案but解析考查连词。notonly...butalso...不但……而且……，为固定搭配，also可省略。故填but。1．notonly...butalso...典例(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)这次赛跑不仅丰富了我们的课外活动，而且增强了我