高三英语二模D篇阅读赏析与解析 讲义

高三二模D篇阅读赏析与解析“我没上过高中大学,大都会美术馆就是我的大学,我不知道去过多少次,

到现在我也没从这里毕业。”，这是陈丹青对于大都会博物馆的极高的评价。本文会从哪个角度直击大都会博物馆？

咱们且看且分析。

（原文）Americansclearlylovetheirmuseums.Oneofthemostfamous,NewYork’sMetropolitanMuseumofArt(theMet),sawarecord6.5millionvisitorsin2015.Butrecordattendancedoesn’tnecessarilytranslateintorecordrevenue(收入).Lastmonth,theMetsaiditwastryingtoeraseaUS$10millionbudgetdeficit(赤字).Meanwhile,oneofitsrivals,theMuseumofModernArt(MoMA),wasabundantincash,butonlyaboutthreemillionpeoplestoppedbyin2015.Whydosomemuseumsflourishwhileothersflounder?Myresearchleadsmetobelievetherearethreereasons:fashion,billionairesanddemographics.以Americansclearlylovetheirmuseums开启全文，此处作者别有一番用意。意在博物馆的存在之于美国民众不可或缺。

且在首自然段，拿MetropolitanMuseumofArt(theMet)和theMuseumofModernArt

(MoMA)对比。唯有对比才可高低立判。唯有对比才能发现问题所在。

MetropolitanMuseumofArt(the

Met)theMuseumofModernArt(MoMA)a

record6.5millionvisitorsin2015only

aboutthreemillionpeoplestoppedbyin2015a

US$10millionbudgetdeficitabundant

incashnot

addmuchtothemuseum’smoderncollectionproviding

suchworksintheircollectionsflourishflounder

对比theMuseumofModernArt(MoMA),wasabundantincash,theMetsaiditwastryingtoeraseaUS$10millionbudgetdeficit。前者现金充裕，故flourish，即繁荣昌盛，而后者正试图去除一千万美金的预算赤字，故flounder，即深陷泥沼。对于theMeet而言，尴尬之处在于，recordattendancedoesn’tnecessarilytranslateintorecordrevenue。创纪录的参观人数未能转化为创纪录的收入。原因何在？该段末尾Myresearchleadsmetobelievetherearethreereasons:fashion,billionairesanddemographics，起提纲挈领作用。既是对Whydosomemuseumsflourishwhileothersflounder?的回答，即为，原因有三：时兴，亿万富翁和参观者特征，也是全文主旨。

（原文）First,underlyingtheMet’sfinancialchallengesistheproblemwiththeacquisitionspolicy.RecentdirectorsoftheMetdidnotaddmuchtothemuseum’smoderncollection.TheargumentwasthatmuseumssuchastheMoMAwerealreadyprovidingsuchworksintheircollectionsandthattheacquisitionofcontemporaryartbylivingartistswasproblematicandrisky.However,giventhefactthatmuseum-goersincreasinglyfavorcontemporaryart,therevenueoftheMetwilllikelyfallifitisn’tabletokeepupwiththetastesofthecustomers.Andbythetimeitmightrecognizethis,it’salreadytoolatetodomuchaboutitbecausethecoststoacquirethein-demandartissky-high.Thisleadstoasecondcriticalissue—thechangingdistributionofincomeanditseffectsonmuseumfinanceandoperation.

虽然在首自然段开宗明义地言及三原因之一fashion，然而此段并无fashion的直接表述，而fashion又无处不在。通过underlyingtheMet’sfinancialchallengesistheproblemwiththeacquisitionspolicy，点明theMet’sfinancialchallenges的问题在于theacquisitionspolicy。即为，NewYork’sMetropolitanMuseumofArt(theMet)的财务挑战的根源问题在于其收购政策。其直接的后果是didnotaddmuchtothemuseum’smoderncollection。也即没有为该博物馆增加现代作品收集。故theMet的操作已使其陷入恶性循环。对比其现金充裕的rival，MoMAwerealreadyprovidingsuchworksintheircollections。这就是最好的诠释。不管是从收入的增加，还是通过得到现代艺术品从而满足参观者所需，MoMA已形成良性循环。此处针对两个博物馆的不同做法，上面表格已给出。一方面，therevenueoftheMetwilllikelyfallifitisn’tabletokeepupwiththetastesofthecustomers。也即，面对参观者日益喜欢现代艺术的趋向，如果Met不能持续保持满足顾客的胃口，则其收入的下降只会是或早或晚的事情。再有，bythetimeitmightrecognizethis,it’salreadytoolatetodomuchaboutitbecausethecoststoacquirethein-demandartissky-high。同样还是fashion的问题。也即获得需要的现代艺术品的成本已高到博物馆无法应对的地步。此问题也导致thechangingdistributionofincomeanditseffectsonmuseumfinanceandoperation。也即，收入分配变化和其对博物馆经济与运营的影响。

（原文）Wearelivinginaboomperiodforcontemporaryart.Thenumberofauctions(拍卖)andartfairshasgrownenormouslytoaccommodatethisgrowingmarket.Inaworldwithabout1,800billionaires,itonlytakesarelativefewtodrivehigh-endartpricestoastronomicallevels.WorksbytheGermanartistGerhardRichterhavegenerated$1.2billioninsalesinrecentyears.Thesoaringpricesmeanmuseumssimplycan’tkeepupandmustusuallydependondonationstoassemblethebestworks,orthey’repricedout.Moreover,billionairesthemselvesareincreasinglysettinguptheirownprivatemuseums,furtherdistancingtheabilityofpublicmuseumstogetthegoodstuff.再看看第二个原因。一方面Inaworldwithabout1,800billionaires,itonlytakesarelativefewtodrivehigh-endartpricestoastronomicallevels，也即，1800个左右的亿万富翁，驱动高端艺术品达到天文数字级别不费吹灰之力。然而Thesoaringpricesmeanmuseumssimplycan’tkeepupandmustusuallydependondonationstoassemblethebestworks,orthey’repricedout，飞涨的价格只能使得博物馆无法跟进，且只有依靠捐助收集到最好的艺术作品，否则便被淘汰出局。再有，还是billionaires。billionairesthemselvesareincreasinglysettinguptheirownprivatemuseums,furtherdistancingtheabilityofpublicmuseumstogetthegoodstuff。也即，亿万富翁自己也开始建立他们自己的博物馆，此举进一步拉大公共博物馆和好的艺术品之间的距离。

（原文）Athirdinterrelatedproblemisthatdemographicissueshaveputpressureontherevenueside.Unemployment,earlyretirementsandtheagingofthepopulationintheUShavecontributedtoincreasedattendanceatmuseums.Youmightthinkit’sagoodthing,butmoretrafficmeanshighercosts,andwhenthoseadditionalvisitorsdon’tresultinmorerevenue,profitabilitygoesdown.Thisisbecauseofthelongstandingmovementtowardmakingmuseums“free”byhavingindividuals,governmentorbusinesses“sponsor”thecost.Butwhenthatsupportgetsreducedbybudgetcostsoranotherreason,museumsmusteithercoverthecostthemselvesorlosepatronsbysuddenlychargingfees.Thereisevidencethatattendanceriseswheneconomicgrowthslows,butthat’salsowhenthose“sponsors”aremorelikelytobegintodisappear.第三个原因，demographicissueshaveputpressureontherevenueside。也即博物馆参观人数的增加（increasedattendanceatmuseumsormoreadditionalvisitorsormoretraffic）未能带来利润的增长而是下降。主要原因在于thelongstandingmovementtowardmakingmuseums“free”byhavingindividuals,governmentorbusinesses“sponsor”thecost。也即长久以来，个人，政府或企业“捐助”成本而使得博物馆推行免费举措。尴尬之处还在于，whenthatsupportgetsreducedbybudgetcostsoranotherreason,museumsmusteithercoverthecostthemselvesorlosepatronsbysuddenlychargingfees。也即，由于削减预算成本或他因导致支持下降时，博物馆要么自付成本，要么因突然收费而失去资助者。颇为矛盾的是，Thereisevidencethatattendanceriseswheneconomicgrowthslows,butthat’salsowhenthose“sponsors”aremorelikelytobegintodisappear。一方面，经济增长的减缓导致参观者人数的上升。但同时资助者则更有可能开始下降。前者加大了运行成本，后者导致后续资金无以为继。

（原文）Museumswillcertainlycontinuetoexistandprovideuswithinvaluableinsightsintoourculture.Buttheymustexistundereconomicprinciples,andit’dbewisefortheir

administratorstoconsidertheeconomicsintheircalculations.面对以上Met所面对的诸多问题，作者首肯博物馆存在对于公众的重要性和必要性，也即provideuswithinvaluableinsightsintoourculture。此处呼应全文第一句话。仅有高大上的贡献而忽略其运营的重重困难，只会使其深陷泥沼（flounder）。因此作者呼吁theymustexistundereconomicprinciples,andit’dbewisefortheiradministratorstoconsidertheeconomicsintheircalculations。也即，博物馆须在经济原理下存在，经营者把经济因素考虑在内则是明智之举。也许突然有一天，宣布取消thelongstandingmovementtowardmakingmuseums“free”对于theMet而言，实属不错的选择。再者，在theacquisitionspolicytoaddmuchtothemuseum’smoderncollectionsoastokeepupwiththetastesofthecustomers上做出相应调整，而非无所作为。此举或可使其摆脱当前困局。

答案解析：31．Accordingtotheauthor,

  .A．MoMAsawariseindonationduetoitsincreasedattendanceB．theMetfailedtorespondtotheartistictastesofmodernvisitorsC．theMetconsideredworksofthelivingartistsasquestionableD．MoMAaddedtoitsmoderncollectiondespitethebudgetdeficit

解析：此题是关键词对应下的细节题。答案A中的ariseindonation非原文所提。且increasedattendance属于theMet对应信息。答案D中的thebudgetdeficit属于theMet的信息。答案C中的worksofthelivingartists，原文对应信息为theacquisitionofcontemporaryartbylivingartistswasproblematicandrisky。也即活着的艺术家的现代艺术作品的购置是有问题的且具有风险性。B答案来源于第二自然段。也即，RecentdirectorsoftheMetdidnotaddmuchtothemuseum’smoderncollection。再有museum-goersincreasinglyfavorcontemporaryart。所以B为正确答案。

32．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Billionairescontrolartauctionstopriceoutpublicmuseums.B．Theboomofmodernartwillleadvisitorstoprivatemuseums.C．Theincreaseinvisitorscanhurttheprofitabilityofmuseums.D．Economicslowdownsresultinaweakenedinterestinmuseums.

解析：对于答案A，原文未提及controlartauctions，更未提及操控拍卖是为了把公共博物馆挤出去。针对此句Thesoaringpricesmeanmuseumssimplycan’tkeepupandmustusuallydependondonationstoassemblethebestworks,orthey’repricedout，原文赏析中已做分析。B答案对应原文billionairesthemselvesareincreasinglysettinguptheirownprivatemuseums,furtherdistancingtheabilityofpublicmuseumstogetthegoodstuff，此